151
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Ressincronização cardíaca em doente com transposição congenitamente corrigida das grandes artérias. Rev Port Cardiol 2014; 33:387.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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152
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Normalisation of left ventricular systolic function after change from VVI pacing to biventricular pacing in a child with congenital complete atrioventricular block, long-QT syndrome, and congenital muscular dystrophy: a 10-year follow-up. Cardiol Young 2014; 24:520-3. [PMID: 23679959 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951113000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Development of dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block with or without pacemaker is well described. We report a case of dilated cardiomyopathy in a child with congenital complete atrioventricular block, long-QT syndrome, and VVI pacemaker. Temporary pacing in the right ventricular outflow tract demonstrated a 63% increase in cardiac output. After change to biventricular DDD pacing, left ventricular systolic function and diastolic dimensions normalised.
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153
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Khairy P, Van Hare GF, Balaji S, Berul CI, Cecchin F, Cohen MI, Daniels CJ, Deal BJ, Dearani JA, Groot ND, Dubin AM, Harris L, Janousek J, Kanter RJ, Karpawich PP, Perry JC, Seslar SP, Shah MJ, Silka MJ, Triedman JK, Walsh EP, Warnes CA. PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Recognition and Management of Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: developed in partnership between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). Heart Rhythm 2014; 11:e102-65. [PMID: 24814377 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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154
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155
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Forsha D, Risum N, Kropf PA, Rajagopal S, Smith PB, Kanter RJ, Samad Z, Sogaard P, Barker P, Kisslo J. Right ventricular mechanics using a novel comprehensive three-view echocardiographic strain analysis in a normal population. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014; 27:413-22. [PMID: 24508364 PMCID: PMC4052609 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although quantitative right ventricular (RV) strain analysis may be useful in congenital and acquired heart disease populations with RV failure, a comprehensive, standardized approach is lacking. An 18-segment RV strain analysis obtained from three standardized RV apical echocardiographic images was used to determine the feasibility, normal values, and reproducibility of the method in normal adults. METHODS Forty healthy, prospectively enrolled volunteers with no cardiac histories and normal QRS durations underwent echocardiography optimized for strain analysis including three RV apical views. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking longitudinal strain analysis was performed using EchoPAC software. Eleven retrospectively identified subjects with RV disease were included as a pilot population. All had been imaged using the same protocol including the three RV apical views. RESULTS All control subjects had normal anatomic morphology and function by echocardiography. Feasibility of the RV strain analysis was good (adequate tracking in 696 of 720 segments [97%]). RV global peak systolic strain was -23 ± 2%. Peak strain was highest in the RV free wall and lowest in the septum. Dyssynchrony indices demonstrated no dyssynchrony using left ventricular criteria. Reproducibility of most strain measures was acceptable. This methodology identified important disease not seen in the four-chamber apical view alone in the pilot population of 11 patients with RV disease. Strain patterns and values were different from those in the control population, indicating that differences do exist from normal. CONCLUSIONS Eighteen-segment RV strain analysis is feasible, with strain measures falling into discrete ranges in this normal population. Those with RV disease illustrate the potential utility of this approach. These data indicate that this model can be used for more detailed studies evaluating abnormal RV populations, in which its full potential can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Forsha
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Niels Risum
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - P Andrea Kropf
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - P Brian Smith
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ronald J Kanter
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zainab Samad
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter Sogaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Piers Barker
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Kisslo
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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156
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NIAZI IMRAN, DHALA ANWER, CHOUDHURI INDRAJIT, SRA JASBIR, AKHTAR MASOOD, TAJIK ABDULJAMIL. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Challenging Anatomy Due to Venous Anomalies or Adult Congenital Heart Disease. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2014; 37:1181-8. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- IMRAN NIAZI
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services; Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - ANWER DHALA
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services; Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - INDRAJIT CHOUDHURI
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services; Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - JASBIR SRA
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services; Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - MASOOD AKHTAR
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services; Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - ABDUL JAMIL TAJIK
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services; Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Milwaukee Wisconsin
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157
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Bernstein D. Introduction to the series: challenges and opportunities in pediatric heart failure and transplantation. Circulation 2014; 129:112-4. [PMID: 24396014 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.006102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics and the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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158
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Cardiac resynchronisation therapy associated with pulmonary artery banding in an adult with severe right ventricular dysfunction after Mustard repair for complete transposition of the great arteries: results after 2 years of follow-up. Cardiol Young 2014; 24:99-104. [PMID: 23402375 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951112002259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Late dysfunction of the systemic right ventricle in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries after Mustard or Senning procedures and progressive deterioration of the clinical status has been demonstrated. However, evidence-based data on the effective therapy for systemic right ventricular dysfunction in these patients are yet to be defined. Our patient shows an improvement in the right ventricular systolic function, with a reduction in tricuspid regurgitation and a consequent better exercise tolerance after a hybrid approach consisting of an upgrading of a previous transvenous-implanted dual-chamber Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator to biventricular pacing associated with pulmonary artery banding via an anterior thoracotomy.
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159
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Karpawich PP. New directions in pacemaker therapy among children and adult patients with congenital heart disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 5:611-3. [PMID: 17605636 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.5.4.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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160
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161
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Koyak Z, de Groot JR, Mulder BJM. Interventional and surgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 8:1753-66. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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162
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Dubin AM, Berul CI. Electrophysiological interventions for treatment of congestive heart failure in pediatrics and congenital heart disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 5:111-8. [PMID: 17187462 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.5.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure therapy, while well tested in the adult population, therapeutic interventions are less well defined in the pediatric population. Several treatment strategies are available for the adult patient with heart failure, thought few of these therapies have been proven in children. Morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population with a failing heart is significant, and rhythm management as well as strategies to improve hemodynamics are important in the care of these children. This review will address issues of rhythm management and resynchronization therapy in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Dubin
- Stanford University, 750 Welch Rd., Suite 305, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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163
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Yap SC, Harris L. Sudden cardiac death in adults with congenital heart disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 7:1605-20. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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164
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McLeod CJ, Asirvatham SJ, Warnes CA, Ammash NM. Device therapy for arrhythmia management in adults with congenital heart disease. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 7:519-27. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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165
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Matsuhisa H, Oshima Y, Maruo A, Hasegawa T, Tanaka A, Noda R, Iwaki R, Matsushima S, Tanaka T, Kido S. Pacing Therapy in Children. Circ J 2014; 78:2972-8. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayako Maruo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe Children’s Hospital
| | - Tomomi Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe Children’s Hospital
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe Children’s Hospital
| | - Rei Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe Children’s Hospital
| | - Ryuma Iwaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe Children’s Hospital
| | | | | | - Sachiko Kido
- Department of Cardiology, Kobe Children’s Hospital
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166
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Motonaga KS, Khairy P, Dubin AM. Electrophysiologic Therapeutics in Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease. Heart Fail Clin 2014; 10:69-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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167
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Köhler D, Arnold R, Loukanov T, Gorenflo M. Right ventricular failure and pathobiology in patients with congenital heart disease - implications for long-term follow-up. Front Pediatr 2013; 1:37. [PMID: 24400283 PMCID: PMC3864255 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2013.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular dysfunction represents a common problem in patients with congenital heart defects, such as Tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary arterial hypertension. Patients with congenital heart defects may present with a pressure or volume overloaded right ventricle (RV) in a bi-ventricular heart or in a single ventricular circulation in which the RV serves as systemic ventricle. Both subsets of patients are at risk of developing right ventricular failure. Obtaining functional and morphological imaging data of the right heart is technically more difficult than imaging of the left ventricle. In contrast to findings on mechanisms of left ventricular dysfunction, very little is known about the pathophysiologic alterations of the right heart. The two main causes of right ventricular dysfunction are pressure and/or volume overload of the RV. Until now, there are no appropriate models available analyzing the effects of pressure and/or volume overload on the RV. This review intends to summarize clinical aspects mainly focusing on the current research in this field. In future, there will be increasing attention to individual care of patients with right heart diseases. Hence, further investigations are essential for understanding the right ventricular pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Köhler
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Raoul Arnold
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Tsvetomir Loukanov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Division of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Matthias Gorenflo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
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168
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MERCHANT FAISALM, KELLA DANESH, BOOK WENDYM, LANGBERG JONATHANJ, LLOYD MICHAELS. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Adult Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2013; 37:321-8. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - DANESH KELLA
- Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - WENDY M. BOOK
- Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
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169
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Bautista-Hernandez V, Myers PO, Cecchin F, Marx GR, Del Nido PJ. Late left ventricular dysfunction after anatomic repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 148:254-8. [PMID: 24100093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early results for anatomic repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) are excellent. However, the development of left ventricular dysfunction late after repair remains a concern. In this study we sought to determine factors leading to late left ventricular dysfunction and the impact of cardiac resynchronization as a primary and secondary (upgrade) mode of pacing. METHODS From 1992 to 2012, 106 patients (median age at surgery, 1.2 years; range, 2 months to 43 years) with ccTGA had anatomic repair. A retrospective review of preoperative variables, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes was performed. RESULTS In-hospital deaths occurred in 5.7% (n = 6), and there were 3 postdischarge deaths during a mean follow-up period of 5.2 years (range, 7 days to 18.2 years). Twelve patients (12%) developed moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction. Thirty-eight patients (38%) were being paced at latest follow-up evaluation. Seventeen patients had resynchronization therapy, 9 as an upgrade from a prior dual-chamber system (8.5%) and 8 as a primary pacemaker (7.5%). Factors associated with left ventricular dysfunction were age at repair older than 10 years, weight greater than 20 kg, pacemaker implantation, and severe neo-aortic regurgitation. Eight of 9 patients undergoing secondary cardiac resynchronization therapy (upgrade) improved left ventricular function. None of the 8 patients undergoing primary resynchronization developed left ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Late left ventricular dysfunction after anatomic repair of ccTGA is not uncommon, occurring most often in older patients and in those requiring pacing. Early anatomic repair and cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients requiring a pacemaker could preclude the development of left ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bautista-Hernandez
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Patrick O Myers
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Frank Cecchin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Area de Gestion Integrada A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gerald R Marx
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Area de Gestion Integrada A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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170
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Walker LA, Buttrick PM. The right ventricle: biologic insights and response to disease: updated. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 9:73-81. [PMID: 23092273 PMCID: PMC3584309 DOI: 10.2174/157340313805076296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite ample evidence that right ventricular function is a critical determinant of the clinical response to a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, there has been only a limited analysis of the unique and distinguishing physiologic properties of the RV under normal circumstances and in response to pathologic insults. This knowledge deficit is increasingly acknowledged. This review highlights some of these features and underscores the fact that rational therapy in RV failure needs to acknowledge its unique physiology and ought to be chamber specific. That is proven therapies for LV dysfunction do not necessarily apply to the RV. The updated version of this review now acknowledges recent advances in the understanding of metabolic, inflammatory and gender-specific influences on the right ventricle.
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171
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Mah DY, Alexander ME, Banka P, Abrams DJ, Triedman JK, Walsh EP, Fynn-Thompson F, Mayer JE, Cecchin F. The Role of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Arterial Switch Operations Complicated by Complete Heart Block. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:904-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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172
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Walsh EP, Dick M. Research accomplishments in pediatric electrophysiology: a historical review. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2013; 8:362-9. [PMID: 23947822 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmia management in young patients plays a small but important role within the broader discipline of cardiac electrophysiology (EP). By virtue of its sharp focus on developmental cardiology, congenital heart defects, and hereditary channelopathies, pediatric EP has contributed in significant ways to improved understanding of rhythm disorders in patients of all ages. Scientific progress in the field was recently reviewed at the 2012 meeting of the Heart Rhythm Society, where historical details of pioneering investigations in pediatric EP were highlighted. In this article, we hope to summarize those details and acknowledge the roles of individuals and organizations that were instrumental in developing the subspecialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Walsh
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
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173
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Hauser J, Michel-Behnke I, Khazen C, Laufer G, Pees C. Successful cardiac resynchronization therapy in a 1.5-year-old girl with dilated cardiomyopathy and functional mitral regurgitation. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:e83-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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174
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Brugada J, Blom N, Sarquella-Brugada G, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Deanfield J, Janousek J, Abrams D, Bauersfeld U, Brugada R, Drago F, de Groot N, Happonen JM, Hebe J, Yen Ho S, Marijon E, Paul T, Pfammatter JP, Rosenthal E. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for arrhythmias in the pediatric population: EHRA and AEPC-Arrhythmia Working Group joint consensus statement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 15:1337-82. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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175
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Escudero C, Khairy P, Sanatani S. Electrophysiologic Considerations in Congenital Heart Disease and Their Relationship to Heart Failure. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:821-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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176
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Roche SL, Redington AN. The Failing Right Ventricle in Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:768-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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177
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Dobson R, Danton M, Nicola W, Hamish W. The natural and unnatural history of the systemic right ventricle in adult survivors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145:1493-501; discussion 1501-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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178
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Walsh EP, Bar-Cohen Y, Batra AS, Dick M, Erickson C, Fish F, Hamilton RM, Kanter RJ, Reed JH, Van Hare GF, Vetter VL, Webster G, Walsh EP, Bar-Cohen Y, Hamilton RM, Reed JH, Van Hare GF. Recommendations for Advanced Fellowship Training in Clinical Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:775-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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179
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Acute hemodynamic benefits of biventricular and single-site systemic ventricular pacing in patients with a systemic right ventricle. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:676-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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180
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Squeezing better function out of the systemic right ventricle by optimizing its pacing site. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:683-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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181
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Echocardiographic Assessment of Ventricular Synchrony in Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease in Children. Echocardiography 2013; 30:460-71. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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182
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Friedberg MK, Fernandes FP, Roche SL, Slorach C, Grosse-Wortmann L, Manlhiot C, Fackoury C, McCrindle BW, Mertens L, Kantor PF. Relation of right ventricular mechanics to exercise tolerance in children after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Am Heart J 2013; 165:551-7. [PMID: 23537972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and exercise intolerance are common problems after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. We investigated RV myocardial deformation and dyssynchrony in children after TOF repair and their association with exercise capacity. METHODS Asymptomatic children after TOF repair were investigated by 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, magnetic resonance, and metabolic exercise study. Patients with RV outflow obstruction were excluded. Peak RV longitudinal strain and strain rate (SR) and dyssynchrony (RV intraventricular delay) were compared with healthy controls. Associations between RV strain, dyssynchrony, and exercise capacity were analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-nine (81%) of 48 TOF patients and 40 healthy controls had adequate RV strain imaging. The TOF patients had moderately dilated RVs and normal RV ejection fraction. Right ventricular peak systolic strain (-23.2% ± 5.1% vs -28.5% ± 8.5%, P < .001) and SR (-1.46 ± 0.68 vs -2.1 ± 0.8, P < .001) were reduced in TOF patients compared with controls. Right ventricular intraventricular delay was higher in TOF patients (146.0 ± 159 vs 71.0 ± 92 milliseconds, P = .008). Decreased RV strain and SR were associated with increased RV dyssynchrony (strain parameter estimate [PE] 6.31 [2.30], P = .007; SR [PE] 11.32 [3.84], P = .004). Increased RV-left ventricular delay was associated with prolonged QRS duration (PE 0.13 [0.058], P = .03) and reduced RV ejection fraction (PE -2.95 [1.275], P = .02). Reduced RV peak SR was associated with decreased exercise peak oxygen uptake (PE 0.14 [0.07], P = .04). CONCLUSIONS After repair of TOF, asymptomatic children have reduced RV deformation in association with RV dyssynchrony and reduced exercise tolerance.
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183
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Cho YK, Ma JS. Right ventricular failure in congenital heart disease. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2013; 56:101-6. [PMID: 23559970 PMCID: PMC3611042 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite developments in surgical techniques and other interventions, right ventricular (RV) failure remains an important clinical problem in several congenital heart diseases (CHD). RV function is one of the most important predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with CHD. RV failure is a progressive disorder that begins with myocardial injury or stress, neurohormonal activation, cytokine activation, altered gene expression, and ventricular remodeling. Pressure-overload RV failure caused by RV outflow tract obstruction after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary stenosis, atrial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, and systemic RV failure after the Fontan operation. Volume-overload RV failure may be caused by atrial septal defect, pulmonary regurgitation, or tricuspid regurgitation. Although the measurement of RV function is difficult because of many reasons, the right ventricle can be evaluated using both imaging and functional modalities. In clinical practice, echocardiography is the primary mode for the evaluation of RV structure and function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used for evaluating RV structure and function. A comprehensive evaluation of RV function may lead to early and optimal management of RV failure in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kuk Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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184
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Biventricular pacing in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot: Non-invasive epicardial mapping and clinical impact. Int J Cardiol 2013; 163:170-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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185
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Thomas VC, Cumbermack KM, Lamphier CK, Phillips CR, Fyfe DA, Fornwalt BK. Measures of dyssynchrony in the left ventricle of healthy children and young patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26:142-53. [PMID: 23200242 PMCID: PMC3868948 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doppler tissue imaging may help identify children with dyssynchrony who could benefit from resynchronization therapy. However, few studies have quantified dyssynchrony measures in children; no study has investigated the relationship among age, heart rate, and dyssynchrony measures in children; and no study has quantified cross-correlation delay in children. The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that measures of left ventricular dyssynchrony would correlate with age, primarily because of the correlation between heart rate and age, and that children with cardiomyopathy would have left ventricular dyssynchrony. METHODS Sixty healthy children and 11 children with dilated cardiomyopathy were prospectively enrolled. Seven dyssynchrony measures were quantified: septal-to-lateral delay, peak velocity difference, the standard deviations of times to peak in 12 segments in systole and diastole, and cross-correlation delay in systole, diastole, and the whole cycle. RESULTS The seven dyssynchrony measures were either not correlated with age or only weakly correlated with age after correcting for heart rate using Bazett's formula. Septal-to-lateral delay, peak velocity difference, and the standard deviation of times to peak in 12 segments in systole showed dyssynchrony in 57% to 85% of normal controls, compared with 20% for cross-correlation delay in the whole cycle and 3% for the standard deviation of times to peak in 12 segments in diastole. Cross-correlation delay in systole, cross-correlation delay in diastole, cross-correlation delay in the whole cycle, and the standard deviation of times to peak in 12 segments in diastole were elevated in children with dilated cardiomyopathy compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Echocardiographic dyssynchrony measures should be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula in children. Time-to-peak Doppler tissue imaging dyssynchrony measures classify many healthy children as having abnormalities with the timing of left ventricular contraction, which suggests that the methodology is not accurate in children. In preliminary studies, cross-correlation dyssynchrony measures show elevated systolic and diastolic measures of dyssynchrony in children with dilated cardiomyopathy compared with controls, which deserves further investigation to help identify children who may benefit from resynchronization therapy.
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186
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Echocardiography for Assessment of Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Children: The Search Must Go On. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26:160-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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187
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Singh HR, Batra AS, Balaji S. Cardiac pacing and defibrillation in children and young adults. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2013; 13:4-13. [PMID: 23329870 PMCID: PMC3539397 DOI: 10.1016/s0972-6292(16)30584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of children and young adults requiring a cardiac pacing device has been consistently increasing. The current generation of devices are small with a longer battery life, programming capabilities that can cater to the demands of the young patients and ability to treat brady and tachyarrhythmias as well as heart failure. This has increased the scope and clinical indications of using these devices. As patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) comprise majority of these patients requiring devices, the knowledge of indications, pacing leads and devices, anatomical variations and the technical skills required are different than that required in the adult population. In this review we attempt to discuss these specific points in detail to improve the understanding of cardiac pacing in children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder R Singh
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan
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188
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Dinardo JA. Heart failure associated with adult congenital heart disease. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 17:44-54. [PMID: 23264549 DOI: 10.1177/1089253212469841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) now exceeds that of children with congenital heart disease. Within this relatively young population of adults in their third decade of life exist a population of patients with heart failure (HF) who, in functional status, closely resemble patients in their fifth and sixth decades of life with HF caused by coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia. The ACHD patients currently at greatest risk for HF are those with single-ventricle physiology, those with a 2-ventricle circulation with the right ventricle as the systemic ventricle, and those with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary valve insufficiency. This article will review the demographics, diagnosis, functional capacity, and treatment of HF in the ACHD population.
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189
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Gokhale J, Husain N, Nicholson L, Texter KM, Zaidi AN, Cua CL. QRS duration and mechanical dyssynchrony correlations with right ventricular function after fontan procedure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012; 26:154-9. [PMID: 23218964 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In studies of adult patients, increased QRS duration and mechanical dyssynchrony have been associated with decreased ventricular function. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that similar findings would be present in a population of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) after the Fontan procedure. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All patients with HLHS after the Fontan procedure were eligible. QRS duration was measured using 12-lead electrocardiography. Echocardiographic measurements of mechanical dyssynchrony included Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) QRS to onset of s' wave difference between the left ventricle and the right ventricle, time to peak strain, time to peak systolic strain rate (SRs), the standard deviation of time to peak strain rate (modified Yu strain), and the standard deviation of time to peak SRs (modified Yu SRs). Right ventricular (RV) functional measurements included DTI s' wave, DTI RV myocardial performance index, global strain, global SRs, and RV fractional area change. Pearson's correlations were performed between the variables. RESULTS Thirty-one echocardiographic studies were performed on 26 patients. The median age was 5.3 years (range, 2.5-15.4 years). QRS duration was correlated significantly with global SRs (r = 0.42). Time to peak SRs was correlated significantly with DTI s' wave (r = -0.48) and global SRs (r = 0.37). Modified Yu SRs was correlated significantly with global strain (r = 0.35) and RV fractional area change (r = -0.35). CONCLUSIONS Both QRS duration and mechanical dyssynchrony were correlated with RV function, albeit weakly. The clinical significance of these findings is intriguing, but only larger studies will determine if these measurements are reliable in guiding treatment options for this complex patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Gokhale
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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190
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191
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Grewal J, Crean A, Garceau P, Wald R, Woo A, Rakowski H, Silversides CK. Subaortic Right Ventricular Characteristics and Relationship to Exercise Capacity in Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012; 25:1215-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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192
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Takeuchi D, Tomizawa Y. Pacing device therapy in infants and children: a review. J Artif Organs 2012; 16:23-33. [PMID: 23104398 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-012-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The number of pediatric pacemakers implanted is still relatively small. Children requiring pacing therapy have characteristics that are distinct from those of adults, including physical size, somatic growth, and cardiac anomalies. Considering these features, long-term follow-up of pediatric pacemaker implantation is necessary. Selection of appropriate generators, pacing modes, pacing sites, and leads is important. Generally, epicardial leads are commonly used in small infants. On the other hand, the use of endocardial leads in children is increasing worldwide because of their benefits over epicardial leads, such as minimal invasiveness, lower pacing threshold, and longer generator longevity. Endocardial leads are not suitable for patients with intracardiac shunts because of the high risk of systemic thrombosis. Venous occlusion is another significant problem with endocardial leads. With the increase in the number of pacing device implantations, the incidence of infection from such devices is also increasing. Complete device removal is sometimes recommended to treat device infection, but experience in the removal of endocardial leads in children is still scarce. This article gives an overview of pacing therapy in the pediatric population, including discussions on new pacing systems, such as remote monitoring systems, magnetic imaging compliant pacemaker systems, and leadless pacing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
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193
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Stephenson EA. It is all in the timing: mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2012; 9:2016-7. [PMID: 23085126 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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194
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Cardiac resynchronization therapy for patients with congenital heart disease: technical challenges. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2012; 36:71-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-012-9726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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195
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Yeong M, Rumball E, Sinclair S, Skinner JR. Emergency cardiac resynchronisation in a 4kg infant post surgical closure of ventricular septal defect. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 22:317-9. [PMID: 22999441 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for adult patients with cardiac failure due to mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony. Data on CRT in infants are scarce. We report the remarkable success of emergent CRT by epicardial pacing of the left ventricular apex in a 4kg infant with left ventricular failure due to LV dyssynchrony from left bundle branch block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yeong
- Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children's Hospital, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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196
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Jalal Z, Bordachar P, Labrousse L, Mondoly P, Ritter P, Thambo JB. Stimulation cardiaque en pédiatrie : indications, stratégies d’implantation, évolution, techniques d’avenir. ARCHIVES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SUPPLEMENTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(12)70825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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197
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Hill AC, Maxey DM, Rosenthal DN, Siehr SL, Hollander SA, Feinstein JA, Dubin AM. Electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony in pediatric pulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31:825-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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198
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199
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Cevik A, Oguz D, Pektas A, Ozdemir M, Olgunturk R. Resynchronization therapy in an adolescent with pacemaker-related ventricular dysfunction. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2012; 5:97-8. [PMID: 22529615 PMCID: PMC3327029 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2069.93724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Cevik
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital, Ankara, Turkey E-mail:
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200
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Abstract
The incidence of atrial arrhythmias following Fontan repairs varies by the type of surgery and duration of follow-up. The incidence of late atrial tachycardia has been reduced from 60% to less than 20% by surgical modifications. Late ventricular tachycardia is reported in 3% to 12% of patients. Aggressive efforts to eliminate tachycardia and improve hemodynamics may improve clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Deal
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Memorial Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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