151
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Coleman OI, Haller D. ER Stress and the UPR in Shaping Intestinal Tissue Homeostasis and Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2825. [PMID: 31867005 PMCID: PMC6904315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in the correct protein folding milieu of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can cause ER stress, which leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR constitutes a highly conserved and intricately regulated group of pathways that serve to restore ER homeostasis through adaptation or apoptosis. Numerous studies over the last decade have shown that the UPR plays a critical role in shaping immunity and inflammation, resulting in the recognition of the UPR as a key player in pathological processes including complex inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. The intestinal epithelium, with its many highly secretory cells, forms an important barrier and messenger between the luminal environment and the host immune system. It is not surprising, that numerous studies have associated ER stress and the UPR with intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the roles of ER stress and the UPR in shaping immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, the role played by the UPR in disease, with emphasis on IBD and CRC, is described here. As a key player in immunity and inflammation, the UPR has been increasingly recognized as an important pharmacological target in the development of therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated pathologies. We summarize available strategies targeting the UPR and their therapeutic implications. Understanding the balance between homeostasis and pathophysiology, as well as means of manipulating this balance, provides an important avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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152
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Motavalli R, Etemadi J, Kahroba H, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Immune system-mediated cellular and molecular mechanisms in idiopathic membranous nephropathy pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2019; 238:116923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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153
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Maeda S, Osaga S, Maeda T, Takeda N, Tamechika SY, Naniwa T, Niimi A. Circulating Th17.1 cells as candidate for the prediction of therapeutic response to abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An exploratory research. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215192. [PMID: 31747403 PMCID: PMC6867595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-helper (Th)17.1 cells exhibit high pathogenicity in inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to identify the changes in the proportions of Th subsets, including Th17.1, which are associated with abatacept treatment response in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. On the basis of the results, we assessed whether Th17.1 is a potential cellular biomarker. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to determine the circulating Th subsets among CD4+ T lymphocytes in 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis before abatacept treatment. All the patients received abatacept treatment for 24 weeks; changes in disease activity score, including 28-joint count C-reactive protein, and responsiveness indicated by other indices to abatacept treatment were evaluated according the European League Against Rheumatism criteria (good and moderate responders and nonresponders). The correlation between the abatacept responses and the proportions of Th subsets (baseline) was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis with inverse probability weighting method was performed to calculate the odds ratio adjusted for patient characteristics. The proportion of baseline Th17.1 cells was significantly lower in patients categorized as good responders than in those categorized as non-good responders (moderate responders and nonresponders; p = 0.0064). The decrease in 28-joint count C-reactive protein after 24 weeks of abatacept therapy showed a significant negative correlation with the proportion of Th17.1 cells. The adjusted odds ratio for achieving good response in patients with baseline Th17.1 levels below the median value was 14.6 (95% confidence interval, 2.9–72.3; p = 0.0021) relative to that in the remaining patients. The proportion of Th17.1 cells at baseline is a good candidate for predicting abatacept treatment response in Japanese patients. These novel findings may represent a significant step in the pursuit of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Satoshi Osaga
- Clinical Research Management Center, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihisa Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Tamechika
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taio Naniwa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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154
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On the immunoregulatory role of statins in multiple sclerosis: the effects on Th17 cells. Immunol Res 2019; 67:310-324. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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155
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Diani M, Casciano F, Marongiu L, Longhi M, Altomare A, Pigatto PD, Secchiero P, Gambari R, Banfi G, Manfredi AA, Altomare G, Granucci F, Reali E. Increased frequency of activated CD8 + T cell effectors in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10870. [PMID: 31350460 PMCID: PMC6659700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify subsets of T cells differentially represented in the circulation of patients with psoriatic arthritis and to evaluate the possibility that they can recirculate between peripheral blood and the inflamed joints. We analyzed the phenotype and cytokine expression in circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in 69 subjects: 28 with cutaneous psoriasis, 15 patients with psoriatic arthritis, and 26 healthy subjects. In the circulation, the percentage of each subset was compared among the groups and correlation was calculated with the serum concentration of C-reactive protein. To investigate the migration of T cells towards the inflamed joints, we performed a transwell migration assay towards patient serum and synovial fluid. In selected patients we analyzed in parallel T cells from peripheral blood and from synovial fluid. In the circulation, we found increased percentage of CD8+ CCR6+ T cell effectors expressing CD69 and of IL-17-producing T cells in patients with psoriatic arthritis. CD8+ effector/effector memory T cells showed increased migration towards synovial fluid. Finally, in synovial fluid we found accumulation of CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells and CD69+ cells. CD4+ T cells in the two compartments shared many similarities with CD8+ T cells. The results indicate a role for memory T cell effectors in systemic and joint manifestations of psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo D Pigatto
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Altomare
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Reali
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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156
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MicroRNA-125a suppresses intestinal mucosal inflammation through targeting ETS-1 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 101:109-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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157
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Moreira RTDF, Lallo MA, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Hurtado ECP, Konno FT, Spadacci-Morena D, Coutinho SDA. Dichotomous response of Malassezia-infected macrophages to Malassezia pachydermatis and Malassezia furfur. Med Mycol 2019; 57:628-635. [PMID: 30388249 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia pachydermatis and Malassezia furfur are lipophilic yeasts of the cutaneous microbiome, although these organisms are occasionally responsible for serious invasive infections in neonates. Since phagocytosis is an important mechanism mediating the adaptive immune response, here we evaluated the phagocytosis capacity and production of nitric oxide and cytokine by macrophages after challenged with M. furfur CBS-1878 and M. pachydermatis CBS-1696. The phagocytic indexes was determined using RAW 264.7 cultivated or not with M. furfur or M. pachydermatis in the concentrations of 5:1 or 2:1 (yeasts:macrophages ratio) for 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h following the challenges. Evaluation of nitric oxide and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) by Griess method and flow cytometry, respectively, were performed in the different intervals by collecting the cell culture supernatant. Results showed a higher phagocytic index in the 5:1 ratio in 24 h for both species. Malassezia pachydermatis-infected macrophages had superior phagocytic indexes than M. furfur-infected macrophages. Phagocytosis evaluation at 48 h showed significant microorganisms proliferation and macrophages death, particularly in macrophages infected with M. pachydermatis, suggesting yeast evasion mechanism. Significant variations in the nitric oxide production were observed in macrophages infected with both species. Levels of TNF-α and IL-4 cytokines have increased in M. furfur and M. pachydermatis macrophage-infected cultures, respectively. The low microbicidal activity and the presence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines reinforce the dichotomous character of the relation of these yeasts with the host, acting as a commensal in the cutaneous microbiome or causing infection.
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158
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Garrett SM, Zhao Q, Feghali-Bostwick C. Induction of a Th17 Phenotype in Human Skin-A Mimic of Dermal Inflammatory Diseases. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2020045. [PMID: 31164624 PMCID: PMC6632176 DOI: 10.3390/mps2020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are a subset of effector T helper cells that produce interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and IL-26, which can promote tissue inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatic, fibrosing, and other diseases. Research into these diseases is often limited by a lack of an animal model that closely mimics human disease and the paucity of patient clinical tissues. Therefore, the development of relevant experimental models is crucial. Three media formulations of Th17-skewing cocktail (CT) were evaluated for the ability to induce a Th17 signature in an ex vivo human skin model: CT9 contained αCD3, αCD28, IL-23, IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-21, and TGFβ; CT8 lacked IL-1β; and CT4 only contained αCD3, αCD28, IL-23, and IL-1β. Healthy donor skin was defatted, distributed as 3 mm punch biopsies, and incubated with one of the cocktail formulations or vehicle for 48 h. All of the cocktail formulations independently significantly stimulated the expression of each gene examined. CT4 induced IL-17A expression 1024-fold, significantly higher than CT9 and CT8. IL-17F was robustly stimulated by CT4 (1557-fold), CT9 (622-fold), and CT8 (111-fold), with significant differences between the CT groups. All of the formulations significantly induced IL-22 (16–42-fold). CT9 stimulated the highest IL-26 response (41-fold), which was significantly higher than CT4 and CT8. IL-10 was stimulated significantly higher with CT8 (10-fold) than CT4 or CT9. The secretion of IL-17A was significantly elevated with all cocktail formulations. Robust IL-17A/IL-17F cytokine induction was preferentially mediated by CT4, which suggested that its components are the minimal constituents necessary for the full induction of these genes in this human skin explant model, while the downstream cytokines were preferentially upregulated by CT4 (IL-22), CT9 (IL-26), or CT8 (IL-10). In summary, our findings suggest that the induction of a Th17 phenotype in human skin is feasible and can be used as a model for rheumatic and fibrosing diseases where Th17 skewing is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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159
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Zake T, Skuja S, Kalere I, Konrade I, Groma V. Upregulated tissue expression of T helper (Th) 17 pathogenic interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-1β in Hashimoto's thyroiditis but not in Graves' disease. Endocr J 2019; 66:423-430. [PMID: 30814438 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 17 cells and interleukin (IL)-17 play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). However, it has recently become clear that Th17 cells are more heterogeneous and exhibit two different phenotypes, whereas IL-23 and IL-1β are crucial for the generation of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes. We aimed to investigate the association between IL-17 and Th17-promoting cytokines in AITD by studying the immunoexpression patterns of IL-17, IL-23, and IL-1β in thyroid tissue. Following thyroidectomy, 29 patients with AITD (21 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 8 cases of Graves' disease (GD)) and 18 patients with colloid goiter, as controls, were enrolled in this study, and immunohistochemistry was performed. The expression level of IL-17 in thyrocytes was significantly higher in HT and GD patients than in colloid goiter patients. Immunopositivity for both IL-23 and IL-1β was significantly increased in HT patients compared to GD and colloid goiter patients. However, no difference was found between IL-23 or IL-1β expression in patients with GD and colloid goiter. A positive correlation between IL-17 and IL-23 as well as IL-17 and IL-1β expression was observed in HT patients (r = 0.574, p = 0.007 and r = 0.461, p = 0.036, respectively). In the GD group, IL-17 was positively correlated with IL-1β (r = 0.817, p = 0.013) but not with IL-23 expression. We found increased IL-23 and IL-1β expression in the HT group but not in the GD group. Furthermore, both interleukins were correlated with IL-17 immunopositivity in thyroid tissue, suggesting that pathogenic Th17-promoting cytokines may play a role in HT pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Zake
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Sandra Skuja
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
| | - Ieva Kalere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Valerija Groma
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
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160
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Bsat M, Chapuy L, Rubio M, Wassef R, Richard C, Schwenter F, Loungnarath R, Soucy G, Mehta H, Sarfati M. Differential Pathogenic Th17 Profile in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1177. [PMID: 31191543 PMCID: PMC6547831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug targets IL23 and IL12 regulate pathogenicity and plasticity of intestinal Th17 cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two most common inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, studies examining Th17 dysregulation in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) of these patients are rare. We showed that in mLNs, CD could be distinguished from UC by increased frequencies of CCR6+CXCR3−RORγ+Tbet−CD4+ (Th17) memory T cells enriched in CD62Llow effector memory T cells (TEM), and their differentially expressed molecular profile. Th17 TEM cells (expressing IL17A, IL17F, RORC, and STAT3) displayed a higher pathogenic/cytotoxic (IL23R, IL18RAP, and GZMB, CD160, PRF1) gene signature in CD relative to UC, while non-pathogenic/regulatory genes (IL9, FOXP3, CTLA4) were more elevated in UC. In both CD and UC, IL12 but not IL23, augmented IFNγ expression in Th17 TEM and switched their molecular profile toward an ex-Th17 (Th1*)-biased transcriptomic signature (increased IFNG, and decreased TCF7, IL17A), suggesting that Th17 plasticity occurs in mLNs before their recruitment to inflamed colon. We propose that differences observed between Th17 cell frequencies and their molecular profile in CD and UC might have implications in understanding disease pathogenesis, and thus, therapeutic management of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Bsat
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Chapuy
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ramses Wassef
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carole Richard
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Schwenter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Heena Mehta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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161
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Abstract
Psoriasis is an (auto)immune-mediated disease that manifests as widespread
desquamative erythema. The TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17A axis is crucial to its
pathogenesis, which is demonstrated by its excellent therapeutic response to
biologics that target this axis. There is a strong association between
HLA-C*0602 and psoriasis, and researchers have identified autoantigens that are
restricted to this major histocompatibility class I molecule. These auto-Ags
include LL-37, A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain containing
thrombospondin type 1 motif-like 5 (ADAMTSL5), and keratin 17. IL-17A-producing
T cells have been identified in T cell populations that are reactive to these
auto-Ags. In addition, lipid Ags have surfaced as candidate auto-Ags that
activate IL-17A-producing T cells in a CD1a-restricted manner. In this article,
we review the candidate auto-Ags that may contribute to the activation of the
IL-17A-deviated immune response in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masutaka Furue
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- 2 Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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162
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Zhu H, Ji W. Dihydroartemisinin Ameliorated Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Mice via Regulation of MiR-183C. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3804-3814. [PMID: 31115390 PMCID: PMC6542303 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to investigate the function and mechanism of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in treating ovalbumin-induced asthma in BALB/c mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty female BALB/c mice were randomly separated into 3 groups: the control group, the asthma model group stimulated by ovalbumin (OVA group), and the DHA treatment group (DHA group). The therapeutic effects and potential pharmacological mechanisms of DHA were specifically clarified by examining its effects on asthma-related phenomena, such as body weight, lung function, cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and hemotoxin and eosin staining. In addition, the expression of inflammatory factors was checked by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and fractions of Th17 cells were detected by FACS analysis. Moreover, the downstream molecular pathway of IL-6/Stat3 (interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and expression of miR-183C was investigated by western blot and/or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase assay was used to reveal the function of miR-183C on the transcriptional regulation of Foxo1 (forkhead box O). RESULTS DHA administration significantly relieved the severity of the asthma through its effect on body weight, survival rate, and airway pressure. DHA was able to ameliorate lung damage in terms of pathological morphology and it reduced the percentage of helper T 17 (Th17) cells and the secretion of cytokines. As a result, the activity of the IL-6/Stat3 pathway was inhibited by DHA. In addition, the adoption of DHA decreased the expression of miR-183C but increased the expression of the transcription factor Foxo1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the therapeutic effects of DHA on asthma are partially realized via the regulation of miR-183C and IL-6/Stat3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Paediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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163
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Mijnheer G, van Wijk F. T-Cell Compartmentalization and Functional Adaptation in Autoimmune Inflammation: Lessons From Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:940. [PMID: 31143175 PMCID: PMC6520654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are characterized by a disturbed immune balance leading to recurring episodes of inflammation in specific target tissues, such as the joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The tissue becomes infiltrated by multiple types of immune cell, including high numbers of CD4 and CD8 T-cells, which are mostly effector memory cells. Locally, these T-cells display an environment-adapted phenotype, induced by inflammation- and tissue-specific instructions. Some of the infiltrated T-cells may become tissue resident and play a role in relapses of inflammation. Adaptation to the environment may lead to functional (re)programming of cells and altered cellular interactions and responses. For example, specifically at the site of inflammation both CD4 and CD8 T-cells can become resistant to regulatory T-cell-mediated regulation. In addition, CD8 and CD4 T-cells show a unique profile with pro- and anti-inflammatory features coexisting in the same compartment. Also regulatory T-cells are neither homogeneous nor static in nature and show features of functional differentiation, and plasticity in inflammatory environments. Here we will discuss the recent insights in T-cell functional specialization, regulation, and clonal expansion in local (tissue) inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdien Mijnheer
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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164
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Fang S, Huang Y, Wang N, Zhang S, Zhong S, Li Y, Sun J, Liu X, Wang Y, Gu P, Li B, Zhou H, Fan X. Insights Into Local Orbital Immunity: Evidence for the Involvement of the Th17 Cell Pathway in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1697-1711. [PMID: 30517642 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Unique features of local immunity in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) may affect disease progression. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the orbital immune microenvironment and TAO development. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS TAO and control orbital connective tissues were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Single-cell sequencing examined orbital lymphocytic infiltrates. Multicolor flow cytometry explored the phenotypes of different cell subsets and in vitro models for cell functional studies. Coculture experiment and western blotting assay were used to determine underlying mechanism of the enhanced T helper 17 (Th17) cell pathway. RESULTS The TAO orbital microenvironment was composed of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, plasma cells, and CD34+ orbital fibroblasts, but few B cells. Increases in CD3+CD8- IL-17A-producing and RAR-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt-expressing T cells and in CD3+CD8- IL-13-producing and GATA3-expressing T cells suggested Th17 and Th2 cell responses in TAO orbits. Increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing and RORγt+Tbet+ T cells indicated a Th1-like phenotype of orbital-infiltrating Th17 cells. Higher IL-23R and IL-1R expression and lower IL-21R expression were also observed on Th17 cells in TAO orbits. Multivariate analyses revealed that the Th17 pathway [IL-17A (P = 0.001), IFN-γ (P = 0.009), RORγt (P = 0.003), IL-23R (P = 0.033), IL-21R (P = 0.019)], and Th2 pathway [IL-13 (P = 0.015), GATA3 (P = 0.012)] were associated with TAO. IL-17A, IL-23R, and IL-1R correlated with clinical activity score and visual acuity. CD34+ orbital fibroblasts exhibited distinct cell surface marker expression and promoted IL-23R and IL-1R expression on T cells to facilitate the Th17-cell phenotype through prostaglandin E2-EP2/EP4-cAMP signaling. CONCLUSION Our study addresses the importance of retroorbital immunity and suggests possible means of disrupting TAO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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165
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Chapuy L, Bsat M, Sarkizova S, Rubio M, Therrien A, Wassef E, Bouin M, Orlicka K, Weber A, Hacohen N, Villani AC, Sarfati M. Two distinct colonic CD14 + subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn's disease. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:703-719. [PMID: 30670762 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with dysregulated immune responses in the intestinal tissue. Four molecularly identified macrophage subsets control immune homeostasis in healthy gut. However, the specific roles and transcriptomic profiles of the phenotypically heterogeneous CD14+ macrophage-like population in inflamed gut remain to be investigated in Crohn's disease (CD). Here we identified two phenotypically, morphologically and functionally distinct colonic HLADR+SIRPα+CD14+ subpopulations that were further characterized using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) in CD. Frequencies of CD64hiCD163-/dim cells selectively augmented in inflamed colon and correlated with endoscopic score of disease severity. IL-1β and IL-23-producing CD64hiCD163-/dim cells predominated over TNF-α-producing CD64hiCD163hi cells in lesions. Purified "inflammatory monocyte-like" CD163-, but not "macrophage-like" CD163hi cells, through IL-1β, promoted Th17/Th1 but not Th1 responses in tissue memory CD4+T cells. Unsupervised scRNAseq analysis that captures the entire HLADR+SIRPα+ population revealed six clusters, two of which were enriched in either CD163- or CD163hi cells, and best defined by TREM1/FCAR/FCN1/IL1RN or CD209/MERTK/MRCI/CD163L1 genes, respectively. Selected newly identified discriminating markers were used beyond CD163 to isolate cells that shared pro-Th17/Th1 function with CD163- cells. In conclusion, a molecularly distinct pro-inflammatory CD14+ subpopulation accumulates in inflamed colon, drives intestinal inflammatory T-cell responses, and thus, might contribute to CD disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Chapuy
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marwa Bsat
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Siranush Sarkizova
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Therrien
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Evelyne Wassef
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mickael Bouin
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Katarzina Orlicka
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Weber
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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166
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Machacek M, Saunders H, Zhang Z, Tan EP, Li J, Li T, Villar MT, Artigues A, Lydic T, Cork G, Slawson C, Fields PE. Elevated O-GlcNAcylation enhances pro-inflammatory Th17 function by altering the intracellular lipid microenvironment. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8973-8990. [PMID: 31010828 PMCID: PMC6552434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade inflammation increases the risk for atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmunity in diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Levels of CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which secrete interleukin 17A (IL-17A), are increased in obesity and contribute to the inflammatory milieu; however, the relationship between signaling events triggered by excess nutrient levels and IL-17A-mediated inflammation is unclear. Here, using cytokine, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, and ChIP assays, along with lipidomics and MS-based approaches, we show that increased levels of the nutrient-responsive, post-translational protein modification, O-GlcNAc, are present in naive CD4+ T cells from a diet-induced obesity murine model and that elevated O-GlcNAc levels increase IL-17A production. We also found that increased binding of the Th17 master transcription factor RAR-related orphan receptor γ t variant (RORγt) at the IL-17 gene promoter and enhancer, as well as significant alterations in the intracellular lipid microenvironment, elevates the production of ligands capable of increasing RORγt transcriptional activity. Importantly, the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), is O-GlcNAcylated and necessary for production of these RORγt-activating ligands. Our results suggest that increased O-GlcNAcylation of cellular proteins may be a potential link between excess nutrient levels and pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Machacek
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Harmony Saunders
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | | | - Jibiao Li
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
| | - Tiangang Li
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
| | | | | | - Todd Lydic
- the Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Gentry Cork
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
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167
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Belyayev L, Loh K, Fishbein TM, Kroemer A. The parallel paradigm between intestinal transplant inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 24:207-211. [PMID: 30694990 PMCID: PMC6408947 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A significant shift in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mirrors research that has been ongoing in intestinal transplantation. The blurring of lines between these two disease states creates an avenue into potential therapeutic interventions which take advantage of these molecular similarities. RECENT FINDINGS Traditional knowledge of T-cell involvement in IBD has expanded to highlight the role of T helper 17 (Th17) cells as key effector cells. A similar role has been demonstrated in cellular rejection of intestinal allografts. Genetic polymorphism related to the propagation and function of Th17 cells has been found to confer significant risk of developing autoimmune conditions. Interleukin-23, a cytokine identified as crucial to the expansion of Th17 cells, has become a validated molecular target in psoriatic arthritis and IBD, and could become a target for intestinal transplant therapies. SUMMARY Intestinal transplant rejection and IBD share a similar phenotype, especially as it relates to key effector cells and gene polymorphisms. Improvements in our understanding of the immune-pathogenesis of IBD, as well as molecular targeting exploiting that knowledge, provide a potential route to improve outcomes for intestinal transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Belyayev
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Northwest, Washington, DC
- Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katrina Loh
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Northwest, Washington, DC
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s National Medical Center, Northwest, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas M. Fishbein
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Northwest, Washington, DC
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Northwest, Washington, DC
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168
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Guo R, Zhang T, Meng X, Lin Z, Lin J, Gong Y, Liu X, Yu Y, Zhao G, Ding X, Chen X, Lu L. Lymphocyte mass cytometry identifies a CD3-CD4+ cell subset with a potential role in psoriasis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125306. [PMID: 30747724 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (PS) is a systemic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder. However, the whole lymphocyte compartment and the potential pathologies of PS have not been fully characterized. In the present study, we examined whole lymphocyte subsets and signal transduction proteins using high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry and a bioinformatics pipeline for an in-depth characterization of the immune cell subsets and protein profiles involved in pathways in the peripheral blood of patients with PS. We identified 15 major immune cell populations in T cell lineages and characterized various CD3+CD4+ Th and CD3+CD8+ T cytotoxic cell populations simultaneously across 24 leukocyte markers and 7 proteins related to the signal transduction pathways. High-dimensional analysis identified 3 new subsets that are abundant in PS peripheral blood, resembling CD3-CD4+ lymphoid tissue inducer cells, Tc17 cells, and CD8+CXCR3+ Tregs. We confirmed the CD3-CD4+ cells, and their features and functions, in an independent PS cohort. The use of single-cell mass cytometry allows systemic-level characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and dysregulated signaling pathways in the blood of patients with PS, identifying abnormalities of different immune cell subsets. We validated that the CD3-CD4+ cells had elevated OX40 and decreased FRA2 expression, which were positively associated with the PS area and severity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yuetian Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guilin Zhao
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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169
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Immunological abnormalities in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:741-760. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20181123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease occurring predominantly in women, is characterized by high titers of serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. The immune system plays a critical role in PBC pathogenesis and a variety of immune cell subsets have been shown to infiltrate the portal tract areas of patients with PBC. Amongst the participating immune cells, CD4 T cells are important cytokine-producing cells that foster an inflammatory microenvironment. Specifically, these cells orchestrate activation of other immune cells, including autoreactive effector CD8 T cells that cause biliary epithelial cell (BEC) injury and B cells that produce large quantities of AMAs. Meanwhile, other immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, monocytes, and macrophages are also important in PBC pathogenesis. Activation of these cells initiates and perpetuates bile duct damage in PBC patients, leading to intrahepatic cholestasis, hepatic damage, liver fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis or even liver failure. Taken together, the body of accumulated clinical and experimental evidence has enhanced our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of PBC and suggests that immunotherapy may be a promising treatment option. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding immunological abnormalities of PBC patients, with emphasis on underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The differential immune response which occurs over decades of disease activity suggests that different therapies may be needed at different stages of disease.
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170
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Villegas JA, Bayer AC, Ider K, Bismuth J, Truffault F, Roussin R, Santelmo N, Le Panse R, Berrih-Aknin S, Dragin N. Il-23/Th17 cell pathway: A promising target to alleviate thymic inflammation maintenance in myasthenia gravis. J Autoimmun 2019; 98:59-73. [PMID: 30578016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IL-23/Th17 pathway has been identified to sustain inflammatory condition in several autoimmune diseases and therefore being targeted in various therapeutic and effective approaches. Patients affected with autoimmune myasthenia gravis exhibit a disease effector tissue, the thymus, that harbors ectopic germinal centers that sustain production of auto-antibodies, targeting proteins located in the neuromuscular junction, cause of the organ-specific chronic autoimmune disease. The present study aims to investigate the IL-23/Th17 cell pathway in the thymic inflammatory and pathogenic events. We found that thymuses of MG patients displayed overexpression of Interleukin-17, signature cytokine of activated Th17 cells. This activation was sustained by a higher secretion of Interleukin-23 by TEC, in addition to the increased expression of cytokines involved in Th17 cell development. The overexpression of Interleukin-23 was due to a dysregulation of interferon type I pathway. Besides, Interleukin-17 secreted, and Th17 cells were localized around thymic ectopic germinal centers. These cells expressed podoplanin, a protein involved in B-cell maturation and antibody secretion. Finally, production of Interleukin-23 was also promoted by Interleukin-17 secreted itself by Th17 cells, highlighting a chronic loop of inflammation sustained by thymic cell interaction. Activation of the IL-23/Th17 pathway in the thymus of autoimmune myasthenia gravis patients creates an unstoppable loop of inflammation that may participate in ectopic germinal center maintenance. To alleviate the physio-pathological events in myasthenia gravis patients, this pathway may be considered as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Villegas
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra C Bayer
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Katia Ider
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Jacky Bismuth
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Truffault
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Rozen Le Panse
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France.
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Dragin
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Inovarion, Paris, France.
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171
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Imam S, Prathibha R, Dar P, Almotah K, Al-Khudhair A, Hasan SAM, Salim N, Jilani TN, Mirmira RG, Jaume JC. eIF5A inhibition influences T cell dynamics in the pancreatic microenvironment of the humanized mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1533. [PMID: 30733517 PMCID: PMC6367423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a transgenic mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in which human GAD65 is expressed in pancreatic β-cells, and human MHC-II is expressed on antigen presenting cells. Induced GAD65 antigen presentation activates T-cells, which initiates the downstream events leading to diabetes. In our humanized mice, we have shown downregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 A (elF5A), expressed only in actively dividing mammalian cells. In-vivo inhibition of elF5A hypusination by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) inhibitor "GC7" was studied; DHS inhibitor alters the pathophysiology in our mouse model by catalyzing the crucial hypusination and the rate-limiting step of elF5A activation. In our mouse model, we have shown that inhibition of eIF5A resets the pro-inflammatory bias in the pancreatic microenvironment. There was: (a) reduction of Th1/Th17 response, (b) an increase in Treg numbers, (c) debase in IL17 and IL21 cytokines levels in serum, (d) lowering of anti-GAD65 antibodies, and (e) ablation of the ER stress that improved functionality of the β-cells, but minimal effect on the cytotoxic CD8 T-cell (CTL) mediated response. Conclusively, immune modulation, in the case of T1D, may help to manipulate inflammatory responses, decreasing disease severity, and may help manage T1D in early stages of disease. Our study also demonstrates that without manipulating the CTLs mediated response extensively, it is difficult to treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Imam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - R Prathibha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Pervaiz Dar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalil Almotah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Khudhair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Syed Abdul-Moiz Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Salim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Talha Naser Jilani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Jaume
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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172
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Miraldi ER, Pokrovskii M, Watters A, Castro DM, De Veaux N, Hall JA, Lee JY, Ciofani M, Madar A, Carriero N, Littman DR, Bonneau R. Leveraging chromatin accessibility for transcriptional regulatory network inference in T Helper 17 Cells. Genome Res 2019; 29:449-463. [PMID: 30696696 PMCID: PMC6396413 DOI: 10.1101/gr.238253.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) provide insight into cellular behavior by describing interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and their gene targets. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC)–seq, coupled with TF motif analysis, provides indirect evidence of chromatin binding for hundreds of TFs genome-wide. Here, we propose methods for TRN inference in a mammalian setting, using ATAC-seq data to improve gene expression modeling. We test our methods in the context of T Helper Cell Type 17 (Th17) differentiation, generating new ATAC-seq data to complement existing Th17 genomic resources. In this resource-rich mammalian setting, our extensive benchmarking provides quantitative, genome-scale evaluation of TRN inference, combining ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data. We refine and extend our previous Th17 TRN, using our new TRN inference methods to integrate all Th17 data (gene expression, ATAC-seq, TF knockouts, and ChIP-seq). We highlight newly discovered roles for individual TFs and groups of TFs (“TF–TF modules”) in Th17 gene regulation. Given the popularity of ATAC-seq, which provides high-resolution with low sample input requirements, we anticipate that our methods will improve TRN inference in new mammalian systems, especially in vivo, for cells directly from humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Miraldi
- Divisions of Immunobiology and Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45257, USA
| | - Maria Pokrovskii
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Aaron Watters
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Dayanne M Castro
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA
| | - Nicholas De Veaux
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Jason A Hall
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - June-Yong Lee
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Maria Ciofani
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Aviv Madar
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA
| | - Nick Carriero
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA.,Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA.,Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, New York 10010, USA
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173
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van Uden D, Boomars K, Kool M. Dendritic Cell Subsets and Effector Function in Idiopathic and Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Immunol 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30723471 PMCID: PMC6349774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by an incurable condition of the pulmonary vasculature, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure resulting in progressive right ventricular failure and ultimately death. PAH has different underlying causes. In approximately 30–40% of the patients no underlying risk factor or cause can be found, so-called idiopathic PAH (IPAH). Patients with an autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD) can develop PAH [CTD-associated PAH (CTD-PAH)], suggesting a prominent role of immune cell activation in PAH pathophysiology. This is further supported by the presence of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) near pulmonary blood vessels in IPAH and CTD-PAH. TLOs consist of myeloid cells, like monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), T-cells, and B-cells. Next to their T-cell activating function, DCs are crucial for the preservation of TLOs. Multiple DC subsets can be found in steady state, such as conventional DCs (cDCs), including type 1 cDCs (cDC1s), and type 2 cDCs (cDC2s), AXL+Siglec6+ DCs (AS-DCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Under inflammatory conditions monocytes can differentiate into monocyte-derived-DCs (mo-DCs). DC subset distribution and activation status play an important role in the pathobiology of autoimmune diseases and most likely in the development of IPAH and CTD-PAH. DCs can contribute to pathology by activating T-cells (production of pro-inflammatory cytokines) and B-cells (pathogenic antibody secretion). In this review we therefore describe the latest knowledge about DC subset distribution, activation status, and effector functions, and polymorphisms involved in DC function in IPAH and CTD-PAH to gain a better understanding of PAH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise van Uden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin Boomars
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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174
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Iannello A, Rolla S, Maglione A, Ferrero G, Bardina V, Inaudi I, De Mercanti S, Novelli F, D'Antuono L, Cardaropoli S, Todros T, Turrini MV, Cordioli C, Puorro G, Marsili A, Lanzillo R, Brescia Morra V, Cordero F, De Bortoli M, Durelli L, Visconti A, Cutrupi S, Clerico M. Pregnancy Epigenetic Signature in T Helper 17 and T Regulatory Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3075. [PMID: 30671056 PMCID: PMC6331474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the anti-inflammatory role of estrogens in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), originating from the observation of reduction in relapse rates among women with MS during pregnancy, but the molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood. Using an integrative data analysis, we identified T helper (Th) 17 and T regulatory (Treg) cell-type-specific regulatory regions (CSR) regulated by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). These CSRs were validated in polarized Th17 from healthy donors (HD) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Th17 and Treg cells from relapsing remitting (RR) MS patients and HD during pregnancy. 17β-estradiol induces active histone marks enrichment at Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3)-CSRs and repressive histone marks enrichment at RAR related orphan receptor C (RORC)-CSRs in polarized Th17 cells. A disease-associated epigenetic profile was found in RRMS patients during pregnancy, suggesting a FOXP3 positive regulation and a RORC negative regulation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Altogether, these data indicate that estrogens act as immunomodulatory factors on the epigenomes of CD4+ T cells in RRMS; the identified CSRs may represent potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression or new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iannello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bardina
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilenia Inaudi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania De Mercanti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Healthy Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucrezia D'Antuono
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Department, OIRM-Sant'Anna Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Tullia Todros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Turrini
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Ospedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari Hospital, Montichiari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cordioli
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Ospedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari Hospital, Montichiari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Puorro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Marsili
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele De Bortoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Durelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Santina Cutrupi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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175
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Jayaraman S, Prabhakar BS. Immune Tolerance in Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disorders. CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121051 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19515-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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176
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Barbalho SM, Goulart RDA, Batista GLDSA. Vitamin A and inflammatory bowel diseases: from cellular studies and animal models to human disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:25-35. [PMID: 30791845 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1543588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) and metabolites such as Retinoic Acid (RA) and all-trans-RA (at-RA) are crucial in the modulation of the immune system and may be determinative in the balance of the immune responses. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consist of chronic relapsing and heterogeneous disorders with not well-known etiology. Due to its role in inflammatory processes, VA may be helpful in the treatment of IBD. Area covered: As VA plays a significant role in the inflammatory processes, this review aims to show the potential role of this vitamin in IBD, searching for cellular studies, animal models, and studies with humans. Expert commentary: Many studies have described the importance of alternative therapeutic approaches for IBD. Due to its role in the immune system, VA may also exert an indispensable role in the IBD. Nevertheless, some authors have shown that these compounds could stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. For these reasons, more studies should be performed to establish the precise mechanisms of VA and its metabolites in systemic and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- a School of Medicine , University of Marília (UNIMAR) , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition , Faculty of Food Technology of Marília (FATEC) , São Paulo , Brazil
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177
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Sviridova AA, Melnikov MV, Belousova OO, Rogovskii VS, Pashenkov MV, Boyko AN. Serotonergic system as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:64-72. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20191192264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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178
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Th17 cells in renal inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 18:129-136. [PMID: 30572135 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells are a distinct lineage of T-cells. These T-cells express IL-17A and the lineage-defining transcription factor RORγt. Th17 cells have a pivotal, physiological role in host defense against pathogens. These pro-inflammatory T-cells are also key players in autoimmunity and a pathogenic role has been demonstrated in several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. Recently, there is evidence that Th17 cells may drive renal inflammation and renal autoimmunity in anti-neutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody-(ANCA)-vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible involvement of Th17 cells in renal autoimmunity and its value for future therapeutic approaches.
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179
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Gogoleva VS, Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS, Mufazalov IA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Cytokines as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1089-1103. [PMID: 30472948 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system and in regulation of the immune response. Cytokine dysregulation is often associated with development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmunity. Recent studies have provided insights into the cytokine signaling pathways that are involved not only in pathogenesis of autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, but also in neurodegenerative states, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the exact molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and evaluation of relevant experimental animal models are necessary for development of effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Gogoleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K-S N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - I A Mufazalov
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A A Kruglov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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180
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Amat R, Böttcher R, Le Dily F, Vidal E, Quilez J, Cuartero Y, Beato M, de Nadal E, Posas F. Rapid reversible changes in compartments and local chromatin organization revealed by hyperosmotic shock. Genome Res 2018; 29:18-28. [PMID: 30523037 PMCID: PMC6314167 DOI: 10.1101/gr.238527.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear architecture is decisive for the assembly of transcriptional responses. However, how chromosome organization is dynamically modulated to permit rapid and transient transcriptional changes in response to environmental challenges remains unclear. Here we show that hyperosmotic stress disrupts different levels of chromosome organization, ranging from A/B compartment changes to reduction in the number and insulation of topologically associating domains (TADs). Concomitantly, transcription is greatly affected, TAD borders weaken, and RNA Polymerase II runs off from hundreds of transcription end sites. Stress alters the binding profiles of architectural proteins, which explains the disappearance of local chromatin organization. These processes are dynamic, and cells rapidly reconstitute their default chromatin conformation after stress removal, uncovering an intrinsic organization. Transcription is not required for local chromatin reorganization, while compartment recovery is partially transcription-dependent. Thus, nuclear organization in mammalian cells can be rapidly modulated by environmental changes in a reversible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Amat
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Böttcher
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Le Dily
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Vidal
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Quilez
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmina Cuartero
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,CNAG-CRG, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Beato
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,CNAG-CRG, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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181
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Maione F, Iqbal AJ, Raucci F, Letek M, Bauer M, D'Acquisto F. Repetitive Exposure of IL-17 Into the Murine Air Pouch Favors the Recruitment of Inflammatory Monocytes and the Release of IL-16 and TREM-1 in the Inflammatory Fluids. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2752. [PMID: 30555461 PMCID: PMC6284009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of Th17 cells in tissues and organs during the development of many autoimmune diseases is considered a key step toward the establishment of chronic inflammation. Indeed, the localized and prolonged release of IL-17 in specific tissues has been associated with an increased severity of the inflammatory response that remains sustained over time. The cellular and molecular mechanisms behind these effects are far from being clear. In this study we investigated the effects of two repetitive administration of recombinant IL-17 into the murine air pouch to simulate a scenario where IL-17 is released over time in a pre-inflamed tissue. Consistent with our previous observations, mice receiving a single dose of IL-17 showed a transitory influx of neutrophils into the air pouch that peaked at 24 h and declined at 48 h. Conversely, mice receiving a double dose of the cytokine—one at time 0 and the second after 24 h—showed a more dramatic inflammatory response with almost 2-fold increase in the number of infiltrated leukocytes and significant higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the inflammatory fluids. Further analysis of the exacerbated inflammatory response of double-injected IL-17 mice showed a unique cellular and biochemical profile with inflammatory monocytes as the second main population emigrating to the pouch and IL-16 and TREM-1 as the most upregulated cytokines found in the inflammatory fluids. Most interestingly, mice receiving a double injection of IL-1β did not show any change in the cellular or biochemical inflammatory response compared to those receiving a single injection or just vehicle. Collectively these results shed some light on the function of IL-17 as pro-inflammatory cytokine and provide possible novel ways to target therapeutically the pathogenic effects of IL-17 in autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michal Letek
- Health Science Research Centre, Department of Life Science, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Bauer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Health Science Research Centre, Department of Life Science, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
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182
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Kamali AN, Noorbakhsh SM, Hamedifar H, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yazdani R, Bautista JM, Azizi G. A role for Th1-like Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Mol Immunol 2018; 105:107-115. [PMID: 30502718 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The T helper 17 (Th17) cells contain a dynamic subset of CD4+ T-cells that are able to develop into other different lineage subsets, including the Th1-like Th17 cells. These cells co-express retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and transcription factor T-box-expressed-in-T-cells (T-bet) and produce both interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Recent reports have shown that Th1-like Th17 cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as, some primary immunodeficiency with autoimmune features. Here, the actual mechanisms for Th17 cells plasticity to Th1-like Th17 cells are discussed and reviewed in association to the role that Th1-like Th17 cells have on inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali N Kamali
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - José M Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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183
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Klein K. Bromodomain protein inhibition: a novel therapeutic strategy in rheumatic diseases. RMD Open 2018; 4:e000744. [PMID: 30564450 PMCID: PMC6269638 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reading of acetylation marks on histones by bromodomain (BRD) proteins is a key event in transcriptional activation. Small molecule inhibitors targeting bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins compete for binding to acetylated histones. They have strong anti-inflammatory properties and exhibit encouraging effects in different cell types in vitro and in animal models resembling rheumatic diseases in vivo. Furthermore, recent studies that focus on BRD proteins beyond BET family members are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Klein
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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184
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Zamboni WC, Szebeni J, Kozlov SV, Lucas AT, Piscitelli JA, Dobrovolskaia MA. Animal models for analysis of immunological responses to nanomaterials: Challenges and considerations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 136-137:82-96. [PMID: 30273617 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides many solutions to improve conventional drug delivery and has a unique niche in the areas related to the specific targeting of the immune system, such as immunotherapies and vaccines. Preclinical studies in this field rely heavily on the combination of in vitro and in vivo methods to assess the safety and efficacy of nanotechnology platforms, nanoparticle-formulated drugs, and vaccines. While certain types of toxicities can be evaluated in vitro and good in vitro-in vivo correlation has been demonstrated for such tests, animal studies are still needed to address complex biological questions and, therefore, provide a unique contribution to establishing nanoparticle safety and efficacy profiles. The genetic, metabolic, mechanistic, and phenotypic diversity of currently available animal models often complicates both the animal choice and the interpretation of the results. This review summarizes current knowledge about differences in the immune system function and immunological responses of animals commonly used in preclinical studies of nanomaterials. We discuss challenges, highlight current gaps, and propose recommendations for animal model selection to streamline preclinical analysis of nanotechnology formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Zamboni
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Janos Szebeni
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University and SeroScience Ltd, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Nanobiotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Miskolc University, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Serguei V Kozlov
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Andrew T Lucas
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joseph A Piscitelli
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States.
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185
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Jakiela B, Kosałka J, Plutecka H, Bazan-Socha S, Sanak M, Musiał J. Facilitated expansion of Th17 cells in lupus nephritis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:283-294. [PMID: 30086206 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of T helper type 17 (Th17) expansion in lupus nephritis (LN) patients, and to determine whether or not it is associated with impaired function of regulatory T cells (Treg ). Major effector subsets of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells were assessed by flow cytometry in 33 LN patients with different activity of the disease and 19 healthy controls. The percentage of circulating Th17 cells was increased in LN (median = 1·2% of CD4+ compared to 0·6% in the control group, P < 0·01), while Treg cells remained unchanged (12·3 versus 12·1% in controls), resulting in a significantly lower Treg /Th17 ratio. Th17 expansion in the patient group was not related to LN activity, renal histology or blood and urine inflammatory biomarkers, but has been associated with a higher cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide. Treg cells in LN displayed mainly effector memory phenotype and expressed higher levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β; however, their suppressant activity in lymphocyte proliferation assay was diminished compared to controls (~fourfold, P < 0·05). Co-culture of Treg and conventional CD4+ T cells resulted in marked suppression of the Th1 subset in both of the groups studied, but also in a potent expansion of Th17 cells, which in LN was twofold higher, as in controls (P < 0·05). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Th17 expansion in LN is not increased during disease exacerbation, but is related to chronic immunosuppressive therapy. This immune signature is probably linked to the abnormal function of Treg cells, which were less suppressive in LN patients and even facilitated differentiation of Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jakiela
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawinska, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Kosałka
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawinska, Krakow, Poland
| | - H Plutecka
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawinska, Krakow, Poland
| | - S Bazan-Socha
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawinska, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Sanak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawinska, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Musiał
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawinska, Krakow, Poland
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186
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So JS. Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Immune Responses. Mol Cells 2018; 41:705-716. [PMID: 30078231 PMCID: PMC6125421 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for protein synthesis, folding and modification, and lipid synthesis and calcium storage. Dysregulation of ER functions leads to the accumulation of misfolded- or unfolded-protein in the ER lumen, and this triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which restores ER homeostasis. The UPR is characterized by three distinct downstream signaling pathways that promote cell survival or apoptosis depending on the stressor, the intensity and duration of ER stress, and the cell type. Mammalian cells express the UPR transducers IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, which control transcriptional and translational responses to ER stress. Direct links between ER stress and immune responses are also evident, but the mechanisms by which UPR signaling cascades are coordinated with immunity remain unclear. This review discusses recent investigations of the roles of ER stress in immune responses that lead to differentiation, maturation, and cytokine expression in immune cells. Further understanding of how ER stress contributes to the pathogenesis of immune disorders will facilitate the development of novel therapies that target UPR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seon So
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University Gyeongju, Gyeongju 38066,
Korea
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187
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The Anti-Inflammatory Mediator, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Modulates the Differentiation and Function of Th Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6043710. [PMID: 30155495 PMCID: PMC6092975 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6043710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic background, epigenetic modifications, and environmental factors trigger autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several pathogenic infections have been related to the onset of RA and may cause an inadequate immunological tolerance towards critical self-antigens leading to chronic joint inflammation and an imbalance between different T helper (Th) subsets. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a mediator that modulates all the stages comprised between the arrival of pathogens and Th cell differentiation in RA through its known anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. This “neuroimmunopeptide” modulates the pathogenic activity of diverse cell subpopulations involved in RA as lymphocytes, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), or macrophages. In addition, VIP decreases the expression of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) in FLS from RA patients. These receptors act as sensors of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) connecting the innate and adaptive immune system. Moreover, VIP modulates the imbalance between Th subsets in RA, decreasing pathogenic Th1 and Th17 subsets and favoring Th2 or Treg profile during the differentiation/polarization of naïve or memory Th cells. Finally, VIP regulates the plasticity between theses subsets. In this review, we provide an overview of VIP effects on the aforementioned features of RA pathology.
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188
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Mantani PT, Vallejo J, Ljungcrantz I, Nilsson J, Björkbacka H, Fredrikson GN. Interleukin-25 reduces Th17 cells and inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:685-692. [PMID: 29966691 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of interleukin-25 (IL-25) favors the induction of Th1 and Th17 immune responses in mice. Th1 immune responses have been associated with the pathology of atherosclerosis, a lipid and inflammation driven disease of the arterial wall. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH To evaluate the effect of IL-25 on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in the presence and absence of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a key player in atherosclerosis development. PRINCIPAL RESULTS Human PBMCs were incubated with recombinant human IL-25 (rhIL-25) in the presence and absence of oxLDL and analyzed with flow cytometry while cytokine secretion was measured in cell culture supernatants. The IL-25 receptor, IL-17RB, was mostly expressed on T cells. Incubation of hPBMCs with IL-25 reduced the frequency of Th17 cells. Furthermore, IL-25 inhibited the release of the Th17-inducing cytokine IL-6 from dendritic cells isolated from hPBMCs indicating that the IL-25 mediated Th17 suppression may be indirect. Moreover, IL-25 reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IFNγ from hPBMCs. OxLDL decreased IFNγ release from hPBMCs regardless of the presence or absence of IL-25. CONCLUSIONS IL-25 reduces Th1 and Th17 immune responses in hPBMCs raising the interesting possibility that IL-25 could have a protective role in human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni T Mantani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Jenifer Vallejo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Irena Ljungcrantz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
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189
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Shields CA, McCalmon M, Ibrahim T, White DL, Williams JM, LaMarca B, Cornelius DC. Placental ischemia-stimulated T-helper 17 cells induce preeclampsia-associated cytolytic natural killer cells during pregnancy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R336-R343. [PMID: 29718698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00061.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that T-helper 17 (TH17) cells and cytolytic natural killer (cNK) cells are increased in women with preeclampsia. In this study we investigated the role of placental ischemia-stimulated TH17 cells in induction of cNK cells in pregnancy. We further assessed the role of TH17 cell-mediated oxidative stress in facilitation of cNK cell activation in pregnancy by treating rats with the SOD mimetic tempol. CD4+/CD25- cells were isolated from reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rats and differentiated into TH17 cells in vitro. On day 12 of gestation ( GD12), 1 × 106 placental ischemia-stimulated TH17 cells were injected into normal pregnant (NP) rats (NP + RUPP TH17 rats), and a subset of rats were treated with tempol (30 mg·kg-1·day-1) from GD12 to GD19 (NP + RUPP TH17 + tempol rats). On GD19, cNK cells, mean arterial pressure, fetal weight, and cNK cell-associated cytokines and proteins were measured. Placental cNK cells were 2.9 ± 1, 14.9 ± 4, and 2.8 ± 1.0% gated in NP, NP + RUPP TH17, and NP + RUPP TH17 + tempol rats, respectively. Mean arterial pressure increased from 96 ± 5 mmHg in NP rats to 118 ± 2 mmHg in NP + RUPP TH17 rats and was 102 ± 3 mmHg in NP + RUPP TH17 + tempol rats. Fetal weight was 2.37 ± 0.04, 1.95 ± 0.14, and 2.3 ± 0.05 g in NP, NP + RUPP TH17, and NP + RUPP TH17 + tempol rats, respectively. Placental IFNγ increased from 1.1 ± 0.6 pg/mg in NP rats to 3.9 ± 0.6 pg/mg in NP + RUPP TH17 rats. Placental perforin increased from 0.18 ± 0.18 pg/mg in NP rats to 2.4 ± 0.6 pg/mg in NP + RUPP TH17 rats. Placental levels of granzymes A and B followed a similar pattern. Treatment with tempol did not lower placental cNK cytokines or proteins. The results of the present study identify TH17 cells as a mediator of aberrant NK cell activation that is associated with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin A Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Maggie McCalmon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Dakota L White
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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190
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The Immunoregulation of Th17 in Host against Intracellular Bacterial Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6587296. [PMID: 29743811 PMCID: PMC5884031 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6587296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 cells (Th17) constitute a distinct subset of helper T cells with a unique transcriptional profile (STAT3, RORγ, and RORα), cytokine production pattern (IL17 family), and requirement of specific cytokines for their differentiation (TGF-β, IL6, IL21, and IL23). Recent studies involving experimental animals and humans have shown that Th17/IL17 plays a crucial role in host defense against a variety of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. The underlying mechanisms by which Th17 performs include dendritic cell (DC) regulation, neutrophil recruitment, Th1 modulation, and T regulatory cell (Treg) balance. In recent years, researchers have generated an accumulating wealth of evidence on the role of Th17/IL17 in protective immunity to intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Chlamydia trachomatis, which are one of the most important pathogens that inflict significant socioeconomic burden across the globe. In this article, we reviewed the current literature on the functions and mechanisms by which Th17/IL17 responds to intracellular bacterial infections. A better understanding of Th17/IL17 immunity to pathogens would be crucial for developing effective prophylactics and therapeutics.
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191
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Kapitan M, Niemiec MJ, Steimle A, Frick JS, Jacobsen ID. Fungi as Part of the Microbiota and Interactions with Intestinal Bacteria. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 422:265-301. [PMID: 30062595 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiota consists of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi that build a highly complex network of interactions between each other and the host. While there are many examples for commensal bacterial influence on host health and immune modulation, little is known about the role of commensal fungi inside the gut community. Up until now, fungal research was concentrating on opportunistic diseases caused by fungal species, leaving the possible role of fungi as part of the microbiota largely unclear. Interestingly, fungal and bacterial abundance in the gut appear to be negatively correlated and disruption of the bacterial microbiota is a prerequisite for fungal overgrowth. The mechanisms behind bacterial colonization resistance are likely diverse, including direct antagonism as well as bacterial stimulation of host defense mechanisms. In this work, we will review the current knowledge of the development of the intestinal bacterial and fungal community, the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease, and the role of the opportunistic yeast C. albicans. We will furthermore discuss the possible benefits of commensal fungal colonization. Finally, we will summarize the recent findings on bacterial-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kapitan
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - M Joanna Niemiec
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Steimle
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia S Frick
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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