151
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Extracellular vesicles mediate signaling between the aqueous humor producing and draining cells in the ocular system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171153. [PMID: 28241021 PMCID: PMC5328276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Canonical Wnt signaling is associated with glaucoma pathogenesis and intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation. Our goal was to gain insight into the influence of non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE)-derived exosomes on Wnt signaling by trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. The potential impact of exosomes on Wnt signaling in the ocular drainage system remains poorly understood. Methods Exosomes isolated from media collected from cultured NPCE cells by differential ultracentrifugation were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), sucrose density gradient migration and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cellular target specificity of the NPCE-derived exosomes was investigated by confocal microscopy-based monitoring of the uptake of DiD-labeled exosomes over time, as compared to uptake by various cell lines. Changes in Wnt protein levels in TM cells induced by NPCE exosomes were evaluated by Western blot. Results Exosomes derived from NPCE cells were purified and detected as small rounded 50–140 nm membrane vesicles, as defined by DLS, NTA, TRPS and TEM. Western blot analysis indicated that the nanovesicles were positive for classic exosome markers, including Tsg101 and Alix. Isolated nanoparticles were found in sucrose density fractions typical of exosomes (1.118–1.188 g/mL sucrose). Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrated time-dependent specific accumulation of the NPCE-derived exosomes in NTM cells. Other cell lines investigated hardly revealed any exosome uptake. We further showed that exosomes induced changes in Wnt signaling protein expression in the TM cells. Western blot analysis further revealed decreased phosphorylation of GKS3β and reduced β-catenin levels. Finally, we found that treatment of NTM cells with exosomes resulted in a greater than 2-fold decrease in the level of β-catenin in the cytosolic fraction. In contrast, no remarkable difference in the amount of β-catenin in the nuclear fraction was noted, relative to the control. Conclusions The data suggest that NPCE cells release exosome-like vesicles and that these nanoparticles affect canonical Wnt signaling in TM cells. These findings may have therapeutic relevance since canonical Wnt pathway is involved in intra-ocular pressure regulation. Further understanding of NPCE-derived exosome-responsive signaling pathways may reveal new targets for pharmacological intervention within the drainage system as a target for glaucoma therapy.
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152
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Sheeran PS, Matsuura N, Borden MA, Williams R, Matsunaga TO, Burns PN, Dayton PA. Methods of Generating Submicrometer Phase-Shift Perfluorocarbon Droplets for Applications in Medical Ultrasonography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2017; 64:252-263. [PMID: 27775902 PMCID: PMC5706463 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2016.2619685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Continued advances in the field of ultrasound and ultrasound contrast agents have created new approaches to imaging and medical intervention. Phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets, which can be vaporized by ultrasound energy to transition from the liquid to the vapor state, are one of the most highly researched alternatives to clinical ultrasound contrast agents (i.e., microbubbles). In this paper, part of a special issue on methods in biomedical ultrasonics, we survey current techniques to prepare ultrasound-activated nanoscale phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets, including sonication, extrusion, homogenization, microfluidics, and microbubble condensation. We provide example protocols and discuss advantages and limitations of each approach. Finally, we discuss best practice in characterization of this class of contrast agents with respect to size distribution and ultrasound activation.
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153
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Mehn D, Caputo F, Rösslein M, Calzolai L, Saint-Antonin F, Courant T, Wick P, Gilliland D. Larger or more? Nanoparticle characterisation methods for recognition of dimers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Larger or more? Our article dissects the problem of understanding the origin of size heterogeneity in polydispersed nanoparticle samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mehn
- European Commission
- DG Joint Research Centre
- 21027 Ispra
- Italy
| | - F. Caputo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- F38000 Grenoble
- France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus
- Grenoble
| | - M. Rösslein
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - L. Calzolai
- European Commission
- DG Joint Research Centre
- 21027 Ispra
- Italy
| | - F. Saint-Antonin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- F38000 Grenoble
- France
- CEA, LITEN
- Minatec Campus
| | - T. Courant
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- F38000 Grenoble
- France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus
- Grenoble
| | - P. Wick
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - D. Gilliland
- European Commission
- DG Joint Research Centre
- 21027 Ispra
- Italy
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154
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Eh Suk VR, Misran M. Preparation, characterization and physicochemical properties of DOPE-PEG2000 stabilized oleic acid-soy lecithin liposomes (POLL). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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155
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Silicone Migration From Baked-on Silicone Layers. Particle Characterization in Placebo and Protein Solutions. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3520-3531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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156
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Kratochvíl P, Netopilík M. The effect of nanoparticle nonuniformity on the ratio of gyration and hydrodynamic radiuses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2016.1252872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Kratochvíl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Netopilík
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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157
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Qu H, Linder SW, Mudalige TK. Surface coating and matrix effect on the electrophoretic mobility of gold nanoparticles: a capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:979-988. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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158
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Vogel R, Coumans FAW, Maltesen RG, Böing AN, Bonnington KE, Broekman ML, Broom MF, Buzás EI, Christiansen G, Hajji N, Kristensen SR, Kuehn MJ, Lund SM, Maas SLN, Nieuwland R, Osteikoetxea X, Schnoor R, Scicluna BJ, Shambrook M, de Vrij J, Mann SI, Hill AF, Pedersen S. A standardized method to determine the concentration of extracellular vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:31242. [PMID: 27680301 PMCID: PMC5040823 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.31242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the pathogenic role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in disease and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility is extremely reliant on in-depth quantification, measurement and identification of EV sub-populations. Quantification of EVs has presented several challenges, predominantly due to the small size of vesicles such as exosomes and the availability of various technologies to measure nanosized particles, each technology having its own limitations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standardized methodology to measure the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been developed and tested. The method is based on measuring the EV concentration as a function of a defined size range. Blood plasma EVs are isolated and purified using size exclusion columns (qEV) and consecutively measured with tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). Six independent research groups measured liposome and EV samples with the aim to evaluate the developed methodology. Each group measured identical samples using up to 5 nanopores with 3 repeat measurements per pore. Descriptive statistics and unsupervised multivariate data analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate reproducibility across the groups and to explore and visualise possible patterns and outliers in EV and liposome data sets. RESULTS PCA revealed good reproducibility within and between laboratories, with few minor outlying samples. Measured mean liposome (not filtered with qEV) and EV (filtered with qEV) concentrations had coefficients of variance of 23.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The increased variance of the EV concentration measurements could be attributed to the use of qEVs and the polydisperse nature of EVs. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of this standardized methodology to facilitate comparable and reproducible EV concentration measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Izon Science Ltd., Burnside, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Frank A W Coumans
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raluca G Maltesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anita N Böing
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marike L Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Najat Hajji
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Søren R Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sigrid M Lund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rosalie Schnoor
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin J Scicluna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitch Shambrook
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
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159
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Yang L, Yamamoto T. Quantification of Virus Particles Using Nanopore-Based Resistive-Pulse Sensing Techniques. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1500. [PMID: 27713738 PMCID: PMC5031608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have drawn much attention in recent years due to increased recognition of their important roles in virology, immunology, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Because the biological and physical properties of viruses significantly impact their applications, quantitative detection of individual virus particles has become a critical issue. However, due to various inherent limitations of conventional enumeration techniques such as infectious titer assays, immunological assays, and electron microscopic observation, this issue remains challenging. Thanks to significant advances in nanotechnology, nanostructure-based electrical sensors have emerged as promising platforms for real-time, sensitive detection of numerous bioanalytes. In this paper, we review recent progress in nanopore-based electrical sensing, with particular emphasis on the application of this technique to the quantification of virus particles. Our aim is to provide insights into this novel nanosensor technology, and highlight its ability to enhance current understanding of a variety of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takatoki Yamamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
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160
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtane Lespes
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour; Avenue de l'Université, BP 1155 64013 Pau Cedex France
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161
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Weatherall E, Hauer P, Vogel R, Willmott GR. Pulse Size Distributions in Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8648-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Vogel
- Izon Science Limited, 8C Homersham Place, P.O. Box 39168,
Burnside, Christchurch 8053, New Zealand
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Geoff R. Willmott
- The
Departments of Physics and Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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162
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Khatun Z, Bhat A, Sharma S, Sharma A. Elucidating diversity of exosomes: biophysical and molecular characterization methods. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2359-77. [PMID: 27488053 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-secreted nanovesicles present in biological fluids in normal and diseased conditions. Owing to their seminal role in cell-cell communication, emerging evidences suggest that exosomes are fundamental regulators of various diseases. Due to their potential usefulness in disease diagnosis, robust isolation and characterization of exosomes is critical in developing exosome-based assays. In the last few years, different exosome characterization methods, both biophysical and molecular, have been developed to characterize these tiny vesicles. Here, in this review we summarize: first, biophysical techniques based on spectroscopy (e.g., Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering) and other principles, for example, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy; second, antibody-based molecular techniques including flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and third, nanotechnology-dependent exosome characterization methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamila Khatun
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Ltd, L4, 400 NCL Innovation Park, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anjali Bhat
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Ltd, L4, 400 NCL Innovation Park, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- California Nanosystems, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aman Sharma
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Ltd, L4, 400 NCL Innovation Park, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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163
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Souza TGF, Ciminelli VST, Mohallem NDS. A comparison of TEM and DLS methods to characterize size distribution of ceramic nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/733/1/012039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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164
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Blundell ELCJ, Healey MJ, Holton E, Sivakumaran M, Manstana S, Platt M. Characterisation of the protein corona using tunable resistive pulse sensing: determining the change and distribution of a particle's surface charge. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5757-5768. [PMID: 27287012 PMCID: PMC4958399 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The zeta potential of the protein corona around carboxyl particles has been measured using tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). A simple and rapid assay for characterising zeta potentials within buffer, serum and plasma is presented monitoring the change, magnitude and distribution of proteins on the particle surface. First, we measure the change in zeta potential of carboxyl-functionalised nanoparticles in solutions that contain biologically relevant concentrations of individual proteins, typically constituted in plasma and serum, and observe a significant difference in distributions and zeta values between room temperature and 37 °C assays. The effect is protein dependent, and the largest difference between the two temperatures is recorded for the γ-globulin protein where the mean zeta potential changes from -16.7 to -9.0 mV for 25 and 37 °C, respectively. This method is further applied to monitor particles placed into serum and/or plasma. A temperature-dependent change is again observed with serum showing a 4.9 mV difference in zeta potential between samples incubated at 25 and 37 °C; this shift was larger than that observed for samples in plasma (0.4 mV). Finally, we monitor the kinetics of the corona reorientation for particles initially placed into serum and then adding 5 % (V/V) plasma. The technology presented offers an interesting insight into protein corona structure and kinetics of formation measured in biologically relevant solutions, i.e. high protein, high salt levels, and its particle-by-particle analysis gives a measure of the distribution of particle zeta potential that may offer a better understanding of the behaviour of nanoparticles in solution. Graphical Abstract The relative velocity of a nanoparticle as it traverses a nanopore can be used to determine its zeta potential. Monitoring the changes in translocation speeds can therefore be used to follow changes to the surface chemistry/composition of 210 nm particles that were placed into protein rich solutions, serum and plasma. The particle-by-particle measurements allow the zeta potential and distribution of the particles to be characterised, illustrating the effects of protein concentration and temperature on the protein corona. When placed into a solution containing a mixture of proteins, the affinity of the protein to the particle's surface determines the corona structure, and is not dependent on the protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L C J Blundell
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Matthew J Healey
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holton
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Muttuswamy Sivakumaran
- Peterborough City Hospital, Edith Cavell Campus, Bretton Gate, Peterborough, PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Sarabjit Manstana
- Human Genomics Lab, Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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165
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Steinborn G, Gemeinert M, Schmidt W. Vergleich verschiedener Messverfahren zur Partikelgrößenanalyse am Beispiel von nanodispersem ZrO2-Pulver. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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166
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Gross J, Sayle S, Karow AR, Bakowsky U, Garidel P. Nanoparticle tracking analysis of particle size and concentration detection in suspensions of polymer and protein samples: Influence of experimental and data evaluation parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:30-41. [PMID: 27108267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is an emerging technique for detecting simultaneously sub-micron particle size distributions and particle concentrations of a sample. This study deals with the performance evaluation for the detection and characterisation of various particles by NTA. Our investigation focusses on the NTA measurement parameter set-ups, as will be shown in this study, are very crucial parameters to correctly analyse and interpret the data. In order to achieve this, we used (i) polystyrene standard particles as well as (ii) protein particles. We show the highly precise and reproducible detection of particle size and concentration in monodisperse polystyrene particle systems, under specified and constant parameter settings. On the other hand, our results exemplify potential risks and errors while setting inadequate parameters with regards to the results and thus interpretation thereof. In particular changes of the parameters, camera level (CL) and detection threshold (DT), led to significant changes in the determined particle concentration. We propose defined and specified "optimal" camera levels for monodisperse particle suspension characterisations in the size range of 20-1000nm. We illustrate that the results of polydisperse polystyrene standard particle solution measurements, highly depend on the used parameter settings, which are rarely published with the data. Changes in these settings led to the "appearance" or "disappearance" of particle populations ("peaks") for polydisperse systems. Thus, a correct evaluation of the particle size populations in the sample becomes very challenging. For the use of NTA in biopharmaceutical analysis, proteinaceous samples were investigated. We analysed protein particle suspensions and compared unstressed and stressed (formation of aggregates) protein samples similar to polystyrene particle analysis. We also studied these samples in two different measuring modes (general capture mode and live monitoring mode) that the commercially available analysis software is offering. Our results stated the live monitoring mode as more suitable for protein samples, as the results were more reproducible and less operator-depending. In conclusion, NTA is a potential technique and unique in quantitative evaluation of particle suspensions in the subvisible size range, especially for monodisperse suspensions. We strongly urge on not underestimating the influence of the measuring parameters on the obtained results, which should be presented with the data in order to better judge and interpret the NTA results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gross
- Philipps - University Marburg, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Sayle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biopharmaceuticals, Protein Science, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Anne R Karow
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biopharmaceuticals, Protein Science, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Philipps - University Marburg, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biopharmaceuticals, Protein Science, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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167
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Visser EWA, van IJzendoorn LJ, Prins MWJ. Particle Motion Analysis Reveals Nanoscale Bond Characteristics and Enhances Dynamic Range for Biosensing. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3093-101. [PMID: 26913834 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofunctionalized colloidal particles are widely used as labels in bioanalytical assays, lab-on-chip devices, biophysical research, and in studies on live biological systems. With detection resolution going down to the level of single particles and single molecules, understanding the nature of the interaction of the particles with surfaces and substrates becomes of paramount importance. Here, we present a comprehensive study of motion patterns of colloidal particles maintained in close proximity to a substrate by short molecular tethers (40 nm). The motion of the particles (500-1000 nm) was optically tracked with a very high localization accuracy (below 3 nm). A surprisingly large variation in motion patterns was observed, which can be attributed to properties of the particle-molecule-substrate system, namely the bond number, the nature of the bond, particle protrusions, and substrate nonuniformities. Experimentally observed motion patterns were compared to numerical Monte Carlo simulations, revealing a close correspondence between the observed motion patterns and properties of the molecular system. Particles bound via single tethers show distinct disc-, ring-, and bell-shaped motion patterns, where the ring- and bell-shaped patterns are caused by protrusions on the particle in the direct vicinity of the molecular attachment point. Double and triple tethered particles exhibit stripe-shaped and triangular-shaped motion patterns, respectively. The developed motion pattern analysis allows for discrimination between particles bound by different bond types, which opens the possibility to improve the limit of detection and the dynamic range of bioanalytical assays, with a projected increase of dynamic range by nearly 2 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel W A Visser
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J van IJzendoorn
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Menno W J Prins
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) , Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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168
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Floris R, Nijmeijer K, Cornelissen ER. Removal of aqueous nC60 fullerene from water by low pressure membrane filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 91:115-125. [PMID: 26773485 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential environmental and health risks of engineered nanoparticles such as buckminsterfullerene C60 in water require their removal during the production of drinking water. We present a study focusing on (i) the removal mechanism and (ii) the elucidation of the role of the membrane pore size during removal of nC60 fullerene nanoparticle suspensions in dead-end microfiltration and ultrafiltration mimicking separation in real industrial water treatment plants. Membranes were selected with pore sizes ranging from 18 nm to 500 nm to determine the significance of the nC60 to membrane pore size ratio and the adsorption affinity between nC60 and membrane material during filtration. Experiments were carried out with a dead-end bench-scale system operated at constant flux conditions including a hydraulic backwash cleaning procedure. nC60 nanoparticles can be efficiently removed by low pressure membrane technology with smaller and, unexpectedly, also by mostly similar or larger pores than the particle size, although the nC60 filtration behaviour appeared to be different. The nC60 size to membrane pore size ratio and the ratio of the cake-layer deposition resistance to the clean membrane resistance, both play an important role on the nC60 filtration behaviour and on the efficiency of the backwash procedure recovering the initial membrane filtration conditions. These results become specifically significant in the context of drinking water production, for which they provide relevant information for an accurate selection between membrane processes and operational parameters for the removal of nC60 in the drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Floris
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, PO Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Membrane Science & Technology, University of Twente, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - K Nijmeijer
- Membrane Science & Technology, University of Twente, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - E R Cornelissen
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, PO Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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169
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Sikora A, Shard AG, Minelli C. Size and ζ-Potential Measurement of Silica Nanoparticles in Serum Using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2216-2224. [PMID: 26869024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The contact of nanoparticles with biological fluids such as serum results in rapid adsorption of proteins at the nanoparticle surface in a layer known as the "protein corona". Protein coatings modify and control the behavior of the nanoparticles potentially altering the aggregation state and cellular response, which may influence their fate and hazard to human health. Cells are likely to interact with the protein interface rather than with bare surface; therefore it is important to study the protein layer and develop appropriate measurement tools. In this study we investigate how adsorbed proteins from serum affect the size and the surface charge of plain and aminated silica nanoparticles. Particle size and size distributions in buffer and serum-based biological media were studied using tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), as well as differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Average and single particle ζ-potentials (related to surface charge) were also measured by electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) and TRPS, respectively. Size measurements showed an increase in size of the nanoparticles upon acquisition of a protein layer, thus allowing an estimation of its thickness. DLS proved incapable of providing an accurate measurement of the nanoparticles' size in serum due to the presence of agglomerates. The ability of TRPS to measure sample agglomeration was investigated by comparison with the high resolution technique of DCS. Particle-by-particle ζ-potential measurements by TRPS were consistent with those performed with ELS and allowed a description of the ζ-potential distribution within the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sikora
- Analytical Science, National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G Shard
- Analytical Science, National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Minelli
- Analytical Science, National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, United Kingdom
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170
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Akers JC, Ramakrishnan V, Nolan JP, Duggan E, Fu CC, Hochberg FH, Chen CC, Carter BS. Comparative Analysis of Technologies for Quantifying Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Clinical Cerebrospinal Fluids (CSF). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149866. [PMID: 26901428 PMCID: PMC4763994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising biomarker platform for glioblastoma patients. However, the optimal method for quantitative assessment of EVs in clinical bio-fluid remains a point of contention. Multiple high-resolution platforms for quantitative EV analysis have emerged, including methods grounded in diffraction measurement of Brownian motion (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), vesicle flow cytometry (VFC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here we compared quantitative EV assessment using cerebrospinal fluids derived from glioblastoma patients using these methods. For EVs <150 nm in diameter, NTA detected more EVs than TRPS in three of the four samples tested. VFC particle counts are consistently 2–3 fold lower than NTA and TRPS, suggesting contribution of protein aggregates or other non-lipid particles to particle count by these platforms. While TEM yield meaningful data in terms of the morphology, its particle count are consistently two orders of magnitude lower relative to counts generated by NTA and TRPS. For larger particles (>150 nm in diameter), NTA consistently detected lower number of EVs relative to TRPS. These results unveil the strength and pitfalls of each quantitative method alone for assessing EVs derived from clinical cerebrospinal fluids and suggest that thoughtful synthesis of multi-platform quantitation will be required to guide meaningful clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny C. Akers
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-Oncology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Valya Ramakrishnan
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-Oncology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John P. Nolan
- Scintillon Institute for Biomedical and Bioenergy Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Erika Duggan
- Scintillon Institute for Biomedical and Bioenergy Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Fred H. Hochberg
- Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clark C. Chen
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-Oncology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-Oncology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
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171
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Multimodal Dispersion of Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Size Distribution with 9 Size Measurement Methods. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1220-34. [PMID: 26864858 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of particle size distribution (PSD) of multimodal dispersion of nanoparticles is a difficult task due to inherent limitations of size measurement methods. The present work reports the evaluation of PSD of a dispersion of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles decorated with dextran known as multimodal and developed as nanomedecine. METHODS The nine methods used were classified as batch particle i.e. Static Light Scattering (SLS) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), single particle i.e. Electron Microscopy (EM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and separative particle i.e. Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation coupled with DLS (AsFlFFF) size measurement methods. RESULTS The multimodal dispersion was identified using AFM, TRPS and NTA and results were consistent with those provided with the method based on a separation step prior to on-line size measurements. None of the light scattering batch methods could reveal the complexity of the PSD of the dispersion. CONCLUSIONS Difference between PSD obtained from all size measurement methods tested suggested that study of the PSD of multimodal dispersion required to analyze samples by at least one of the single size particle measurement method or a method that uses a separation step prior PSD measurement.
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172
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Enumeration of extracellular vesicles by a new improved flow cytometric method is comparable to fluorescence mode nanoparticle tracking analysis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:977-986. [PMID: 26767510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, use of EVs as biomarkers has been hampered by limitations of current detection and enumeration methods. We compared fluorescence-threshold flow cytometry (FT-FC) to nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) for enumeration of cell culture-derived EVs. FT-FC and NTA utilising fluorescence mode (F-NTA) enumerated similar numbers of EVs stained with a membrane dye PKH67. Both methods were sufficiently sensitive to detect cell-derived EVs above the background of culture medium. Light scatter NTA (LS-NTA) detected 10-100× more particles than either fluorescence-based method but demonstrated poor specificity. F-NTA appeared to have better sensitivity for <100nm vesicles, however, the FT-FC method combined direct enumeration of EVs with high sensitivity and specificity in the >100nm range. Due to wider availability and higher degree of automation and standardisation, FT-FC is a reasonable surrogate to F-NTA for quantification of EVs. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Extracellular vesicles are small particles, which can act as tools for intercellular communication. One recent area of interest in EVs is their potentials as biomarkers. In this article, the authors investigated and compared fluorescence-threshold flow cytometry (FT-FC) to nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) for the detection of EVs and showed that FT- FC method could be more advantageous. This technique should provide a new alternative for the future.
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173
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Babick F, Mielke J, Wohlleben W, Weigel S, Hodoroaba VD. How reliably can a material be classified as a nanomaterial? Available particle-sizing techniques at work. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 18:158. [PMID: 27375365 PMCID: PMC4908171 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-016-3461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Currently established and projected regulatory frameworks require the classification of materials (whether nano or non-nano) as specified by respective definitions, most of which are based on the size of the constituent particles. This brings up the question if currently available techniques for particle size determination are capable of reliably classifying materials that potentially fall under these definitions. In this study, a wide variety of characterisation techniques, including counting, fractionating, and spectroscopic techniques, has been applied to the same set of materials under harmonised conditions. The selected materials comprised well-defined quality control materials (spherical, monodisperse) as well as industrial materials of complex shapes and considerable polydispersity. As a result, each technique could be evaluated with respect to the determination of the number-weighted median size. Recommendations on the most appropriate and efficient use of techniques for different types of material are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Babick
- />Research Group of Mechanical Process Engineering, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttechnik, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Mielke
- />Division 6.8 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- />Department of Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Weigel
- />RIKILT – Wageningen UR, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- />Division 6.8 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
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174
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L. Gunsolus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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175
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Conners CM, Bhethanabotla VR, Gupta VK. Concentration-dependent effects of alendronate and pamidronate functionalized gold nanoparticles on osteoclast and osteoblast viability. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:21-29. [PMID: 26372402 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe osteoporotic diseases, such as Paget's disease, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, and Legg Calve Perthes disease, lack treatments that address the pathobiology of the diseases, as well as, long-term and prospective studies. Bisphosphonates, which are known to dramatically hinder the viability of osteoclast cells, along with gold nanoparticles (GNP) are a potential theranostic for osteoporotic diseases. We evaluated GNP functionalized with two different bisphosphonates, namely, alendronate and pamidronate. RANKL differentiated murine pre-osteoclasts (Raw 264.7) and murine osteoblasts (7F2) were treated with varying concentrations ranging from 0.1-5 µM of free and GNP bound bisphosphonates. GNPs with an average size of ∼15 nm were functionalized with alendronate and pamidronate through surface modification by self-assembly. MTT viability assay results show no changes in viability of the osteoclasts when treated with free bisphosphonates in the range of 1-5 µM, but significant decrease on treatment with functionalized GNP at concentrations above the range of 0.1-1 µM depending on the bisphosphonate. Osteoblast cell viability is maintained at all but the highest concentrations used. Qualitative and quantitative characterization by Western Blot for RANKL expression in the osteoblast cell line shows that expression is largely maintained. These results provide a basis for methods that use bisphosphonate functionalized GNP in the treatment of osteoporotic bone diseases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 21-29, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Conners
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Venkat R Bhethanabotla
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Vinay K Gupta
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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176
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Angeli E, Volpe A, Fanzio P, Repetto L, Firpo G, Guida P, Savio RL, Wanunu M, Valbusa U. Simultaneous Electro-Optical Tracking for Nanoparticle Recognition and Counting. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5696-5701. [PMID: 26225640 PMCID: PMC5146980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the first detailed experimental observation and analysis of nanoparticle electrophoresis through a nanochannel obtained with synchronous high-bandwidth electrical and camera recordings. Optically determined particle diffusion coefficients agree with values extracted from fitting electrical transport measurements to distributions from 1D Fokker-Planck diffusion-drift theory. This combined tracking strategy enables optical recognition and electrical characterization of nanoparticles in solution, which can have a broad range of applications in biology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Angeli
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Corresponding Authors. ,
| | - Andrea Volpe
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Fanzio
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Repetto
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Firpo
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Guida
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Savio
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Meni Wanunu
- Department of Physics and Chemistry/Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, United States
- Corresponding Authors. ,
| | - Ugo Valbusa
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
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177
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Pal AK, Bello D, Cohen J, Demokritou P. Implications of in vitro dosimetry on toxicological ranking of low aspect ratio engineered nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:871-85. [PMID: 25672815 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.986670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro high throughput screening platforms based on mechanistic injury pathways are been used for hazard assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENM). Toxicity screening and other in vitro nanotoxicology assessment efforts in essence compare and rank nanomaterials relative to each other. We hypothesize that this ranking of ENM is susceptible to dispersion and dosimetry protocols, which continue to be poorly standardized. Our objective was to quantitate the impact of dosimetry on toxicity ranking of ENM. A set of eight well-characterized and diverse low aspect ratio ENMs, were utilized. The recently developed in vitro dosimetry platform at Harvard, which includes preparation of fairly monodispersed suspensions, measurement of the effective density of formed agglomerates in culture media and fate and transport modeling was used for calculating the effective dose delivered to cells as a function of time. Changes in the dose-response relationships between the administered and delivered dose were investigated with two representative endpoints, cell viability and IL-8 production, in the human monocytic THP-1 cells. The slopes of administered/delivered dose-response relationships changed 1:4.94 times and were ENM-dependent. The overall relative ranking of ENM intrinsic toxicity also changed considerably, matching notably better the in vivo inflammation data (R(2 )= 0.97 versus 0.64). This standardized dispersion and dosimetry methodology presented here is generalizable to low aspect ratio ENMs. Our findings further reinforce the need to reanalyze and reinterpret in vitro ENM hazard ranking data published in the nanotoxicology literature in the light of dispersion and dosimetry considerations (or lack thereof) and to adopt these protocols in future in vitro nanotoxicology testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop K Pal
- a Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts , Lowell , MA , USA .,c Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- b Department of Work Environment , College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts , Lowell , MA , USA , and.,c Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Joel Cohen
- c Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- c Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
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178
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Zhou C, Krueger AB, Barnard JG, Qi W, Carpenter JF. Characterization of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis for Quantification and Sizing of Submicron Particles of Therapeutic Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2441-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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179
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Anusha J, Fleming AT, Kim HJ, Kim BC, Yu KH, Raj CJ. Effective immobilization of glucose oxidase on chitosan submicron particles from gladius of Todarodes pacificus for glucose sensing. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 104:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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180
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Wang Q, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Duan Y. Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: Design and interactions with hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2015; 56:229-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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181
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Anderson W, Lane R, Korbie D, Trau M. Observations of Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing for Exosome Analysis: Improving System Sensitivity and Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6577-87. [PMID: 25970769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Size distribution and concentration measurements of exosomes are essential when investigating their cellular function and uptake. Recently, a particle size distribution and concentration measurement platform known as tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) has seen increased use for the characterization of exosome samples. TRPS measures the brief increase in electrical resistance (a resistive pulse) produced by individual submicrometer/nanoscale particles as they translocate through a size-tunable submicrometer/micrometer-sized pore, embedded in an elastic membrane. Unfortunately, TRPS measurements are susceptible to issues surrounding system stability, where the pore can become blocked by particles, and sensitivity issues, where particles are too small to be detected against the background noise of the system. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the parameters involved in TRPS exosome measurements and demonstrate the ability to improve system sensitivity and stability by the optimization of system parameters. We also provide the first analysis of system noise, sensitivity cutoff limits, and accuracy with respect to exosome measurements and offer an explicit definition of system sensitivity that indicates the smallest particle diameter that can be detected within the noise of the trans-membrane current. A comparison of exosome size measurements from both TRPS and cryo-electron microscopy is also provided, finding that a significant number of smaller exosomes fell below the detection limit of the TRPS platform and offering one potential insight as to why there is such large variability in the exosome size distribution reported in the literature. We believe the observations reported here may assist others in improving TRPS measurements for exosome samples and other submicrometer biological and nonbiological particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Anderson
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Rebecca Lane
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Darren Korbie
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
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182
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Sediq AS, Nejadnik MR, El Bialy I, Witkamp GJ, Jiskoot W. Protein–polyelectrolyte interactions: Monitoring particle formation and growth by nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow imaging microscopy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:339-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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183
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Parida BK, Garrastazu H, Aden JK, Cap AP, McFaul SJ. Silica microspheres are superior to polystyrene for microvesicle analysis by flow cytometry. Thromb Res 2015; 135:1000-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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184
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Weatherall E, Willmott GR. Conductive and Biphasic Pulses in Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5328-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Weatherall
- The MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical
and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31-310, Lower
Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Geoff R. Willmott
- The MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical
and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- The
Departments of Physics and Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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185
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Konokhova AI, Chernova DN, Moskalensky AE, Strokotov DI, Yurkin MA, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP. Super-resolved calibration-free flow cytometric characterization of platelets and cell-derived microparticles in platelet-rich plasma. Cytometry A 2015; 89:159-68. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darya N. Chernova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Alexander E. Moskalensky
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Dmitry I. Strokotov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University; 630091 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Maxim A. Yurkin
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Andrei V. Chernyshev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Valeri P. Maltsev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University; 630091 Novosibirsk Russia
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186
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Analysis of protein coatings on gold nanoparticles by XPS and liquid-based particle sizing techniques. Biointerphases 2015; 10:019012. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4913566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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187
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Akpinar F, Yin J. Characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus populations by tunable resistive pulse sensing. J Virol Methods 2015; 218:71-6. [PMID: 25698465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has historically been the method of choice to estimate concentrations of virus and virus-like particles, these measures can often be time-consuming and labor-intensive to perform. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) is an emerging method that applies principles of Coulter counting to nanoscale particles and may provide a simpler and higher-throughput alternative to TEM for the quantitation of virus populations. To assess the performance of TRPS compared to TEM, the samples of polymer spheres at a diameter of 100nm and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were characterized using both techniques. TRPS was able to quantify concentrations down to 10(7)particles/ml, providing nearly 50-fold larger measurement range, and more reproducible counts than TEM. Total-to-infectious particle ratio of VSV populations as measured by TRPS and plaque assay suggested that each VSV particle is infectious. In addition to particle counts, TRPS successfully measured particle size distributions based on hundreds of particles. Such high throughput sustained by TRPS can assist quantitative characterization of virus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Akpinar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Systems Biology Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - John Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Systems Biology Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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188
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de Oliveira JL, Campos EVR, Gonçalves da Silva CM, Pasquoto T, Lima R, Fraceto LF. Solid lipid nanoparticles co-loaded with simazine and atrazine: preparation, characterization, and evaluation of herbicidal activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:422-32. [PMID: 25537071 DOI: 10.1021/jf5059045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing the herbicides atrazine and simazine were prepared and characterized, and in vitro evaluation was made of the release kinetics, herbicidal activity, and cytotoxicity. The stability of the nanoparticles was investigated over a period of 120 days, via analyses of particle size, ζ potential, polydispersion, pH, and encapsulation efficiency. SLN showed good physicochemical stability and high encapsulation efficiencies. Release kinetics tests showed that use of SLN modified the release profiles of the herbicides in water. Herbicidal activity assays performed with pre- and postemergence treatment of the target species Raphanus raphanistrum showed the effectiveness of the formulations of nanoparticles containing herbicides. Assays with nontarget organisms (Zea mays) showed that the formulations did not affect plant growth. The results of cytotoxicity assays indicated that the presence of SLN acted to reduce the toxicity of the herbicides. The new nanoparticle formulations enable the use of smaller quantities of herbicide and therefore offer a more environmentally friendly method of controlling weeds in agriculture.
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189
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Hassan PA, Rana S, Verma G. Making sense of Brownian motion: colloid characterization by dynamic light scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3-12. [PMID: 25050712 DOI: 10.1021/la501789z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) has evolved as a fast, convenient tool for particle size analysis of noninteracting spherical colloids. In this historical review, we discuss the basic principle, data analysis, and important precautions to be taken while analyzing colloids using DLS. The effect of particle interaction, polydispersity, anisotropy, light absorption, and so forth, on measured diffusion coefficient is discussed. New developments in this area such as diffusing wave spectroscopy, particle tracking analysis, microrheological studies using DLS, and so forth, are discussed in a manner that can be understood by a beginner.
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190
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Analysis of exosome purification methods using a model liposome system and tunable-resistive pulse sensing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7639. [PMID: 25559219 PMCID: PMC4648344 DOI: 10.1038/srep07639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles which have garnered interest due to their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Isolation of pure yields of exosomes from complex biological fluids whilst preserving their physical characteristics is critical for downstream applications. In this study, we use 100 nm-liposomes from 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol as a model system as a model system to assess the effect of exosome isolation protocols on vesicle recovery and size distribution using a single-particle analysis method. We demonstrate that liposome size distribution and ζ-potential are comparable to extracted exosomes, making them an ideal model for comparison studies. Four different purification protocols were evaluated, with liposomes robustly isolated by three of them. Recovered yields varied and liposome size distribution was unaltered during processing, suggesting that these protocols do not induce particle aggregation. This leads us to conclude that the size distribution profile and characteristics of vesicles are stably maintained during processing and purification, suggesting that reports detailing how exosomes derived from tumour cells differ in size to those from normal cells are reporting a real phenomenon. However, we hypothesize that larger particles present in most purified exosome samples represent co-purified contaminating non-exosome debris. These isolation techniques are therefore likely nonspecific and may co-isolate non-exosome material of similar physical properties.
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191
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192
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Case Study – Characterization of Nanomaterials in Food Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-099948-7.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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193
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Cheung AKL, Yang AKL, Ngai BH, Yu SSC, Gao M, Lau PM, Kong SK. Quantitative detection of eryptosis in human erythrocytes using tunable resistive pulse sensing and annexin-V-beads. Analyst 2015; 140:1337-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel assay using the quantitative tunable resistive pulse sensing technique to detect eryptosis in human RBCs in a non-optical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K. L. Cheung
- Program of Biochemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- Hong Kong
| | - Alice K. L. Yang
- Program of Biochemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- Hong Kong
| | - Brandon H. Ngai
- Program of Biochemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- Hong Kong
| | - Samuel S. C. Yu
- Lincoln University
- Christchurch
- New Zealand
- Izon Science
- Harewood
| | - M. Gao
- Program of Biochemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- Hong Kong
| | - P. M. Lau
- Program of Biochemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- Hong Kong
| | - S. K. Kong
- Program of Biochemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- Hong Kong
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194
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Dudkiewicz A, Wagner S, Lehner A, Chaudhry Q, Pietravalle S, Tiede K, Boxall ABA, Allmaier G, Tiede D, Grombe R, von der Kammer F, Hofmann T, Mølhave K. A uniform measurement expression for cross method comparison of nanoparticle aggregate size distributions. Analyst 2015; 140:5257-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00561b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Measurement methods produce incomparable results when applied to aggregated nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dudkiewicz
- The Food and Environment Research Agency
- York Y041 1LZ
- UK
- The University of York
- York
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Environmental Geosciences
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Angela Lehner
- Reasearch group Bio- and Polymer Analysis
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | | | | | - Karen Tiede
- The Food and Environment Research Agency
- York Y041 1LZ
- UK
| | | | - Guenter Allmaier
- Reasearch group Bio- and Polymer Analysis
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Dirk Tiede
- Department of Geoinformatics - Z_GIS
- University of Salzburg
- A-5020 Salzburg
- Austria
| | - Ringo Grombe
- Joint Research Centre
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements
- Geel 2440
- Belgium
| | | | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Kristian Mølhave
- Deptartment of Micro and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
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195
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Driscoll DF, Nicoli DF. Analytical Methods for Determining the Size (Distribution) in Parenteral Dispersions. NON-BIOLOGICAL COMPLEX DRUGS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16241-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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196
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Abstract
This Review focusses on the recent surge in applied research using tunable resistive pulse sensing, a technique used to analyse submicron colloids in aqueous solutions on a particle-by-particle basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Weatherall
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- Callaghan Innovation
| | - Geoff R. Willmott
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- The Departments of Physics and Chemistry
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197
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Maas SLN, de Vrij J, van der Vlist EJ, Geragousian B, van Bloois L, Mastrobattista E, Schiffelers RM, Wauben MHM, Broekman MLD, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM. Possibilities and limitations of current technologies for quantification of biological extracellular vesicles and synthetic mimics. J Control Release 2014; 200:87-96. [PMID: 25555362 PMCID: PMC4324667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nano-sized extracelullar vesicles (EVs) released by various cell types play important roles in a plethora of (patho)physiological processes and are increasingly recognized as biomarkers for disease. In addition, engineered EV and EV-inspired liposomes hold great potential as drug delivery systems. Major technologies developed for high-throughput analysis of individual EV include nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (tRPS) and high-resolution flow cytometry (hFC). Currently, there is a need for comparative studies on the available technologies to improve standardization of vesicle analysis in diagnostic or therapeutic settings. We investigated the possibilities, limitations and comparability of NTA, tRPS and hFC for analysis of tumor cell-derived EVs and synthetic mimics (i.e. differently sized liposomes). NTA and tRPS instrument settings were identified that significantly affected the quantification of these particles. Furthermore, we detailed the differences in absolute quantification of EVs and liposomes using the three technologies. This study increases our understanding of possibilities and pitfalls of NTA, tRPS and hFC, which will benefit standardized and large-scale clinical application of (engineered) EVs and EV-mimics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Els J van der Vlist
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Biaina Geragousian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis van Bloois
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther N M Nolte-'t Hoen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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198
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van der Meel R, Krawczyk-Durka M, van Solinge WW, Schiffelers RM. Toward routine detection of extracellular vesicles in clinical samples. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 36:244-53. [PMID: 24750670 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The majority, if not all, of human cell types secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) into their environment, at least partly as a means of intercellular communication. These secreted vesicles can be detected in most bodily fluids including blood, urine, and saliva. The number of secreted vesicles and their composition is altered in various pathological conditions, raising opportunities to exploit EVs as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. For this to become a reality, it is important to reach consensus regarding the standardization of protocols for sample collection, EV isolation, handling, and storage for valid comparison and interpretation of measurements. Depending on the information required, there are several detection options including EV number and size distribution, molecular surface markers, procoagulation activity, and RNA content. For these purposes, different techniques are currently utilized or under development. This review discusses the techniques that have the potential to become standard EV detection methods in a clinical diagnostic setting. In addition to the accuracy of the detection technique, other factors such as high-throughput, cost-effectiveness, time consumption, and required operator skill are important to consider. A combination of increasing fundamental knowledge, technological progress, standardization of sample collection, and processing protocols is required for EVs to become reliable predictors of altered physiology or development of disease suitable for routine clinical diagnostics. Cancer and (cardio)vascular disorders are examples of pathologies where EV detection may be applied in the near future for diagnosis and/or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van der Meel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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199
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Cascio C, Gilliland D, Rossi F, Calzolai L, Contado C. Critical experimental evaluation of key methods to detect, size and quantify nanoparticulate silver. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12143-51. [PMID: 25393334 DOI: 10.1021/ac503307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Different analytical techniques, sedimentation flow field fractionation (SdFFF), asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4), centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) have been used to give complementary size information about suspensions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the size range of 20-100 nm by taking advantage of the different physical principles on which are based. Particle morphology was controlled by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). Both SdFFF and AF4 were able to accurately size all AgNPs; among sedimentation based techniques, CLS underestimated the average sizes of larger samples (70 and 100 nm), but it produced the best separation of bimodal mixtures Ag40/60 and Ag40/70 mix compared to SdFFF. On the contrary, DLS overestimated the average sizes of the smallest samples (20 and 30 nm) and it was unable to deal with bimodal mixtures. Quantitative mass and number particle size distributions were also calculated starting from UV-vis signals and ICP-MS data and the results evaluated as a means to address the issue of determining nanoparticle size distributions as required for implementation of European regulations relating to labeling of nanomaterials in consumer products. The results are discussed in light of possible particle aggregation state, analysis repeatability, size resolution and quantitative recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cascio
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission , Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
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200
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Tietje A, Maron KN, Wei Y, Feliciano DM. Cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles undergo age dependent declines and contain known and novel non-coding RNAs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113116. [PMID: 25420022 PMCID: PMC4242609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain development requires precise orchestration of cellular events through the coordinate exchange of information between distally located cells. One mechanism by which intercellular communication is achieved is through the transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are EVs that carry lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins and are detectable in most biological fluids including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here we report that CSF EV concentrations undergo age dependent fluctuations. We characterized EV RNA content by next generation small RNA sequencing and miRNA microarray analysis and identified a temporal shift in CSF EV content. CSF EVs encapsulated miRNAs that contain a conserved hnRNPA2/B1 recognition sequence. We found that hnRNPA2/B1-containing EVs were produced by choroid plexus epithelial cells and that hnRNPA2/B1 containing EVs decreased with age. These results provide insight into EV exchange of miRNAs within the central nervous system and a framework to understand how changes in EVs may have an important impact on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Tietje
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kourtney N. Maron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yanzhang Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Feliciano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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