151
|
Kim SM, Lee BN, Koh JT, Chang HS, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Min KS, Hwang YC. The effect of chlormadinone acetate on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28549486 PMCID: PMC5446736 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlormadinone acetate (CMA) is a derivative of progesterone and is used as an oral contraceptive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CMA on odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and related signaling pathways. Methods Cell viability was determined by the water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay. Odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction using odontogenic marker genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1). Mineralization of hDPCs was evaluated by ALP staining and alizarin red staining. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was examined by Western blot analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in cell viability between the control and CMA-treated groups. Our analysis of odontogenic marker genes indicated that CMA enhanced the expression of those genes. CMA-treated hDPCs showed increased ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules, compared with control-treated cells. In addition, CMA stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of ERK and resulted in inhibition of downstream molecules by the ERK inhibitor U0126. Conclusions These findings suggest that CMA improves odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs through the ERK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54907, Korea.
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea. .,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Cell responses to cariogenic microorganisms and dental resin materials—Crosstalk at the dentin-pulp interface? Dent Mater 2017; 33:514-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
153
|
Overexpression of Sp7 in odontoblasts results in dentinogenesis imperfecta due to the inhibition of odontoblast maturation. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
154
|
He X, Jiang W, Luo Z, Qu T, Wang Z, Liu N, Zhang Y, Cooper PR, He W. IFN-γ regulates human dental pulp stem cells behavior via NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40681. [PMID: 28098169 PMCID: PMC5241669 DOI: 10.1038/srep40681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During caries, dental pulp expresses a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to the infectious challenge. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine, which is critical for immune responses. Previous study has demonstrated that IFN-γ at relative high concentration (100 ng/mL) treatment improved the impaired dentinogenic and immunosuppressive regulatory functions of disease-derived dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, little is known about the regulatory effects of IFN-γ at relative low concentration on healthy DPSC behavior (including proliferation, migration, and multiple-potential differentiation). Here we demonstrate that IFN-γ at relatively low concentrations (0.5 ng/mL) promoted the proliferation and migration of DPSCs, but abrogated odonto/osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, we identified that NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways are both involved in the process of IFN-γ-regulated odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. DPSCs treated with IFN-γ and supplemented with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor) or SB203580 (a MAPK inhibitor) showed significantly improved potential for odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs both in vivo and in vitro. These data provide important insight into the regulatory effects of IFN-γ on the biological behavior of DPSCs and indicate a promising therapeutic strategy for dentin/pulp tissue engineering in future endodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhirong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Tiejun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK
| | - Wenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Wang F, Li Y, Yang Z, Lu K, Zuo J, Zhou Z. Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on a Rat Model of Dentin-Dental Pulp Injury and Repair. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:163-175. [PMID: 27814934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated histopathologic changes in dental pulp after treatment with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). Fifty rats were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 25) and a blank control group (n = 25). In the experimental group, a cavity was prepared in the bilateral maxillary first molars. The upper right first molars were stimulated with LIPUS (30 mW/cm2, 1.5 MHz) for 20 min/d. The cavities prepared in the left teeth were used as experimental controls (i.e., no LIPUS). Five rats in each group were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14. Inflammatory response was visible at different time points after cavity preparation, peaking at day 3, after which it gradually weakened. More reparative dentin was found on the LIPUS treatment side. transforming growth factor-β1 expression increased after treatment, peaking at day 5 and returning to normal at day 14 on both sides, but was stronger with LIPUS treatment. SMAD2 and SMAD3 expressions in the dental pulp gradually increased after cavity preparation, especially in the experimental group. LIPUS promoted the repair of dentin-pulp complex injury, to a certain extent and should be investigated further as a potential therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueheng Li
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Lu
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zuo
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: A Perspective from Stem Cell Niche Biology. J Endod 2017; 43:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
157
|
Shi L, Fu S, Fahim S, Pan S, Lina H, Mu X, Niu Y. TNF-alpha stimulation increases dental pulp stem cell migration in vitro through integrin alpha-6 subunit upregulation. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 75:48-54. [PMID: 28043012 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dissemination of stem cells into tissues requiring inflammatory and reparative response is fundamentally dependent upon their chemotactic migration. Expression of TNF-α is up regulated in inflamed pulps. Dental pulp cells are also known to express integrin α6 subunit. Expression of integrin subunit α6 has been linked to the acquisition of migratory potential in a wide variety of cell types in both pathological and physiological capacities. Therefore, in this study we examined the effects of a pleiotropic cytokine TNF-α on the migration of hDPSCs and investigated its relationship with expression of integrin α6 in hDPSCs during chemotactic migration. DESIGN hDPSC cultures were established. Protein expression profile of α6 integrin subunit was determined. Effect of exogenous TNF-α (50ng/mL) on hDPSCs' migration potential was evaluated by transwell inserts and in vitro scratch assay. Upregulation/downregulation of TNF-α mediated migration was assayed in presence/absence of integrin α6 respectively. To suppress integrin α6 expression, cells were transfected with integrin α6 siRNA and then cell migration and cytoskeletal changes were evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed significant increase of hDPSCs' migration after stimulation with TNF-α. By knockdown of integrin α6, which is upregulated by TNF-α, we observed a decrease in the TNF-α directed chemotaxis of hDPSCs. CONCLUSION In this study, we show that activation of integrin α6 brought about by TNF-α led to an increase in migratory activity in DPSCs in vitro thus describing a novel association between a cytokine TNF-α and α6 chain of an adhesion receptor integrin in regulating migration of hDPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China; Oral Biomedical Research Institute of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Shanqi Fu
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Sidra Fahim
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China; Oral Biomedical Research Institute of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - He Lina
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Xiaodan Mu
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yumei Niu
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China; Oral Biomedical Research Institute of Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Benson KF, Newman RA, Jensen GS. Water-soluble egg membrane enhances the immunoactivating properties of an Aloe vera-based extract of Nerium oleander leaves. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:393-403. [PMID: 27843333 PMCID: PMC5098409 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate a blend of two natural ingredients on immune parameters relevant for their current topical use and potential support of microcirculation in skin tissue. Materials and methods A blend (BL) of Aloe vera-based Nerium oleander extract (NAE-8i, oleandrin-free) and hydrolyzed water-soluble egg membrane (WSEM) was applied to human whole-blood cultures for 24 hours, with each separate ingredient serving as a control. Immune-cell subsets were analyzed for expression levels of the activation markers CD69 and CD25. Culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokines, chemokines, and immunoregulating peptides. Results BL increased CD69 expression on lymphocytes, monocytes, and CD3–CD56+ natural killer cells, and CD25 expression on natural killer cells. The number of CD69+CD25+ lymphocytes increased in cultures treated with BL and the separate ingredients. BL triggered production of multiple cytokines and chemokines, where CC chemokines MIP1α and MIP3α, as well as cytokines involved in wound healing – Groα, Groβ, ENA78, and fractalkine – reached levels manyfold above treatment with either NAE-8i or WSEM alone. Conclusion Data on BL showed that WSEM strongly enhanced NAE-8i’s effects on immunoactivation in vitro. This has potential relevance for support of immunity in skin tissue, including antibacterial and antiviral defense mechanisms, wrinkle reduction, and wound care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Nerium Biotechnology Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
159
|
Vargas FDS, Soares DG, Basso FG, Hebling J, Costa CADS. Dose-response and time-course of α-tocoferol mediating the cytoprotection of dental pulp cells against hydrogen peroxide. Braz Dent J 2016; 25:367-71. [PMID: 25517769 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the potential protective effect of vitamin E alpha-tocopherol (α-T) isomer against the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide (HP) applied on dental pulp cells. Odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells were seeded on 96-well plates for 72 h, treated with different concentrations of α-T (1, 3, 5, and 10 mM) for different times (1, 4, 8, and 24 h) and then exposed or not to a 0.018% HP solution for 30 min. In positive and negative control groups, cells were exposed to HP or culture medium (DMEM containing 5% DMSO), respectively. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay and the absorbance numeric data, expressed as percentage values, were subjected to the statistical analysis by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=5%). Considering the cells in the negative control as having 100% of cell viability, all combinations of α-T concentrations and pretreatment times showed a protective effect against HP cytotoxicity. Significant reduction of cell viability (59%) was observed in the positive control compared with the negative control. The highest values of pulp cell viability were obtained after pretreatment with 1 and 3 mM α-T concentrations for 24 h followed by exposure to HP (126% and 97% of cell viability, respectively). Under the tested conditions, the most effective cell protection against the cytotoxic effects of HP was provided by the lowest concentrations of α-T (1 and 3 mM) applied for 24 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda da Silveira Vargas
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Distorted Patterns of Dentinogenesis and Eruption in Msx2 Null Mutants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2577-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
161
|
Antibacterial activity of a modified unfilled resin containing a novel polymerizable quaternary ammonium salt MAE-HB. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33858. [PMID: 27659279 PMCID: PMC5034341 DOI: 10.1038/srep33858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Resins with strong and long-lasting antibacterial properties are critical for the prevention of secondary dental caries. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effect and the underlying mechanism of action of an unfilled resin incorporating 2-methacryloxylethyl hexadecyl methyl ammonium bromide (MAE-HB) against Streptococcus mutans UA159 (S. mutans UA159). MAE-HB was added into unfilled resin at 10 mass%, and unfilled resin without MAE-HB served as the control. Bacterial growth was inhibited on 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin compared with the control at 1 d, 7 d, 30 d, or 180 d (P < 0.05). The growth inhibitory effect was independent of the incubation time (P > 0.05). No significant differences in the antibacterial activities of eluents from control versus 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resins were observed at any time point (P > 0.05). The number of bacteria attached to 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin was considerably lower than that to control. Fe-SEM and CLSM showed that 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin disturbed the integrity of bacterial cells. Expression of the bacterial glucosyltransferases, gtfB and gtfC, was lower on 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin compared to that on control (P < 0.05). These data indicate that incorporation of MAE-HB confers unfilled resin with strong and long-lasting antibacterial effects against S. mutans.
Collapse
|
162
|
Colombo JS, Moore AN, Hartgerink JD, D'Souza RN. Scaffolds to control inflammation and facilitate dental pulp regeneration. J Endod 2016; 40:S6-12. [PMID: 24698696 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In dentistry, the maintenance of a vital dental pulp is of paramount importance because teeth devitalized by root canal treatment may become more brittle and prone to structural failure over time. Advanced carious lesions can irreversibly damage the dental pulp by propagating a sustained inflammatory response throughout the tissue. Although the inflammatory response initially drives tissue repair, sustained inflammation has an enormously destructive effect on the vital pulp, eventually leading to total necrosis of the tissue and necessitating its removal. The implications of tooth devitalization have driven significant interest in the development of bioactive materials that facilitate the regeneration of damaged pulp tissues by harnessing the capacity of the dental pulp for self-repair. In considering the process by which pulpitis drives tissue destruction, it is clear that an important step in supporting the regeneration of pulpal tissues is the attenuation of inflammation. Macrophages, key mediators of the immune response, may play a critical role in the resolution of pulpitis because of their ability to switch to a proresolution phenotype. This process can be driven by the resolvins, a family of molecules derived from fatty acids that show great promise as therapeutic agents. In this review, we outline the importance of preserving the capacity of the dental pulp to self-repair through the rapid attenuation of inflammation. Potential treatment modalities, such as shifting macrophages to a proresolving phenotype with resolvins are described, and a range of materials known to support the regeneration of dental pulp are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Colombo
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Amanda N Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Rena N D'Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. RD'
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Lee S, Zhang QZ, Karabucak B, Le AD. DPSCs from Inflamed Pulp Modulate Macrophage Function via the TNF-α/IDO Axis. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1274-81. [PMID: 27384335 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516657817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be isolated from inflamed pulp derived from carious teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (I-DPSCs), which possess stemness and multidifferentiation potentials similar to DPSCs from healthy pulp. Since macrophages-essential cell players of the pulpal innate immunity-can regulate pulpal inflammation and repair, the authors investigated the immunomodulatory effects of DPSCs/I-DPSCs on macrophage functions and their underlying mechanisms. Similar to DPSCs, I-DPSCs were capable of colony-forming efficiency and adipogenic and osteo/dentinogenic differentiation under in vitro induction conditions. I-DPSCs also expressed a similar phenotypic profile of mesenchymal stem cell markers, except a relatively higher level of CD146 as compared with DPSCs. Coculture of DPSCs or I-DPSCs with differentiated THP-1 cells, the human monocyte cell line, markedly suppressed tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and/or nigericin. However, unlike TNF-α, the secreted level of interleukin 1β was not affected by coculture with DPSCs or I-DPSCs. Furthermore, DPSC/I-DPSC-mediated inhibition of TNF-α secretion by macrophages was abolished by pretreatment with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan, a specific inhibitor of indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), but not by NSC-398, a specific inhibitor of COX-2, suggesting IDO as a mediator. Interestingly, IDO expression was significantly augmented in macrophages and mesenchymal stromal cells in inflamed human pulp tissues. Collectively, these findings show that I-DPSCs, similar to DPSCs, possess stem cell properties and suppress macrophage functions via the TNF-α/IDO axis, thereby providing a physiologically relevant context for their innate immunomodulatory activity in the dental pulp and their capability for pulp repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Q Z Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B Karabucak
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A D Le
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Caviedes-Bucheli J, Gomez-Sosa JF, Azuero-Holguin MM, Ormeño-Gomez M, Pinto-Pascual V, Munoz HR. Angiogenic mechanisms of human dental pulp and their relationship with substance P expression in response to occlusal trauma. Int Endod J 2016; 50:339-351. [PMID: 26953220 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels based on a pre-existing vasculature. It comprises two processes, sprouting of endothelial cells and the division of vessels due to abnormal growth of the microvasculature. It has been demonstrated that substance P (SP) can induce angiogenesis either by modulating endothelial cell growth (direct mechanism) or by attracting cells with angiogenic potential to the injury site (indirect mechanism). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the angiogenic mechanisms that regulate mineralized tissue formation in human dental pulp tissue and their relationship with SP expression as a defence response to stimuli such as the masticatory function and occlusal trauma. Articles included in this review were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases, combining the following keywords: human dentine pulp, angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors, neuropeptides, substance P, neurogenic inflammation, dentine matrix, dentinogenesis, occlusal trauma and dental occlusion. It is concluded that human dental pulp tissue responds to occlusal trauma and masticatory function with a neurogenic inflammatory phenomenon in which SP plays an important role in the direct and indirect mechanisms of angiogenesis by the action evoked via NK1 receptors at different cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells, leading to new blood vessel formation which are needed to stimulate mineralized tissue formation as a defence mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Caviedes-Bucheli
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - J F Gomez-Sosa
- Department of Endodontics, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M M Azuero-Holguin
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Ormeño-Gomez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - V Pinto-Pascual
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - H R Munoz
- Postgraduate Department of Endodontics, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Gu S, Ran S, Liu B, Liang J. miR-152 induces human dental pulp stem cell senescence by inhibiting SIRT7 expression. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1123-31. [PMID: 26991832 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shensheng Gu
- Department of Endodontics; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; China
| | - Shujun Ran
- Department of Endodontics; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Endodontics; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; China
| | - Jingping Liang
- Department of Endodontics; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; China
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Hui T, Wang C, Chen D, Zheng L, Huang D, Ye L. Epigenetic regulation in dental pulp inflammation. Oral Dis 2016; 23:22-28. [PMID: 26901577 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries, trauma, and other possible factors could lead to injury of the dental pulp. Dental infection could result in immune and inflammatory responses mediated by molecular and cellular events and tissue breakdown. The inflammatory response of dental pulp could be regulated by genetic and epigenetic events. Epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in gene expression. The epigenetic events might play critical roles in the inflammatory process of dental pulp injury. Major epigenetic events include methylation and acetylation of histones and regulatory factors, DNA methylation, and small non-coding RNAs. Infections and other environmental factors have profound effects on epigenetic modifications and trigger diseases. Despite growing evidences of literatures addressing the role of epigenetics in the field of medicine and biology, very little is known about the epigenetic pathways involved in dental pulp inflammation. This review summarized the current knowledge about epigenetic mechanisms during dental pulp inflammation. Progress in studies of epigenetic alterations during inflammatory response would provide opportunities for the development of efficient medications of epigenetic therapy for pulpitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Tomson PL, Lumley PJ, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. Growth factor release from dentine matrix by pulp-capping agents promotes pulp tissue repair-associated events. Int Endod J 2016; 50:281-292. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Tomson
- Oral Biology; The University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Birmingham UK
| | - P. J. Lumley
- Oral Biology; The University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Birmingham UK
| | - A. J. Smith
- Oral Biology; The University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Birmingham UK
| | - P. R. Cooper
- Oral Biology; The University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Birmingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Qudeimat MA, Alyahya A, Hasan AA, Barrieshi-Nusair KM. Mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy for permanent molars with clinical signs indicative of irreversible pulpitis: a preliminary study. Int Endod J 2016; 50:126-134. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Qudeimat
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences; Kuwait University; Safat Kuwait
| | - A. Alyahya
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences; Kuwait University; Safat Kuwait
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
Kumar V, Juneja R, Duhan J, Sangwan P, Tewari S. Comparative evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin, mineral trioxide aggregate, and calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:512-518. [PMID: 27994420 PMCID: PMC5141667 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.194107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulpotomy has been proposed as an alternative for the management of irreversible pulpitis in permanent molars with closed apices. Aim: To compare the performances of calcium hydroxide (CH), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as pulpotomy agents in mature permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four permanent mandibular molars with carious exposure and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis were randomly allocated to three groups, and full pulpotomy was performed using CH, MTA, or PRF as pulpotomy agents. Pain intensity was recorded using numeric rating scale score at baseline, 24 h, 7 days, 6 months, and 1 year. Clinical and radiographic assessments were done at 6 months and 1 year. Statistical Analysis: Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman test were used for intergroup and intragroup comparison of pain scores, respectively. The radiographic outcomes between the three study arms were compared using Chi-square test. Results: Clinical success rate was 94.4% at 7 days, which dropped to 85.4% at 12 months. All three agents were equally effective in providing pain relief at all the intervals tested, with no significant difference between them (P > 0.05 at all intervals). However, at 6 months and 12 months, 26.2% and 52.4% teeth depicted slight widening of periodontal ligament space. No significant difference was observed between the radiographic success rates observed with the three groups (P = 0.135 at 6 months, 0.717 at 12 months). Conclusion: Pulpotomy exhibited a high clinical success rate in mature molars with irreversible pulpitis and selection of biomaterial did not affect its outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ruchi Juneja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Jigyasa Duhan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj Sangwan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Tewari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Chang MC, Tsai YL, Chang HH, Lee SY, Lee MS, Chang CW, Chan CP, Yeh CY, Cheng RH, Jeng JH. IL-1β-induced MCP-1 expression and secretion of human dental pulp cells is related to TAK1, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 61:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
171
|
Cryopreservation and Banking of Dental Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:199-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
172
|
Smith AJ, Duncan HF, Diogenes A, Simon S, Cooper PR. Exploiting the Bioactive Properties of the Dentin-Pulp Complex in Regenerative Endodontics. J Endod 2016; 42:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
173
|
Age-related Changes in the Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Healthy and Inflamed Human Dental Pulp. J Endod 2016; 42:131-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
174
|
Soares DG, Marcomini N, Basso FG, Pansani TN, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Influence of Restoration Type on the Cytotoxicity of a 35% Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Gel. Oper Dent 2015; 41:293-304. [PMID: 26652021 DOI: 10.2341/14-325-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The tooth/restoration interface may act as a pathway for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) diffusion into the pulp chamber. Therefore, the influence of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and resin composite simulated restorations on the cytotoxicity of an in-office bleaching gel was assessed in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cavities in enamel/dentin discs restored with RMGIC Vitremer (3M ESPE) or Single Bond/Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) resin composite (RC) were subjected or not subjected to hydrolytic degradation (HD). A 35%-H2O2 bleaching gel was applied to simulated restored and nonrestored enamel surfaces, and culture medium in contact with the dentin substrate (extract) was collected and applied to MDPC-23 cells. Nonrestored discs subjected or not subjected to bleaching were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Cell viability, oxidative stress, interleukin (IL)-1β expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralized nodule deposition were evaluated. The H2O2 in the extracts was quantified. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS Higher oxidative stress associated with reduced cell viability, ALP activity, and mineralized nodule deposition was observed for all bleached groups compared with the negative control group. The RMGIC/HD group, which presented the highest H2O2 diffusion, had the lowest values of cell viability, ALP activity, and mineralized nodule deposition, as well as significantly increased IL-1β expression. CONCLUSIONS Dental cavities restored with the RMGIC subjected to hydrolytic degradation allowed for more intense diffusion of H2O2 into the pulp chamber, intensifying the toxicity of a 35%-H2O2 bleaching gel to pulp cells.
Collapse
|
175
|
Dental Pulp Defence and Repair Mechanisms in Dental Caries. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:230251. [PMID: 26538821 PMCID: PMC4619960 DOI: 10.1155/2015/230251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease resulting from the penetration of oral bacteria into the enamel and dentin. Microorganisms subsequently trigger inflammatory responses in the dental pulp. These events can lead to pulp healing if the infection is not too severe following the removal of diseased enamel and dentin tissues and clinical restoration of the tooth. However, chronic inflammation often persists in the pulp despite treatment, inducing permanent loss of normal tissue and reducing innate repair capacities. For complete tooth healing the formation of a reactionary/reparative dentin barrier to distance and protect the pulp from infectious agents and restorative materials is required. Clinical and in vitro experimental data clearly indicate that dentin barrier formation only occurs when pulp inflammation and infection are minimised, thus enabling reestablishment of tissue homeostasis and health. Therefore, promoting the resolution of pulp inflammation may provide a valuable therapeutic opportunity to ensure the sustainability of dental treatments. This paper focusses on key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pulp responses to bacteria and in the pulpal transition between caries-induced inflammation and dentinogenic-based repair. We report, using selected examples, different strategies potentially used by odontoblasts and specialized immune cells to combat dentin-invading bacteria in vivo.
Collapse
|
176
|
Chemokine expression of oral fibroblasts and epithelial cells in response to artificial saliva. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1035-42. [PMID: 26342602 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Artificial saliva is widely used to overcome reduced natural salivary flow. Natural saliva provokes the expression of chemokines in oral fibroblasts in vitro. However, if artificial saliva changes the expression of chemokines remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we investigated the ability of Saliva Orthana®, Aldiamed®, Glandosane®, and Saliva Natura® to change the expression of chemokines in human oral fibroblasts and the human oral epithelial cell line HSC-2 by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays. Mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands and recombinant human mucin 1 were included in the bioassay. Formazan formation and LIVE/DEAD® staining determined the impact of artificial saliva on cell viability. The involvement of signaling pathways was determined by pharmacologic inhibitors and Western blotting. RESULTS In gingival fibroblasts, Saliva Orthana®-containing mucins provoked a significantly increased expression of CXC ligand 8 (CXCL8, or interleukin 8), CXCL1, and CXCL2. Immunoassays for CXCL8 and CXCL1 confirmed the translation at the protein level. The respective dilution of artificial saliva had no impact on formazan formation and LIVE/DEAD® staining. Mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands also increased the panel of chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. BAY 11-7082, a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibitor, but also TAK-242, an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4 signaling, blocked chemokine expression of Saliva Orthana® and bovine mucins. In HSC-2 cells, Glandosane® significantly increased CXCL8 expression. CONCLUSIONS Saliva Orthana® stimulated chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. Mammalian mucins, but also possible contaminations with endotoxins, might contribute to the respective changes in gene expression. Epithelial cells have a differential response to artificial saliva with Glandosane® changing CXCL8 expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Artificial saliva can incite a cellular response, if however the changing expression of chemokines by isolated fibroblasts and epithelial cells in vitro translates into a clinical condition, is not clear.
Collapse
|
177
|
Soares DG, Basso FG, Scheffel DS, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Responses of human dental pulp cells after application of a low-concentration bleaching gel to enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1428-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
178
|
de Lima CL, Coelho MS, Royer C, Resende AP, Borges GA, Rodrigues da Silva J, Amato AA, Guerra E, Neves FDAR, Acevedo AC. Rosiglitazone Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Osteopontin Gene Expression in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:1486-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
179
|
Farhad AR, Shokraneh A, Shekarchizade N. Regeneration or replacement? A case report and review of literature. Dent Traumatol 2015; 32:71-9. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Farhad
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Neda Shekarchizade
- Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Davies OG, Cooper PR, Shelton RM, Smith AJ, Scheven BA. A comparison of the in vitro mineralisation and dentinogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow and dental pulp. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:371-82. [PMID: 24997523 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies provide a biological basis for the regeneration of mineralised tissues. Stem cells isolated from adipose tissue (ADSCs), bone marrow (BMSCs) and dental pulp (DPSCs) have the capacity to form mineralised tissue. However, studies comparing the capacity of ADSCs with BMSCs and DPSCs for mineralised tissue engineering are lacking, and their ability to regenerate dental tissues has not been fully explored. Characterisation of the cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR for MSC markers indicated that they were immunophenotypically similar. Alizarin red (AR) staining and micro-computed tomography (µCT) analyses demonstrated that the osteogenic potential of DPSCs was significantly greater than that of BMSCs and ADSCs. Scanning electron microscopy and AR staining showed that the pattern of mineralisation in DPSC cultures differed from ADSCs and BMSCs, with DPSC cultures lacking defined mineralised nodules and instead forming a diffuse layer of low-density mineral. Dentine matrix components (DMCs) were used to promote dentinogenic differentiation. Their addition to cultures resulted in increased amounts of mineral deposited in all three cultures and significantly increased the density of mineral deposited in BMSC cultures, as determined by µCT analysis. Addition of DMCs also increased the relative gene expression levels of the dentinogenic markers dentine sialophosphoprotein and dentine matrix protein 1 in ADSC and BMSC cultures. In conclusion, DPSCs show the greatest potential to produce a comparatively high volume of mineralised matrix; however, both dentinogenesis and mineral volume was enhanced in ADSC and BMSC cultures by DMCs, suggesting that these cells show promise for regenerative dental therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O G Davies
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
181
|
Strojny C, Boyle M, Bartholomew A, Sundivakkam P, Alapati S. Interferon Gamma-treated Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promote Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration In Vitro. J Endod 2015; 41:1259-64. [PMID: 26051078 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammation disrupts dental pulp regeneration by disintegrating the recruitment process of progenitors for repair. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) share the common features with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The aim of the study was to investigate the migration of BM-MSCs toward DPSCs in response to inflammatory chemoattractants. Additionally, our studies also delineated the signaling mechanisms from BM-MSCs in mediating the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs in vitro. METHODS Human DPSCs and BM-MSCs between passages 2 and 4 were used and were grown in odontogenic differentiation medium. Mineralization was determined by alizarin red staining analysis. Migration was assessed using crystal violet staining in cells grown in Boyden chamber Transwell inserts (Corning Inc Foundation, Tewksbury, MA). The mineralization potential of DPSCs was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase activity assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to assess the gene expression profile of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (Cxcl) 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16; stromal cell-derived factor (SDF) α; vascular endothelial growth factor; and fibroblast growth factor. RESULTS Interferon gamma (FN-γ) treatment significantly abrogated the differentiation potential of DPSCs as shown by using alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase activity analysis. An increase in the migration of BM-MSCs was documented when cocultured with IFN-γ-treated DPSCs. RNA expression studies showed an increase in the levels of Cxcl6 and Cxcl12 in BM-MSCs when cocultured with IFN-γ-treated DPSCs. Additionally, an up-regulation of proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor were observed in DPSCs exposed to IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that inflamed IFN-γ-treated DPSCs release factors (presumably Cxcl6 and 12) that contribute to the homing of MSCs. This model might provide a potential research tool for studying MSC-DPSC cross talk and for future studies involving the recruitment and sustainability of progenitor stem cells sustaining the inflammatory cascade to treat pulp inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsee Strojny
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Boyle
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amelia Bartholomew
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Premanand Sundivakkam
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Satish Alapati
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Lee CP, Colombo JS, Ayre WN, Sloan AJ, Waddington RJ. Elucidating the cellular actions of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal dental pulp stem cell population in orchestrating dental tissue repair. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731415586318. [PMID: 26019808 PMCID: PMC4437905 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415586318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive growth factors identified within the extracellular matrix of dentine have been proposed roles in regulating the naturally inherent regenerative dentine formation seen in teeth in response to trauma and infection, which may also be harnessed for novel clinical treatments in augmenting mineralised tissue repair. This study examined the specific biological action of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal population of dental pulp stem cells in stimulating the prerequisite stages of wound healing associated with mineralised tissue repair. A clonal dental pulp stem cell population with sustained proliferative capacity and multi-potentiality towards osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages was isolated from the pulp of human third molars. Dentine was collected from human healthy teeth, powdered and treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to obtain a solubilised DDM protein extract. The influence of DDM on the DPSC clonal population was assessed in vitro. Exposure of cells to proteolytically degraded DDM or unsupplemented media served as controls. Compared to controls, DDM stimulated cell expansion, reduced apoptotic marker caspase 3, increased cell survival marker Akt1 and enhanced mineralised matrix deposition as determined by mineral deposition and increased expression of bone-related markers, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. Dental pulp stem cells successfully migrated into collagen gels supplemented with demineralised dentine matrix, with cells remaining viable and expanding in numbers over a 3-day period. Collectively, the results provide evidence that soluble proteins extracted from dentine matrix are able to exert a direct biological effect on dental pulp stem cells in promoting mineralised tissue repair mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi P Lee
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John S Colombo
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wayne Nishio Ayre
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alastair J Sloan
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel J Waddington
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
The expression of periostin in dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:760-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
184
|
Activation of the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant cell response inhibits HEMA-induced oxidative stress and supports cell viability. Biomaterials 2015; 56:114-28. [PMID: 25934285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress due to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in target cells of dental resin monomers like 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is a major mechanism underlying the disturbance of vital cell functions including mineralization and differentiation, responses of the innate immune system, and the induction of cell death via apoptosis. Although a shift in the equilibrium between cell viability and apoptosis is related to the non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in HEMA-exposed cells, the major mechanisms of adaptive antioxidant cell responses to maintain cellular redox homeostasis are still unknown. The present study provides insight into the induction of a communicating network of pathways under the control of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, a major transcriptional activator of genes coding for enzymatic antioxidants. Here, oxidative stress was indicated by DCF fluorescence in cells after a short exposure (1 h) to HEMA, while DHR123 fluorescence significantly increased about 1.8-fold after a long exposure period (24 h) showing the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. However, the expression of Nrf2-controlled enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin 1, thioredoxin reductase, heme oxygenase-1) and the NADPH-regenerating system (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, transaldolase) was increased. Phenolic tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a classic inducer of the Nrf2 pathway, reduced oxidative stress and protected cells from HEMA-induced cell death through a shift in the number of cells in necrosis to apoptosis. The expression of Nrf2 and related enzymatic antioxidants downstream was enhanced by tBHQ in parallel. In conclusion, this investigation expanded the detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HEMA-induced oxidative stress, and highlighted the cross-talk and interdependence between various Nrf2-regulated antioxidant pathways as a major adaptive cell response. The current results demonstrate that modulation of the Nrf2-mediated cellular defense response is an effective means for manipulating the sensitivity of cells to dental resin monomers.
Collapse
|
185
|
Sagomonyants K, Mina M. Stage-specific effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 on the differentiation of dental pulp cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 199:311-28. [PMID: 25823776 DOI: 10.1159/000371343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis is a complex and multistep process, which is regulated by various growth factors, including members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Both positive and negative effects of FGFs on dentinogenesis have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms of these conflicting results are still unclear. To gain a better insight into the role of FGF2 in dentinogenesis, we used dental pulp cells from various transgenic mice, in which fluorescent protein expression identifies cells at different stages of odontoblast differentiation. Our results showed that the continuous exposure of pulp cells to FGF2 inhibited mineralization and revealed both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of FGF2 on the expression of markers of dentinogenesis and various transgenes. During the proliferation phase of in vitro growth, FGF2 increased the expression of markers of dentinogenesis and the percentages of dentin matrix protein 1/green fluorescent protein (DMP1-GFP)-positive functional odontoblasts and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP)-Cerulean-positive odontoblasts. Additional exposure to FGF2 during the differentiation/mineralization phase of in vitro growth decreased the extent of mineralization and the expression of markers of dentinogenesis and of the DMP1-GFP and DSPP-Cerulean transgenes. Recovery experiments showed that the inhibitory effects of FGF2 on dentinogenesis were related to the blocking of the differentiation of cells into mature odontoblasts. These observations together showed the stage-specific effects of FGF2 on dentinogenesis by dental pulp cells, and they provide critical information for the development of improved treatments for vital pulp therapy and dentin regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sagomonyants
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn., USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Wang Z, Ma F, Wang J, Zhou Z, Liu B, He X, Fu L, He W, Cooper PR. Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Are Required for Lipopolysaccharide-mediated Mineralization in Murine Odontoblast-like Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:871-6. [PMID: 25720983 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Odontoblasts play an important role in post-developmental control of mineralization in response to external stimuli in the tooth. The present study investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major bacterial cell wall component, influenced mineralization in a murine odontoblast-like cell (OLC) line and the related intracellular signaling pathways involved. METHODS Alizarin red S staining was used to assess mineralized nodule formation in OLCs in response to LPS. The effects of LPS on gene expression of odontoblastic markers were investigated by using quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The potential involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in the mineralized nodule formation, and mRNA expression of several odontoblastic markers of OLCs induced by LPS was assessed by using alizarin red S staining and quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, LPS stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of protein that was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS OLCs showed reduced mineralized nodule formation and several odontoblastic markers expression in response to LPS exposure. Furthermore, inhibition of TLR4, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and PI3K/Akt signaling noticeably antagonized LPS-mediated mineralization in OLCs. However, p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and NF-κB signaling inhibitors did not affect LPS-mediated mineralization in OLCs. Notably, LPS treatment resulted in a time-dependent phosphorylation of ERK and PI3K/Akt in OLCs, which was abrogated by their specific inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS LPS decreased mineralization in OLCs via TLR4, ERK MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, but not p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fengle Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Baogang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Lishilu Outpatient Department, Chinese PLA Second Artillery Corps, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Stomatology, NingXia People's Hospital, NingXia, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Wenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Jiang W, Lv H, Wang H, Wang D, Sun S, Jia Q, Wang P, Song B, Ni L. Activation of the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome in human dental pulp tissue and human dental pulp fibroblasts. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:541-55. [PMID: 25684031 PMCID: PMC4529451 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway plays an important role in cellular immune defence against bacterial infection; however, its function in human dental pulp tissue and human dental pulp fibroblasts remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that NLRP3 protein expression occurs to a greater extent in pulp tissue with irreversible pulpitis than in normal pulp tissue and in tissue with reversible pulpitis. Caspase-1 is present in its active (cleaved) form only in pulp tissue with irreversible pulpitis. NLRP3 and caspase-1 are expressed in the odontoblast layers in normal human dental pulp tissue, whereas in inflamed pulp tissue, the odontoblast layers are disrupted and dental pulp cells are positive for NLRP3 and caspase-1. Additionally, we investigate the role of the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway in human dental pulp fibroblasts and show that ATP activates the P2X7 receptor on the cell membrane triggering K(+) efflux and inducing the gradual recruitment of the membrane pore pannexin-1. Extracellular lipopolysaccharide is able to penetrate the cytosol and activate NLRP3. Furthermore, the low intracellular K(+) concentration in the cytosol triggers reactive oxygen species generation, which also induces the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway has a biological role in the innate immune response mounted by human dental pulp fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Diya Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shukai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Song
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| | - Longxing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
He W, Wang Z, Luo Z, Yu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. LPS promote the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via MAPK signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:554-61. [PMID: 25104580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) show significant potential for exploitation in novel regeneration strategies, although lack of understanding of their responses to bacterial challenge constrains their application. The present study aimed to investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major pathogenic factor of Gram-negative bacteria, regulates the differentiation of hDPSCs and which intracellular signaling pathways may be involved. LPS treatment significantly promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs demonstrable by increased mineralized nodule formation and mRNA expression of several odontoblastic markers in a dose-dependent manner. While inhibition of TLR4, p38, and ERK signaling markedly antagonized LPS-mediated differentiation of hDPSCs. The inhibition of JNK and NF-κB signaling had no detectable effect on LPS activation of hDPSCs. LPS stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκB-α, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in DPSCs in a time-dependent manner, which was markedly suppressed by their specific inhibitors, respectively. Data demonstrated that LPS promoted odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs via TLR4, ERK, and P38 MAPK signaling pathways, but not NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
189
|
Zhu L, Dissanayaka WL, Green DW, Zhang C. Stimulation of EphB2/ephrin-B1 signalling by tumour necrosis factor alpha in human dental pulp stem cells. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:231-8. [PMID: 25643922 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether in vitro stimulation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) would induce secretion of EphB2/ephrin-B1 signalling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental pulp stem cells isolated from human dental pulp were treated with TNF-α (5-100 ng/ml) over 2-48 h. EphB2/ephrin-B1 mRNA and protein levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis respectively. Additionally, DPSCs were pre-incubated with TNF-α receptor neutralizing antibodies or infected with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) inhibitor, p38 MAPK inhibitor, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor and MEK inhibitor before TNF-α treatment. Results were analysed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Tumour necrosis factor alpha increased EphB2 mRNA expression in DPSCs at concentrations up to 20 ng/ml and ephrin-B1 at concentrations up to 40 ng/ml (P < 0.05). Its mRNA expression reached maximum at 24 h when treated with TNF-α at 20 ng/ml (P < 0.05). EphB2/ephrin-B1 protein expression levels were high at 16 and 24 h as shown by western blotting. Neutralizing antibodies for TNFR1/2 receptors down-regulated EphB2/ephrin-B1 mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and ephrin-B1 protein expression, but not EphB2 protein expression. JNK-inhibitor inhibited EphB2 mRNA expression only (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EphB2/ephrin-B1 were invoked in DPSCs with TNF-α treatment via the JNK-dependent pathway, but not NF-ĸB, p38 MAPK or MEK signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhu
- Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
190
|
Soares DG, Marcomini N, Basso FG, Pansani TN, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Indirect cytocompatibility of a low-concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel to odontoblast-like cells. Int Endod J 2015; 49:26-36. [PMID: 25557717 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the initial cytotoxicity and the late phenotype marker expression of odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) subjected to less aggressive in-office bleaching therapies. METHODOLOGY A 17.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel was applied for 45, 15 or 5 min to enamel/dentine discs adapted to trans-wells positioned over cultured MDPC-23 cells. No treatment was performed on the negative control. Immediately after bleaching, the cell viability, gene expression of inflammatory mediators and quantification of H2O2 diffusion were evaluated. The ALP activity, DSPP and DMP-1 gene expression and mineralized nodule deposition (MND) were assessed at 7, 14 or 21 days post-bleaching and analysed statistically with Mann-Whitney U-tests (α = 5%). RESULTS H2O2 diffusion, proportional to treatment time, was observed in all bleached groups. Reductions of approximately 31%, 21% and 13% in cell viability were observed for the 45-, 15- and 5-min groups, respectively. This reduction was significant (P < 0.05) for the 45- and 15-min groups, which also presented significant (P < 0.05) over-expression of inflammatory mediators. The 45-min group was associated with significant (P < 0.05) reductions in DMP-1/DSPP expression at all periods, relative to control. The ALP activity and MND were reduced only in initial periods. The 15-min group had less intense reduction of all markers, with no difference to control at 21 days. CONCLUSIONS The 17.5% H2O2 applied to tooth specimens for 5 min caused no alteration in the odontoblast-like cells. When this gel was applied for 45 or 15 min, a slight cytotoxicity, associated with alterations in phenotypic markers, was observed. However, cells were able to recover their functions up to 21 days post-bleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - N Marcomini
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - F G Basso
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - T N Pansani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - J Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - C A de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Sotirovska Ivkovska A, Zabokova-Bilbilova E, Georgiev Z, Ivkovski L. Immunohistochemical study of the inflammatory response of the dental pulp. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2015. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2015.61.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense reactions of the dental pulp involve a variety of biological reactions, in which the immune system plays a very important role. The class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule expressing cells, termed dendritic cells and lymphocytes in human dental pulp are highly sensitive to exogenous antigenic stimuli. Their drastic changes in number and localization are induced by dental caries. This study investigated the responses of the immune system in two different clinical conditions: shallow and deep cavities. Cells were identified immunohistochemically by using the following monoclonal antibodies: HLA-DR, CD45RO and CD20. Initial pulpal
response was characterized by a localized accumulation of HLA-DR antibody-positive cells in the pulp tissue beneath the dentinal tubules communicating with the caries lesion. In the pulp of progressed caries, a large number of HLA-DR-positive cells was observed with a marked increase of other kinds of immunocompetent cells. This might indicate the occurrence of antigen presentation locally in the pulp tissue, which is very important for the immune response. Results obtained in this study demonstrated that dental pulps respond to the progression of the carious lesion and cellular and humoral
immune responses occur in the pulp tissue.
Collapse
|
192
|
Effect of hydrogen-peroxide-mediated oxidative stress on human dental pulp cells. J Dent 2014; 43:750-6. [PMID: 25527247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of the oxidative stress on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) promoted by toxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on its odontoblastic differentiation capability through time. METHODS HDPCs were exposed to two different concentrations of H2O2 (0.1 and 0.3μg/ml) for 30min. Thereafter, cell viability (MTT assay) and oxidative stress generation (H2DCFDA fluorescence assay) were immediately evaluated. Data were compared with those for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (thymolphthalein assay) and mineralized nodule deposition (alizarin red) by HDPCs cultured for 7 days in osteogenic medium. RESULTS A significant reduction in cell viability and oxidative stress generation occurred in the H2O2-treated cells when compared with negative controls (no treatment), in a concentration-dependent fashion. Seven days after H2O2 treatment, the cells showed significant reduction in ALP activity compared with negative control and no mineralized nodule deposition. CONCLUSION Both concentrations of H2O2 were toxic to the cells, causing intense cellular oxidative stress, which interfered with the odontogenic differentiation capability of the HDPCs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The intense oxidative stress on HDPCs mediated by H2O2 at toxic concentrations promotes intense reduction on odontoblastic differentiation capability in a 7-day evaluation period, which may alter the initial pulp healing capability in the in vivo situation.
Collapse
|
193
|
Iloprost Induces Tertiary Dentin Formation. J Endod 2014; 40:1784-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
194
|
Matsuda S, Fujita T, Kajiya M, Kashiwai K, Takeda K, Shiba H, Kurihara H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents the endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:444-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - T. Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - M. Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - K. Kashiwai
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - K. Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - H. Shiba
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - H. Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Down-regulation of Inflammatory Mediator Synthesis and Infiltration of Inflammatory Cells by MMP-3 in Experimentally Induced Rat Pulpitis. J Endod 2014; 40:1404-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
196
|
Ricucci D, Siqueira JF, Loghin S, Lin LM. Repair of Extensive Apical Root Resorption Associated with Apical Periodontitis: Radiographic and Histologic Observations after 25 Years. J Endod 2014; 40:1268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
197
|
Hui T, A P, Zhao Y, Wang C, Gao B, Zhang P, Wang J, Zhou X, Ye L. EZH2, a potential regulator of dental pulp inflammation and regeneration. J Endod 2014; 40:1132-8. [PMID: 25069920 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp has limited capability to regenerate, which happens in the early stage of pulpitis. An ambiguous relationship exists; inflammation may impair or support pulp regeneration. Epigenetics, which is involved in cell proliferation and inflammation, could regulate human dental pulp cell (HDPCs) regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the epigenetic mark, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), in the inflammation, proliferation, and regeneration of dental pulp. We used trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27(H3K27me3) and its lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) to monitor functional effects of altered EZH2 levels. METHODS We detected epigenetic marks (EZH2, H3K27me3, and KDM6B) in pulp tissue by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. EZH2 levels in HDPCs in inflammatory responses or differentiation were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the effects of EZH2 inhibition on interleukins in HDPCs upon tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulation. Cell proliferation was tested by cell counting kit-8, cell cycle, and apoptosis analysis. HDPC differentiation was investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase activity, and oil red O staining. RESULTS EZH2 and H3K27me3 were decreased, whereas KDM6B was increased in infected pulp tissue and cells, which were similar to HDPC differentiation. EZH2 inhibition suppressed IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) in HDPCs upon inflammatory stimuli and impeded HDPC proliferation by decreasing cell number, arresting cell cycle, and increasing apoptosis. Suppressed EZH2 impaired adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor r (PPAR-r), and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein a (CEBP/a) mRNA in adipogenic induction while enhancing alkaline phosphatase activity, Osx, and bone sialoprotein (BSP) mRNA in mineralization induction of HDPCs. CONCLUSIONS EZH2 inhibited HDPC osteogenic differentiation while enhancing inflammatory response and proliferation, suggesting its role in pulp inflammation, proliferation, and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng A
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Das A, Barker DA, Wang T, Lau CM, Lin Y, Botchwey EA. Delivery of bioactive lipids from composite microgel-microsphere injectable scaffolds enhances stem cell recruitment and skeletal repair. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101276. [PMID: 25077607 PMCID: PMC4117484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a microgel composed of chitosan and inorganic phosphates was used to deliver poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) microspheres loaded with sphingolipid growth factor FTY720 to critical size cranial defects in Sprague Dawley rats. We show that sustained release of FTY720 from injected microspheres used alone or in combination with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP2) improves defect vascularization and bone formation in the presence and absence of rhBMP2 as evaluated by quantitative microCT and histological measurements. Moreover, sustained delivery of FTY720 from PLAGA and local targeting of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors reduces CD45+ inflammatory cell infiltration, promotes endogenous recruitment of CD29+CD90+ bone progenitor cells and enhances the efficacy of rhBMP2 from chitosan microgels. Companion in vitro studies suggest that selective activation of sphingosine receptor subtype-3 (S1P3) via FTY720 treatment induces smad-1 phosphorylation in bone-marrow stromal cells. Additionally, FTY720 enhances stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) mediated chemotaxis of CD90+CD11B-CD45- bone progenitor cells in vitro after stimulation with rhBMP2. We believe that use of such small molecule delivery formulations to recruit endogenous bone progenitors may be an attractive alternative to exogenous cell-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Das
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Barker
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl M. Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Botchwey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Bleicher F. Odontoblast physiology. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
200
|
de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J, Scheffel DL, Soares DG, Basso FG, Ribeiro APD. Methods to evaluate and strategies to improve the biocompatibility of dental materials and operative techniques. Dent Mater 2014; 30:769-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|