151
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Hoffmann T, Dorrestein PC. Homogeneous matrix deposition on dried agar for MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of microbial cultures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1959-62. [PMID: 26297185 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix deposition on agar-based microbial colonies for MALDI imaging mass spectrometry is often complicated by the complex media on which microbes are grown. This Application Note demonstrates how consecutive short spray pulses of a matrix solution can form an evenly closed matrix layer on dried agar. Compared with sieving dry matrix onto wet agar, this method supports analyte cocrystallization, which results in significantly more signals, higher signal-to-noise ratios, and improved ionization efficiency. The even matrix layer improves spot-to-spot precision of measured m/z values when using TOF mass spectrometers. With this technique, we established reproducible imaging mass spectrometry of myxobacterial cultures on nutrient-rich cultivation media, which was not possible with the sieving technique. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hoffmann
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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152
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Bai H, Wang S, Liu J, Gao D, Jiang Y, Liu H, Cai Z. Localization of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng with different age by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry imaging. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1026:263-271. [PMID: 26520809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. (P. ginseng) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines, with ginsenosides as its main bioactive components. Because different ginsenosides have varied pharmacological effects, extraction and separation of ginsenosides are usually required for the investigation of pharmacological effects of different ginsenosides. However, the contents of ginsenosides vary with the ages and tissues of P. ginseng root. In this research, an efficient method to explore the distribution of ginsenosides and differentiate P. ginseng roots with different ages was developed based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-TOF-MSI). After a simple sample preparation, there were 18 peaks corresponding to 31 ginsenosides with distinct localization in the mass range of m/z 700-1400 identified by MALDI-TOF-MSI and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. All the three types of ginsenosides were successfully detected and visualized in images, which could be correlated with anatomical features. The P. ginseng at the ages of 2, 4 and 6 could be differentiated finely through the principal component analysis of data collected from the cork based on the ion images but not data from the whole tissue. The experimental result implies that the established method for the direct analysis of metabolites in plant tissues has high potential for the rapid identification of metabolites and analysis of their localizations in medicinal herbs. Furthermore, this technique also provides valuable information for the component-specific extraction and pharmacological research of herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangrui Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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153
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Rosen EP, Bokhart MT, Nazari M, Muddiman DC. Influence of C-Trap Ion Accumulation Time on the Detectability of Analytes in IR-MALDESI MSI. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10483-90. [PMID: 26414177 PMCID: PMC5291932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Laser desorption followed by post electrospray ionization requires synchronized timing of the key events (sample desorption/ionization, mass spectrometry analysis, and sample translation) necessary to conduct mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with adequate analyte sensitivity. In infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) MSI analyses, two laser pulses are used for analysis at each volumetric element, or voxel, of a biological sample and ion accumulation in the C-trap exceeding 100 ms is necessary to capture all sample-associated ions using an infrared laser with a 20 Hz repetition rate. When coupled to an Orbitrap-based mass spectrometer like the Q Exactive Plus, this time window for ion accumulation exceeds dynamically controlled trapping of samples with comparable ion flux by Automatic Gain Control (AGC), which cannot be used during MSI analysis. In this work, a next-generation IR-MALDESI source has been designed and constructed that incorporates a mid-infrared OPO laser capable of operating at 100 Hz and allows requisite C-trap inject time during MSI to be reduced to 30 ms. Analyte detectability of the next-generation IR-MALDESI integrated source has been evaluated as a function of laser repetition rate (100-20 Hz) with corresponding C-trap ion accumulation times (30-110 ms) in both untargeted and targeted analysis of biological samples. Reducing the C-trap ion accumulation time resulted in increased ion abundance by up to 3 orders of magnitude for analytes ranging from xenobiotics to endogenous lipids, and facilitated the reduction of voxel-to-voxel variability by more than 3-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias P. Rosen
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Mark T. Bokhart
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Milad Nazari
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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154
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Abstract
A vital process in drug discovery and development is to assess the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology of potentially therapeutic compounds in the body. The potential utility of MS imaging has been demonstrated in many studies focusing on molecules including peptides, proteins and lipids. However, MS imaging also permits the direct analysis of drugs and drug metabolites in tissue samples without requiring the use of target-specific labels or reagents. Here, a brief technical description of the technique is presented along with examples of its usefulness at different stages of the drug discovery and development process including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology, and blood–brain barrier drug penetration investigations.
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155
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Nilsson A, Goodwin RJA, Swales JG, Gallagher R, Shankaran H, Sathe A, Pradeepan S, Xue A, Keirstead N, Sasaki JC, Andren PE, Gupta A. Investigating nephrotoxicity of polymyxin derivatives by mapping renal distribution using mass spectrometry imaging. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1823-30. [PMID: 26293472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colistin and polymyxin B are effective treatment options for Gram-negative resistant bacteria but are used as last-line therapy due to their dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. A critical factor in developing safer polymyxin analogues is understanding accumulation of the drugs and their metabolites, which is currently limited due to the lack of effective techniques for analysis of these challenging molecules. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allows direct detection of targets (drugs, metabolites, and endogenous compounds) from tissue sections. The presented study exemplifies the utility of MSI by measuring the distribution of polymyxin B1, colistin, and polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) within dosed rat kidney tissue sections. The label-free MSI analysis revealed that the nephrotoxic compounds (polymyxin B1 and colistin) preferentially accumulated in the renal cortical region. The less nephrotoxic analogue, polymyxin B nonapeptide, was more uniformly distributed throughout the kidney. In addition, metabolites of the dosed compounds were detected by MSI. Kidney homogenates were analyzed using LC/MS/MS to determine total drug exposure and for metabolite identification. To our knowledge, this is the first time such techniques have been utilized to measure the distribution of polymyxin drugs and their metabolites. By simultaneously detecting the distribution of drug and drug metabolites, MSI offers a powerful alternative to tissue homogenization analysis and label or antibody-based imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nilsson
- Biomolecular Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala SE-75237, Sweden
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - John G Swales
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Richard Gallagher
- Oncology DMPK, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TF, U.K
| | - Harish Shankaran
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Abhishek Sathe
- Infection DMPK, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Selvi Pradeepan
- Infection DMPK, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Aixiang Xue
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Natalie Keirstead
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sasaki
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Per E Andren
- Biomolecular Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala SE-75237, Sweden
| | - Anshul Gupta
- Infection DMPK, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D , Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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156
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Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of bone-Impact of sample preparation and measurement conditions. Biointerphases 2015; 11:02A302. [PMID: 26253108 DOI: 10.1116/1.4928211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) enables the simultaneous detection of organic and inorganic ions and fragments with high mass and spatial resolution. Due to recent technical developments, ToF-SIMS has been increasingly applied in the life sciences where sample preparation plays an eminent role for the quality of the analytical results. This paper focusses on sample preparation of bone tissue and its impact on ToF-SIMS analysis. The analysis of bone is important for the understanding of bone diseases and the development of replacement materials and new drugs for the cure of diseased bone. The main purpose of this paper is to find out which preparation process is best suited for ToF-SIMS analysis of bone tissue in order to obtain reliable and reproducible analytical results. The influence of the embedding process on the different components of bone is evaluated using principal component analysis. It is shown that epoxy resin as well as methacrylate based plastics (Epon and Technovit) as embedding materials do not infiltrate the mineralized tissue and that cut sections are better suited for the ToF-SIMS analysis than ground sections. In case of ground samples, a resin layer is smeared over the sample surface due to the polishing step and overlap of peaks is found. Beside some signals of fatty acids in the negative ion mode, the analysis of native, not embedded samples does not provide any advantage. The influence of bismuth bombardment and O2 flooding on the signal intensity of organic and inorganic fragments due to the variation of the ionization probability is additionally discussed. As C60 sputtering has to be applied to remove the smeared resin layer, its effect especially on the organic fragments of the bone is analyzed and described herein.
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157
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Rosen EP, Bokhart MT, Ghashghaei HT, Muddiman DC. Influence of Desorption Conditions on Analyte Sensitivity and Internal Energy in Discrete Tissue or Whole Body Imaging by IR-MALDESI. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:899-910. [PMID: 25840812 PMCID: PMC4425634 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Analyte signal in a laser desorption/postionization scheme such as infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) is strongly coupled to the degree of overlap between the desorbed plume of neutral material from a sample and an orthogonal electrospray. In this work, we systematically examine the effect of desorption conditions on IR-MALDESI response to pharmaceutical drugs and endogenous lipids in biological tissue using a design of experiments approach. Optimized desorption conditions have then been used to conduct an untargeted lipidomic analysis of whole body sagittal sections of neonate mouse. IR-MALDESI response to a wide range of lipid classes has been demonstrated, with enhanced lipid coverage received by varying the laser wavelength used for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Targeted MS(2) imaging (MS(2)I) of an analyte, cocaine, deposited beneath whole body sections allowed determination of tissue-specific ion response factors, and CID fragments of cocaine were monitored to comment on wavelength-dependent internal energy deposition based on the "survival yield" method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias P. Rosen
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mark T. Bokhart
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - H. Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Author for Correspondence David C. Muddiman, Ph.D., W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, Phone: 919-513-0084,
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158
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Cobice DF, Goodwin RJA, Andren PE, Nilsson A, Mackay CL, Andrew R. Future technology insight: mass spectrometry imaging as a tool in drug research and development. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3266-83. [PMID: 25766375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In pharmaceutical research, understanding the biodistribution, accumulation and metabolism of drugs in tissue plays a key role during drug discovery and development. In particular, information regarding pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and transport properties of compounds in tissues is crucial during early screening. Historically, the abundance and distribution of drugs have been assessed by well-established techniques such as quantitative whole-body autoradiography (WBA) or tissue homogenization with LC/MS analysis. However, WBA does not distinguish active drug from its metabolites and LC/MS, while highly sensitive, does not report spatial distribution. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can discriminate drug and its metabolites and endogenous compounds, while simultaneously reporting their distribution. MSI data are influencing drug development and currently used in investigational studies in areas such as compound toxicity. In in vivo studies MSI results may soon be used to support new drug regulatory applications, although clinical trial MSI data will take longer to be validated for incorporation into submissions. We review the current and future applications of MSI, focussing on applications for drug discovery and development, with examples to highlight the impact of this promising technique in early drug screening. Recent sample preparation and analysis methods that enable effective MSI, including quantitative analysis of drugs from tissue sections will be summarized and key aspects of methodological protocols to increase the effectiveness of MSI analysis for previously undetectable targets addressed. These examples highlight how MSI has become a powerful tool in drug research and development and offers great potential in streamlining the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Cobice
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R J A Goodwin
- Drug Metabolism and Distribution, Mass Spectrometry Imaging, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, UK
| | - P E Andren
- Biomolecular Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Nilsson
- Biomolecular Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C L Mackay
- SIRCAMS, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Andrew
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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159
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Palmer AD, Alexandrov T. Serial 3D imaging mass spectrometry at its tipping point. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4055-62. [PMID: 25817912 DOI: 10.1021/ac504604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since biology is by and large a 3-dimensional phenomenon, it is hardly surprising that 3D imaging has had a significant impact on many challenges in the life sciences. Imaging mass spectrometry (MS) is a spatially resolved label-free analytical technique that recently maturated into a powerful tool for in situ localization of hundreds of molecular species. Serial 3D imaging MS reconstructs 3D molecular images from serial sections imaged with mass spectrometry. As such, it provides a novel 3D imaging modality inheriting the advantages of imaging MS. Serial 3D imaging MS has been steadily developing over the past decade, and many of the technical challenges have been met. Essential tools and protocols were developed, in particular to improve the reproducibility of sample preparation, speed up data acquisition, and enable computationally intensive analysis of the big data generated. As a result, experimental data is starting to emerge that takes advantage of the extra spatial dimension that 3D imaging MS offers. Most studies still focus on method development rather than on exploring specific biological problems. The future success of 3D imaging MS requires it to find its own niche alongside existing 3D imaging modalities through finding applications that benefit from 3D imaging and at the same time utilize the unique chemical sensitivity of imaging mass spectrometry. This perspective critically reviews the challenges encountered during the development of serial-sectioning 3D imaging MS and discusses the steps needed to tip it from being an academic curiosity into a tool of choice for answering biological and medical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Palmer
- †European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,‡Center for Industrial Mathematics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Theodore Alexandrov
- †European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,‡Center for Industrial Mathematics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.,§SCiLS GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany.,∥Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161, United States
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160
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In situ drug and metabolite analysis [corrected] in biological and clinical research by MALDI MS imaging. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1241-53. [PMID: 24946924 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the analysis in mass spectrometry (MS) [corrected] imaging has been expanded to detect a wide variety of low molecular weight compounds (LMWC), including exogenous and endogenous compounds. The high sensitivity and selectivity of MS imaging combined with visualization of molecular spatial distribution in tissues, makes it a valuable [corrected] platform in targeted drug and untargeted metabolomic analysis [corrected] in biological and clinical research. Here, we review the current and potential applications of MALDI MS imaging in these areas. The aim of advancing MALDI MS imaging in the field of LMWC is to support clinical applications by understanding drug and drug-metabolite distribution, investigating toxicity and discovering [corrected] new biomarkers.
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161
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Schultz C, Powell K, Crossley A, Jurkschat K, Kille P, Morgan AJ, Read D, Tyne W, Lahive E, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ. Analytical approaches to support current understanding of exposure, uptake and distributions of engineered nanoparticles by aquatic and terrestrial organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:239-261. [PMID: 25516483 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Initiatives to support the sustainable development of the nanotechnology sector have led to rapid growth in research on the environmental fate, hazards and risk of engineered nanoparticles (ENP). As the field has matured over the last 10 years, a detailed picture of the best methods to track potential forms of exposure, their uptake routes and best methods to identify and track internal fate and distributions following assimilation into organisms has begun to emerge. Here we summarise the current state of the field, focussing particularly on metal and metal oxide ENPs. Studies to date have shown that ENPs undergo a range of physical and chemical transformations in the environment to the extent that exposures to pristine well dispersed materials will occur only rarely in nature. Methods to track assimilation and internal distributions must, therefore, be capable of detecting these modified forms. The uptake mechanisms involved in ENP assimilation may include a range of trans-cellular trafficking and distribution pathways, which can be followed by passage to intracellular compartments. To trace toxicokinetics and distributions, analytical and imaging approaches are available to determine rates, states and forms. When used hierarchically, these tools can map ENP distributions to specific target organs, cell types and organelles, such as endosomes, caveolae and lysosomes and assess speciation states. The first decade of ENP ecotoxicology research, thus, points to an emerging paradigm where exposure is to transformed materials transported into tissues and cells via passive and active pathways within which they can be assimilated and therein identified using a tiered analytical and imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schultz
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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162
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The challenge of on-tissue digestion for MALDI MSI- a comparison of different protocols to improve imaging experiments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2223-43. [PMID: 25687681 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become a powerful and successful tool in the context of biomarker detection especially in recent years. This emerging technique is based on the combination of histological information of a tissue and its corresponding spatial resolved mass spectrometric information. The identification of differentially expressed protein peaks between samples is still the method's bottleneck. Therefore, peptide MSI compared to protein MSI is closer to the final goal of identification since peptides are easier to measure than proteins. Nevertheless, the processing of peptide imaging samples is challenging due to experimental complexity. To address this issue, a method development study for peptide MSI using cryoconserved and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) rat brain tissue is provided. Different digestion times, matrices, and proteases were tested to define an optimal workflow for peptide MSI. All practical experiments were done in triplicates and analyzed by the SCiLS Lab software, using structures derived from myelin basic protein (MBP) peaks, principal component analysis (PCA) and probabilistic latent semantic analysis (pLSA) to rate the experiments' quality. Blinded experimental evaluation in case of defining countable structures in the datasets was performed by three individuals. Such an extensive method development for peptide matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging experiments has not been performed so far, and the resulting problems and consequences were analyzed and discussed.
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163
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Nilsson A, Goodwin RJA, Shariatgorji M, Vallianatou T, Webborn PJH, Andrén PE. Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Drug Development. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1437-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504734s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nilsson
- Biomolecular
Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591 BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Mohammadreza Shariatgorji
- Biomolecular
Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591 BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theodosia Vallianatou
- Biomolecular
Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591 BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter J. H. Webborn
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Per E. Andrén
- Biomolecular
Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591 BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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164
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Crecelius AC, Schubert US, von Eggeling F. MALDI mass spectrometric imaging meets “omics”: recent advances in the fruitful marriage. Analyst 2015; 140:5806-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI MSI) is a method that allows the investigation of the molecular content of surfaces, in particular, tissues, within its morphological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Crecelius
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - U. S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - F. von Eggeling
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
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165
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Abstract
Enriched by a decade of remarkable developments, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) has witnessed a phenomenal expansion. Initially introduced for the mapping of peptides and intact proteins from mammalian tissue sections, MALDI IMS applications now extend to a wide range of molecules including peptides, lipids, metabolites and xenobiotics. Technology and methodology are quickly evolving to push the limits of the technique forward. Within a short period of time, numerous protocols and concepts have been developed and introduced in tissue section preparation, nonexhaustively including in situ tissue chemistries and solvent-free matrix depositions. Considering the past progress and current capabilities, this Review aims to cover the different aspects and challenges of tissue section preparation for MALDI IMS.
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166
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Cellular-level mass spectrometry imaging using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) by oversampling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2265-71. [PMID: 25486925 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allows for the direct and simultaneous analysis of the spatial distribution of molecular species from sample surfaces such as tissue sections. One of the goals of MSI is monitoring the distribution of compounds at the cellular resolution in order to gain insights about the biology that occurs at this spatial level. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) imaging of cervical tissue sections was performed using a spot-to-spot distance of 10 μm by utilizing the method of oversampling, where the target plate is moved by a distance that is less than the desorption radius of the laser. In addition to high spatial resolution, high mass accuracy (±1 ppm) and high mass resolving power (140,000 at m/z = 200) were achieved by coupling the IR-MALDESI imaging source to a hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Ion maps of cholesterol in tissues were generated from voxels containing <1 cell, on average. Additionally, the challenges of imaging at the cellular level in terms of loss of sensitivity and longer analysis time are discussed.
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167
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Kriegsmann J, Kriegsmann M, Casadonte R. MALDI TOF imaging mass spectrometry in clinical pathology: a valuable tool for cancer diagnostics (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:893-906. [PMID: 25482502 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is an evolving technique in cancer diagnostics and combines the advantages of mass spectrometry (proteomics), detection of numerous molecules, and spatial resolution in histological tissue sections and cytological preparations. This method allows the detection of proteins, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates or glycoconjugates and small molecules.Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue can also be investigated by IMS, thus, this method seems to be an ideal tool for cancer diagnostics and biomarker discovery. It may add information to the identification of tumor margins and tumor heterogeneity. The technique allows tumor typing, especially identification of the tumor of origin in metastatic tissue, as well as grading and may provide prognostic information. IMS is a valuable method for the identification of biomarkers and can complement histology, immunohistology and molecular pathology in various fields of histopathological diagnostics, especially with regard to identification and grading of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kriegsmann
- MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Trier, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute for Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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168
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Barry JA, Robichaud G, Bokhart MT, Thompson C, Sykes C, Kashuba AD, Muddiman DC. Mapping antiretroviral drugs in tissue by IR-MALDESI MSI coupled to the Q Exactive and comparison with LC-MS/MS SRM assay. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:2038-47. [PMID: 24744212 PMCID: PMC4201889 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the coupling of the IR-MALDESI imaging source with the Q Exactive mass spectrometer. IR-MALDESI MSI was used to elucidate the spatial distribution of several HIV drugs in cervical tissues that had been incubated in either a low or high concentration. Serial sections of those analyzed by IR-MALDESI MSI were homogenized and analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify the amount of each drug present in the tissue. By comparing the two techniques, an agreement between the average intensities from the imaging experiment and the absolute quantities for each drug was observed. This correlation between these two techniques serves as a prerequisite to quantitative IR-MALDESI MSI. In addition, a targeted MS(2) imaging experiment was also conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of the Q Exactive and to highlight the added selectivity that can be obtained with SRM or MRM imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Barry
- W.M. Keck FT Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Guillaume Robichaud
- W.M. Keck FT Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mark T. Bokhart
- W.M. Keck FT Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Corbin Thompson
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Craig Sykes
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Angela D.M. Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FT Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Author for Correspondence: David C. Muddiman, Ph.D., W.M. Keck FT Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, Phone: 919-513-0084, Fax: 919-513-7993,
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169
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Meier F, Garrard KP, Muddiman DC. Silver dopants for targeted and untargeted direct analysis of unsaturated lipids via infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2461-70. [PMID: 25303475 PMCID: PMC4197142 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Unsaturated lipids play a crucial role in cellular processes as signaling factors, membrane building blocks or energy storage molecules. However, adequate mass spectrometry imaging of this diverse group of molecules remains challenging. In this study we implemented silver cationization for direct analysis by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) to enhance the ion abundances for olefinic lipids and facilitate peak assignment. METHODS Trace amounts of silver nitrate were doped into the electrospray solvent of an IR-MALDESI imaging source coupled to an Orbitrap mass analyzer. Calcifediol was examined as a model compound to demonstrate the effect of silver dopants on sensitivity and assay robustness. Dried human serum spots were subsequently analyzed to compare Ag-doped solvents with previously described solvent compositions. Mass differences as well as ion abundance ratio filters were employed to interpret results based on the characteristic isotopic pattern of silver. RESULTS Olefinic lipids were readily observed as silver adducts in IR-MALDESI analyses. Silver cationization decreased the limit of detection for calcifediol by at least one order of magnitude and was not affected in complex biological matrices. The ion abundance ratio and mass difference of [M + (107) Ag(+)](+) and [M + (109) Ag(+)](+) were successfully applied to facilitate the spectral assignment of silver adducts. Overall, silver cationization increased the analyte coverage in human serum by 43% compared with a standard IR-MALDESI approach. CONCLUSIONS Silver cationization has been shown to enhance IR-MALDESI sensitivity and selectivity for unsaturated lipids, even when applied to complex samples. Increased compound coverage, enhanced robustness as well as the developed tools for peak assignment and mapping of isotopic patterns will clearly benefit future mass spectrometry imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Meier
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kenneth P. Garrard
- Precision Engineering Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Author for Correspondence. David C. Muddiman, Ph.D., W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA, Phone: 919-513-0084,
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170
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McDonnell LA, Römpp A, Balluff B, Heeren RMA, Albar JP, Andrén PE, Corthals GL, Walch A, Stoeckli M. Discussion point: reporting guidelines for mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2035-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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171
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Challenges and recent advances in mass spectrometric imaging of neurotransmitters. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:525-40. [PMID: 24568355 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool that grants the ability to investigate a broad mass range of molecules, from small molecules to large proteins, by creating detailed distribution maps of selected compounds. To date, MSI has demonstrated its versatility in the study of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides of different classes toward investigation of neurobiological functions and diseases. These studies have provided significant insight in neurobiology over the years and current technical advances are facilitating further improvements in this field. Herein, we briefly review new MSI studies of neurotransmitters, focusing specifically on the challenges and recent advances of MSI of neurotransmitters.
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172
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Gemperline E, Rawson S, Li L. Optimization and comparison of multiple MALDI matrix application methods for small molecule mass spectrometric imaging. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10030-5. [PMID: 25331774 PMCID: PMC4204912 DOI: 10.1021/ac5028534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The matrix application technique is critical to the success of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) experiment. This work presents a systematic study aiming to evaluate three different matrix application techniques for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) of endogenous metabolites from legume plant, Medicago truncatula, root nodules. Airbrush, automatic sprayer, and sublimation matrix application methods were optimized individually for detection of metabolites in the positive ionization mode exploiting the two most widely used MALDI matrices, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA). Analytical reproducibility and analyte diffusion were examined and compared side-by-side for each method. When using DHB, the optimized method developed for the automatic matrix sprayer system resulted in approximately double the number of metabolites detected when compared to sublimation and airbrush. The automatic sprayer method also showed more reproducible results and less analyte diffusion than the airbrush method. Sublimation matrix deposition yielded high spatial resolution and reproducibility but fewer analytes in the higher m/z range (500-1000 m/z). When the samples were placed in a humidity chamber after sublimation, there was enhanced detection of higher mass metabolites but increased analyte diffusion in the lower mass range. When using CHCA, the optimized automatic sprayer method and humidified sublimation method resulted in double the number of metabolites detected compared to standard airbrush method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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173
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Fröhlich SM, Archodoulaki VM, Allmaier G, Marchetti-Deschmann M. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Molecular Level Changes in Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Joint Implants in Correlation with Lipid Adsorption. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9723-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5025232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Fröhlich
- Institute of Chemical
Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasiliki-Maria Archodoulaki
- Institute
of Materials
Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Favoritenstrasse 9-11, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical
Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Institute of Chemical
Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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174
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Swales JG, Tucker JW, Strittmatter N, Nilsson A, Cobice D, Clench MR, Mackay CL, Andren PE, Takáts Z, Webborn PJH, Goodwin RJA. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Cassette-Dosed Drugs for Higher Throughput Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Analysis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8473-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502217r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Swales
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
- Biomedical Research
Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K
| | - James W. Tucker
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Biomolecular Imaging
and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Diego Cobice
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Malcolm R. Clench
- Biomedical Research
Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K
| | - C. Logan Mackay
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Per E. Andren
- Biomolecular Imaging
and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Takáts
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Peter J. H. Webborn
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
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175
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Martin-Lorenzo M, Balluff B, Sanz-Maroto A, van Zeijl RJ, Vivanco F, Alvarez-Llamas G, McDonnell LA. 30μm spatial resolution protein MALDI MSI: In-depth comparison of five sample preparation protocols applied to human healthy and atherosclerotic arteries. J Proteomics 2014; 108:465-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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176
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Patterson NH, Thomas A, Chaurand P. Monitoring time-dependent degradation of phospholipids in sectioned tissues by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:622-7. [PMID: 25044847 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is useful for visualizing the localization of phospholipids on biological tissue surfaces creating great opportunities for IMS in lipidomic investigations. With advancements in IMS of lipids, there is a demand for large-scale tissue studies necessitating stable, efficient and well-defined sample handling procedures. Our work within this article shows the effects of different storage conditions on the phospholipid composition of sectioned tissues from mouse organs. We have taken serial sections from mouse brain, kidney and liver thaw mounted unto ITO-coated glass slides and stored them under various conditions later analyzing them at fixed time points. A global decrease in phospholipid signal intensity is shown to occur and to be a function of time and temperature. Contrary to the global decrease, oxidized phospholipid and lysophospholipid species are found to increase within 2 h and 24 h, respectively, when mounted sections are kept at ambient room conditions. Imaging experiments reveal that degradation products increase globally across the tissue. Degradation is shown to be inhibited by cold temperatures, with sample integrity maintained up to a week after storage in -80 °C freezer under N2 atmosphere. Overall, the results demonstrate a timeline of the effects of lipid degradation specific to sectioned tissues and provide several lipid species which can serve as markers of degradation. Importantly, the timeline demonstrates oxidative sample degradation begins appearing within the normal timescale of IMS sample preparation of lipids (i.e. 1-2 h) and that long-term degradation is global. Taken together, these results strengthen the notion that standardized procedures are required for phospholipid IMS of large sample sets, or in studies where many serial sections are prepared together but analyzed over time such as in 3-D IMS reconstruction experiments.
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177
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Schulz S, Gerhardt D, Meyer B, Seegel M, Schubach B, Hopf C, Matheis K. DMSO-enhanced MALDI MS imaging with normalization against a deuterated standard for relative quantification of dasatinib in serial mouse pharmacology studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 405:9467-76. [PMID: 24121470 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging is an emerging powerful technique in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics research. Despite recent progress in mass-spectrometry-based localization and relative quantification of small-molecule drugs and their metabolites in tissue, improved methods for drug extraction/ionization are required. Furthermore, relative quantification of drugs by mass spectrometry imaging in larger rodent cohorts is a necessary proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the utility of such a workflow in an industrial setting. Using as an example the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, a leukemia drug, we demonstrate that inclusion of dimethyl sulfoxide in standard matrix solutions significantly improves ion intensity in mass spectrometry images and reveals enrichment of the drug in mouse kidney medulla. We furthermore show in a time-course study in multiple mice that normalization against a deuterated internal standard, dasatinib-D8, which is applied together with the matrix, makes possible relative quantification of the drug that correlates well with canonical liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry based drug quantification.
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178
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MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Visualizing In Situ Metabolism of Endogenous Metabolites and Dietary Phytochemicals. Metabolites 2014; 4:319-46. [PMID: 24957029 PMCID: PMC4101509 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of bioactive small molecules is indispensable for elucidating their biological or pharmaceutical roles. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables determination of the distribution of ionizable molecules present in tissue sections of whole-body or single heterogeneous organ samples by direct ionization and detection. This emerging technique is now widely used for in situ label-free molecular imaging of endogenous or exogenous small molecules. MSI allows the simultaneous visualization of many types of molecules including a parent molecule and its metabolites. Thus, MSI has received much attention as a potential tool for pathological analysis, understanding pharmaceutical mechanisms, and biomarker discovery. On the other hand, several issues regarding the technical limitations of MSI are as of yet still unresolved. In this review, we describe the capabilities of the latest matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI technology for visualizing in situ metabolism of endogenous metabolites or dietary phytochemicals (food factors), and also discuss the technical problems and new challenges, including MALDI matrix selection and metabolite identification, that need to be addressed for effective and widespread application of MSI in the diverse fields of biological, biomedical, and nutraceutical (food functionality) research.
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179
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Dekker TJA, Balluff BD, Jones EA, Schöne CD, Schmitt M, Aubele M, Kroep JR, Smit VTHBM, Tollenaar RAEM, Mesker WE, Walch A, McDonnell LA. Multicenter Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI) Identifies Proteomic Differences in Breast-Cancer-Associated Stroma. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4730-8. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim J. A. Dekker
- Department
of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin D. Balluff
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emrys A. Jones
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cédrik D. Schöne
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aubele
- Institute
of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith R. Kroep
- Department
of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wilma E. Mesker
- Department
of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Walch
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Liam A. McDonnell
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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180
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Shimma S, Sugiura Y. Effective Sample Preparations in Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:S0029. [PMID: 26819901 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) can be used to visualize the distribution of biomolecules (proteins, peptides, metabolites) and drugs on tissue surfaces. In MALDI-IMS, sample preparation is crucial for successful results. A variety of conditions, such as tissue sampling methods, tissue thickness and matrix application procedure can have an impact on the results. In this review, we summarize each sample preparation step in an orderly sequence with practical examples. In addition, we discuss the importance of the organic solvent used in the matrix solution. The composition of the organic solvent used in the matrix solution is critical for achieving a high sensitivity in this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Shimma
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center; Division of Clinical Pharmacology Group for Translational Research Support Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine
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181
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Veličković D, Ropartz D, Guillon F, Saulnier L, Rogniaux H. New insights into the structural and spatial variability of cell-wall polysaccharides during wheat grain development, as revealed through MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2079-91. [PMID: 24600018 PMCID: PMC3991742 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the major components of wheat grain cell walls. Although incompletely described at the molecular level, it is known that the chemical and distributional heterogeneity of these compounds impacts the quality and use of wheat. In this work, an emerging technique based on MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was employed to map variations in the quantity, localization, and structure of these polysaccharides in the endosperm during wheat maturation. MALDI MSI couples detailed structural information with the spatial localization observed at the micrometer scale. The enzymic hydrolysis of AX and BG was performed directly on the grain sections, resulting in the efficient formation of smaller oligosaccharides that are easily measurable through MS, with no relocation across the grain. The relative quantification of the generated oligosaccharides was achieved. The method was validated by confirming data previously obtained using other analytical techniques. Furthermore, in situ analysis of grain cell walls through MSI revealed previously undetectable intense acetylation of AX in young compared to mature grains, together with findings concerning the feruloylation of AX and different structural features of BG. These results provide new insights into the physiological roles of these polysaccharides in cell walls and the specificity of the hydrolytic enzymes involved.
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182
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Abdelmoula WM, Carreira RJ, Shyti R, Balluff B, van Zeijl RJM, Tolner EA, Lelieveldt BFP, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, McDonnell LA, Dijkstra J. Automatic registration of mass spectrometry imaging data sets to the Allen brain atlas. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3947-54. [PMID: 24661141 DOI: 10.1021/ac500148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging holds great potential for understanding the molecular basis of neurological disease. Several key studies have demonstrated its ability to uncover disease-related biomolecular changes in rodent models of disease, even if highly localized or invisible to established histological methods. The high analytical reproducibility necessary for the biomedical application of mass spectrometry imaging means it is widely developed in mass spectrometry laboratories. However, many lack the expertise to correctly annotate the complex anatomy of brain tissue, or have the capacity to analyze the number of animals required in preclinical studies, especially considering the significant variability in sizes of brain regions. To address this issue, we have developed a pipeline to automatically map mass spectrometry imaging data sets of mouse brains to the Allen Brain Reference Atlas, which contains publically available data combining gene expression with brain anatomical locations. Our pipeline enables facile and rapid interanimal comparisons by first testing if each animal's tissue section was sampled at a similar location and enabling the extraction of the biomolecular signatures from specific brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid M Abdelmoula
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, §Department of Human Genetics, and ∥Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
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183
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Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Lipidomics in situ: Insights into plant lipid metabolism from high resolution spatial maps of metabolites. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 54:32-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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184
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Recent methodological advances in MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2261-78. [PMID: 24652146 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for characterization of large, thermally labile biomolecules. Advantages of this analytical technique are high sensitivity, robustness, high-throughput capacity, and applicability to a wide range of compound classes. For some years, MALDI-MS has also been increasingly used for mass spectrometric imaging as well as in other areas of clinical research. Recently, several new concepts have been presented that have the potential to further advance the performance characteristics of MALDI. Among these innovations are novel matrices with low proton affinities for particularly efficient protonation of analyte molecules, use of wavelength-tunable lasers to achieve optimum excitation conditions, and use of liquid matrices for improved quantification. Instrumental modifications have also made possible MALDI-MS imaging with cellular resolution as well as an efficient generation of multiply charged MALDI ions by use of heated vacuum interfaces. This article reviews these recent innovations and gives the author's personal outlook of possible future developments.
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185
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Nelson KA, Daniels GJ, Fournie JW, Hemmer MJ. Optimization of whole-body zebrafish sectioning methods for mass spectrometry imaging. J Biomol Tech 2014; 24:119-27. [PMID: 23997659 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.13-2403-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods and protocols have become widely adapted to a variety of tissues and species. However, the MSI literature contains minimal information on whole-body cryosection preparation for the zebrafish (ZF; Danio rerio), a model organism routinely used in developmental, toxicity, and carcinogenicity studies. The optimal medium for embedding and cryosectioning a whole organism or soft-tissue specimen for histological examination is a synthetic polymer mixture that is incompatible with MSI as a result of ion suppression. We describe the optimal methods and results for embedding and cryosectioning whole-body ZF for MALDI-MSI. We evaluated 13 distinct embedding media formulations and found a supportive hydrogel with the consistency of cartilage to be the optimal embedding medium. The hydrogel medium does not interfere with MSI data collection, aids in tissue stability, is readily available for purchase, and is easy to prepare and handle during cryosectioning. Additionally, we decreased the matrix cluster interference commonly caused by α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid by adding ammonium phosphate to the solvent spray solution. The optimized methods developed in our laboratory produced high-quality cryosections, as well as high-quality mass spectral images of sectioned ZF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Nelson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
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186
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Munteanu B, Meyer B, von Reitzenstein C, Burgermeister E, Bog S, Pahl A, Ebert MP, Hopf C. Label-Free in Situ Monitoring of Histone Deacetylase Drug Target Engagement by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Biotyping and Imaging. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4642-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elke Burgermeister
- Department
of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Bog
- Heidelberg Pharma
GmbH, Schriesheimer Strasse 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma
GmbH, Schriesheimer Strasse 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Matthias P. Ebert
- Department
of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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187
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Minerva L, Ceulemans A, Baggerman G, Arckens L. MALDI MS imaging as a tool for biomarker discovery: methodological challenges in a clinical setting. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 6:581-95. [PMID: 23090913 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MALDI MS imaging (MSI) is an analytical tool capable of providing spatial distribution and relative abundance of biomolecules directly in tissue. After 15 years of intense efforts to improve the acquisition and quality of molecular images, MSI has matured into an asset of the proteomic toolbox. The power of MSI lies in the ability to differentiate tissue regions that are not histologically distinct but are characterized by different MS profiles. Recently, MSI has been gaining momentum in biomedical research and has found applications in disease diagnosis and prognosis, biomarker discovery, and drug therapy. Although the technology holds great promise, MSI is still faced with a set of methodological challenges presented by the clinical setting. There is a growing awareness regarding this topic and efforts are being taken to develop clear and practical standards to overcome these challenges. This review presents an overview of MALDI MSI as a biomarker discovery tool and recent methodological progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Minerva
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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188
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Neubert P, Walch A. Current frontiers in clinical research application of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:259-73. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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189
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Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is capable of providing detailed atomic and molecular characterization of the surface chemistry of (bio)molecular samples. It is one of a range of mass spectrometry imaging techniques that combine the high sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry with the capability to view the distribution of analytes within solid samples. The technique is particularly suited to the detection and imaging of small molecules such as lipids and other metabolites. A limit of detection in the ppm range and spatial resolution <1 μm can be obtained. Recent progress in instrumental developments, including new cluster ion beams, the implementation of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and the application of multivariate data analysis protocols promise further advances. This chapter presents a brief overview of the technique and methodology of SIMS using exemplar studies of biological cells and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Lockyer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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190
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Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V, Valdés A, Simó C. Direct Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches in Metabolomics. FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED OMICS TECHNOLOGIES: FROM GENES TO METABOLITES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62651-6.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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191
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Lagunin AA, Goel RK, Gawande DY, Pahwa P, Gloriozova TA, Dmitriev AV, Ivanov SM, Rudik AV, Konova VI, Pogodin PV, Druzhilovsky DS, Poroikov VV. Chemo- and bioinformatics resources for in silico drug discovery from medicinal plants beyond their traditional use: a critical review. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1585-611. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An overview of databases andin silicotools for discovery of the hidden therapeutic potential of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Lagunin
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci
- Moscow, Russia
- Russian National Research Medical University
- Medico-Biologic Faculty
- Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajesh K. Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research
- Punjabi University
- Patiala-147002, India
| | - Dinesh Y. Gawande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research
- Punjabi University
- Patiala-147002, India
| | - Priynka Pahwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research
- Punjabi University
- Patiala-147002, India
| | | | | | - Sergey M. Ivanov
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci
- Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastassia V. Rudik
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci
- Moscow, Russia
| | - Varvara I. Konova
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci
- Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Pogodin
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci
- Moscow, Russia
- Russian National Research Medical University
- Medico-Biologic Faculty
- Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci
- Moscow, Russia
- Russian National Research Medical University
- Medico-Biologic Faculty
- Moscow, Russia
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192
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Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V, Valdés A, Simó C. Novel MS-based approaches and applications in food metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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193
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Škrášková K, Heeren RM. A review of complementary separation methods and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging: Lowering sample complexity. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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194
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Shimma S, Takashima Y, Hashimoto J, Yonemori K, Tamura K, Hamada A. Alternative two-step matrix application method for imaging mass spectrometry to avoid tissue shrinkage and improve ionization efficiency. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:1285-90. [PMID: 24338883 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) was used to measure the concentrations of drug and biological compounds in plasma and tissues. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging MS (IMS) has recently been applied to the analysis of localized drugs on biological tissue surfaces. In MALDI-IMS, matrix application process is crucial for successful results. However, it is difficult to obtain homogeneous matrix crystals on the tissue surface due to endogenous salts and tissue surface heterogeneity. Consequently, the non-uniform crystals degrade the quality of the spectrum and likely cause surface imaging artifacts. Furthermore, the direct application of matrix solution can cause tissue shrinkage due to the organic solvents. Here, we report an alternative two-step matrix application protocol which combines the vacuum deposition of matrix crystals and the spraying of matrix solution to produce a homogeneous matrix layer on the tissue surface. Our proposed technique can also prevent cracking or shrinking of the tissue samples and improve the ionization efficiency of the distributed exogenous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Shimma
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan; Division of Clinical Pharmacology Group for Translational Research Support Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
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195
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A critical evaluation of the current state-of-the-art in quantitative imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1275-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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196
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Zhu GT, He XM, Li XS, Wang ST, Luo YB, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Preparation of mesoporous silica embedded pipette tips for rapid enrichment of endogenous peptides. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1316:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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197
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Passarelli MK, Ewing AG. Single-cell imaging mass spectrometry. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:854-9. [PMID: 23948695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful technique used to map the distributions of endogenous biomolecules with subcellular resolution. Currently, secondary ion mass spectrometry is the predominant technique for single-cell IMS, thanks to its submicron lateral resolution and surface sensitivity. However, recent methodological and technological developments aimed at improving the spatial resolution of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) have made this technique a potential platform of single-cell IMS. MALDI opens the field of single-cell IMS to new possibilities, including single cell proteomic imaging and atmospheric pressure analyses; however, sensitivity is a challenge. In this report, we estimate the availability of proteins and lipids in a single cell and discuss strategies employed to improve sensitivity at the single-cell level.
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198
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Moore JL, Becker KW, Nicklay JJ, Boyd KL, Skaar EP, Caprioli RM. Imaging mass spectrometry for assessing temporal proteomics: analysis of calprotectin in Acinetobacter baumannii pulmonary infection. Proteomics 2013; 14:820-828. [PMID: 23754577 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imaging MS is routinely used to show spatial localization of proteins within a tissue sample and can also be employed to study temporal protein dynamics. The antimicrobial S100 protein calprotectin, a heterodimer of subunits S100A8 and S100A9, is an abundant cytosolic component of neutrophils. Using imaging MS, calprotectin can be detected as a marker of the inflammatory response to bacterial challenge. In a murine model of Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia, protein images of S100A8 and S100A9 collected at different time points throughout infection aid in visualization of the innate immune response to this pathogen. Calprotectin is detectable within 6 h of infection as immune cells respond to the invading pathogen. As the bacterial burden decreases, signals from the inflammatory proteins decrease. Calprotectin is no longer detectable 96-144 h post infection, correlating to a lack of detectable bacterial burden in lungs. These experiments provide a label-free, multiplexed approach to study host response to a bacterial threat and eventual clearance of the pathogen over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle W Becker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua J Nicklay
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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199
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Weaver EM, Hummon AB. Imaging mass spectrometry: from tissue sections to cell cultures. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1039-55. [PMID: 23571020 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has been a useful tool for investigating protein, peptide, drug and metabolite distributions in human and animal tissue samples for almost 15years. The major advantages of this method include a broad mass range, the ability to detect multiple analytes in a single experiment without the use of labels and the preservation of biologically relevant spatial information. Currently the majority of IMS experiments are based on imaging animal tissue sections or small tumor biopsies. An alternative method currently being developed is the application of IMS to three-dimensional cell and tissue culture systems. With new advances in tissue culture and engineering, these model systems are able to provide increasingly accurate, high-throughput and cost-effective models that recapitulate important characteristics of cell and tissue growth in vivo. This review will describe the most recent advances in IMS technology and the bright future of applying IMS to the field of three-dimensional cell and tissue culture.
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200
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Eriksson C, Masaki N, Yao I, Hayasaka T, Setou M. MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry-A Mini Review of Methods and Recent Developments. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2013; 2:S0022. [PMID: 24349941 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the only imaging method available, Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) can determine both the identity and the distribution of hundreds of molecules on tissue sections, all in one single run. IMS is becoming an established research technology, and due to recent technical and methodological improvements the interest in this technology is increasing steadily and within a wide range of scientific fields. Of the different IMS methods available, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) IMS is the most commonly employed. The course at IMSC 2012 in Kyoto covered the fundamental principles and techniques of MALDI-IMS, assuming no previous experience in IMS. This mini review summarizes the content of the one-day course and describes some of the most recent work performed within this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Eriksson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine ; Medical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University
| | - Noritaka Masaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Ikuko Yao
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University
| | - Takahiro Hayasaka
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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