151
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Role of the Ubiquitin System in Stress Granule Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073624. [PMID: 35408984 PMCID: PMC8999021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells react to various stress conditions with the rapid formation of membrane-less organelles called stress granules (SGs). SGs form by multivalent interactions between RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and are believed to protect stalled translation initiation complexes from stress-induced degradation. SGs contain hundreds of different mRNAs and proteins, and their assembly and disassembly are tightly controlled by post-translational modifications. The ubiquitin system, which mediates the covalent modification of target proteins with the small protein ubiquitin (‘ubiquitylation’), has been implicated in different aspects of SG metabolism, but specific functions in SG turnover have only recently emerged. Here, we summarize the evidence for the presence of ubiquitylated proteins at SGs, review the functions of different components of the ubiquitin system in SG formation and clearance, and discuss the link between perturbed SG clearance and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. We conclude that the ubiquitin system plays an important, medically relevant role in SG biology.
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152
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Spatial sequestration of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:759-771. [PMID: 35311889 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Properly folded, functional proteins are essential for cell health. Cells sustain protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, via protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms. It is currently hypothesized that a breakdown in proteostasis during ageing leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates in the cell and disease. Sequestration of misfolded proteins into PQC compartments represents one branch of the PQC network. In neurodegenerative diseases, certain proteins form abnormal protein deposits. Which PQC compartments house misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases is still being investigated. It remains unclear if sequestration of these misfolded proteins is toxic or protective to the cell. Here, we review the current knowledge on various PQC compartments that form in the cell, the kinds of protein aggregates found in neurodegenerative diseases, and what is known about their sequestration. Understanding how protein sequestration occurs can shed light on why aggregates are toxic to the cell and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases.
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153
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Bjork RT, Mortimore NP, Loganathan S, Zarnescu DC. Dysregulation of Translation in TDP-43 Proteinopathies: Deficits in the RNA Supply Chain and Local Protein Production. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:840357. [PMID: 35321094 PMCID: PMC8935057 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.840357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local control of gene expression provides critical mechanisms for regulating development, maintenance and plasticity in the nervous system. Among the strategies known to govern gene expression locally, mRNA transport and translation have emerged as essential for a neuron’s ability to navigate developmental cues, and to establish, strengthen and remove synaptic connections throughout lifespan. Substantiating the role of RNA processing in the nervous system, several RNA binding proteins have been implicated in both developmental and age dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Of these, TDP-43 is an RNA binding protein that has emerged as a common denominator in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and related disorders due to the identification of causative mutations altering its function and its accumulation in cytoplasmic aggregates observed in a significant fraction of ALS/FTD cases, regardless of etiology. TDP-43 is involved in multiple aspects of RNA processing including splicing, transport and translation. Given that one of the early events in disease pathogenesis is mislocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, several studies have focused on elucidating the pathogenic role of TDP-43 in cytoplasmic translation. Here we review recent findings describing TDP-43 translational targets and potential mechanisms of translation dysregulation in TDP-43 proteinopathies across multiple experimental models including cultured cells, flies, mice and patient derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed T. Bjork
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Mortimore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Daniela C. Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniela C. Zarnescu,
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154
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Alagar Boopathy LR, Jacob-Tomas S, Alecki C, Vera M. Mechanisms tailoring the expression of heat shock proteins to proteostasis challenges. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101796. [PMID: 35248532 PMCID: PMC9065632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells possess an internal stress response to cope with environmental and pathophysiological challenges. Upon stress, cells reprogram their molecular functions to activate a survival mechanism known as the heat shock response, which mediates the rapid induction of molecular chaperones such as the heat shock proteins (HSPs). This potent production overcomes the general suppression of gene expression and results in high levels of HSPs to subsequently refold or degrade misfolded proteins. Once the damage or stress is repaired or removed, cells terminate the production of HSPs and resume regular functions. Thus, fulfillment of the stress response requires swift and robust coordination between stress response activation and completion that is determined by the status of the cell. In recent years, single-cell fluorescence microscopy techniques have begun to be used in unravelling HSP-gene expression pathways, from DNA transcription to mRNA degradation. In this review, we will address the molecular mechanisms in different organisms and cell types that coordinate the expression of HSPs with signaling networks that act to reprogram gene transcription, mRNA translation, and decay and ensure protein quality control.
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155
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Yildirim Z, Baboo S, Hamid SM, Dogan AE, Tufanli O, Robichaud S, Emerton C, Diedrich JK, Vatandaslar H, Nikolos F, Gu Y, Iwawaki T, Tarling E, Ouimet M, Nelson DL, Yates JR, Walter P, Erbay E. Intercepting IRE1 kinase-FMRP signaling prevents atherosclerosis progression. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15344. [PMID: 35191199 PMCID: PMC8988208 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Mental Retardation protein (FMRP), widely known for its role in hereditary intellectual disability, is an RNA‐binding protein (RBP) that controls translation of select mRNAs. We discovered that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces phosphorylation of FMRP on a site that is known to enhance translation inhibition of FMRP‐bound mRNAs. We show ER stress‐induced activation of Inositol requiring enzyme‐1 (IRE1), an ER‐resident stress‐sensing kinase/endoribonuclease, leads to FMRP phosphorylation and to suppression of macrophage cholesterol efflux and apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis). Conversely, FMRP deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of IRE1 kinase activity enhances cholesterol efflux and efferocytosis, reducing atherosclerosis in mice. Our results provide mechanistic insights into how ER stress‐induced IRE1 kinase activity contributes to macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and suggests IRE1 inhibition as a promising new way to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Yildirim
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabyasachi Baboo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Syed M Hamid
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Asli E Dogan
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Tufanli
- Lagone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina Robichaud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Emerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hasan Vatandaslar
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fotis Nikolos
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanghong Gu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Tarling
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David L Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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156
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Sidibé H, Vande Velde C. Collective Learnings of Studies of Stress Granule Assembly and Composition. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2428:199-228. [PMID: 35171482 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1975-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules have gained considerable exposure and interest in recent years. These micron-sized entities, composed of RNA and protein, form following a stress exposure and have been linked to several pathologies. Understanding stress granule function is paramount but has been arduous due to the membraneless nature of these organelles. Several new methodologies have recently been developed to catalogue the protein and RNA composition of stress granules. Collectively, this work has provided important insights to potential stress granule functions as well as molecular mechanisms for their assembly and disassembly. This chapter reviews the latest advancements in the understanding of stress granule dynamics and discusses the various protocols developed to study their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjara Sidibé
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CHUM Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CHUM Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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157
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Weis K, Hondele M. The Role of DEAD-Box ATPases in Gene Expression and the Regulation of RNA-Protein Condensates. Annu Rev Biochem 2022; 91:197-219. [PMID: 35303788 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DEAD-box ATPases constitute a very large protein family present in all cells, often in great abundance. From bacteria to humans, they play critical roles in many aspects of RNA metabolism, and due to their widespread importance in RNA biology, they have been characterized in great detail at both the structural and biochemical levels. DEAD-box proteins function as RNA-dependent ATPases that can unwind short duplexes of RNA, remodel ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, or act as clamps to promote RNP assembly. Yet, it often remains enigmatic how individual DEAD-box proteins mechanistically contribute to specific RNA-processing steps. Here, we review the role of DEAD-box ATPases in the regulation of gene expression and propose that one common function of these enzymes is in the regulation of liquid-liquid phase separation of RNP condensates. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Weis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Maria Hondele
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;
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158
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Milicevic K, Rankovic B, Andjus PR, Bataveljic D, Milovanovic D. Emerging Roles for Phase Separation of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cellular Pathology of ALS. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840256. [PMID: 35372329 PMCID: PMC8965147 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is emerging as a major principle for the mesoscale organization of proteins, RNAs, and membrane-bound organelles into biomolecular condensates. These condensates allow for rapid cellular responses to changes in metabolic activities and signaling. Nowhere is this regulation more important than in neurons and glia, where cellular physiology occurs simultaneously on a range of time- and length-scales. In a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), misregulation of biomolecular condensates leads to the formation of insoluble aggregates—a pathological hallmark of both sporadic and familial ALS. Here, we summarize how the emerging knowledge about the LLPS of ALS-related proteins corroborates with their aggregation. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to protein aggregation in ALS and how cells respond to these aggregates promises to open new directions for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Milicevic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava Rankovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavle R. Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Bataveljic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Danijela Bataveljic, ; Dragomir Milovanovic,
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Danijela Bataveljic, ; Dragomir Milovanovic,
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159
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Nolan LS, Chen J, Gonçalves AC, Bullen A, Towers ER, Steel KP, Dawson SJ, Gale JE. Targeted deletion of the RNA-binding protein Caprin1 leads to progressive hearing loss and impairs recovery from noise exposure in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2444. [PMID: 35165318 PMCID: PMC8844073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle associated protein 1 (Caprin1) is an RNA-binding protein that can regulate the cellular post-transcriptional response to stress. It is a component of both stress granules and neuronal RNA granules and is implicated in neurodegenerative disease, synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. Our previous work suggested that Caprin1 also plays a role in the response of the cochlea to stress. Here, targeted inner ear-deletion of Caprin1 in mice leads to an early onset, progressive hearing loss. Auditory brainstem responses from Caprin1-deficient mice show reduced thresholds, with a significant reduction in wave-I amplitudes compared to wildtype. Whilst hair cell structure and numbers were normal, the inner hair cell-spiral ganglion neuron (IHC-SGN) synapse revealed abnormally large post-synaptic GluA2 receptor puncta, a defect consistent with the observed wave-I reduction. Unlike wildtype mice, mild-noise-induced hearing threshold shifts in Caprin1-deficient mice did not recover. Oxidative stress triggered TIA-1/HuR-positive stress granule formation in ex-vivo cochlear explants from Caprin1-deficient mice, showing that stress granules could still be induced. Taken together, these findings suggest that Caprin1 plays a key role in maintenance of auditory function, where it regulates the normal status of the IHC-SGN synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Nolan
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Anwen Bullen
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Emily R Towers
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sally J Dawson
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Jonathan E Gale
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
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160
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Han D, Longhini AP, Zhang X, Hoang V, Wilson MZ, Kosik KS. Dynamic assembly of the mRNA m6A methyltransferase complex is regulated by METTL3 phase separation. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001535. [PMID: 35143475 PMCID: PMC8865655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
m6A methylation is the most abundant and reversible chemical modification on mRNA with approximately one-fourth of eukaryotic mRNAs harboring at least one m6A-modified base. The recruitment of the mRNA m6A methyltransferase writer complex to phase-separated nuclear speckles is likely to be crucial in its regulation; however, control over the activity of the complex remains unclear. Supported by our observation that a core catalytic subunit of the methyltransferase complex, METTL3, is endogenously colocalized within nuclear speckles as well as in noncolocalized puncta, we tracked the components of the complex with a Cry2-METTL3 fusion construct to disentangle key domains and interactions necessary for the phase separation of METTL3. METTL3 is capable of self-interaction and likely provides the multivalency to drive condensation. Condensates in cells necessarily contain myriad components, each with partition coefficients that establish an entropic barrier that can regulate entry into the condensate. In this regard, we found that, in contrast to the constitutive binding of METTL14 to METTL3 in both the diffuse and the dense phase, WTAP only interacts with METTL3 in dense phase and thereby distinguishes METTL3/METTL14 single complexes in the dilute phase from METTL3/METTL14 multicomponent condensates. Finally, control over METTL3/METTL14 condensation is determined by its small molecule cofactor, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which regulates conformations of two gate loops, and some cancer-associated mutations near gate loops can impair METTL3 condensation. Therefore, the link between SAM binding and the control of writer complex phase state suggests that the regulation of its phase state is a potentially critical facet of its functional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Longhini
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Vivian Hoang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Z. Wilson
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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161
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Szádeczky-Kardoss I, Szaker H, Verma R, Darkó É, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Silhavy D, Csorba T. Elongation factor TFIIS is essential for heat stress adaptation in plants. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1927-1950. [PMID: 35100405 PMCID: PMC8886746 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor TFIIS (transcription factor IIS) is structurally and biochemically probably the best characterized elongation cofactor of RNA polymerase II. However, little is known about TFIIS regulation or its roles during stress responses. Here, we show that, although TFIIS seems unnecessary under optimal conditions in Arabidopsis, its absence renders plants supersensitive to heat; tfIIs mutants die even when exposed to sublethal high temperature. TFIIS activity is required for thermal adaptation throughout the whole life cycle of plants, ensuring both survival and reproductive success. By employing a transcriptome analysis, we unravel that the absence of TFIIS makes transcriptional reprogramming sluggish, and affects expression and alternative splicing pattern of hundreds of heat-regulated transcripts. Transcriptome changes indirectly cause proteotoxic stress and deterioration of cellular pathways, including photosynthesis, which finally leads to lethality. Contrary to expectations of being constantly present to support transcription, we show that TFIIS is dynamically regulated. TFIIS accumulation during heat occurs in evolutionary distant species, including the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, dicot Brassica napus and monocot Hordeum vulgare, suggesting that the vital role of TFIIS in stress adaptation of plants is conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Szádeczky-Kardoss
- Genetics and Biotechnology Institute, MATE University, Szent-Györgyi A. u. 4, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Henrik Mihály Szaker
- Genetics and Biotechnology Institute, MATE University, Szent-Györgyi A. u. 4, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Eötvös Lóránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Radhika Verma
- Genetics and Biotechnology Institute, MATE University, Szent-Györgyi A. u. 4, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
- Doctorate School of Biological Sciences, MATE University, Pater Karoly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Éva Darkó
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Brunszvik u. 2., 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | | | - Dániel Silhavy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Csorba
- Genetics and Biotechnology Institute, MATE University, Szent-Györgyi A. u. 4, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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162
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Shin Y. Rich Phase Separation Behavior of Biomolecules. Mol Cells 2022; 45:6-15. [PMID: 34966005 PMCID: PMC8819493 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase separation is a thermodynamic process leading to the formation of compositionally distinct phases. For the past few years, numerous works have shown that biomolecular phase separation serves as biogenesis mechanisms of diverse intracellular condensates, and aberrant phase transitions are associated with disease states such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Condensates exhibit rich phase behaviors including multiphase internal structuring, noise buffering, and compositional tunability. Recent studies have begun to uncover how a network of intermolecular interactions can give rise to various biophysical features of condensates. Here, we review phase behaviors of biomolecules, particularly with regard to regular solution models of binary and ternary mixtures. We discuss how these theoretical frameworks explain many aspects of the assembly, composition, and miscibility of diverse biomolecular phases, and highlight how a model-based approach can help elucidate the detailed thermodynamic principle for multicomponent intracellular phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdae Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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163
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Buddika K, Huang YT, Ariyapala IS, Butrum-Griffith A, Norrell SA, O'Connor AM, Patel VK, Rector SA, Slovan M, Sokolowski M, Kato Y, Nakamura A, Sokol NS. Coordinated repression of pro-differentiation genes via P-bodies and transcription maintains Drosophila intestinal stem cell identity. Curr Biol 2022; 32:386-397.e6. [PMID: 34875230 PMCID: PMC8792327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of processing bodies (P-bodies), key sites of post-transcriptional control, in adult stem cells remains poorly understood. Here, we report that adult Drosophila intestinal stem cells, but not surrounding differentiated cells such as absorptive enterocytes (ECs), harbor P-bodies that contain Drosophila orthologs of mammalian P-body components DDX6, EDC3, EDC4, and LSM14A/B. A targeted RNAi screen in intestinal progenitor cells identified 39 previously known and 64 novel P-body regulators, including Patr-1, a gene necessary for P-body assembly. Loss of Patr-1-dependent P-bodies leads to a loss of stem cells that is associated with inappropriate expression of EC-fate gene nubbin. Transcriptomic analysis of progenitor cells identifies a cadre of such weakly transcribed pro-differentiation transcripts that are elevated after P-body loss. Altogether, this study identifies a P-body-dependent repression activity that coordinates with known transcriptional repression programs to maintain a population of in vivo stem cells in a state primed for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Buddika
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | | | - Sam A Norrell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Alex M O'Connor
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Viraj K Patel
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Samuel A Rector
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Mark Slovan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Yasuko Kato
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Department of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Nicholas S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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164
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Gao J, Zhan QW, Tang Z, Huang Y. The critical Transition from Soluble Complexes to Colloidal Aggregates of Polyelectrolyte Complexes at Non-stoichiometric Charge Ratios. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100880. [PMID: 35066951 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The transition from soluble to colloidal polyelectrolyte complex normally occurs at a critical non-stoichiometric charge ratio. Here, we demonstrated that the conventional batch mixing produces heterogeneous binding and complexation, which could easily mask this soluble-colloidal complex transition (sol-col transition) even for weakly binding polyelectrolytes like polyacrylic acid (PAA) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). When mixed efficiently using multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM), the sol-col transition occurs beyond a critical charge ratio (n-/n+) and the large colloidal complexes are formed through the aggregation of small primary complexes (as revealed by atomic force microscopy). Moreover, the sol-col transition occurs at a constant charge ratio below the overlapping concentration (c*) of the long host polyelectrolyte, but at lower charge ratios above c* due to chain entanglement. When adding NaCl to the solution, the sol-col transition charge ratio first decreases, then remained stable for a period and finally increased and vanished at high ionic strength. When replacing NaCl with chaotropic salts, the sol-col transition occurs at lower charge ratios, while kosmotropes had little impact. The solvent quality and polymer hydrophobicity effects are also discussed. With the assistance of rapid mixing, this study provides a more reliable way of studying the sol-col transition of polyelectrolyte complexes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Zhan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ziyao Tang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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165
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Tau mRNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Tangle Journey. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020241. [PMID: 35203451 PMCID: PMC8869323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau proteins are known to be mainly involved in regulation of microtubule dynamics. Besides this function, which is critical for axonal transport and signal transduction, tau proteins also have other roles in neurons. Moreover, tau proteins are turned into aggregates and consequently trigger many neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies, of which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the figurehead. Such pathological aggregation processes are critical for the onset of these diseases. Among the various causes of tau protein pathogenicity, abnormal tau mRNA metabolism, expression and dysregulation of tau post-translational modifications are critical steps. Moreover, the relevance of tau function to general mRNA metabolism has been highlighted recently in tauopathies. In this review, we mainly focus on how mRNA metabolism impacts the onset and development of tauopathies. Thus, we intend to portray how mRNA metabolism of, or mediated by, tau is associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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166
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Nabeel-Shah S, Lee H, Ahmed N, Burke GL, Farhangmehr S, Ashraf K, Pu S, Braunschweig U, Zhong G, Wei H, Tang H, Yang J, Marcon E, Blencowe BJ, Zhang Z, Greenblatt JF. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein binds host mRNAs and attenuates stress granules to impair host stress response. iScience 2022; 25:103562. [PMID: 34901782 PMCID: PMC8642831 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein is essential for viral replication, making it a promising target for antiviral drug and vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 infected patients exhibit an uncoordinated immune response; however, the underlying mechanistic details of this imbalance remain obscure. Here, starting from a functional proteomics workflow, we cataloged the protein-protein interactions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including an evolutionarily conserved specific interaction of N with the stress granule resident proteins G3BP1 and G3BP2. N localizes to stress granules and sequesters G3BPs away from their typical interaction partners, thus attenuating stress granule formation. We found that N binds directly to host mRNAs in cells, with a preference for 3' UTRs, and modulates target mRNA stability. We show that the N protein rewires the G3BP1 mRNA-binding profile and suppresses the physiological stress response of host cells, which may explain the imbalanced immune response observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nabeel-Shah
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyunmin Lee
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nujhat Ahmed
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Giovanni L Burke
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Farhangmehr
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kanwal Ashraf
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shuye Pu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Guoqing Zhong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hong Wei
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jianyi Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jack F Greenblatt
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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167
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De Jaeger-Braet J, Krause L, Buchholz A, Schnittger A. Heat stress reveals a specialized variant of the pachytene checkpoint in meiosis of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:433-454. [PMID: 34718750 PMCID: PMC8846176 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and fertility strongly depend on environmental conditions such as temperature. Remarkably, temperature also influences meiotic recombination and thus, the current climate change will affect the genetic make-up of plants. To better understand the effects of temperature on meiosis, we followed male meiocytes in Arabidopsis thaliana by live cell imaging under three temperature regimes: at 21°C; at heat shock conditions of 30°C and 34°C; after an acclimatization phase of 1 week at 30°C. This work led to a cytological framework of meiotic progression at elevated temperature. We determined that an increase from 21°C to 30°C speeds up meiosis with specific phases being more amenable to heat than others. An acclimatization phase often moderated this effect. A sudden increase to 34°C promoted a faster progression of early prophase compared to 21°C. However, the phase in which cross-overs mature was prolonged at 34°C. Since mutants involved in the recombination pathway largely did not show the extension of this phase at 34°C, we conclude that the delay is recombination-dependent. Further analysis also revealed the involvement of the ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED kinase in this prolongation, indicating the existence of a pachytene checkpoint in plants, yet in a specialized form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke De Jaeger-Braet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Buchholz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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168
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Srivastava RK, Mishra B, Muzaffar S, Gorbatyuk MS, Agarwal A, Mukhtar MS, Athar M. Dynamic Regulation of the Nexus Between Stress Granules, Roquin, and Regnase-1 Underlies the Molecular Pathogenesis of Warfare Vesicants. Front Immunol 2022; 12:809365. [PMID: 35082795 PMCID: PMC8784689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.809365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of chemical warfare agents is prohibited but they have been used in recent Middle Eastern conflicts. Their accidental exposure (e.g. arsenical lewisite) is also known and causes extensive painful cutaneous injury. However, their molecular pathogenesis is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that a nexus of stress granules (SGs), integrated stress, and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) Roquin and Reganse-1 play a key role. Lewisite and its prototype phenylarsine oxide (PAO) induce SG assembly in skin keratinocytes soon after exposure, which associate with various RBPs and translation-related proteins. SG disassembly was detected several hours after exposure. The dynamics of SG assembly-disassembly associates with the chemical insult and cell damage. Enhanced Roquin and Regnase-1 expression occurs when Roquin was recruited to SGs and Regnase-1 to the ribosome while in the disassembling SGs their expression is decreased with consequent induction of inflammatory mediators. SG-targeted protein translational control is regulated by the phosphorylation-dependent activation of eukaryotic initiation factors 2α (eIF2α). Treatment with integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB), which blocks eIF2α phosphorylation, impacted SG assembly dynamics. Topical application of ISRIB attenuated the inflammation and tissue disruption in PAO-challenged mice. Thus, the dynamic regulation of these pathways provides underpinning to cutaneous injury and identify translational therapeutic approach for these and similar debilitating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar Srivastava
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bharat Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Suhail Muzaffar
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marina S. Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mohammad Athar
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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169
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USP10 inhibits aberrant cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 by promoting stress granule clearance. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0039321. [PMID: 35007165 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00393-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is a causative factor of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates in neurons are a hallmark pathology of ALS. Under various stress conditions, TDP-43 localizes sequentially to two cytoplasmic protein aggregates: stress granules (SGs) first, and then aggresomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that delayed clearance of TDP-43-positive SGs is associated with pathological TDP-43 aggregates in ALS. We found that USP10 promotes the clearance of TDP-43-positive SGs in cells treated with proteasome inhibitor, thereby promoting the formation of TDP-43-positive aggresomes, and the depletion of USP10 increases the amount of insoluble TDP-35, a cleaved product of TDP-43, in the cytoplasm. TDP-35 interacted with USP10 in an RNA-binding dependent manner; however, impaired RNA-binding of TDP-35 reduced the localization in SGs and aggresomes and induced USP10-negative TDP-35 aggregates. Immunohistochemistry showed that most of the cytoplasmic TDP-43/TDP-35-aggregates in the neurons of ALS patients were USP10-negative. Our findings suggest that USP10 inhibits aberrant aggregation of TDP-43/TDP-35 in the cytoplasm of neuronal cells by promoting the clearance of TDP-43/TDP-35-positive SGs and facilitating the formation of TDP-43/TDP-35-positive aggresomes.
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170
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Zhao M, Xia T, Xing J, Yin L, Li X, Pan J, Liu J, Sun L, Wang M, Li T, Mao J, Han Q, Xue W, Cai H, Wang K, Xu X, Li T, He K, Wang N, Li A, Zhou T, Zhang X, Li W, Li T. The stress granule protein G3BP1 promotes pre-condensation of cGAS to allow rapid responses to DNA. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53166. [PMID: 34779554 PMCID: PMC8728604 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) functions as a key sensor for microbial invasion and cellular damage by detecting emerging cytosolic DNA. Here, we report that GTPase-activating protein-(SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) primes cGAS for its prompt activation by engaging cGAS in a primary liquid-phase condensation state. Using high-resolution microscopy, we show that in resting cells, cGAS exhibits particle-like morphological characteristics, which are markedly weakened when G3BP1 is deleted. Upon DNA challenge, the pre-condensed cGAS undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) more efficiently. Importantly, G3BP1 deficiency or its inhibition dramatically diminishes DNA-induced LLPS and the subsequent activation of cGAS. Interestingly, RNA, previously reported to form condensates with cGAS, does not activate cGAS. Accordingly, we find that DNA - but not RNA - treatment leads to the dissociation of G3BP1 from cGAS. Taken together, our study shows that the primary condensation state of cGAS is critical for its rapid response to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Qing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Le‐Hua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Li‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
- Nanhu LaboratoryJiaxingChina
| | - Jie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Qiu‐Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
- Nanhu LaboratoryJiaxingChina
| | - Wen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
- Nanhu LaboratoryJiaxingChina
| | - Hong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Teng Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Kun He
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Ai‐Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
- Nanhu LaboratoryJiaxingChina
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
- Nanhu LaboratoryJiaxingChina
| | - Xue‐Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
- Nanhu LaboratoryJiaxingChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei‐Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijingChina
- Nanhu LaboratoryJiaxingChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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171
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Hamon L, Budkina K, Pastré D. YB-1 Structure/Function Relationship in the Packaging of mRNPs and Consequences for Translation Regulation and Stress Granule Assembly in Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:S20-S93. [PMID: 35501984 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922140036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
From their synthesis in the nucleus to their degradation in the cytoplasm, all mRNAs have the same objective, which is to translate the DNA-stored genetic information into functional proteins at the proper time and location. To this end, many proteins are generally associated with mRNAs as soon as transcription takes place in the nucleus to organize spatiotemporal regulation of the gene expression in cells. Here we reviewed how YB-1 (YBX1 gene), one of the major mRNA-binding proteins in the cytoplasm, packaged mRNAs into either compact or extended linear nucleoprotein mRNPs. Interestingly the structural plasticity of mRNPs coordinated by YB-1 could provide means for the contextual regulation of mRNA translation. Posttranslational modification of YB-1, notably in the long unstructured YB-1 C-terminal domain (CTD), and/or the protein partners of YB-1 may play a key role in activation/inactivation of mRNPs in the cells notably in response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Hamon
- SABNP, UnivEvry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91025, France.
| | - Karina Budkina
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - David Pastré
- SABNP, UnivEvry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91025, France.
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172
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Choi S, Choi S, Choi Y, Cho N, Kim SY, Lee CH, Park HJ, Oh WK, Kim KK, Kim EM. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate increases stress granule formation in human 3D lung organoids under respiratory syncytial virus infection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113094. [PMID: 34942421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), a humidifier disinfectant, is known to cause lung toxicity, including inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PHMG-p on human lung tissue models (2D epithelial cells and 3D organoids) under conditions of oxidative stress and viral infection. The effect of PHMG-p was studied by evaluating the formation of stress granules (SGs), which play a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to various stress conditions. Under oxidative stress and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, exposure to PHMG-p remarkably increased eIF2α phosphorylation, which is essential for SG-related signalling, and significantly increased SG formation. Furthermore, PHMG-p induced fibrotic gene expression and caused cell death due to severe DNA damage, which was further increased under oxidative stress and RSV infection, indicating that PHMG-p induces severe lung toxicity under stress conditions. Taken together, toxicity evaluation under various stressful conditions is necessary to accurately predict potential lung toxicity of chemicals affecting the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Choi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Yeongsoo Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea.
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173
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Morisaki T, Stasevich TJ. Single-Molecule Imaging of mRNA Interactions with Stress Granules. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2428:349-360. [PMID: 35171490 PMCID: PMC9191879 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1975-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule imaging in living cells enables the investigation of molecular dynamics and interactions underlying the physiology of a cell. We recently developed a method to visualize translation events at single-mRNA resolution in living cells. Here we describe how we apply this method to visualize mRNA interactions with stress granules in the context of translational activity during cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Morisaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Timothy J Stasevich
- World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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174
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Das S, Santos L, Failla AV, Ignatova Z. mRNAs sequestered in stress granules recover nearly completely for translation. RNA Biol 2022; 19:877-884. [PMID: 35796440 PMCID: PMC9272840 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2094137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less condensates composed of RNA and protein that assemble in response to stress stimuli and disassemble when stress is lifted. Both assembly and disassembly are tightly controlled processes, yet, it remains elusive whether mRNAs in SGs completely recover for translation following stress relief. Using RNA-seq of translating fractions in human cell line, we found that higher fraction of the m6A-modified mRNAs recovered for translation compared to unmodified mRNAs, i.e. 95% vs 84%, respectively. Considering structural mRNA analysis, we found that the m6A modification enhances structuring at nucleotides in its close vicinity. Our results suggest that SG-sequestered mRNAs disassemble nearly completely from SGs and the m6A modification may display some advantage to the mRNAs in their recovery for translation likely by m6A-driven structural stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarada Das
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Santos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Zoya Ignatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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175
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Nedelsky NB, Taylor JP. Pathological phase transitions in ALS-FTD impair dynamic RNA-protein granules. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:97-113. [PMID: 34706979 PMCID: PMC8675280 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079001.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The genetics of human disease serves as a robust and unbiased source of insight into human biology, both revealing fundamental cellular processes and exposing the vulnerabilities associated with their dysfunction. Over the last decade, the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have epitomized this concept, as studies of ALS-FTD-causing mutations have yielded fundamental discoveries regarding the role of biomolecular condensation in organizing cellular contents while implicating disturbances in condensate dynamics as central drivers of neurodegeneration. Here we review this genetic evidence, highlight its intersection with patient pathology, and discuss how studies in model systems have revealed a role for aberrant condensation in neuronal dysfunction and death. We detail how multiple, distinct types of disease-causing mutations promote pathological phase transitions that disturb the dynamics and function of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. Dysfunction of RNP granules causes pleiotropic defects in RNA metabolism and can drive the evolution of these structures to end-stage pathological inclusions characteristic of ALS-FTD. We propose that aberrant phase transitions of these complex condensates in cells provide a parsimonious explanation for the widespread cellular abnormalities observed in ALS as well as certain histopathological features that characterize late-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B Nedelsky
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
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176
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De Graeve F, Formicola N, Pushpalatha KV, Nakamura A, Debreuve E, Descombes X, Besse F. Detecting Stress Granules in Drosophila Neurons. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2428:229-242. [PMID: 35171483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1975-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein condensates that dynamically and reversibly assemble in response to stress. They are thought to contribute to the adaptive stress response by storing translationally inactive mRNAs as well as signaling molecules. Recent work has shown that SG composition and properties depend on both stress and cell types, and that neurons exhibit a complex SG proteome and a strong vulnerability to mutations in SG proteins. Drosophila has emerged as a powerful genetically tractable organism where to study the physiological regulation and functions of SGs in normal and pathological contexts. In this chapter, we describe a protocol enabling quantitative analysis of SG properties in both larval and adult Drosophila CNS samples. In this protocol, fluorescently tagged SGs are induced upon acute ex vivo stress or chronic in vivo stress, imaged at high-resolution via confocal microscopy and detected automatically, using a dedicated software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne De Graeve
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Nadia Formicola
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | | | - Akira Nakamura
- Department of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eric Debreuve
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inria, Laboratoire I3S, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Xavier Descombes
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, Laboratoire I3S, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Florence Besse
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France.
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177
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Carey SB, Bolger TA. Translational control by helicases during cellular stress. Methods Enzymol 2022; 673:103-140. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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178
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Böddeker TJ, Rosowski KA, Berchtold D, Emmanouilidis L, Han Y, Allain FHT, Style RW, Pelkmans L, Dufresne ER. Non-specific adhesive forces between filaments and membraneless organelles. NATURE PHYSICS 2022; 18:571-578. [PMID: 35582428 PMCID: PMC9106579 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-022-01537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Many membraneless organelles are liquid-like domains that form inside the active, viscoelastic environment of living cells through phase separation. To investigate the potential coupling of phase separation with the cytoskeleton, we quantify the structural correlations of membraneless organelles (stress granules) and cytoskeletal filaments (microtubules) in a human-derived epithelial cell line. We find that microtubule networks are substantially denser in the vicinity of stress granules. When microtubules are depolymerized, the sub-units localize near the surface of the stress granules. We interpret these data using a thermodynamic model of partitioning of particles to the surface and bulk of the droplets. In this framework, our data are consistent with a weak (≲k B T) affinity of the microtubule sub-units for stress granule interfaces. As microtubules polymerize, their interfacial affinity increases, providing sufficient adhesion to deform droplets and/or the network. Our work suggests that proteins and other objects in the cell have a non-specific affinity for droplet interfaces that increases with the contact area and becomes most apparent when they have no preference for the interior of a droplet over the rest of the cytoplasm. We validate this basic physical phenomenon in vitro through the interaction of a simple protein-RNA condensate with microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doris Berchtold
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yaning Han
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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179
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Yan Y, Gan J, Tao Y, Okita TW, Tian L. RNA-Binding Proteins: The Key Modulator in Stress Granule Formation and Abiotic Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882596. [PMID: 35783947 PMCID: PMC9240754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To cope with abiotic environmental stress, plants rapidly change their gene expression transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally, the latter by translational suppression of selected proteins and the assembly of cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) that sequester mRNA transcripts. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are the major players in these post-transcriptional processes, which control RNA processing in the nucleus, their export from the nucleus, and overall RNA metabolism in the cytoplasm. Because of their diverse modular domain structures, various RBP types dynamically co-assemble with their targeted RNAs and interacting proteins to form SGs, a process that finely regulates stress-responsive gene expression. This review summarizes recent findings on the involvement of RBPs in adapting plants to various abiotic stresses via modulation of specific gene expression events and SG formation. The relationship of these processes with the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghuang Gan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas W. Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas W. Okita,
| | - Li Tian
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Li Tian,
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180
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Trivlidis J, Aloufi N, Al-Habeeb F, Nair P, Azuelos I, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. HuR drives lung fibroblast differentiation but not metabolic reprogramming in response to TGF-β and hypoxia. Respir Res 2021; 22:323. [PMID: 34963461 PMCID: PMC8715577 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis is thought to be driven by recurrent alveolar epithelial injury which leads to the differentiation of fibroblasts into α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts and subsequent deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in fibroblast differentiation, which we have recently shown involves human antigen R (HuR). HuR is an RNA binding protein that also increases the translation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) mRNA, a transcription factor critical for inducing a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis. This metabolic shift may cause fibroblast differentiation. We hypothesized that under hypoxic conditions, HuR controls myofibroblast differentiation and glycolytic reprogramming in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Methods Primary HLFs were cultured in the presence (or absence) of TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) under hypoxic (1% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) conditions. Evaluation included mRNA and protein expression of glycolytic and myofibroblast/ECM markers by qRT-PCR and western blot. Metabolic profiling was done by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- NMR). Separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of HuR on metabolic reprogramming using siRNA-mediated knock-down. Results Hypoxia alone had no significant effect on fibroblast differentiation or metabolic reprogramming. While hypoxia- together with TGFβ1- increased mRNA levels of differentiation and glycolysis genes, such as ACTA2, LDHA, and HK2, protein levels of α-SMA and collagen 1 were significantly reduced. Hypoxia induced cytoplasmic translocation of HuR. Knockdown of HuR reduced features of fibroblast differentiation in response to TGF-β1 with and without hypoxia, including α-SMA and the ECM marker collagen I, but had no effect on lactate secretion. Conclusions Hypoxia reduced myofibroblasts differentiation and lactate secretion in conjunction with TGF-β. HuR is an important protein in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation but does not control glycolysis in HLFs in response to hypoxia. More research is needed to understand the functional implications of HuR in IPF pathogenesis.
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181
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Asadi MR, Moslehian MS, Sabaie H, Poornabi M, Ghasemi E, Hassani M, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Stress Granules in the Anti-Cancer Medications Mechanism of Action: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:797549. [PMID: 35004322 PMCID: PMC8739770 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.797549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granule (SG) formation is a well-known cellular mechanism for minimizing stress-related damage and increasing cell survival. In addition to playing a critical role in the stress response, SGs have emerged as critical mediators in human health. It seems logical that SGs play a key role in cancer cell formation, development, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that many SG components contribute to the anti-cancer medications' responses through tumor-associated signaling pathways and other mechanisms. SG proteins are known for their involvement in the translation process, control of mRNA stability, and capacity to function in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The current systematic review aimed to include all research on the impact of SGs on the mechanism of action of anti-cancer medications and was conducted using a six-stage methodological framework and the PRISMA guideline. Prior to October 2021, a systematic search of seven databases for eligible articles was performed. Following the review of the publications, the collected data were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Notably, Bortezomib, Sorafenib, Oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Doxorubicin accounted for the majority of the medications examined in the studies. Overall, this systematic scoping review attempts to demonstrate and give a complete overview of the function of SGs in the mechanism of action of anti-cancer medications by evaluating all research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hani Sabaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziye Poornabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassani
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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182
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Liu Y, Liu S, Shi H, Ma J, Jing M, Han Y. The TSN1 Binding Protein RH31 Is a Component of Stress Granules and Participates in Regulation of Salt-Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:804356. [PMID: 35003193 PMCID: PMC8733394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.804356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nucleases (TSNs) are evolutionarily conserved RNA binding proteins, which include redundant TSN1 and TSN2 in Arabidopsis. It has been showed TSNs are the components of stress granules (SGs) and regulate plant growth under salt stress. In this study, we find a binding protein of TSN1, RH31, which is a DEAD-box RNA helicase (RH). Subcellular localization studies show that RH31 is mainly located in the nucleus, but under salinity, it translocates to the cytoplasm where it accumulates in cytoplasmic granules. After cycloheximide (CHX) treatment which can block the formation of SGs by interfering with mRNP homeostasis, these cytoplasmic granules disappeared. More importantly, RH31 co-localizes with SGs marker protein RBP47. RH31 deletion results in salt-hypersensitive phenotype, while RH31 overexpression causes more resistant to salt stress. In summary, we demonstrate that RH31, the TSN1 binding protein, is a component of plant SGs and participates in regulation of salt-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Wheat Research Institute, Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Meng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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183
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Culurciello R, Bosso A, Di Fabio G, Zarrelli A, Arciello A, Carella F, Leonardi L, Pazzaglia L, De Vico G, Pizzo E. Cytotoxicity of an Innovative Pressurised Cyclic Solid-Liquid (PCSL) Extract from Artemisia annua. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120886. [PMID: 34941723 PMCID: PMC8706793 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic treatments with Artemisia annua have a long-established tradition in various diseases due to its antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-malaria and anti-cancer effects. However, in relation to the latter, virtually all reports focused on toxic effects of A. annua extracts were obtained mostly through conventional maceration methods. In the present study, an innovative extraction procedure from A. annua, based on pressurised cyclic solid–liquid (PCSL) extraction, resulted in the production of a new phytocomplex with enhanced anti-cancer properties. This extraction procedure generated a pressure gradient due to compressions and following decompressions, allowing to directly perform the extraction without any maceration. The toxic effects of A. annua PCSL extract were tested on different cells, including three cancer cell lines. The results of this study clearly indicate that the exposure of human, murine and canine cancer cells to serial dilutions of PCSL extract resulted in higher toxicity and stronger propensity to induce apoptosis than that detected by subjecting the same cells to Artemisia extracts obtained through canonical extraction by maceration. Collected data suggest that PCSL extract of A. annua could be a promising and economic new therapeutic tool to treat human and animal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Culurciello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (A.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (A.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.D.F.); (A.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.D.F.); (A.Z.); (A.A.)
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT CENTER), University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.D.F.); (A.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (A.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Leonardo Leonardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine—Veterinary Pathology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gionata De Vico
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (A.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (A.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.V.); (E.P.)
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184
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Filippelli RL, Omer A, Li S, van Oostende-Triplet C, Gallouzi IE, Chang NC. Automated Quantification of Subcellular Particles in Myogenic Progenitors. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e325. [PMID: 34879178 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool enabling the visualization of protein localization within cells. In this article, we outline an automated and non-biased way to detect and quantify subcellular particles using immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, and the program CellProfiler. We discuss the examination of two types of subcellular particles: messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granules, namely processing bodies and stress granules, and autophagosomes. Fluorescent microscopy Z-stacks are acquired and deconvolved, and maximum intensity images are generated. The number of subcellular particles per cell is then quantified using the described CellProfiler pipeline. We also explain how to isolate primary myoblast progenitor cells from mice, which were used to obtain the presented results. Last, we discuss the critical parameters to be considered for each of these techniques. Both mRNP granules and autophagosomes play important roles in sequestering intracellular cargo, such as messenger RNAs and RNA-binding proteins for mRNP granules and cytoplasmic waste for autophagosomes. The methods outlined in this article are widely applicable for studies relating to subcellular particle formation, localization, and flux during homeostasis, following stimuli, and during disease. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Immunofluorescence microscopy of messenger ribonucleoprotein granules in primary myoblasts Alternate Protocol: Immunofluorescence microscopy of autophagosomes in primary myoblasts Support Protocol: Isolation of primary myoblasts from mice Basic Protocol 2: Automated quantification of subcellular particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amr Omer
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shulei Li
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Imed E Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natasha C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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185
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Luo YY, Wu JJ, Li YM. Regulation of liquid-liquid phase separation with focus on post-translational modifications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13275-13287. [PMID: 34816836 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a type of phase transition that is important in organisms, is a unique means of forming biomolecular condensates. LLPS plays a significant role in transcription, genome organisation, immune response and cell signaling, and its dysregulation may cause neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Exploring the regulatory mechanism of LLPS contributes to the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of abnormal phase transition and enables potential therapeutic targets to be proposed. Many factors have been found to regulate LLPS, of which post-translational modification (PTM) is among the most important. PTMs can change the structure, charge, hydrophobicity and other properties of the proteins involved in phase separation and thereby affect the phase transition behaviour. In this review, we discuss LLPS and the regulatory effects of PTMs, RNA and molecular chaperones in a phase separation system. We introduce several common PTMs (including phosphorylation, arginine methylation, arginine citrullination, acetylation, ubiquitination and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation), highlight recent advances regarding their roles in LLPS and describe the regulatory mechanisms behind these features. This review provides a detailed overview of the field that will help further the understanding of and interventions in LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yi Luo
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Jun Wu
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China. .,Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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186
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Fernández-Alvarez AJ, Thomas MG, Pascual ML, Habif M, Pimentel J, Corbat AA, Pessoa JP, La Spina PE, Boscaglia L, Plessis A, Carmo-Fonseca M, Grecco HE, Casado M, Boccaccio GL. Smaug1 membrane-less organelles respond to AMPK/mTOR and affect mitochondrial function‡. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273619. [PMID: 34859817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Smaug is a conserved translational regulator that binds numerous mRNAs, including nuclear transcripts that encode mitochondrial enzymes. Smaug orthologs form cytosolic membrane-less organelles (MLOs) in several organisms and cell types. We have performed single-molecule FISH assays that revealed that SDHB and UQCRC1 mRNAs associate with Smaug1 bodies in U2OS cells. Loss of function of Smaug1 and Smaug2 affected both mitochondrial respiration and morphology of the mitochondrial network. Phenotype rescue by Smaug1 transfection depends on the presence of its RNA binding domain. Moreover, we identified specific Smaug1 domains involved in MLO formation, and found that impaired Smaug1 MLO condensation correlates with mitochondrial defects. Mitochondrial Complex I inhibition by rotenone -but not strong mitochondrial uncoupling by CCCP- rapidly induced Smaug1 MLOs dissolution. Metformin and rapamycin elicited similar effects, which were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK. Finally, we found that Smaug1 MLO dissolution weakens the interaction with target mRNAs, thus enabling their release. We propose that mitochondrial respiration and the AMPK/mTOR balance controls the condensation and dissolution of Smaug1 MLOs, thus regulating nuclear mRNAs that encode key mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Fernández-Alvarez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Thomas
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena L Pascual
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Habif
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Buenos Aires, and IFIBA, CONICET, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jerónimo Pimentel
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín A Corbat
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Buenos Aires, and IFIBA, CONICET, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - João P Pessoa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pablo E La Spina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Anne Plessis
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hernán E Grecco
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Buenos Aires, and IFIBA, CONICET, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Valencia 46010, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Graciela L Boccaccio
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Physiology (FBMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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187
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Mukhopadhyay C, Yang C, Xu L, Liu D, Wang Y, Huang D, Deonarine LD, Cyrta J, Davicioni E, Sboner A, Robinson BD, Chinnaiyan AM, Rubin MA, Barbieri CE, Zhou P. G3BP1 inhibits Cul3 SPOP to amplify AR signaling and promote prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6662. [PMID: 34795264 PMCID: PMC8602290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts as a prostate-specific tumor suppressor with several key substrates mediating oncogenic function. However, the mechanisms underlying SPOP regulation are largely unknown. Here, we have identified G3BP1 as an interactor of SPOP and functions as a competitive inhibitor of Cul3SPOP, suggesting a distinctive mode of Cul3SPOP inactivation in prostate cancer (PCa). Transcriptomic analysis and functional studies reveal a G3BP1-SPOP ubiquitin signaling axis that promotes PCa progression through activating AR signaling. Moreover, AR directly upregulates G3BP1 transcription to further amplify G3BP1-SPOP signaling in a feed-forward manner. Our study supports a fundamental role of G3BP1 in disabling the tumor suppressive Cul3SPOP, thus defining a PCa cohort independent of SPOP mutation. Therefore, there are significantly more PCa that are defective for SPOP ubiquitin ligase than previously appreciated, and these G3BP1high PCa are more susceptible to AR-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Deli Liu
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dennis Huang
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lesa Dayal Deonarine
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joanna Cyrta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christopher E Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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188
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Abbatemarco S, Bondaz A, Schwager F, Wang J, Hammell CM, Gotta M. PQN-59 and GTBP-1 contribute to stress granule formation but are not essential for their assembly in C. elegans embryos. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273437. [PMID: 34661238 PMCID: PMC8645233 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
When exposed to stressful conditions, eukaryotic cells respond by inducing the formation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes called stress granules. Here, we use C. elegans to study two proteins that are important for stress granule assembly in human cells – PQN-59, the human UBAP2L ortholog, and GTBP-1, the human G3BP1 and G3BP2 ortholog. Both proteins assemble into stress granules in the embryo and in the germline when C. elegans is exposed to stressful conditions. Neither of the two proteins is essential for the assembly of stress-induced granules, as shown by the single and combined depletions by RNAi, and neither pqn-59 nor gtbp-1 mutant embryos show higher sensitivity to stress than control embryos. We find that pqn-59 mutants display reduced progeny and a high percentage of embryonic lethality, phenotypes that are not dependent on stress exposure and that are not shared with gtbp-1 mutants. Our data indicate that, in contrast to human cells, PQN-59 and GTBP-1 are not required for stress granule formation but that PQN-59 is important for C. elegans development. Summary: In contrast to human cells, where the UBAP2L and G3BP1 and G3BP2 proteins are crucial nucleators of stress granules, the C. elegans orthologs are not essential for this process in worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Abbatemarco
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Bondaz
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francoise Schwager
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Monica Gotta
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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189
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RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111870. [PMID: 34769301 PMCID: PMC8584444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic cellular heterogeneity and molecular complexity of the mammalian nervous system relies substantially on the dynamic nature and spatiotemporal patterning of gene expression. These features of gene expression are achieved in part through mechanisms involving various epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNA activity, amongst others. In concert, another regulatory layer by which RNA bases and sugar residues are chemically modified enhances neuronal transcriptome complexity. Similar RNA modifications in other systems collectively constitute the cellular epitranscriptome that integrates and impacts various physiological processes. The epitranscriptome is dynamic and is reshaped constantly to regulate vital processes such as development, differentiation and stress responses. Perturbations of the epitranscriptome can lead to various pathogenic conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular abnormalities and neurological diseases. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled us to identify and locate modified bases/sugars on different RNA species. These RNA modifications modulate the stability, transport and, most importantly, translation of RNA. In this review, we discuss the formation and functions of some frequently observed RNA modifications—including methylations of adenine and cytosine bases, and isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine—at various layers of RNA metabolism, together with their contributions to abnormal physiological conditions that can lead to various neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
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190
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The RNA helicase Ded1 regulates translation and granule formation during multiple phases of cellular stress responses. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 42:e0024421. [PMID: 34723653 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00244-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ded1 is a conserved RNA helicase that promotes translation initiation in steady-state conditions. Ded1 has also been shown to regulate translation during cellular stress and affect the dynamics of stress granules (SGs), accumulations of RNA and protein linked to translation repression. To better understand its role in stress responses, we examined Ded1 function in two different models: DED1 overexpression and oxidative stress. DED1 overexpression inhibits growth and promotes the formation of SGs. A ded1 mutant lacking the low-complexity C-terminal region (ded1-ΔCT), which mediates Ded1 oligomerization and interaction with the translation factor eIF4G1, suppressed these phenotypes, consistent with other stresses. During oxidative stress, a ded1-ΔCT mutant was defective in growth and in SG formation compared to wild-type cells, although SGs were increased rather than decreased in these conditions. Unlike stress induced by direct TOR inhibition, the phenotypes in both models were only partially dependent on eIF4G1 interaction, suggesting an additional contribution from Ded1 oligomerization. Furthermore, examination of the growth defects and translational changes during oxidative stress suggested that Ded1 plays a role during recovery from stress. Integrating these disparate results, we propose that Ded1 controls multiple aspects of translation and RNP dynamics in both initial stress responses and during recovery.
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191
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Nicolet BP, Zandhuis ND, Lattanzio VM, Wolkers MC. Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:10-29. [PMID: 34486113 PMCID: PMC9292449 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell homeostasis, T cell differentiation, and T cell effector function rely on the constant fine-tuning of gene expression. To alter the T cell state, substantial remodeling of the proteome is required. This remodeling depends on the intricate interplay of regulatory mechanisms, including post-transcriptional gene regulation. In this review, we discuss how the sequence of a transcript influences these post-transcriptional events. In particular, we review how sequence determinants such as sequence conservation, GC content, and chemical modifications define the levels of the mRNA and the protein in a T cell. We describe the effect of different forms of alternative splicing on mRNA expression and protein production, and their effect on subcellular localization. In addition, we discuss the role of sequences and structures as binding hubs for miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins in T cells. The review thus highlights how the intimate interplay of post-transcriptional mechanisms dictate cellular fate decisions in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit P. Nicolet
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nordin D. Zandhuis
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - V. Maria Lattanzio
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Monika C. Wolkers
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
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192
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Sankaranarayanan M, Emenecker RJ, Wilby EL, Jahnel M, Trussina IREA, Wayland M, Alberti S, Holehouse AS, Weil TT. Adaptable P body physical states differentially regulate bicoid mRNA storage during early Drosophila development. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2886-2901.e6. [PMID: 34655524 PMCID: PMC8555633 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleoprotein condensates can exhibit diverse physical states in vitro and in vivo. Despite considerable progress, the relevance of condensate physical states for in vivo biological function remains limited. Here, we investigated the physical properties of processing bodies (P bodies) and their impact on mRNA storage in mature Drosophila oocytes. We show that the conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase Me31B forms viscous P body condensates, which adopt an arrested physical state. We demonstrate that structurally distinct proteins and protein-protein interactions, together with RNA, regulate the physical properties of P bodies. Using live imaging and in situ hybridization, we show that the arrested state and integrity of P bodies support the storage of bicoid (bcd) mRNA and that egg activation modulates P body properties, leading to the release of bcd for translation in the early embryo. Together, this work provides an example of how physical states of condensates regulate cellular function in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
| | - Ryan J Emenecker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elise L Wilby
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Marcus Jahnel
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Irmela R E A Trussina
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matt Wayland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Simon Alberti
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Timothy T Weil
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
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193
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Gao Z, Zhang W, Chang R, Zhang S, Yang G, Zhao G. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:751880. [PMID: 34759902 PMCID: PMC8573418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.751880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous examples of microbial phase-separated biomolecular condensates have now been identified following advances in fluorescence imaging and single molecule microscopy technologies. The structure, function, and potential applications of these microbial condensates are currently receiving a great deal of attention. By neatly compartmentalizing proteins and their interactors in membrane-less organizations while maintaining free communication between these macromolecules and the external environment, microbial cells are able to achieve enhanced metabolic efficiency. Typically, these condensates also possess the ability to rapidly adapt to internal and external changes. The biological functions of several phase-separated condensates in small bacterial cells show evolutionary convergence with the biological functions of their eukaryotic paralogs. Artificial microbial membrane-less organelles are being constructed with application prospects in biocatalysis, biosynthesis, and biomedicine. In this review, we provide an overview of currently known biomolecular condensates driven by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in microbial cells, and we elaborate on their biogenesis mechanisms and biological functions. Additionally, we highlight the major challenges and future research prospects in studying microbial LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guiwen Yang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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194
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Silencing of the ER and Integrative Stress Responses in the Liver of Mice with Error-Prone Translation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112856. [PMID: 34831079 PMCID: PMC8616113 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational errors frequently arise during protein synthesis, producing misfolded and dysfunctional proteins. Chronic stress resulting from translation errors may be particularly relevant in tissues that must synthesize and secrete large amounts of secretory proteins. Here, we studied the proteostasis networks in the liver of mice that express the Rps2-A226Y ribosomal ambiguity (ram) mutation to increase the translation error rate across all proteins. We found that Rps2-A226Y mice lack activation of the eIF2 kinase/ATF4 pathway, the main component of the integrated stress response (ISR), as well as the IRE1 and ATF6 pathways of the ER unfolded protein response (ER-UPR). Instead, we found downregulation of chronic ER stress responses, as indicated by reduced gene expression for lipogenic pathways and acute phase proteins, possibly via upregulation of Sirtuin-1. In parallel, we observed activation of alternative proteostasis responses, including the proteasome and the formation of stress granules. Together, our results point to a concerted response to error-prone translation to alleviate ER stress in favor of activating alternative proteostasis mechanisms, most likely to avoid cell damage and apoptotic pathways, which would result from persistent activation of the ER and integrated stress responses.
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195
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A Systems Approach to Interrogate Gene Expression Patterns in African American Men Presenting with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205143. [PMID: 34680291 PMCID: PMC8533960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Men of African origin have a 2–3 times greater chance of developing prostate cancer than those of European origin, and of patients that are diagnosed with the disease, men of African descent are 2 times more likely to die compared to white men. Men of African origin are still greatly underrepresented in genetic studies and clinical trials. This, unfortunately, means that new discoveries in cancer treatment are missing key information on the group with a greater chance of mortality. The objective of this study was to increase our knowledge of prostate cancer in men undergoing a prostate biopsy. We carried out RNA sequencing of biopsy specimens and examined racial differences in prostate gene expression. A gene expression signature was uncovered which separated the men based on their race. Furthermore, within men of African descent this signature separated men with the most severe clinical characteristics. Abstract An emerging theory about racial differences in cancer risk and outcomes is that psychological and social stressors influence cellular stress responses; however, limited empirical data are available on racial differences in cellular stress responses among men who are at risk for adverse prostate cancer outcomes. In this study, we undertook a systems approach to examine molecular profiles and cellular stress responses in an important segment of African American (AA) and European American (EA) men: men undergoing prostate biopsy. We assessed the prostate transcriptome with a single biopsy core via high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Transcriptomic analyses uncovered impacted biological pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Additionally, 187 genes mapping to the Gene Ontology (GO) terms RNA binding, structural constituent of ribosome, SRP-dependent co-translational protein targeting to membrane and the biological pathways, translation, L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression were differentially expressed (DE) between EA and AA. This signature allowed separation of AA and EA patients, and AA patients with the most severe clinical characteristics. AA patients with elevated expression levels of this genomic signature presented with higher Gleason scores, a greater number of positive core biopsies, elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and serum vitamin D deficiency. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed a high degree of connectivity between these 187 proteins.
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196
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Ishiguro A, Lu J, Ozawa D, Nagai Y, Ishihama A. ALS-linked FUS mutations dysregulate G-quadruplex-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation and liquid-to-solid transition. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101284. [PMID: 34624313 PMCID: PMC8567205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates in motor neurons. Recent discoveries of genetic mutations in ALS patients promoted research into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying ALS. FUS (fused in sarcoma) is a representative ALS-linked RNA-binding protein (RBP) that specifically recognizes G-quadruplex (G4)-DNA/RNAs. However, the effects of ALS-linked FUS mutations on the G4-RNA-binding activity and the phase behavior have never been investigated. Using the purified full-length FUS, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms of multidomain structures consisting of multiple functional modules that bind to G4. Here we succeeded to observe the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of FUS condensate formation and subsequent liquid-to-solid transition (LST) leading to the formation of FUS aggregates. This process was markedly promoted through FUS interaction with G4-RNA. To further investigate, we selected a total of eight representative ALS-linked FUS mutants within multidomain structures and purified these proteins. The regulation of G4-RNA-dependent LLPS and LST pathways was lost for all ALS-linked FUS mutants defective in G4-RNA recognition tested, supporting the essential role of G4-RNA in this process. Noteworthy, the P525L mutation that causes juvenile ALS exhibited the largest effect on both G4-RNA binding and FUS aggregation. The findings described herein could provide a clue to the hitherto undefined connection between protein aggregation and dysfunction of RBPs in the complex pathway of ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ishiguro
- Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jun Lu
- Medical Examination Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ozawa
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihama
- Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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197
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Gong C, Krupka JA, Gao J, Grigoropoulos NF, Giotopoulos G, Asby R, Screen M, Usheva Z, Cucco F, Barrans S, Painter D, Zaini NBM, Haupl B, Bornelöv S, Ruiz De Los Mozos I, Meng W, Zhou P, Blain AE, Forde S, Matthews J, Khim Tan MG, Burke GAA, Sze SK, Beer P, Burton C, Campbell P, Rand V, Turner SD, Ule J, Roman E, Tooze R, Oellerich T, Huntly BJ, Turner M, Du MQ, Samarajiwa SA, Hodson DJ. Sequential inverse dysregulation of the RNA helicases DDX3X and DDX3Y facilitates MYC-driven lymphomagenesis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4059-4075.e11. [PMID: 34437837 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DDX3X is a ubiquitously expressed RNA helicase involved in multiple stages of RNA biogenesis. DDX3X is frequently mutated in Burkitt lymphoma, but the functional basis for this is unknown. Here, we show that loss-of-function DDX3X mutations are also enriched in MYC-translocated diffuse large B cell lymphoma and reveal functional cooperation between mutant DDX3X and MYC. DDX3X promotes the translation of mRNA encoding components of the core translational machinery, thereby driving global protein synthesis. Loss-of-function DDX3X mutations moderate MYC-driven global protein synthesis, thereby buffering MYC-induced proteotoxic stress during early lymphomagenesis. Established lymphoma cells restore full protein synthetic capacity by aberrant expression of DDX3Y, a Y chromosome homolog, the expression of which is normally restricted to the testis. These findings show that DDX3X loss of function can buffer MYC-driven proteotoxic stress and highlight the capacity of male B cell lymphomas to then compensate for this loss by ectopic DDX3Y expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gong
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Joanna A Krupka
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Jie Gao
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | | | - George Giotopoulos
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ryan Asby
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Michael Screen
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Zelvera Usheva
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Sharon Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Daniel Painter
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Björn Haupl
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Bornelöv
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Igor Ruiz De Los Mozos
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peixun Zhou
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK; School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Alex E Blain
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK; Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Sorcha Forde
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Jamie Matthews
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Michelle Guet Khim Tan
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - G A Amos Burke
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Beer
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Cathy Burton
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter Campbell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Vikki Rand
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK; School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK; CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jernej Ule
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Reuben Tooze
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brian J Huntly
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Shamith A Samarajiwa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
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198
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Asadi MR, Rahmanpour D, Moslehian MS, Sabaie H, Hassani M, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Stress Granules Involved in Formation, Progression and Metastasis of Cancer: A Scoping Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745394. [PMID: 34604242 PMCID: PMC8485071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of stress granules (SGs) is a well-known cellular strategy for reducing stress-related damage and promoting cell survival. SGs have become important players in human health, in addition to their fundamental role in the stress response. The critical role of SGs in cancer cells in formation, progression, and metastasis makes sense. Recent researchers have found that several SG components play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis via tumor-associated signaling pathways and other mechanisms. Gene-ontology analysis revealed the role of these protein components in the structure of SGs. Involvement in the translation process, regulation of mRNA stability, and action in both the cytoplasm and nucleus are among the main features of SG proteins. The present scoping review aimed to consider all studies on the effect of SGs on cancer formation, proliferation, and metastasis and performed based on a six-stage methodology structure and the PRISMA guideline. A systematic search of seven databases for qualified articles was conducted before July 2021. Publications were screened, and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the extracted data. Go analysis was performed on seventy-one SGs protein components. Remarkably G3BP1, TIA1, TIAR, and YB1 have the largest share among the proteins considered in the studies. Altogether, this scoping review tries to demonstrate and provide a comprehensive summary of the role of SGs in the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancer by reviewing all studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dara Rahmanpour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hani Sabaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassani
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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199
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Lyu X, Wang J, Wang J, Yin YS, Zhu Y, Li LL, Huang S, Peng S, Xue B, Liao R, Wang SQ, Long M, Wohland T, Chua BT, Sun Y, Li P, Chen XW, Xu L, Chen FJ, Li P. A gel-like condensation of Cidec generates lipid-permeable plates for lipid droplet fusion. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2592-2606.e7. [PMID: 34508658 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane contact between intracellular organelles is important in mediating organelle communication. However, the assembly of molecular machinery at membrane contact site and its internal organization correlating with its functional activity remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a gel-like condensation of Cidec, a crucial protein for obesity development by facilitating lipid droplet (LD) fusion, occurs at the LD-LD contact site (LDCS) through phase separation. The homomeric interaction between the multivalent N terminus of Cidec is sufficient to promote its phase separation both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, Cidec condensation at LDCSs generates highly plastic and lipid-permeable fusion plates that are geometrically constrained by donor LDs. In addition, Cidec condensates are distributed unevenly in the fusion plate generating stochastic sub-compartments that may represent unique lipid passageways during LD fusion. We have thus uncovered the organization and functional significance of geometry-constrained Cidec phase separation in mediating LD fusion and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Sheng Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuangru Huang
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and NUS Centre for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Shuang Peng
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rongyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mian Long
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and NUS Centre for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pilong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Feng-Jung Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China.
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200
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Bhagwat M, Nagar S, Kaur P, Mehta R, Vancurova I, Vancura A. Replication stress inhibits synthesis of histone mRNAs in yeast by removing Spt10p and Spt21p from the histone promoters. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101246. [PMID: 34582893 PMCID: PMC8551654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cells coordinate histone and DNA synthesis to maintain correct stoichiometry for chromatin assembly. Histone mRNA levels must be repressed when DNA replication is inhibited to prevent toxicity and genome instability due to free non-chromatinized histone proteins. In mammalian cells, replication stress triggers degradation of histone mRNAs, but it is unclear if this mechanism is conserved from other species. The aim of this study was to identify the histone mRNA decay pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and determine the mechanism by which DNA replication stress represses histone mRNAs. Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative PCR, we show here that histone mRNAs can be degraded by both 5′ → 3′ and 3′ → 5′ pathways; however, replication stress does not trigger decay of histone mRNA in yeast. Rather, replication stress inhibits transcription of histone genes by removing the histone gene–specific transcription factors Spt10p and Spt21p from histone promoters, leading to disassembly of the preinitiation complexes and eviction of RNA Pol II from histone genes by a mechanism facilitated by checkpoint kinase Rad53p and histone chaperone Asf1p. In contrast, replication stress does not remove SCB-binding factor transcription complex, another activator of histone genes, from the histone promoters, suggesting that Spt10p and Spt21p have unique roles in the transcriptional downregulation of histone genes during replication stress. Together, our data show that, unlike in mammalian cells, replication stress in yeast does not trigger decay of histone mRNAs but inhibits histone transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Bhagwat
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Shreya Nagar
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Pritpal Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Riddhi Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Ales Vancura
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, USA.
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