151
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Mayer FQ, Adorne MD, Bender EA, de Carvalho TG, Dilda AC, Beck RCR, Guterres SS, Giugliani R, Matte U, Pohlmann AR. Laronidase-functionalized multiple-wall lipid-core nanocapsules: promising formulation for a more effective treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Pharm Res 2014; 32:941-54. [PMID: 25208876 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mucopolysaccharidosis I is a genetic disorder caused by alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency. Its primary treatment is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which has limitations such as a high cost and a need for repeated infusions over the patient's lifetime. Considering that nanotechnological approaches may enhance enzyme delivery to organs and can reduce the dosage thereby enhancing ERT efficiency and/or reducing its cost, we synthesized laronidase surface-functionalized lipid-core nanocapsules (L-MLNC). METHODS L-MLNCs were synthesized by using a metal complex. Size distributions were evaluated by laser diffraction and dynamic light scattering. The kinetic properties, cytotoxicity, cell uptake mechanisms, clearance profile and biodistribution were evaluated. RESULTS Size distributions showed a D[4,3] of 134 nm and a z-average diameter of 71 nm. L-MLNC enhanced the Vmax and Kcat in comparison with laronidase. L-MLNC is not cytotoxic, and nanocapsule uptake by active transport is not only mediated by mannose-6-phosphate receptors. The clearance profile is better for L-MLNC than for laronidase. A biodistribution analysis showed enhanced enzyme activity in different organs within 4 h and 24 h for L-MLNC. CONCLUSIONS The use of lipid-core nanocapsules as building blocks to synthesize surface-functionalized nanocapsules represents a new platform for producing decorated soft nanoparticles that are able to modify drug biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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152
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Transduction of PEP-1-heme oxygenase-1 fusion protein reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:436-42. [PMID: 23921302 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182a0b638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered that overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by induction or gene transfer provides myocardial protection. In the present study, we investigated whether HO-1 protein mediated by cell-penetrating peptide PEP-1 could confer cardioprotection in a rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery and to 120 minutes of reperfusion to prepare the model of I/R. Animals were randomized to receive PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein or saline 30 minutes before a 30-minute occlusion. I/R increased myocardial infarct size and levels of malondialdehyde, serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 and reduced myocardial superoxide dismutase activity. Administration of PEP-1-HO-1 reduced myocardial infarct size and levels of malondialdehyde, serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 and increased myocardial superoxide dismutase and HO-1 activities. His-probe protein was only detected in PEP-1-HO-1-transduced hearts. In addition, transduction of PEP-1-HO-1 markedly reduced elevated myocardial tissue nuclear factor-κB induced by I/R. The results suggested that transduction of PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein decreased myocardial reperfusion injury, probably by attenuating the production of oxidants and proinflammatory cytokines regulated by nuclear factor-κB.
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153
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Lai P, Daear W, Löbenberg R, Prenner EJ. Overview of the preparation of organic polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery based on gelatine, chitosan, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) and polyalkylcyanoacrylate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 118:154-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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154
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Calias P, Banks WA, Begley D, Scarpa M, Dickson P. Intrathecal delivery of protein therapeutics to the brain: a critical reassessment. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:114-22. [PMID: 24854599 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), including stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain tumors, are the world's leading causes of disability. Delivery of drugs to the CNS is complicated by the blood-brain barriers that protect the brain from the unregulated leakage and entry of substances, including proteins, from the blood. Yet proteins represent one of the most promising classes of therapeutics for the treatment of CNS diseases. Many strategies for overcoming these obstacles are in development, but the relatively straightforward approach of bypassing these barriers through direct intrathecal administration has been largely overlooked. Originally discounted because of its lack of usefulness for delivering small, lipid-soluble drugs to the brain, the intrathecal route has emerged as a useful, in some cases perhaps the ideal, route of administration for certain therapeutic protein and targeted disease combinations. Here, we review blood-brain barrier functions and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and their relevance to drug delivery via the intrathecal route, discuss animal and human studies that have investigated intrathecal delivery of protein therapeutics, and outline several characteristics of protein therapeutics that can allow them to be successfully delivered intrathecally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Begley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patricia Dickson
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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155
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Abstract
Discovery of insulin in the early 1900s initiated the research and development to improve the means of therapeutic protein delivery in patients. In the past decade, great emphasis has been placed on bringing protein and peptide therapeutics to market. Despite tremendous efforts, parenteral delivery still remains the major mode of administration for protein and peptide therapeutics. Other routes such as oral, nasal, pulmonary and buccal are considered more opportunistic rather than routine application. Improving biological half-life, stability and therapeutic efficacy is central to protein and peptide delivery. Several approaches have been tried in the past to improve protein and peptide in vitro/in vivo stability and performance. Approaches may be broadly categorized as chemical modification and colloidal delivery systems. In this review we have discussed various chemical approaches such as PEGylation, hyperglycosylation, mannosylation, and colloidal carriers including microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes and micelles for improving protein and peptide delivery. Recent developments on in situ thermosensitive gel-based protein and peptide delivery have also been described. This review summarizes recent developments on some currently existing approaches to improve stability, bioavailability and bioactivity of peptide and protein therapeutics following parenteral administration.
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156
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Abstract
Porous CaCO₃ vaterite microparticles have been introduced a decade ago as sacrificial cores and becoming nowadays as one of the most popular templates to encapsulate bioactive molecules. This is due to the following beneficial features: i) mild decomposition conditions, ii) highly developed surface area, and iii) controlled size as well as easy and chip preparation. Such properties allow one to template and design particles with well tuned material properties in terms of composition, structure, functionality -- the parameters crucially important for bioapplications. This review presents a recent progress in utilizing the CaCO₃ cores for the assembly of micrometer-sized beads and capsules with encapsulated both small drugs and large biomacromolecules. Bioapplications of all the particles for drug delivery, biotechnology, and biosensing as well as future perspectives for templating are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Volodkin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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157
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Barba AA, Bochicchio S, Lamberti G, Dalmoro A. Ultrasonic energy in liposome production: process modelling and size calculation. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2574-2581. [PMID: 24647821 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of liposomes in several fields of biotechnology, as well as in pharmaceutical and food sciences is continuously increasing. Liposomes can be used as carriers for drugs and other active molecules. Among other characteristics, one of the main features relevant to their target applications is the liposome size. The size of liposomes, which is determined during the production process, decreases due to the addition of energy. The energy is used to break the lipid bilayer into smaller pieces, then these pieces close themselves in spherical structures. In this work, the mechanisms of rupture of the lipid bilayer and the formation of spheres were modelled, accounting for how the energy, supplied by ultrasonic radiation, is stored within the layers, as the elastic energy due to the curvature and as the tension energy due to the edge, and to account for the kinetics of the bending phenomenon. An algorithm to solve the model equations was designed and the relative calculation code was written. A dedicated preparation protocol, which involves active periods during which the energy is supplied and passive periods during which the energy supply is set to zero, was defined and applied. The model predictions compare well with the experimental results, by using the energy supply rate and the time constant as fitting parameters. Working with liposomes of different sizes as the starting point of the experiments, the key parameter is the ratio between the energy supply rate and the initial surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Barba
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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158
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Cevheri N, Yoda M. Electrokinetically driven reversible banding of colloidal particles near the wall. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1391-1394. [PMID: 24522251 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene microparticles of 0.5 μm diameter form long-lived streamwise bands within 1 μm of the wall in the combined steady electroosmotic (EO) and Poiseuille flow of a dilute particle suspension through fused-silica microchannels. The bands disappear when the electric field driving the EO flow is turned off, and the band characteristics can be changed by adjusting the flow parameters. To our knowledge, these are the first observations of near-wall particle self-assembly due to shear and steady electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmettin Cevheri
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA.
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159
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Nagel D, Behrendt JM, Chimonides GF, Torr EE, Devitt A, Sutherland AJ, Hine AV. Polymeric microspheres as protein transduction reagents. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1543-51. [PMID: 24692642 PMCID: PMC4047473 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o113.034900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering the function of an unknown protein, particularly one with neither structural nor functional correlates, is a daunting task. Interaction analyses determine binding partners, whereas DNA transfection, either transient or stable, leads to intracellular expression, though not necessarily at physiologically relevant levels. In theory, direct intracellular protein delivery (protein transduction) provides a conceptually simpler alternative, but in practice the approach is problematic. Domains such as HIV TAT protein are valuable, but their effectiveness is protein specific. Similarly, the delivery of intact proteins via endocytic pathways (e.g. using liposomes) is problematic for functional analysis because of the potential for protein degradation in the endosomes/lysosomes. Consequently, recent reports that microspheres can deliver bio-cargoes into cells via a non-endocytic, energy-independent pathway offer an exciting and promising alternative for in vitro delivery of functional protein. In order for such promise to be fully exploited, microspheres are required that (i) are stably linked to proteins, (ii) can deliver those proteins with good efficiency, (iii) release functional protein once inside the cells, and (iv) permit concomitant tracking. Herein, we report the application of microspheres to successfully address all of these criteria simultaneously, for the first time. After cellular uptake, protein release was autocatalyzed by the reducing cytoplasmic environment. Outside of cells, the covalent microsphere–protein linkage was stable for ≥90 h at 37 °C. Using conservative methods of estimation, 74.3% ± 5.6% of cells were shown to take up these microspheres after 24 h of incubation, with the whole process of delivery and intracellular protein release occurring within 36 h. Intended for in vitro functional protein research, this approach will enable study of the consequences of protein delivery at physiologically relevant levels, without recourse to nucleic acids, and offers a useful alternative to commercial protein transfection reagents such as Chariot™. We also provide clear immunostaining evidence to resolve residual controversy surrounding FACS-based assessment of microsphere uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nagel
- From the ‡School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jonathan M Behrendt
- §School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Gwen F Chimonides
- §School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Torr
- From the ‡School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- From the ‡School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK; ‖Aston Research Centre for Healthy Aging, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrew J Sutherland
- §School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Anna V Hine
- From the ‡School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK;
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160
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161
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Du AW, Stenzel MH. Drug Carriers for the Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1097-114. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500169p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice W. Du
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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162
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Drugs and Polymers for Delivery Systems in OA Joints: Clinical Needs and Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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163
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Schmidt S, Uhlig K, Duschl C, Volodkin D. Stability and cell uptake of calcium carbonate templated insulin microparticles. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1423-30. [PMID: 24275529 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are an integral part of today's pharmaceutical practice, but they still present challenges from the drug delivery point of view. In this work, a new approach is studied based on hard templating for fabrication of microparticles composed of pure insulin, which may enable effective delivery, for instance pulmonary delivery. The approach is both simple and versatile: the protein particles are prepared by selective precipitation into porous CaCO3 microtemplates, followed by full decomposition of the template at the isoelectric point of the protein (pH 5.2). Control over the main material parameters (mechanical properties, porosity, morphology and stability at physiological conditions) are critical for the envisioned application in drug delivery. It is demonstrated that these critical parameters can be significantly tuned by a slight final pH variation around the isoelectric point (pH range 4-6) and by the denaturation degree of insulin. Electrostatic interactions and inter-protein crosslinking in the protein particles as well as their internal structure are considered, to explain the variation in the particle properties. The particle property parameters are explored using atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. Finally, phagocytic clearance of the protein particles in vitro was studied to explore possible enhancements in particle fabrication to improve the efficiency of insulin delivery by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Universität Leipzig, Institut für Biochemie, Johannisalle 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Uhlig
- Fraunhofer Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - C Duschl
- Fraunhofer Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - D Volodkin
- Fraunhofer Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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164
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Basavaraj S, Betageri GV. Can formulation and drug delivery reduce attrition during drug discovery and development-review of feasibility, benefits and challenges. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:3-17. [PMID: 26579359 PMCID: PMC4590717 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery and development has become longer and costlier process. The fear of failure and stringent regulatory review process is driving pharmaceutical companies towards “me too” drugs and improved generics (505(b) (2)) fillings. The discontinuance of molecules at late stage clinical trials is common these years. The molecules are withdrawn at various stages of discovery and development process for reasons such as poor ADME properties, lack of efficacy and safety reasons. Hence this review focuses on possible applications of formulation and drug delivery to salvage molecules and improve the drugability. The formulation and drug delivery technologies are suitable for addressing various issues contributing to attrition are discussed in detail.
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165
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Demir B, Barlas FB, Guler E, Gumus PZ, Can M, Yavuz M, Coskunol H, Timur S. Gold nanoparticle loaded phytosomal systems: synthesis, characterization and in vitro investigations. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05108d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel liposomal formulation was synthesized by encapsulating both gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) andCalendula officinalisextract as AuNP-phytosomes and AuNP-phytosomes were characterized and used atin vitroinvestigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Demir
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Biochemistry Department
- Izmir, Turkey
| | - F. B. Barlas
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Biochemistry Department
- Izmir, Turkey
| | - E. Guler
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Biochemistry Department
- Izmir, Turkey
| | - P. Z. Gumus
- Ege University
- Institute of Drug Abuse Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Izmir, Turkey
| | - M. Can
- Izmir Katip Celebi University
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture
- Material Science and Engineering Department
- Izmir, Turkey
| | - M. Yavuz
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Biochemistry Department
- Izmir, Turkey
- Dicle University
| | - H. Coskunol
- Ege University
- Institute of Drug Abuse Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University
- School of Medicine
| | - S. Timur
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Biochemistry Department
- Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University
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166
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pH-responsive release of proteins from biocompatible and biodegradable reverse polymer micelles. J Control Release 2014; 173:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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167
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Zhao L, Li N, Wang K, Shi C, Zhang L, Luan Y. A review of polypeptide-based polymersomes. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1284-301. [PMID: 24211077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled systems from biodegradable amphiphilic polymers at the nanometer scale, such as nanotubes, nanoparticles, polymer micelles, nanogels, and polymersomes, have attracted much attention especially in biomedical fields. Among these nano-aggregates, polymersomes have attracted tremendous interests as versatile carriers due to their colloidal stability, tunable membrane properties and ability of encapsulating or integrating a broad range of drugs and molecules. Biodegradable block polymers, especially aliphatic polyesters such as polylactide, polyglycolide and poly (ε-caprolactone) have been widely used as biomedical materials for a long time to well fit the requirement of biomedical drug carriers. To have a precise control of the aggregation behavior of nano-aggregates, the more ordered polypeptide has been used to self-assemble into the drug carriers. In this review we focus on the study of polymersomes which also named pepsomes formed by polypeptide-based copolymers and attempt to clarify the polypeptide-based polymersomes from following aspects: synthesis and characterization of the polypeptide-based copolymers, preparation, multifunction and application of polypeptide-based polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxia Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
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168
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Ding H, Wu F, Nair MP. Image-guided drug delivery to the brain using nanotechnology. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1074-80. [PMID: 23817076 PMCID: PMC4186772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeting across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases represents the most challenging aspect of, as well as one of the largest growing fields in, neuropharmaceutics. Combining nanotechnology with multiple imaging techniques has a unique role in the diagnosis and treatment (theranostics) of CNS disease. Such imaging techniques include anatomical imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), electron microscopy, autoradiography and optical imaging as well as thermal images. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in formulations, current challenges and possible hypotheses concerning the use of such theranostics across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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169
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Liang J, Wu W, Liu Q, Chen S. Long-circulating nanoliposomes (LCNs) sustained delivery of baicalein (BAI) with desired oral bioavailability in vivo. Drug Deliv 2013; 20:319-23. [PMID: 24028326 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.834420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-circulating nanoliposomes (LCNs) containing Baicalein (BAI) were prepared by diethyl ether injection method in this paper. Using soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and cholesterol (CHOL) as the carrier ingredients, BAI-loaded LCNs were formulated in optimized condition with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 41.5±4.77%. The average diameter of BAI-loaded LCNs was ∼709 nm determined by dynamic light scattering (PDI 0.43). Drug storage stability study showed that BAI-loaded LCNs were highly stable in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) at 4 °C. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic behaviors of BAI-loaded LCNs were studied using Kunming mice as experimental animals. Parallelly, free BAI solution was studied as control. As expected, it is found that LCNs-encapsulated BAI yields greater BAI oral bioavailability with 4.52 times of free BAI. These results suggest the potential applications of LCNs for the delivery of BAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liang
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics School and
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170
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Palekar RU, Myerson JW, Schlesinger PH, Sadler JE, Pan H, Wickline SA. Thrombin-targeted liposomes establish a sustained localized anticlotting barrier against acute thrombosis. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4168-75. [PMID: 24063304 DOI: 10.1021/mp400210q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present work was to design and test an acute-use nanoparticle-based antithrombotic agent that exhibits sustained local inhibition of thrombin without requiring a systemic anticoagulant effect to function against acute arterial thrombosis. To demonstrate proof of concept, we functionalized the surface of liposomes with multiple copies of the direct thrombin inhibitor, d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-arginyl-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK), which exhibits high affinity for thrombin as a free agent but manifests too rapid clearance in vivo to be effective alone. The PPACK-liposomes were formulated as single unilamellar vesicles, with a diameter of 170.78 ± 10.59 nm and a near neutral charge. In vitro models confirmed the inhibitory activity of PPACK-liposomes, demonstrating a KI' of 172.6 nM. In experimental clots in vitro, treatment of formed clots completely abrogated any further clotting upon exposure to human plasma. The liposomes were evaluated in vivo in a model of photochemical-induced carotid artery injury, resulting in significantly prolonged arterial occlusion time over that of controls (69.06 ± 5.65 min for saline treatment, N = 6, 71.33 ± 9.46 min for free PPACK treated; N = 4, 85.75 ± 18.24 min for precursor liposomes; N = 4, 139.75 ± 20.46 min for PPACK-liposomes; P = 0.0049, N = 6). Systemic anticoagulant profiles revealed a rapid return to control levels within 50 min, while still maintaining antithrombin activity at the injury site. The establishment of a potent and long-acting anticoagulant surface over a newly forming clot with the use of thrombin targeted nanoparticles that do not require systemic anticoagulation to be effective offers an alternative site-targeted approach to the management of acute thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohun U Palekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Consortium for Translational Research in Advanced Imaging and Nanomedicine , 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
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171
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Marques JG, Gaspar VM, Costa E, Paquete CM, Correia IJ. Synthesis and characterization of micelles as carriers of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for application in breast cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 113:375-83. [PMID: 24129330 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are emerging as a particularly valuable class of drugs due to their recently reported anti-tumoral activity in colorectal cancer. However, despite this tremendous potential, their bioavailability at the tumor microenvironment remains rather limited. To overcome this issue, in this work we synthesized biocompatible micellar nanocarriers composed of amphiphilic chitosan to deliver ibuprofen into breast cancer cells and evaluate its anti-tumor activity, while avoiding side-effects. Our results reveal that the formulations produced herein self-assembly into spherical micelles with suitable sizes for tumor accumulation (108-252 nm). Furthermore, by using a vortex-sonication method, ibuprofen was successfully encapsulated with high efficiency. Cell uptake studies show that ibuprofen-loaded micelles are readily internalized by tumor cells and deliver their cargo in the intracellular compartment as demonstrated by confocal microscopy images. This fact led to a remarkable reduction in cancer cell viability (<13%), at a relatively low drug dosage, illustrating the anti-tumoral activity of ibuprofen when delivered to breast cancer cells. These findings demonstrate the promising potential of chitosan micelles as carriers of cost-effective NSAIDS for application in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João G Marques
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Costa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Paquete
- ITQB-UNL - Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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172
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Stefanick JF, Ashley JD, Bilgicer B. Enhanced cellular uptake of peptide-targeted nanoparticles through increased peptide hydrophilicity and optimized ethylene glycol peptide-linker length. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8115-8127. [PMID: 24003770 DOI: 10.1021/nn4033954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-targeted nanoparticles are emerging drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the cellular uptake of peptide-targeted liposomes and micelles can be significantly enhanced by increasing the hydrophilicity of the targeting peptide sequence while simultaneously optimizing the EG peptide-linker length. Two distinct disease models were analyzed, as the nanoparticles were functionalized with either VLA-4 or HER2 antagonistic peptides to target multiple myeloma or breast cancer cells, respectively. Our results demonstrated that including a short oligolysine chain adjacent to the targeting peptide sequence effectively increased cellular uptake of targeted nanoparticles up to ∼80-fold using an EG6 peptide-linker in liposomes and ∼27-fold using an EG18 peptide-linker in micelles for the VLA-4/multiple myeloma system. Similar trends were also observed in the HER2/breast cancer system with the EG18 peptide-linker resulting in optimal uptake for both types of nanoparticles. Cellular uptake efficiency of these formulations was also confirmed under fluidic conditions mimicking physiological systems. Taken together, these results demonstrated the significance of using the right design elements to improve the cellular uptake of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared F Stefanick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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173
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Cheng Y, Cai H, Yin B, Yao P. Cholic acid modified N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride for superoxide dismutase delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:425-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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174
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Busseron E, Ruff Y, Moulin E, Giuseppone N. Supramolecular self-assemblies as functional nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7098-140. [PMID: 23832165 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we survey the diversity of structures and functions which are encountered in advanced self-assembled nanomaterials. We highlight their flourishing implementations in three active domains of applications: biomedical sciences, information technologies, and environmental sciences. Our main objective is to provide the reader with a concise and straightforward entry to this broad field by selecting the most recent and important research articles, supported by some more comprehensive reviews to introduce each topic. Overall, this compilation illustrates how, based on the rules of supramolecular chemistry, the bottom-up approach to design functional objects at the nanoscale is currently producing highly sophisticated materials oriented towards a growing number of applications with high societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Busseron
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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175
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Zhang Y, Panneerselvam K, Ogaki R, Hosta-Rigau L, van der Westen R, Jensen BEB, Teo BM, Zhu M, Städler B. Assembly of poly(dopamine)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) mixed films and their temperature-dependent interaction with proteins, liposomes, and cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10213-10222. [PMID: 23902279 DOI: 10.1021/la402118u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many biomedical applications benefit from responsive polymer coatings. The properties of poly(dopamine) (PDA) films can be affected by codepositing dopamine (DA) with the temperature-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNiPAAm). We characterize the film assembly at 24 and 39 °C using DA and aminated or carboxylated pNiPAAm by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy. It was found that pNiPAAm with both types of end groups are incorporated into the films. We then identified a temperature-dependent adsorption behavior of proteins and liposomes to these PDA and pNiPAAm containing coatings by QCM-D and optical microscopy. Finally, a difference in myoblast cell response was found when these cells were allowed to adhere to these coatings. Taken together, these fundamental findings considerably broaden the potential biomedical applications of PDA films due to the added temperature responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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176
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Formation of artificial multicompartment vesosome and dendrosome as prospected drug and gene delivery carriers. J Control Release 2013; 170:141-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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177
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Xu Y, Shen Y, Xiong Y, Li C, Sun C, Ouahab A, Tu J. Synthesis, characterization, biodegradability and biocompatibility of a temperature-sensitive PBLA-PEG-PBLA hydrogel as protein delivery system with low critical gelation concentration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1264-75. [PMID: 23855735 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.814066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive hydrogels were designed using a series of A-B-A triblock copolymers consisting of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights as the hydrophilic block B and poly (β-butyrolactone-co-lactic acid)(PBLA) with varying block lengths and composition as the hydrophobic block A. The triblock copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of β-BL and LA in bulk using PEG as an initiator and Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst. Their chemical structure and molecular characteristics were determined by NMR, GPC and DSC, and the relationship between structure and phase behaviors in aqueous solutions was investigated as well. It was found that the phase behaviors in aqueous solutions including critical micelle concentration (CMC), sol-gel-sedimentation phase transition temperature, gel window width and critical gelation concentration (CGC) are largely dependent on the molecular weight and block length ratio of PEG/PBLA. Most importantly, they show a very low CGC ranging from 4 to 8 wt% because of the introduction of β-BL. Furthermore, the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were evaluated. Finally, lysozyme as a model protein was used to evaluate the ability to deliver protein drugs in a sustained release manner and biologically active form. All results demonstrated that the temperature-sensitive in situ forming hydrogel has a promising potential as sustained delivery system for protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yourui Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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178
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Déat-Lainé E, Hoffart V, Garrait G, Beyssac E. Whey protein and alginate hydrogel microparticles for insulin intestinal absorption: evaluation of permeability enhancement properties on Caco-2 cells. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:336-42. [PMID: 23796829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of encapsulated insulin intestinal absorption enhancement was investigated by in vitro methods. Insulin-loaded microparticles (INS-MP) made of whey protein (WP) and alginate (ALG) were prepared by a cold gelation technique. Effect of INS encapsulation toward trypsin and chymotrypsin degradation was performed. Permeability studies using in vitro (Caco-2 cells) experiments were conducted. INS was partially protected by encapsulation toward enzymatic degradation. Moreover INS transport experiments showed that WP and, in lesser extent, ALG were able to enhance INS absorption both as MP and as polymeric solutions by opening the tight junctions. These experiments reinforced the interest of encapsulation in WP/ALG hydrogel combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Déat-Lainé
- Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, Equipe d'accueil Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament (EA CIDAM), Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
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179
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Li H, Yu Y, Faraji Dana S, Li B, Lee CY, Kang L. Novel engineered systems for oral, mucosal and transdermal drug delivery. J Drug Target 2013; 21:611-29. [PMID: 23869879 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.805335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in drug discovery have resulted in increasing number of molecules including proteins and peptides as drug candidates. However, how to deliver drugs with satisfactory therapeutic effect, minimal side effects and increased patient compliance is a question posted before researchers, especially for those drugs with poor solubility, large molecular weight or instability. Microfabrication technology, polymer science and bioconjugate chemistry combine to address these problems and generate a number of novel engineered drug delivery systems. Injection routes usually have poor patient compliance due to their invasive nature and potential safety concerns over needle reuse. The alternative non-invasive routes, such as oral, mucosal (pulmonary, nasal, ocular, buccal, rectal, vaginal), and transdermal drug delivery have thus attracted many attentions. Here, we review the applications of the novel engineered systems for oral, mucosal and transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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180
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Cellular Uptake Mechanism and Therapeutic Utility of a Novel Peptide in Targeted-Delivery of Proteins into Neuronal Cells. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2108-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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181
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Silva AE, Oliveira EE, Gomes MCS, Marcelino HR, Silva KCH, Souza BS, Nagashima T, Ayala AP, Oliveira AG, Egito ESTD. Producing xylan/Eudragit® S100-based microparticles by chemical and physico-mechanical approaches as carriers for 5-aminosalicylic acid. J Microencapsul 2013; 30:787-95. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.788087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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182
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Formiga FR, Tamayo E, Simón-Yarza T, Pelacho B, Prósper F, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Angiogenic therapy for cardiac repair based on protein delivery systems. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:449-73. [PMID: 21979836 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the first cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries and are a major problem not only in the western nations but also in developing countries. Current standard approaches for treating patients with ischemic heart disease include angioplasty or bypass surgery. However, a large number of patients cannot be treated using these procedures. Novel curative approaches under investigation include gene, cell, and protein therapy. This review focuses on potential growth factors for cardiac repair. The role of these growth factors in the angiogenic process and the therapeutic implications are reviewed. Issues including aspects of growth factor delivery are presented in relation to protein stability, dosage, routes, and safety matters. Finally, different approaches for controlled growth factor delivery are discussed as novel protein delivery platforms for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Formiga
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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183
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Depreter F, Pilcer G, Amighi K. Inhaled proteins: Challenges and perspectives. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:251-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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184
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Morales JO, Ross AC, McConville JT. Protein-coated nanoparticles embedded in films as delivery platforms. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:827-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This work aimed to evaluate the performance of nanoparticle-loaded films based on matrices of polymethacrylates and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) intended for delivery of macromolecules.
Methods
Lysozyme (Lys)-loaded nanoparticles were manufactured by antisolvent co-precipitation. After size, loading efficiency and stability characterization, the selected batch of particles was further formulated into films. Films were characterized for mechanical properties, mucoadhesion, Lys release and activity after manufacture.
Key findings
We found that protein-coated nanoparticles could be obtained in USP phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Particles obtained at pH 6.8 had a z-average of 347.2 nm, a zeta-potential of 21.9 mV and 99.2% remaining activity after manufacture. This formulation was further studied for its application in films for buccal delivery. Films loaded with nanoparticles that contained Eudragit RLPO (ERL) exhibited excellent mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. Due to its higher water-swelling and solubility compared with ERL, the use of HPMC allowed us to tailor the release of Lys from films. The formulation composed of equal amounts of ERL and HPMC revealed a sustained release over 4 h, with Lys remaining fully active at the end of the study.
Conclusions
Mucoadhesive films containing protein-coated nanoparticles are promising carriers for the buccal delivery of proteins and peptides in a stable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O Morales
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alistair C Ross
- Ferring Controlled Therapeutics Ltd, East Kilbride, Scotland, UK
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185
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Azizi M, Farahmandghavi F, Joghataei M, Zandi M, Imani M, Bakhtiary M, Dorkoosh FA, Ghazizadeh F. Fabrication of protein-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: effect of selected formulation variables on particle size and release profile. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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186
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Kusonwiriyawong C, Lipipun V, Vardhanabhuti N, Zhang Q, Ritthidej GC. Spray-dried chitosan microparticles for cellular delivery of an antigenic protein: physico-chemical properties and cellular uptake by dendritic cells and macrophages. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1677-97. [PMID: 23483441 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spray-dried chitosan microparticles for cellular delivery of antigen to dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (Mϕ) were investigated. METHODS Chitosan microparticles were prepared by spray drying. For comparison, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(α-butyl cyanoacrylate) (BCA) micro-/nanoparticles were generated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model antigen. The particles were characterized in terms of size, morphology, surface charge, surface composition, protein content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release, and protein integrity. Additionally, they were subject to cell viability and cellular uptake study with DC and Mϕ. RESULTS Size of chitosan, PLGA, and BCA micro-/nanoparticles ranged between 3.11-7.18, 0.94-6.26, and 0.30-6.34 μm, respectively. Particle morphology and in vitro protein release varied, depending on polymer type, particle composition and preparation process parameters. Chitosan microparticles were cationic, while PLGA microparticles were neutral. BCA micro-/nanoparticles were either anionic or cationic, according to polymerization pH. Protein content and entrapment efficiency of chitosan and PLGA microparticles were relatively consistent. Only integrity and conformational structure of protein encapsulated in chitosan microparticles were completely retained. Chitosan and PLGA microparticles were non-toxic to DC and Mϕ, but the former were internalized more efficiently. CONCLUSIONS Spray-dried chitosan microparticles delivered the antigen efficiently to DC and Mϕ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirasak Kusonwiriyawong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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187
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Hezaveh H, Muhamad II. Controlled drug release via minimization of burst release in pH-response kappa-carrageenan/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels. Chem Eng Res Des 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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188
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Zhou JDA, Wang SH, Liu R, Zhou CJ, Cao K, Liu JY, Chen Y, Chen FH. Study of the biological effectiveness of a nanosilver-epidermal growth factor sustained-release carrier. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1231-1235. [PMID: 23596495 PMCID: PMC3627456 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the biological effectiveness and character of a nanosilver-epidermal growth factor (EGF) sustained-release carrier. This was synthesized using the self-assembly method and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV spectrophotometry. The biological activity of the sustained release carrier was determined through cytological, bacteriological and wound-healing experiments. The results showed that the nanosilver-EGF sustained-release carrier was well dispersed with uniform particle size and that it had good antibacterial properties similar to those of nanosilver. The nanosilver-EGF sustained-release carrier is superior to EGFs in effectively promoting cell division and proliferation. The results of the wound-healing experiments provide evidence of its curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-DA Zhou
- Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
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189
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Morales JO, Joks GM, Lamprecht A, Ross AC, McConville JT. A design of experiments to optimize a new manufacturing process for high activity protein-containing submicron particles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 39:1793-801. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.737332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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190
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Chaturvedi K, Ganguly K, Kulkarni AR, Nadagouda MN, Stowbridge J, Rudzinski WE, Aminabhavi TM. Ultra-small fluorescent bile acid conjugated PHB–PEG block copolymeric nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and cellular uptake. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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191
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Schmidt S, Volodkin D. Microparticulate biomolecules by mild CaCO3templating. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1210-1218. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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192
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Singh D, Dubey P, Pradhan M, Singh MR. Ceramic nanocarriers: versatile nanosystem for protein and peptide delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 10:241-59. [PMID: 23265137 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.745848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteins and peptides have been established to be the potential drug candidate for various human diseases. But, delivery of these therapeutic protein and peptides is still a challenge due to their several unfavorable properties. Nanotechnology is expanding as a promising tool for the efficient delivery of proteins and peptides. Among numerous nano-based carriers, ceramic nanoparticles have proven themselves as a unique carrier for protein and peptide delivery as they provide a more stable, bioavailable, readily manufacturable, and acceptable proteins and polypeptide formulation. AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview of the various aspects of ceramic nanoparticles including their classification, methods of preparation, latest advances, and applications as protein and peptide delivery carriers. EXPERT OPINION Ceramic nanocarriers seem to have potential for preserving structural integrity of proteins and peptides, thereby promoting a better therapeutic effect. This approach thus provides pharmaceutical scientists with a new hope for the delivery of proteins and peptides. Still, considerable study on ceramic nanocarrier is necessary with respect to pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and animal studies to confirm their efficiency as well as safety and to establish their clinical usefulness and scale-up to industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), India
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193
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Venegas B, Zhu W, Haloupek NB, Lee J, Zellhart E, Sugár IP, Kiani MF, Chong PLG. Cholesterol superlattice modulates CA4P release from liposomes and CA4P cytotoxicity on mammary cancer cells. Biophys J 2012; 102:2086-94. [PMID: 22824272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomal drugs are a useful alternative to conventional drugs and hold great promise for targeted delivery in the treatment of many diseases. Most of the liposomal drugs on the market or under clinical trials include cholesterol as a membrane stabilizing agent. Here, we used liposomal CA4P, an antivascular drug, to demonstrate that cholesterol content can actually modulate the release and cytotoxicity of liposomal drugs in a delicate and predictable manner. We found that both the rate of the CA4P release from the interior aqueous compartment of the liposomes to the bulk aqueous phase and the extent of the drug's cytotoxicity undergo a biphasic variation, as large as 50%, with liposomal cholesterol content at the theoretically predicted C(r), e.g., 22.0, 22.2, 25.0, 33.3, 40.0, and 50.0 mol % cholesterol for maximal superlattice formation. It appears that at C(r), CA4P can be released from the liposomes more readily than at non-C(r), probably due to the increased domain boundaries between superlattice and nonsuperlattice regions, which consequently results in increased cytotoxicity. The idea that the increased domain boundaries at C(r) would facilitate the escape of molecules from membranes was further supported by the data of dehydroergosterol transfer from liposomes to MβCD. These results together show that the functional importance of sterol superlattice formation in liposomes can be propagated to distal targeted cells and reveal a new, to our knowledge, mechanism for how sterol content and membrane lateral organization can control the release of entrapped or embedded molecules in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Venegas
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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194
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Ishii T, Asai T, Oyama D, Agato Y, Yasuda N, Fukuta T, Shimizu K, Minamino T, Oku N. Treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with PEGylated liposomes encapsulating FK506. FASEB J 2012; 27:1362-70. [PMID: 23241312 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-221325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
FK506 (Tacrolimus) has the potential to decrease cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the clinical trial of FK506 as a neuroprotectant failed due to adverse side effects. This present study aimed to conduct the selective delivery of FK506 to damaged regions, while at the same time reducing the dosage of FK506, by using a liposomal drug delivery system. First, the cytoprotective effect of polyethylene glycol-modified liposomes encapsulating FK506 (FK506-liposomes) on neuron-like pheochromocytoma PC12 cells was examined. FK506-liposomes protected these cells from H2O2-induced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we investigated the usefulness of FK506-liposomes in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) rats. FK506-liposomes accumulated in the brain parenchyma by passing through the disrupted blood-brain barrier at an early stage after reperfusion had been initiated. Histological analysis showed that FK506-liposomes strongly suppressed neutrophil invasion and apoptotic cell death, events that lead to a poor stroke outcome. Corresponding to these results, a single injection of FK506-liposomes at a low dosage significantly reduced cerebral cell death and ameliorated motor function deficits in t-MCAO rats. These results suggest that liposomalization of FK506 could reduce the administration dose by enhancing the therapeutic efficacy; hence, FK506-liposomes should be a promising neuroprotectant after cerebral stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ishii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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195
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Efficacy of Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Microparticles of Whey Protein and Alginate for Oral Insulin Delivery. Pharm Res 2012; 30:721-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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196
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Dombu CY, Betbeder D. Airway delivery of peptides and proteins using nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012; 34:516-25. [PMID: 23046753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of peptides and proteins via the airways is one of the most exciting potential applications of nanomedicine. These macromolecules could be used for many therapeutic applications, however due to their poor stability in physiological medium and difficulties in delivering them across biological barriers, they are very difficult to use in therapy. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have emerged as one of the most promising technologies to overcome these limitations, owing mainly to their proven capacity to cross biological barriers and to enter cells in high yields, thus improving delivery of macromolecules. In this review, we summarize the current advances in nanoparticle designed for transmucosal delivery of peptides and proteins. Challenges that must be overcome in order to derive clinical benefits are also discussed.
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197
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Abstract
The current status of peptides that target the mitochondria in the context of cancer is the focus of this review. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy used to kill tumor cells are principally mediated by the process of apoptosis that is governed by the mitochondria. The failure of anticancer therapy often resides at the level of the mitochondria. Therefore, the mitochondrion is a key pharmacological target in cancer due to many of the differences that arise between malignant and healthy cells at the level of this ubiquitous organelle. Additionally, targeting the characteristics of malignant mitochondira often rely on disruption of protein--protein interactions that are not generally amenable to small molecules. We discuss anticancer peptides that intersect with pathological changes in the mitochondrion.
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198
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Dombu C, Carpentier R, Betbeder D. Influence of surface charge and inner composition of nanoparticles on intracellular delivery of proteins in airway epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9117-26. [PMID: 22981076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of protein in the airway using nanoparticles (NP) is an emerging strategy that shows encouraging results in vivo for several applications. However, the mechanisms by which NP deliver proteins to the inside of cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the intracellular delivery of ovalbumin (OVA) in human airway cells by two porous cationic polysaccharides nanoparticles. These NP have the same surface charge density but differ in that their inner core contains either cationic or anionic charges (respectively: NP(+) and DGNP(+)). Confocal microscopy showed a rapid uptake of both NP by human airway cells, followed by a significant accumulation in clathrin vesicles and early endosomes. Both NP were found to associate OVA in a quantitative manner, and this association was stable even in presence of serum proteins. We observed that the two NP greatly increased OVA uptake by human airway cells, meanwhile FRET studies using FITC-labelled NP and TRITC-labelled OVA showed a gradual release of OVA from NP within cells, and this was much faster with DGNP(+) than NP(+). These results were confirmed using OVA-DQ to follow OVA degradation fragments within cells. Both NP increased intracellular proteolysis of OVA, however DGNP(+) facilitated OVA escape from endosomes. Studies with trypsin and pepsin at different pH strongly suggested that both NP can protect (in the extracellular medium) or promote (in acidic endosomes) protein proteolysis, depending on the environment. Interestingly, the mechanisms involved could be explained as a function of protein global charge at different pH. All these results confirm the importance of not only the surface charge but also the inner composition of NP in determining their efficacy as tools for the delivery of proteins to different cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dombu
- EA4483, IMPRT, IFR 114, Université de Lille Nord de France, 1 place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France
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199
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Jin Y, Yue X, Zhang Q, Wu X, Cao Z, Dai Z. Cerasomal doxorubicin with long-term storage stability and controllable sustained release. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:3372-80. [PMID: 22659275 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal nanohybrid cerasomes display a remarkable ability to maintain their size and retain encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) over a period of 90days under storage conditions in solution compared with liposomes and liposils. Cerasomes retained 92.1±2.9% of the drug payload after 90days storage, much more than liposomes (35.2±2.5%) and liposils (53.2±5.5%). Under physiologically relevant conditions cerasomes exhibit a low initial burst in the first 5h and subsequent sustained release of DOX over the next 150h. Moreover, the magnitude of the initial burst and the rate of sustained release of DOX from cerasomes can be modulated by incorporating dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) in the cerasome structure and altering the ratios of the cerasome-forming lipid and phospholipids. Consequently, a wide range of release profiles can be achieved by altering the vesicle composition. Finally, human ovarian cancer cells are effectively killed by DOX released from cerasomes. Together these results suggest that cerasomes may be a promising drug delivery system for the long-term storage and controllable sustained release of the anticancer drug DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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200
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Li P, Nielsen HM, Müllertz A. Oral delivery of peptides and proteins using lipid-based drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1289-304. [PMID: 22897647 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.717068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to successfully develop lipid-based drug delivery systems (DDS) for oral administration of peptides and proteins, it is important to gain an understanding of the colloid structures formed by these DDS, the mode of peptide and protein incorporation as well as the mechanism by which intestinal absorption of peptides and proteins is promoted. AREAS COVERED The present paper reviews the literature on lipid-based DDS, employed for oral delivery of peptides and proteins and highlights the mechanisms by which the different lipid-based carriers are expected to overcome the two most important barriers (extensive enzymatic degradation and poor transmucosal permeability). This paper also gives a clear-cut idea about advantages and drawbacks of using different lipidic colloidal carriers ((micro)emulsions, solid lipid core particles and liposomes) for oral delivery of peptides and proteins. EXPERT OPINION Lipid-based DDS are safe and suitable for oral delivery of peptides and proteins. Significant progress has been made in this area with several technologies on clinical trials. However, a better understanding of the mechanism of action in vivo is needed in order to improve the design and development of lipid-based DDS with the desired bioavailability and therapeutic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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