151
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Kuthati Y, Navakanth Rao V, Busa P, Tummala S, Davuluri Venkata Naga G, Wong CS. Scope and Applications of Nanomedicines for the Management of Neuropathic Pain. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1015-1027. [PMID: 32142287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, resulting from the dysfunction of the peripheral and central nervous system, occurs in a variety of pathological conditions including trauma, diabetes, cancer, HIV, surgery, multiple sclerosis, ischemic attack, alcoholism, spinal cord damage, and many others. Despite the availability of various treatment strategies, the percentage of patients achieving adequate pain relief remains low. The clinical failure of most effective drugs is often not due to a lack of drug efficacy but due to the dose-limiting central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of the drugs that preclude dose escalation. There is a need for cross-disciplinary collaborations to meet these challenges. In this regard, the integration of nanotechnology with neuroscience is one of the most important fields. In recent years, promising preclinical research has been reported in this field. This review highlights the current challenges associated with conventional neuropathic pain treatments, the scope for nanomaterials in delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier, and the state and prospects of nanomaterials for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei 280, Taiwan
| | - Vaikar Navakanth Rao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Life Sciences, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Srikrishna Tummala
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei 280, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 280, Taiwan
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152
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Diker N, Caglayan B, Helvacioglu F, Kilic E. The effect of systemic rifampicin treatment on inferior alveolar nerve regeneration in rats following crush injury. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:183-189. [PMID: 32236990 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a therapeutic target for functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Rifampicin exerts anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects on nerve tissues that may enhance functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of systemic rifampicin following IAN crush injury. Following the nerve crush injuries of the IAN, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups to receive daily intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle, 5 mg kg-1 rifampicin, or 20 mg kg-1 rifampicin. Twenty-four days after induction of nerve injuries, Fluorogold (FG) was injected over the mental foramen for the evaluation of neuronal survival. At the end of the four-week period, histologic and histomorphometric examination of IAN samples were performed and FG positive cells were counted in the trigeminal ganglion sections. FG positive cells were significantly more frequent in the 20 and 5 mg kg-1 rifampicin groups than in the vehicle-treated group. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that the percentage of axons with optimum g-ratio was significantly lower in the vehicle group than in both treatment groups. In conclusion, systemic rifampicin treatment can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurettin Diker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Helvacioglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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153
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Scandola M, Aglioti SM, Lazzeri G, Avesani R, Ionta S, Moro V. Visuo-motor and interoceptive influences on peripersonal space representation following spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5162. [PMID: 32198431 PMCID: PMC7083926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripersonal space (PPS) representation is modulated by information coming from the body. In paraplegic individuals, whose lower limb sensory-motor functions are impaired or completely lost, the representation of PPS around the feet is reduced. However, passive motion can have short-term restorative effects. What remains unclear is the mechanisms underlying this recovery, in particular with regard to the contribution of visual and motor feedback and of interoception. Using virtual reality technology, we dissociated the motor and visual feedback during passive motion in paraplegics with complete and incomplete lesions and in healthy controls. The results show that in the case of paraplegics, the presence of motor feedback was necessary for the recovery of PPS representation, both when the motor feedback was congruent and when it was incongruent with the visual feedback. In contrast, visuo-motor incongruence led to an inhibition of PPS representation in the control group. There were no differences in sympathetic responses between the three groups. Nevertheless, in individuals with incomplete lesions, greater interoceptive sensitivity was associated with a better representation of PPS around the feet in the visuo-motor incongruent conditions. These results shed new light on the modulation of PPS representation, and demonstrate the importance of residual motor feedback and its integration with other bodily information in maintaining space representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. .,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Renato Avesani
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCSS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye; Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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154
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Alayat MSM, Basalamah MA, Elbarrany WGEAE, El-Sawy NAM, Abdel-Kafy EM, El-Fiky AAR. Dose-dependent effect of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of crushed sciatic nerve in Wister rats: an experimental model. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1989-1998. [PMID: 32193821 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of three energy densities 4, 10, and 50 J/cm2 of pulsed Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of crushed sciatic nerve in Wister rats by evaluating changes in the sciatic functional index and the electrophysiology.A total of 180 Wistar rats were involved in the study. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Rats were subjected to the sciatic nerve crushing. Control negative (CONT-ve), which received no crushing; control positive (CONT+ve), which received crushing with no laser; and HILT-4, HILT-10, and HILT-50 groups, which received pulsed Nd:YAG laser (10 Hz, 360 mJ/cm2) with energy densities 4, 10, and 50 J/cm2, respectively. The SFI, the amilitude of compound motor action potential (CMAP) and sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were measured before and after seven, 14, and 21 days after crushing. For the SFI and electrophysiological analysis, repeated measures ANOVA is used, followed by Bonferroni's repeated-measures test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. After one week, there was no significant difference in SFI, CMAP, and MNCV among the three laser groups with significant changes between them and CONT-ve and CONT+ve groups. There was a significant increase in either CMAP amplitude or MNCV after 14 days with significant decrease in the SFI after 21 days among all treatment groups. The pulsed Nd:YAG laser applied with energy densities 4, 10, and 50 J/cm2 significantly decreased the SFI and increased the CMAP and MNCV of the crushed sciatic nerve in Wister rats. Among laser doses, the difference in the rate of recovery in the electrophysiology was found after two weeks while in the SFI after three weeks. The improvement after the nerve injury was time and dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ehab Mohamed Abdel-Kafy
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Abdel-Raouf El-Fiky
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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155
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Silva-Hucha S, Carrero-Rojas G, Fernández de Sevilla ME, Benítez-Temiño B, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA, Pastor AM, Morcuende S. Sources and lesion-induced changes of VEGF expression in brainstem motoneurons. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1033-1053. [PMID: 32189115 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Motoneurons of the oculomotor system show lesser vulnerability to neurodegeneration compared to other cranial motoneurons, as seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in motoneuronal protection. As previously shown, motoneurons innervating extraocular muscles present a higher amount of VEGF and its receptor Flk-1 compared to facial or hypoglossal motoneurons. Therefore, we aimed to study the possible sources of VEGF to brainstem motoneurons, such as glial cells and target muscles. We also studied the regulation of VEGF in response to axotomy in ocular, facial, and hypoglossal motor nuclei. Basal VEGF expression in astrocytes and microglial cells of the cranial motor nuclei was low. Although the presence of VEGF in the different target muscles for brainstem motoneurons was similar, the presynaptic element of the ocular neuromuscular junction showed higher amounts of Flk-1, which could result in greater efficiency in the capture of the factor by oculomotor neurons. Seven days after axotomy, a clear glial reaction was observed in all the brainstem nuclei, but the levels of the neurotrophic factor remained low in glial cells. Only the injured motoneurons of the oculomotor system showed an increase in VEGF and Flk-1, but such an increase was not detected in axotomized facial or hypoglossal motoneurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that the ocular motoneurons themselves upregulate VEGF expression in response to lesion. In conclusion, the low VEGF expression observed in glial cells suggests that these cells are not the main source of VEGF for brainstem motoneurons. Therefore, the higher VEGF expression observed in motoneurons innervating extraocular muscles is likely due either to the fact that this factor is more avidly taken up from the target muscles, in basal conditions, or is produced by these motoneurons themselves, and acts in an autocrine manner after axotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Silva-Hucha
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Génova Carrero-Rojas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Benítez-Temiño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Angel M Pastor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Morcuende
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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156
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Zink PJ, Philip BA. Cortical Plasticity in Rehabilitation for Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Scoping Review. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7401205030p1-7401205030p15. [PMID: 32078514 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.036665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Poor outcomes after upper extremity peripheral nerve injury (PNI) may arise, in part, from the challenges and complexities of cortical plasticity. Occupational therapy practitioners need to understand how the brain changes after peripheral injury and how principles of cortical plasticity can be applied to improve rehabilitation for clients with PNI. OBJECTIVE To identify the mechanisms of cortical plasticity after PNI and describe how cortical plasticity can contribute to rehabilitation. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase (1900-2017) were searched for articles that addressed either (1) the relationship between PNI and cortical plasticity or (2) rehabilitative interventions based on cortical plastic changes after PNI. Study Selection and Data Collectio : PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Articles were selected if they addressed all of the following concepts: human PNI, cortical plasticity, and rehabilitation. Phantom limb pain and sensation were excluded. FINDINGS Sixty-three articles met the study criteria. The most common evidence level was Level V (46%). We identified four commonly studied mechanisms of cortical plasticity after PNI and the functional implications for each. We found seven rehabilitative interventions based on cortical plasticity: traditional sensory reeducation, activity-based sensory reeducation, selective deafferentation, cross-modal sensory substitution, mirror therapy, mental motor imagery, and action observation with simultaneous peripheral nerve stimulation. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The seven interventions ranged from theoretically well justified (traditional and activity-based sensory reeducation) to unjustified (selective deafferentation). Overall, articles were heterogeneous and of low quality, and future research should prioritize randomized controlled trials for specific neuropathies, interventions, or cortical plasticity mechanisms. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS This article reviews current knowledge about how the brain changes after PNI and how occupational therapy practitioners can take advantage of those changes for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Zink
- Patrick J. Zink, MSOT, is Occupational Therapist, Select Physical Therapy, Kansas City, MO. At the time of the study, he was Student, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Benjamin A Philip
- Benjamin A. Philip, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;
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157
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Lustenhouwer R, Cameron IGM, van Alfen N, Oorsprong TD, Toni I, van Engelen BGM, Groothuis JT, Helmich RC. Altered sensorimotor representations after recovery from peripheral nerve damage in neuralgic amyotrophy. Cortex 2020; 127:180-190. [PMID: 32203744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuralgic amyotrophy is a common peripheral nerve disorder caused by acute autoimmune inflammation of the brachial plexus. Subsequent weakness of the stabilizing shoulder muscles leads to compensatory strategies and abnormal motor control of the shoulder. Despite recovery of peripheral nerves and muscle strength over time, motor dysfunction often persists. Suboptimal motor recovery has been linked to maladaptive changes in the central motor system in several nervous system disorders. We therefore hypothesized that neuralgic amyotrophy patients with persistent motor dysfunction may have altered cerebral sensorimotor representations of the affected upper limb. To test this hypothesis, 21 neuralgic amyotrophy patients (mean age 45 ± 12 years, 5 female) with persistent lateralized symptoms in the right upper limb and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, all right-handed, performed a hand laterality judgement task in a cross-sectional comparison. Previous evidence has shown that to solve this task, subjects rely on sensorimotor representations of their own upper limb, using a first-person imagery perspective without actual motor execution. This enabled us to investigate altered central sensorimotor representations while controlling for altered motor output and altered somatosensory afference. We found that neuralgic amyotrophy patients were specifically less accurate for laterality judgments of their affected right limb, as compared to healthy controls. There were no significant group differences in reaction times. Both groups used a first-person imagery perspective, as evidenced by changes in reaction times as a function of participants' own arm posture. We conclude that cerebral sensorimotor representations of the affected upper limb are altered in neuralgic amyotrophy patients. This suggests that maladaptive central neuroplasticity may occur in response to peripheral nerve damage, thereby contributing to motor dysfunction. Therapies focused on altering cerebral sensorimotor representations may help to treat peripheral nerve disorders such as neuralgic amyotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Lustenhouwer
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ian G M Cameron
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Nens van Alfen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Talitha D Oorsprong
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ivan Toni
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan T Groothuis
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rick C Helmich
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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158
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Yang S, Chang MC. Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Pain Management: A Systematic Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 32132973 PMCID: PMC7040236 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, clinicians have been using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating various pain conditions. This systematic narrative review aimed to examine the use and efficacy of rTMS for controlling various pain conditions. A PubMed search was conducted for articles that were published until June 7, 2019 and used rTMS for pain alleviation. The key search phrase for identifying potentially relevant articles was (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation AND pain). The following inclusion criteria were applied for article selection: (1) patients with pain, (2) rTMS was applied for pain management, and (3) follow-up evaluations were performed after rTMS stimulation to assess the reduction in pain. Review articles were excluded. Overall, 1,030 potentially relevant articles were identified. After reading the titles and abstracts and assessing eligibility based on the full-text articles, 106 publications were finally included in our analysis. Overall, our findings suggested that rTMS is beneficial for treating neuropathic pain of various origins, such as central pain, pain from peripheral nerve disorders, fibromyalgia, and migraine. Although data on the use of rTMS for orofacial pain, including trigeminal neuralgia, phantom pain, low back pain, myofascial pain syndrome, pelvic pain, and complex regional pain syndrome, were promising, there was insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of rTMS for treating these conditions. Therefore, further studies are needed to validate the effects of rTMS on pain relief in these conditions. Overall, this review will help guide clinicians in making informed decisions regarding whether rTMS is an appropriate option for managing various pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyon Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Woman's University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
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159
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Su S, Chai G, Shu X, Sheng X, Zhu X. Electrical stimulation-induced SSSEP as an objective index to evaluate the difference of tactile acuity between the left and right hand. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:016053. [PMID: 31801122 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab5ee9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to propose an objective index to evaluate the difference of tactile acuity between the left and right hand based on steady-state somatosensory evoked potential (SSSEP). APPROACH Two kinds of tactile sensations (vibration and pressure) with three levels of intensities (low/medium/high) were evoked on two finger areas of the left or right hand (thumb and index for healthy hands, thumb and index-projected areas for disabled hands) via transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Three forearm amputees and 13 able-bodied subjects were recruited to discriminate the specific level and area of the applied stimulation. Electroencephalography was adopted to simultaneously record the somatosensory cortex response to TENS. We assessed the discrimination performance (discrimination accuracy rate (AR) and response time (RT)) to quantify the tactile acuity, while the evoked SSSEP was synchronously analyzed. Linear regression analyses were performed between the difference of SSSEP amplitudes and the difference of discrimination performance for the left and right hand stimulation. MAIN RESULTS Frequency domain analysis revealed that SSSEP amplitude increased with the increase of the stimulation intensity. There were positive correlations between the difference of SSSEP amplitudes and the difference of ARs for the left and right hand stimulation in the sensations of vibration (R 2 = 0.6389 for able-bodied subjects, R 2 = 0.5328 for amputees) and pressure (R 2 = 0.6102 for able-bodied subjects, R 2 = 0.5452 for amputees), respectively. Significance The SSSEP amplitude could be used as an objective index to evaluate the difference of the tactile acuity between the left and right hand and has the potential to be applied in sensory rehabilitation for amputees or stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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160
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Zhao J, Wu C. MiR-463-3p inhibits tibial nerve regeneration via post-transcriptional suppression of SPRR1A. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3631-3637. [PMID: 31468997 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1657874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: miRNAs have been involved in neural development, degeneration, and regeneration. MiR-463-3p is expressed in reproductive and nervous systems. In this study, the role of miR-463-3p in tibial nerve injury and regeneration was explored. Materials and methods: A model of tibial nerve injury was established with the crush method, and the levels of miR-463-3p were detected at days 0, 3, 7, 12, 18 and 24 post-injury. Then, primary tibial nerve cells were isolated from newborn mice, and miR-463-3p was respectively overexpressed and knocked down in cultured cells. Behaviors of tibial nerve cells were detected. Furthermore, bioinformatics technology was used to investigate the underlying mechanism. Results: The expression miR-463-3p was robustly increased in the injured tibial nerve in vivo and in tibial nerve cells treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation. The data on gain- and loss-of-function demonstrated that miR-463-3p negatively regulated including neurite length, percentage of cells with neurites, and cell branching in tibial nerve cells. Small proline-rich repeat protein 1 A (SPRR1A), an identified nerve regeneration associated genes, was identified as a target gene of miR-463-3p. Conclusion: Inhibition of miR-463-3p could increase SPRR1A expression in the tibial nerve tissue and improve regeneration of the tibial nerve post-injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Chunfang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University , Kaifeng , China
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161
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Pinho AC, Vieira Branquinho M, Alvites RD, Fonseca AC, Caseiro AR, Santos Pedrosa S, Luís AL, Pires I, Prada J, Muratori L, Ronchi G, Geuna S, Santos JD, Maurício AC, Serra AC, Coelho JFJ. Dextran-based tube-guides for the regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve after neurotmesis injury. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:798-811. [PMID: 31904045 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, dextran-based nerve tube-guides were prepared, characterized and used in a standardized animal model of neurotmesis injury. Non-porous and porous transparent tube-guides were obtained by photocrosslinking of two co-macromonomers based on dextran and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Swelling capacity of the tube-guides ranged from 40-60% with no visible constriction of their inner diameter. In vitro hydrolytic degradation tests showed that the tube-guides maintained their structural integrity up to 6 months. The in vivo performance of the tube-guides was evaluated by entubulation of the rat sciatic nerve after a neurotmesis injury, with a 10 mm-gap between the nerve stumps. The results showed that the tube-guides were able to promote the regeneration of the nerve in a similar manner to what was observed with conventional techniques (nerve graft and end-to-end suture). Stereological analysis proved that nerve regeneration occurred, and both tube-guides presented fibre diameter and g-ratio closer to healthy sciatic nerves. The histomorphometric analysis of Tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscle showed decreased neurogenic atrophy in the porous tube-guides treated group, presenting measurements that are similar to the uninjured control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Pinho
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Vieira Branquinho
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal and Animal Science Study Centre (CECA), University of Porto Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Damásio Alvites
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal and Animal Science Study Centre (CECA), University of Porto Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Clotilde Fonseca
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Caseiro
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal and Animal Science Study Centre (CECA), University of Porto Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal and Vasco da Gama University School/Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal and Animal Science Study Centre (CECA), University of Porto Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Luís
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal and Animal Science Study Centre (CECA), University of Porto Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- CECAV and Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- CECAV and Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luísa Muratori
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- CECAV and Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Domingos Santos
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal and Animal Science Study Centre (CECA), University of Porto Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arménio Coimbra Serra
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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162
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The Cellular and Molecular Patterns Involved in the Neural Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1298:23-41. [PMID: 32514816 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the nervous system cause serious problems among affected patients by preventing them from the possibility of living a normal life. As this tissue possesses a reduced capacity of self-regeneration currently, lots of different strategies are being developed in order to make the regeneration in the nervous system possible. Among them, tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapies are to date very exploded fields and tremendous progress has been made in this direction. As the two main components of the nervous system, react differently to injuries and behave different during disease, it is clear that two separate regeneration approaches have been taken into consideration during development of treatment. Special attention is constantly given to the potential of adipose-derived stem cells for this kind of application. Due to the fact that they present remarkable properties, they can easily be obtained and have demonstrated that are capable of engaging in neural and glial lineages, adipose-derived stem cells are promising tools for the field of nervous system regeneration. Moreover, new insights into epigenetic control and modifications during the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells towards the neural liege could provide new methods to maximize the regeneration process. In this review, we summarize the current applications of adipose-derived stem cells for neural regeneration and discuss in-depth molecular patterns involved in the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in neuron-like cells and Schwann-like cells.
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163
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Minaya DM, Di Lorenzo PM, Hajnal A, Czaja K. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery triggers rapid DNA fragmentation in vagal afferent neurons in rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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164
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Clark AR, Hsu CG, Talukder MAH, Noble M, Elfar JC. Transdermal delivery of 4-aminopyridine accelerates motor functional recovery and improves nerve morphology following sciatic nerve crush injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:136-144. [PMID: 31535662 PMCID: PMC6862422 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) is clinically used for symptomatic relief in multiple sclerosis and we recently demonstrated that systemic 4-AP had previously unknown clinically-relevant effects after traumatic peripheral nerve injury including the promotion of re-myelination, improvement of nerve conductivity, and acceleration of functional recovery. We hypothesized that, instead of oral or injection administration, transdermal 4-AP (TD-4-AP) could also improve functional recovery after traumatic peripheral nerve injury. Mice with surgical traumatic peripheral nerve injury received TD-4AP or vehicle alone and were examined for skin permeability, pharmacokinetics, functional, electrophysiological, and nerve morphological properties. 4-AP showed linear pharmacokinetics and the maximum plasma 4-AP concentrations were proportional to TD-4-AP dose. While a single dose of TD-4-AP administration demonstrated rapid transient improvement in motor function, chronic TD-4-AP treatment significantly improved motor function and nerve conduction and these effects were associated with fewer degenerating axons and thicker myelin sheaths than those from vehicle controls. These findings provide direct evidence for the potential transdermal applicability of 4-AP and demonstrate that 4-AP delivered through the skin can enhance in-vivo functional recovery and nerve conduction while decreasing axonal degeneration. The animal experiments were approved by the University Committee on Animal Research (UCAR) at the University of Rochester (UCAR-2009-019) on March 31, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Clark
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chia George Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M A Hassan Talukder
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mark Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John C Elfar
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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165
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Hussain G, Wang J, Rasul A, Anwar H, Qasim M, Zafar S, Aziz N, Razzaq A, Hussain R, de Aguilar JLG, Sun T. Current Status of Therapeutic Approaches against Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Detailed Story from Injury to Recovery. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:116-134. [PMID: 31892850 PMCID: PMC6930373 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a complex condition with a variety of signs and symptoms such as numbness, tingling, jabbing, throbbing, burning or sharp pain. Peripheral nerves are fragile in nature and can easily get damaged due to acute compression or trauma which may lead to the sensory and motor functions deficits and even lifelong disability. After lesion, the neuronal cell body becomes disconnected from the axon's distal portion to the injury site leading to the axonal degeneration and dismantlement of neuromuscular junctions of targeted muscles. In spite of extensive research on this aspect, complete functional recovery still remains a challenge to be resolved. This review highlights detailed pathophysiological events after an injury to a peripheral nerve and the associated factors that can either hinder or promote the regenerative machinery. In addition, it throws light on the available therapeutic strategies including supporting therapies, surgical and non-surgical interventions to ameliorate the axonal regeneration, neuronal survival, and reinnervation of peripheral targets. Despite the availability of various treatment options, we are still lacking the optimal treatments for a perfect and complete functional regain. The need for the present age is to discover or design such potent compounds that would be able to execute the complete functional retrieval. In this regard, plant-derived compounds are getting more attention and several recent reports validate their remedial effects. A plethora of plants and plant-derived phytochemicals have been suggested with curative effects against a number of diseases in general and neuronal injury in particular. They can be a ray of hope for the suffering individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021 China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Zafar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rashad Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neuromedicine (SMD), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 645, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jose-Luis Gonzalez de Aguilar
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021 China
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166
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Abstract
In vivo electrochemical sensing based on implantable microelectrodes is a strong driving force of analytical neurochemistry in brain. The complex and dynamic neurochemical network sets stringent standards of in vivo electrochemical sensors including high spatiotemporal resolution, selectivity, sensitivity, and minimized disturbance on brain function. Although advanced materials and novel technologies have promoted the development of in vivo electrochemical sensors drastically, gaps with the goals still exist. This Review mainly focuses on recent attempts on the key issues of in vivo electrochemical sensors including selectivity, tissue response and sensing reliability, and compatibility with electrophysiological techniques. In vivo electrochemical methods with bare carbon fiber electrodes, of which the selectivity is achieved either with electrochemical techniques such as fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry or based on the physiological nature will not be reviewed. Following the elaboration of each issue involved in in vivo electrochemical sensors, possible solutions supported by the latest methodological progress will be discussed, aiming to provide inspiring and practical instructions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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167
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Meyers EC, Kasliwal N, Solorzano BR, Lai E, Bendale G, Berry A, Ganzer PD, Romero-Ortega M, Rennaker RL, Kilgard MP, Hays SA. Enhancing plasticity in central networks improves motor and sensory recovery after nerve damage. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5782. [PMID: 31857587 PMCID: PMC6923364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve damage can cause chronic, debilitating problems including loss of motor control and paresthesia, and generates maladaptive neuroplasticity as central networks attempt to compensate for the loss of peripheral connectivity. However, it remains unclear if this is a critical feature responsible for the expression of symptoms. Here, we use brief bursts of closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation (CL-VNS) delivered during rehabilitation to reverse the aberrant central plasticity resulting from forelimb nerve transection. CL-VNS therapy drives extensive synaptic reorganization in central networks paralleled by improved sensorimotor recovery without any observable changes in the nerve or muscle. Depleting cortical acetylcholine blocks the plasticity-enhancing effects of CL-VNS and consequently eliminates recovery, indicating a critical role for brain circuits in recovery. These findings demonstrate that manipulations to enhance central plasticity can improve sensorimotor recovery and define CL-VNS as a readily translatable therapy to restore function after nerve damage. Peripheral nerve damage generates maladaptive neuroplasticity as central networks attempt to compensate for the loss of peripheral connectivity. Here, the authors reverse the aberrant plasticity via vagus nerve stimulation to elicit synaptic reorganization and to improve sensorimotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Meyers
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Nimit Kasliwal
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Bleyda R Solorzano
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Elaine Lai
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Geetanjali Bendale
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Abigail Berry
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Patrick D Ganzer
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Mario Romero-Ortega
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Robert L Rennaker
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Michael P Kilgard
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Seth A Hays
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
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168
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Zheng F, Li R, He Q, Koral K, Tao J, Fan L, Xiang R, Ma J, Wang N, Yin Y, Huang Z, Xu P, Xu H. The electrostimulation and scar inhibition effect of chitosan/oxidized hydroxyethyl cellulose/reduced graphene oxide/asiaticoside liposome based hydrogel on peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110560. [PMID: 32228996 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of hollow nerve conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve defects is effected by inferior recovery, and nerve extension is hampered by the scar tissue generated during the repair process. In this study, the filler in hollow nerve conduit, chitosan/oxidized hydroxyethyl cellulose (CS/OHEC) hydrogel loaded asiaticoside liposome and the conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were developed and used to reform the microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration. The physiochemical properties of CS/OHEC/rGO/asiaticoside liposome hydrogel were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compressive modulus, porosity, swelling ratio, degradation and conductivity. In addition, the asiaticoside release profiles in vitro were investigated. The hydrogel had a continuous porous network structure with pore size distribution in the range of 50-250 μm. The majority of the hydrogels had porosities above 70%, and a compressive modulus of 0.45 MPa. The weight loss rate of hydrogel reached 76.14 ± 4.45% within 8 weeks. The conductivity of the hydrogel was 5.27 ± 0.42 × 10-4 S/cm. The hydrogel was non-toxic and suitable for adhesion and proliferation of nerve cells in vitro. In addition, the application of electrical stimulation after the addition of rGO can promote the differentiation and proliferation of nerve cells, accelerating nerve regeneration. The asiaticoside released from the hydrogel had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and collagen secretion of fibroblasts, eliminating scars for regenerative nerves, which can promote the function recovery of defected peripheral nerve. Together, these positive results indicate that the hydrogel would be a promising candidate for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qundi He
- Wuhan Mafangshan Middle School, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kelly Koral
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Runzhi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingyao Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yixia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peihu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Haixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Wuhan Kanghua Century Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Wuhan 430070, China.
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169
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Long-term disuse of the hand affects motor imagery ability in patients with complete brachial plexus palsy. Neuroreport 2019; 30:452-456. [PMID: 30855560 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine motor imagery ability in patients with peripheral nerve disorder using the hand mental rotation task. Five patients with left total avulsion brachial plexus palsy (BPP) and 16 healthy age-matched adults participated in this study. The mean±SD time from the injury was 103.6±49.7 months. Participants performed a hand mental rotation task as the motor imagery task; outcome measures included the reaction time from cognizing hand stimuli to the judgment of hand laterality (right or left) and the error rate. Patients also completed the Hand 20 questionnaire to assess the use of their affected limb. Log-transformed reaction times of the affected limb in patients with BPP were significantly higher than those of the unaffected limb and the left-sided limb of the healthy participants. Log-transformed reaction times of the unaffected limb in patients were significantly higher than those of the right-sided limb in healthy participants. Log-transformed error rate did not differ between patients and healthy participants. According to the results of the Hand 20 questionnaire, patients with BPP hardly used their affected limb because of severe sensory-motor dysfunction. Motor imagery ability of the affected and unaffected limbs in patients with complete BPP may be decreased owing to long-term disuse. These findings suggest that long-term disuse in those with severe peripheral nerve disorders could affect motor imagery ability of both the affected and unaffected limbs.
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170
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Woodley PK, Min Q, Li Y, Mulvey NF, Parkinson DB, Dun XP. Distinct VIP and PACAP Functions in the Distal Nerve Stump During Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1326. [PMID: 31920495 PMCID: PMC6920234 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Pituitary Adenylyl Cyclase Activating Peptide (PACAP) are regeneration-associated neuropeptides, which are up-regulated by neurons following peripheral nerve injury. So far, they have only been studied for their roles as autocrine signals for both neuronal survival and axon outgrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration. In this report, we examined VIP and PACAP's paracrine effects on Schwann cells and macrophages in the distal nerve stump during peripheral nerve regeneration. We show that VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 are all up-regulated in the mouse distal nerve following peripheral nerve injury and are highly expressed in Schwann cells and macrophages within the distal sciatic nerve. We further investigated the effect of VIP and PACAP on cultured rat Schwann cells, and found that VIP and PACAP can not only promote myelin gene expression in Schwann cells but can also inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Schwann cells. Furthermore, we show that VIP and PACAP inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in sciatic nerve explants. Our results provide evidence that VIP and PACAP could have important functions in the distal nerve stump following injury to promote remyelination and regulate the inflammatory response. Thus, VIP and PACAP receptors appear as important targets to promote peripheral nerve repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Woodley
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Min
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yankun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Nina F Mulvey
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - David B Parkinson
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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171
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Kubiak CA, Grochmal J, Kung TA, Cederna PS, Midha R, Kemp SWP. Stem-cell-based therapies to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2019; 61:449-459. [PMID: 31725911 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury remains a major cause of morbidity in trauma patients. Despite advances in microsurgical techniques and improved understanding of nerve regeneration, obtaining satisfactory outcomes after peripheral nerve injury remains a difficult clinical problem. There is a growing body of evidence in preclinical animal studies demonstrating the supportive role of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. The characteristics of both mesoderm-derived and ectoderm-derived stem cell types and their role in peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed, specifically focusing on the presentation of both foundational laboratory studies and translational applications. The current state of clinical translation is presented, with an emphasis on both ethical considerations of using stems cells in humans and current governmental regulatory policies. Current advancements in cell-based therapies represent a promising future with regard to supporting nerve regeneration and achieving significant functional recovery after debilitating nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Kubiak
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joey Grochmal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theodore A Kung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen W P Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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172
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Carvalho CR, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Modern Trends for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration: Beyond the Hollow Nerve Guidance Conduit. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:337. [PMID: 31824934 PMCID: PMC6882937 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve repair and regeneration remains among the greatest challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Even though peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are capable of some degree of regeneration, frail recovery is seen even when the best microsurgical technique is applied. PNIs are known to be very incapacitating for the patient, due to the deprivation of motor and sensory abilities. Since there is no optimal solution for tackling this problem up to this day, the evolution in the field is constant, with innovative designs of advanced nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) being reported every day. As a basic concept, a NGC should act as a physical barrier from the external environment, concomitantly acting as physical guidance for the regenerative axons across the gap lesion. NGCs should also be able to retain the naturally released nerve growth factors secreted by the damaged nerve stumps, as well as reducing the invasion of scar tissue-forming fibroblasts to the injury site. Based on the neurobiological knowledge related to the events that succeed after a nerve injury, neuronal subsistence is subjected to the existence of an ideal environment of growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) factors. Therefore, it is known that multifunctional NGCs fabricated through combinatorial approaches are needed to improve the functional and clinical outcomes after PNIs. The present work overviews the current reports dealing with the several features that can be used to improve peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR), ranging from the simple use of hollow NGCs to tissue engineered intraluminal fillers, or to even more advanced strategies, comprising the molecular and gene therapies as well as cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana R. Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Guimarães, Portugal
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173
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Uranbileg B, Ito N, Kurano M, Saigusa D, Saito R, Uruno A, Kano K, Ikeda H, Yamada Y, Sumitani M, Sekiguchi M, Aoki J, Yatomi Y. Alteration of the lysophosphatidic acid and its precursor lysophosphatidylcholine levels in spinal cord stenosis: A study using a rat cauda equina compression model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16578. [PMID: 31719574 PMCID: PMC6851136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cauda equina compression (CEC) is a major cause of neurogenic claudication and progresses to neuropathic pain (NP). A lipid mediator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is known to induce NP via the LPA1 receptor. To know a possible mechanism of LPA production in neurogenic claudication, we determined the levels of LPA, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal cord (SC) using a CEC as a possible model of neurogenic claudication. Using silicon blocks within the lumbar epidural space, we developed a CEC model in rats with motor dysfunction. LPC and LPA levels in the CSF were significantly increased from day 1. Importantly, specific LPA species (16:0, 18:2, 20:4) were upregulated, which have been shown to produce by ATX detected in the CSF, without changes on its level. In SC, the LPC and LPA levels did not change, but mass spectrometry imaging analysis revealed that LPC was present in a region where the silicon blocks were inserted. These results propose a model for LPA production in SC and CSF upon neurogenic claudication that LPC produced locally by tissue damages is converted to LPA by ATX, which then leak out into the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baasanjav Uranbileg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Miyagi, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ritsumi Saito
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Miyagi, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Uruno
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Miyagi, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sumitani
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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174
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Osborne NR, Anastakis DJ, Davis KD. Peripheral nerve injuries, pain, and neuroplasticity. J Hand Ther 2019; 31:184-194. [PMID: 29706196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) cause both structural and functional brain changes that may be associated with significant sensorimotor abnormalities and pain. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this narrative review is to provide hand therapists an overview of PNI-induced neuroplasticity and to explain how the brain changes following PNI, repair, and during rehabilitation. METHODS Toward this goal, we review key aspects of neuroplasticity and neuroimaging and discuss sensory testing techniques used to study neuroplasticity in PNI patients. RESULTS We describe the specific brain changes that occur during the repair and recovery process of both traumatic (eg, transection) and nontraumatic (eg, compression) nerve injuries. We also explain how these changes contribute to common symptoms including hypoesthesia, hyperalgesia, cold sensitivity, and chronic neurogenic pain. In addition, we describe how maladaptive neuroplasticity as well as psychological and personality characteristics impacts treatment outcome. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Greater understanding of the brain's contribution to symptoms in recovering PNI patients could help guide rehabilitation strategies and inform the development of novel techniques to counteract these maladaptive brain changes and ultimately improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Osborne
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Anastakis
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen D Davis
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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175
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Soares Dos Santos Cardoso F, Cardoso R, Dos Santos Ramalho B, Bastos Taboada T, Dos Santos Nogueira AC, Blanco Martinez AM, Martins de Almeida F. Inosine Accelerates the Regeneration and Anticipates the Functional Recovery after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 423:206-215. [PMID: 31682823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) results in loss of motor and sensory functions. After an injury, a complex series of events begins, allowing axonal regeneration and target reinnervation. However, this regenerative potential is limited by several factors such as age, distance from the lesion site to the target and severity of lesion. Many studies look for ways to overcome these limitations. Inosine, a purine nucleoside derived from adenosine, emerges as a potential treatment, due to its capacity to regulate axonal growth, neuroprotection and immunomodulation, contributing to motor recovery. However, no studies demonstrated their effects on PNS. C57/Black6 mice were submitted to sciatic nerve crush and received intraperitoneal injections of saline or inosine (70 mg/kg), one hour after injury and daily for one week. To evaluate axonal regeneration and functional recovery, electroneuromyography, Sciatic Function Index (SFI), rotarod and pinprick tests were performed. Our results showed that the inosine group presented a higher number of myelinated fibers and a large amount of fibers within the ideal G-ratio. In addition, the results of electroneuromyography showed greater amplitude of the compound muscle action potentials in the first and second weeks, suggesting anticipation of regeneration in the inosine group. We also observed in the inosine group, motor and sensory neurons survival, reduction in the number of macrophages and myelin ovoids in the sciatic nerves, and an early recovery of motor and sensory functions. Thus, we conclude that the use of inosine accelerates axonal regeneration promoting an early recovery of motor and sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fellipe Soares Dos Santos Cardoso
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Ramalho
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bastos Taboada
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Dos Santos Nogueira
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, ICB/UFRJ, Brazil.
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176
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Improved Motor Nerve Regeneration by SIRT1/Hif1a-Mediated Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111354. [PMID: 31671642 PMCID: PMC6912449 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete restoring of functional connectivity between neurons or target tissue after traumatic lesions is still an unmet medical need. Using models of nerve axotomy and compression, we investigated the effect of autophagy induction by genetic and pharmacological manipulation on motor nerve regeneration. ATG5 or NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) overexpression on spinal motoneurons stimulates mTOR-independent autophagy and facilitates a growth-competent state improving motor axonal regeneration with better electromyographic records after nerve transection and suture. In agreement with this, using organotypic spinal cord cultures and the human cell line SH-SY5Y, we observed that the activation of SIRT1 and autophagy by NeuroHeal increased neurite outgrowth and length extension and that this was mediated by downstream HIF1a. To conclude, SIRT1/Hifα-dependent autophagy confers a more pro-regenerative phenotype to motoneurons after peripheral nerve injury. Altogether, we provide evidence showing that autophagy induction by SIRT1/Hifα activation or NeuroHeal treatment is a novel therapeutic option for improving motor nerve regeneration and functional recovery after injury.
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177
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Dysregulated Transcription Factor TFAP2A After Peripheral Nerve Injury Modulated Schwann Cell Phenotype. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2776-2785. [PMID: 31650361 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors regulate the transcriptions and expressions of numerous target genes and direct a variety of physiological and pathological activities. To obtain a better understanding of the involvement of transcription factors during peripheral nerve repair and regeneration, significantly differentially expressed genes coding for transcription factors in rat sciatic nerves after sciatic nerve crush injury were identified. A total of 9 transcription factor genes, including GBX2, HIF3A, IRF8, LRRC63, SNAI3, SPIB, TBX21, TFAP2A, and ZBTB16 were identified to be commonly differentially expressed at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after nerve injury. TFAP2A, a gene encoding transcription factor activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha, was found to be critical in the regulatory network. PCR validation and immunohistochemistry staining of injured rat sciatic nerves showed that TFAP2A expression was significantly up-regulated in the Schwann cells after nerve injury for at least 2 weeks. Schwann cells transfected with TFAP2A-siRNA exhibited elevated proliferation rate and migration ability, suggesting that TFAP2A suppressed Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Collectively, our study provided a global overview of the dynamic changes of transcription factors after sciatic nerve injury, discovered key transcription factors for the regeneration process, and deepened the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.
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178
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Haney MM, Hamad A, Woldu HG, Ciucci M, Nichols N, Bunyak F, Lever TE. Recurrent laryngeal nerve transection in mice results in translational upper airway dysfunction. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:574-596. [PMID: 31512255 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is responsible for normal vocal-fold (VF) movement, and is at risk for iatrogenic injury during anterior neck surgical procedures in human patients. Injury, resulting in VF paralysis, may contribute to subsequent swallowing, voice, and respiratory dysfunction. Unfortunately, treatment for RLN injury does little to restore physiologic function of the VFs. Thus, we sought to create a mouse model with translational functional outcomes to further investigate RLN regeneration and potential therapeutic interventions. To do so, we performed ventral neck surgery in 21 C57BL/6J male mice, divided into two groups: Unilateral RLN Transection (n = 11) and Sham Injury (n = 10). Mice underwent behavioral assays to determine upper airway function at multiple time points prior to and following surgery. Transoral endoscopy, videofluoroscopy, ultrasonic vocalizations, and whole-body plethysmography were used to assess VF motion, swallow function, vocal function, and respiratory function, respectively. Affected outcome metrics, such as VF motion correlation, intervocalization interval, and peak inspiratory flow were identified to increase the translational potential of this model. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was used to investigate neuronal cell death in the nucleus ambiguus. Results revealed that RLN transection created ipsilateral VF paralysis that did not recover by 13 weeks postsurgery. Furthermore, there was evidence of significant vocal and respiratory dysfunction in the RLN transection group, but not the sham injury group. No significant differences in swallow function or neuronal cell death were found between the two groups. In conclusion, our mouse model of RLN injury provides several novel functional outcome measures to increase the translational potential of findings in preclinical animal studies. We will use this model and behavioral assays to assess various treatment options in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Haney
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ali Hamad
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Henok G Woldu
- Department of Health Management & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michelle Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nicole Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Filiz Bunyak
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Teresa E Lever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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179
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Moritz TA, Snowdon DA, Peiris CL. Combining aquatic physiotherapy with usual care physiotherapy for people with neurological conditions: A systematic review. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 25:e1813. [DOI: 10.1002/pri.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A. Moritz
- Victorian Paediatric Rehabilitation ServiceEastern Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David A. Snowdon
- Allied Heath Clinical Research OfficeEastern Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Casey L. Peiris
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and SportLa Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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180
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Ghergherehchi CL, Hibbard EA, Mikesh M, Bittner GD, Sengelaub DR. Behavioral recovery and spinal motoneuron remodeling after polyethylene glycol fusion repair of singly cut and ablated sciatic nerves. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223443. [PMID: 31584985 PMCID: PMC6777790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol repair (PEG-fusion) of severed sciatic axons restores their axoplasmic and membrane continuity, prevents Wallerian degeneration, maintains muscle fiber innervation, and greatly improves recovery of voluntary behaviors. We examined alterations in spinal connectivity and motoneuron dendritic morphology as one potential mechanism for improved behavioral function after PEG-fusion. At 2–112 days after a single-cut or allograft PEG-fusion repair of transected or ablated sciatic nerves, the number, size, location, and morphology of motoneurons projecting to the tibialis anterior muscle were assessed by retrograde labeling. For both lesion types, labeled motoneurons were found in the appropriate original spinal segment, but also in inappropriate segments, indicating mis-pairings of proximal-distal segments of PEG-fused motor axons. Although the number and somal size of motoneurons was unaffected, dendritic distributions were altered, indicating that PEG-fusion preserves spinal motoneurons but reorganizes their connectivity. This spinal reorganization may contribute to the remarkable behavioral recovery seen after PEG-fusion repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L. Ghergherehchi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Emily A. Hibbard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michelle Mikesh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - George D. Bittner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dale R. Sengelaub
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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181
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Zheng MX, Shen YD, Hua XY, Hou AL, Zhu Y, Xu WD. Cortical Reorganization in Dual Innervation by Single Peripheral Nerve. Neurosurgery 2019; 83:819-826. [PMID: 29029335 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury and repair is related with cortical reorganization. However, the mechanism of innervating dual targets by 1 donor nerve is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the cortical reorganization when the phrenic nerve simultaneously innervates the diaphragm and biceps. METHODS Total brachial plexus (C5-T1) injury rats were repaired by phrenic nerve-musculocutaneous nerve transfer with end-to-side (n = 15) or end-to-end (n = 15) neurorrhaphy. Brachial plexus avulsion (n = 5) and sham surgery (n = 5) rats were included for control. Behavioral observation, electromyography, and histologic studies were used for confirming peripheral nerve reinnervation. Cortical representations of the diaphragm and reinnervated biceps were studied by intracortical microstimulation techniques before and at months 0.5, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after surgery. RESULTS At month 0.5 after complete brachial plexus injury, the motor representation of the injured forelimb disappeared. The diaphragm representation was preserved in the "end-to-side" group but absent in the "end-to-end" group. Rhythmic contraction of biceps appeared in "end-to-end" and "end-to-side" groups, and the biceps representation reappeared in the original biceps and diaphragm areas at months 3 and 5. At month 10, it was completely located in the original biceps area in the "end-to-end" group. Part of the biceps representation remained in the original diaphragm area in the "end-to-side" group. Destroying the contralateral motor cortex did not eliminate respiration-related contraction of biceps. CONCLUSION The brain tends to resume biceps representation from the original diaphragm area to the original biceps area following phrenic nerve transfer. The original diaphragm area partly preserves reinnervated biceps representation after end-to-side transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Dong Shen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao-Lin Hou
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Dong Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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182
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Uckermann O, Hirsch J, Galli R, Bendig J, Later R, Koch E, Schackert G, Steiner G, Tanaka E, Kirsch M. Label-free Imaging of Tissue Architecture during Axolotl Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Comparison to Functional Recovery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12641. [PMID: 31477751 PMCID: PMC6718386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral nerves hold the potential to regenerate after injuries; however, whether a successful axonal regrowth was achieved can be elucidated only months after injury by assessing function. The axolotl salamander is a regenerative model where nerves always regenerate quickly and fully after all types of injury. Here, de- and regeneration of the axolotl sciatic nerve were investigated in a single and double injury model by label-free multiphoton imaging in comparison to functional recovery. We used coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering to visualize myelin fragmentation and axonal regeneration. The presence of axons at the lesion site corresponded to onset of functional recovery in both lesion models. In addition, we detected axonal regrowth later in the double injury model in agreement with a higher severity of injury. Moreover, endogenous two-photon excited fluorescence visualized macrophages and revealed a similar timecourse of inflammation in both injury models, which did not correlate with functional recovery. Finally, using the same techniques, axonal structure and status of myelin were visualized in vivo after sciatic nerve injury. Label-free imaging is a new experimental approach that provides mechanistic insights in animal models, with the potential to be used in the future for investigation of regeneration after nerve injuries in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Joana Hirsch
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Bendig
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Later
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elly Tanaka
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
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183
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Cuberovic I, Gill A, Resnik LJ, Tyler DJ, Graczyk EL. Learning of Artificial Sensation Through Long-Term Home Use of a Sensory-Enabled Prosthesis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:853. [PMID: 31496931 PMCID: PMC6712074 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper limb prostheses are specialized tools, and skilled operation is learned by amputees over time. Recently, neural prostheses using implanted peripheral nerve interfaces have enabled advances in artificial somatosensory feedback that can improve prosthesis outcomes. However, the effect of sensory learning on artificial somatosensation has not been studied, despite its known influence on intact somatosensation and analogous neuroprostheses. Sensory learning involves changes in the perception and interpretation of sensory feedback and may further influence functional and psychosocial outcomes. In this mixed methods case study, we examined how passive learning over 115 days of home use of a neural-connected, sensory-enabled prosthetic hand influenced perception of artificial sensory feedback in a participant with transradial amputation. We examined perceptual changes both within individual days of use and across the duration of the study. At both time scales, the reported percept locations became significantly more aligned with prosthesis sensor locations, and the phantom limb became significantly more extended toward the prosthesis position. Similarly, the participant’s ratings of intensity, naturalness, and contact touch significantly increased, while his ratings of vibration and movement significantly decreased across-days for tactile channels. These sensory changes likely resulted from engagement of cortical plasticity mechanisms as the participant learned to use the artificial sensory feedback. We also assessed psychosocial and functional outcomes through surveys and interviews, and found that self-efficacy, perceived function, prosthesis embodiment, social touch, body image, and prosthesis efficiency improved significantly. These outcomes typically improved within the first month of home use, demonstrating rapid benefits of artificial sensation. Participant interviews indicated that the naturalness of the experience and engagement with the prosthesis increased throughout the study, suggesting that artificial somatosensation may decrease prosthesis abandonment. Our data showed that prosthesis embodiment was intricately related to naturalness and phantom limb perception, and that learning the artificial sensation may have modified the body schema. As another indicator of successfully learning to use artificial sensation, the participant reported the emergence of stereognosis later in the study. This study provides the first evidence that artificial somatosensation can undergo similar learning processes as intact sensation and highlights the importance of sensory restoration in prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cuberovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anisha Gill
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Linda J Resnik
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dustin J Tyler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily L Graczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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184
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Sağır D, Kuruoğlu E, Onger ME, Yarar E. The Effects of folic acid and topiramate on peripheral nerve regeneration. Biotech Histochem 2019; 95:105-112. [PMID: 31423848 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1637022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury creates unusual sensitivity and pathological spontaneous activity in neurons that are described as ectopic discharge. Voltage dependent Na channels are responsible for ectopic discharge. Topiramate (TOP) inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels by blocking both the amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor and folic acid (FA) activity in neurotransmitter synthesis reactions. FA and TOP are anti-apoptotic agents by both phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) signaling activation and anti-inflammatory effects at the injury site. We investigated the effects of FA and TOP in peripheral nerve injury. We used rats with a sciatic nerve injury (SNI) treated with FA or TOP once daily for 6 weeks. Histological and electrophysiological tests were used to evaluate the morphology, and motor and sensory functions. Numbers of axons, myelin sheath thickness and axon area were measured using stereological techniques; functionality also was evaluated. Although FA exhibited a positive effect on regeneration by increasing the number of axons, we found no difference in axonal outgrowth or myelin sheath formation between the TOP and FA groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sağır
- Department of Nursing, Health School, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - E Kuruoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M E Onger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - E Yarar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bafra State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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185
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Horstman GM, Housley SN, Cope TC. Dysregulation of mechanosensory circuits coordinating the actions of antagonist motor pools following peripheral nerve injury and muscle reinnervation. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:124-134. [PMID: 31039333 PMCID: PMC6588415 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Movement disorders observed following peripheral nerve injury and muscle reinnervation suggest discoordination in the activation of antagonist muscles. Although underlying mechanisms remain undecided, dysfunction in spinal reflex circuits is a reasonable candidate. Based on the well known role of reflex inhibition between agonist and antagonist muscles in normal animals, we hypothesized its reduction following muscle reinnervation, similar to that associated with other disorders exhibiting antagonist discoordination, e.g. spinal cord injury and dystonia. Experiments performed on acutely-decerebrated rats examined interactions of mechanosensory reflexes between ipsilateral muscles acting as mechanical antagonists at the ankle joint: ankle extensor, gastrocnemii (G) muscles (agonists) and ankle flexor, tibialis anterior (TA) muscle (antagonist). The force of agonist stretch reflex contraction was measured for its suppression or facilitation by concurrent conditioning stretch of the antagonist muscle. Data were compared between two groups of adult rats, an antagonist reinnervation group with TA muscle reinnervated and a control group with TA normally innervated. Results revealed a three-fold increase in reflex suppression in the antagonist reinnervation group, contrary to our predicted decrease. Reflex facilitation also increased, not only in strength, seven-fold, but also in its frequency of stochastic occurrence across stimulus trials. These observations suggest dysregulation in specific spinal reflex circuits as novel candidate origins of modified antagonist muscle coordination following peripheral nerve injury and muscle reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Horstman
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States of America
| | - Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States of America; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America; W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America.
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186
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Combined Action of GDNF and HGF Up-Regulates Axonal Growth by Increasing ERK1/2 Phosphorylation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:413-417. [PMID: 31350657 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A stimulating effect of a combination of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and glial neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the growth of neurites in the spinal ganglion model was demonstrated. The mechanism of neurite growth in the spinal ganglion model is associated with transactivation of HGF c-met receptor in the presence of both HGF and GDNF. The combination of HGF and GDNF significantly activated mitogenic signaling cascade mediated by protein kinases ERK1/2, which can be a mechanism for increasing the number of neurites. Our findings can be used for developing effective methods for restoring impaired peripheral nerve function after traumatic and ischemic injury using a combination of GDNF and HGF.
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187
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Hutchinson JM, Isaacson LG. Elimination of microglia in mouse spinal cord alters the retrograde CNS plasticity observed following peripheral axon injury. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146328. [PMID: 31295468 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the transection of peripherally located sympathetic preganglionic axons of the cervical sympathetic trunk (CST), transient retrograde neuronal and glial responses occur in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the spinal cord, the location of the parent neuronal cell bodies. The role of microglia in this central response to peripheral axon injury was examined in mice fed the PLX5622 diet containing colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor for 28 days, which eliminated approximately 90% of spinal cord microglia. Microglia elimination did not impact baseline neurotransmitter expression in the IML neurons, and the typical neuronal plasticity observed following CST transection was unaffected. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were significantly increased at one week post injury in the IML of mice fed the control diet, with no change in mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). Following microglia elimination, the baseline population of OPCs in the IML was increased, suggesting increased OPC proliferation. Injury in the microglia depleted mice resulted in no additional increase in OPCs. Though baseline astrocyte activation and GFAP protein expression were unaffected, microglia elimination led to increased activation and GFAP protein post injury when compared with mice fed the control diet. These results reveal that microglia regulate the baseline OPC population in the uninjured spinal cord and that activated microglia influence the activities of OL lineage cells as well as astrocytes. The regulatory roles of microglia observed in this study likely contribute to the long term survival of the IML neurons observed following the distal axon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika M Hutchinson
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Lori G Isaacson
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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188
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Gao J, Zhang L, Wei Y, Chen T, Ji X, Ye K, Yu J, Tang B, Sun X, Hu J. Human hair keratins promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves in a rat sciatic nerve crush model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:82. [PMID: 31273463 PMCID: PMC6609591 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Axon regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury remains a clinical challenge. Injury leads to axonal disintegration after which Schwann cells (SCs) and macrophages re-engage in the process of regeneration. At present, biomaterials are regarded as the most promising way to repair peripheral nerve damage. As a natural material, keratin has a wide range of sources and has good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Here, a keratin was extracted from human hair by reducing method and a keratin sponge with porous structure was obtained by further processing. The results suggested that keratin can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, migration as well as the secretion of neurotrophic factors by SCs and the regulation of the expression of macrophage inflammatory cytokines in vitro. We report for the first time that human hair keratin can promote the extension of axon in DRG neurons. The motor deficits caused by a sciatic nerve crush injury were alleviated by keratin sponge dressing in vivo. Thus, keratin has been identified as a valuable biomaterial that can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Gao
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yusheng Wei
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianyan Ji
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Yu
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Jinagsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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189
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Hulsey DR, Mian TM, Darrow MJ, Hays SA. Quantitative assessment of cortical somatosensory digit representations after median and ulnar nerve injury in rats. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2297-2304. [PMID: 31273391 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete recovery of sensory function is common after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Despite reinnervation following injury, disorganized cortical representations persist and may contribute to functional deficits. There is a dearth of literature characterizing cortical responses after PNI in rodent models. Here we develop a quantitative electrophysiological method for mapping forepaw digit responses in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of rats. We tested the hypothesis that PNI in the forelimb would generate significant, long lasting sensory deficits, and corresponding disorganization in S1. Rats underwent a transection of the proximal segment of the median and ulnar nerves in the forelimb followed by tubular repair. 4-12 months after nerve injury, we tested mechanosensory withdrawal thresholds and mapped S1 responses to mechanical stimulation of the digits. PNI produces persistent elevation of mechanical withdrawal thresholds, consistent with an impairment in sensory function. Assessment of cortical neurophysiology reveals a substantial disorganization of S1 somatotopy. Additionally, we document degraded timing and digit specificity of cortical responses. This quantitative measurement of long-term changes in S1 digit representations after forelimb nerve injury in rodents provides a framework for further studies focused on the development of therapeutic strategies to restore cortical and sensory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Hulsey
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Tabarak M Mian
- School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, GR41, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Michael J Darrow
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Seth A Hays
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.,Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
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190
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Yao C, Yu B. Role of Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Nerve Regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:165. [PMID: 31316349 PMCID: PMC6611387 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve injuries may cause severe disability and affect the quality of life. It is of great importance to get a full understanding of the biological processes and molecular mechanisms underlying nerve injuries to find and target specific molecules for nerve regeneration. Numerous studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in diverse biological processes and diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are two major groups of ncRNAs, which attract growing attention. The altered expression patterns of lncRNAs and circRNAs following nerve injury suggest that these ncRNAs might be associated with nerve regeneration. This review will give a brief introduction of lncRNAs and circRNAs. We then summarize the current studies on lncRNAs and circRNAs following peripheral nerve injury and spinal cord injury (SCI). Typical lncRNAs and circRNAs are introduced to illustrate the diverse molecular mechanisms for nerve regeneration. In addition, we also discuss some issues to be addressed in future investigations on lncRNAs and circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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191
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Chen J, Ren S, Duscher D, Kang Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Yuan M, Guo G, Xiong H, Zhan P, Wang Y, Machens HG, Chen Z. Exosomes from human adipose-derived stem cells promote sciatic nerve regeneration via optimizing Schwann cell function. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23097-23110. [PMID: 31124125 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have a potential for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Recent studies demonstrated that stem cells can mediate therapeutic effect by secreting exosomes. We aimed to investigate the effect of human ASCs derived exosomes (ASC-Exos) on peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed after being internalized by Schwann cells (SCs), ASC-Exos significantly promoted SC proliferation, migration, myelination, and secretion of neurotrophic factors by upregulating corresponding genes in vitro. We next evaluated the efficacy of ASC-Exo therapy in a rat sciatic nerve transection model with a 10-mm gap. Axon regeneration, myelination, and restoration of denervation muscle atrophy in ASC-Exos treated group was significantly improved compared to vehicle control. This study demonstrates that ASC-Exos effectively promote peripheral nerve regeneration via optimizing SC function and thereby represent a novel therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine and nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guojun Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hewei Xiong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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192
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The Use and Delivery of Stem Cells in Nerve Regeneration: Preclinical Evidence and Regulatory Considerations. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 80:448-456. [PMID: 29166311 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain poor despite the regenerative capacity displayed by the peripheral nervous system. Current therapies are limited and do not provide satisfactory functional recovery in a multitude of cases. Biomaterials have decreased the need for nerve autograft across small nerve gaps in small-caliber nerves, but the lack of a cellular substrate presents a limiting factor to the effectiveness of this therapy. Schwann cells are the supportive cells in the peripheral nervous system and play an integral role in the physiological response and regeneration following nerve injury. Limitations to autologous Schwann cells include donor site morbidity during harvesting, limited expansion capability, and finite source. Stem cells are multipotent or pluripotent cells with self-renewing capabilities that show promise to improve functional recovery following nerve injury. Differentiation of stem cells into supportive Schwann cells could provide additional trophic support without the disadvantages of autologous Schwann cells, providing an avenue to improve existing therapies. A variety of stem cells have been evaluated in animal models for this clinical application; the current options, along with their clinical feasibility, are summarized in this article.
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193
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Huang ZF, Lin BQ, Torsha TT, Dilshad S, Yang DS, Xiao J. Effect of Mannitol plus Vitamins B in the management of patients with piriformis syndrome. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 32:329-337. [PMID: 30412481 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-170983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piriformis syndrome (PS) is an entrapment of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle, or myofascial pain from the piriformis muscle. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mannitol plus Vitamins B regime in the management of PS. METHODS Twenty two patients were included in this study and received 250 ml of mannitol 20% intravenous infusion for 5 days + Vitamins B (vitamin B1 10 mg + vitamin B2 10 mg + vitamin B12 50 μg PO) for 6 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed systematically by clinical tests (tenderness, FAIR test, Beatty's, Freiberg's and Pace's maneuver), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Likert Analogue Scale (LAS), and MR examination. RESULTS The clinical evaluations showed a significant reduction (p< 0.05) of tenderness, FAIR test, Beatty's maneuver, Freiberg's maneuver and Pace's maneuver when compared with baseline evaluation during the 3rd and 6th month follow-ups. A statistically significant improvement of pain was measured by NRS at resting (p< 0.001), at night (p< 0.001) and during activities (p< 0.001) and LAS with prolonged sitting (p< 0.001), standing (p< 0.001) and lying (p< 0.001). Concomitantly, swelling of SN revealed a significant reduction (p= 0.003) from 86.4% to 18.2%. CONCLUSIONS Mannitol plus Vitamins B is effective in the management of piriformis syndrome and it could be an alternative regime in treating PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fa Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Quan Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Sabil Dilshad
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Sheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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194
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Nardone R, Versace V, Sebastianelli L, Brigo F, Christova M, Scarano GI, Saltuari L, Trinka E, Hauer L, Sellner J. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in subjects with phantom pain and non-painful phantom sensations: A systematic review. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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195
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de Oliveira LAS, Pedron CA, de Andrade FG, Horsczaruk CHR, Martins JVP. Motor recovery after bilateral brachial plexus injury using motor irradiation: a case report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2019. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2017.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Brachial plexus injuries impair functionality, interfere with the performance of activities and affect participation in social events, thus decreasing an individual's quality of life. In cases where there is a total loss of muscular strength, complete rehabilitation is challenging. Motor irradiation is a basic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation procedure that is used to activate weak muscles. It is a promising procedure for rehabilitation following brachial plexus injuries, mainly in those with total loss of muscle strength. Methods The patient in this case study had suffered bilateral brachial plexus injuries as a result of mechanical restraint during a psychiatric episode. He presented with decreased muscle strength in the proximal segments of the upper limbs, no movement of the wrists and fingers, tactile hypoesthesia and no pain sensation. Motor irradiation was the main intervention used to improve motor function. Findings At the end of treatment, complete and partial recovery of muscle strength was observed in the proximal and distal segments, respectively. Conclusions The efficacy of motor irradiation in improving muscle strength following brachial plexus injuries should be investigated in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alice Santos de Oliveira
- Professor of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Rehabilitation Sciences Programme, Augusto Motta University Center and Physiotherapy Course, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Andressa Pedron
- Master's student, Postgraduate Rehabilitation Sciences Programme, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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196
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Singh M, Pawar M. Mirror therapy for improving motor functions in patients with leprosy with grade 2 disabilities. Neurol Clin Pract 2019; 9:118-123. [DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundMirror therapy has been used to treat phantom limb pain and to improve motor function after stroke. We evaluated the efficacy of mirror therapy in patients with leprosy with paresis.MethodsTwenty-four patients with leprosy who presented with unilateral grade 2 disabilities were recruited from July 2016 to November 2016 and randomly assigned. Group A, the mirror group, participated in the mirror therapy, and group B, the control group, were treated with a sham therapy. After the interventions, the paretic muscle/limb function, hand coordination abilities, walking, and abilities to perform activities of daily living were reevaluated with the voluntary muscle testing (VMT) at weeks 3, 6, and 12.ResultsIn group A, there was an increase in the VMT score from baseline with a median of 2 (interquartile range 0–6) to 3 (2–5) at 3 weeks after initiation of VMT with a further increase to 5 (4–7) at 6 weeks and to 5 (4–8) at 12 weeks, which remained elevated at a median of 6 (5–8) even after 4 weeks after intervention. By contrast, the control group showed the following trend in response to the sham therapy: 2 (1–3) at baseline, 2 (2–4) at 3 weeks after intervention, 3 (3–6) at 6 weeks, 4.25 (3–5) at 12 weeks, and 4 (4–7) at 16 weeks. In group A, VMT scores increased from baseline by 26.9% (p < 0.001), 18.02% (p < 0.001), and 15.46% (p < 0.001) at 3, 6, and 12 weeks, respectively, compared with group B in which VMT scores increased from baseline by 17.13% (p < 0.001), 11.02% (p < 0.001), and 3.93% (p > 0.05) at 3, 6, and 12 weeks, respectively. The muscle strength in mirror group participants improved markedly compared with the control group (post hoc Bonferroni p = 0.027).ConclusionMirror therapy is a safe and cost-effective approach in the treatment of paretic limbs of patients with leprosy.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class IV evidence that mirror therapy improves muscle strength in patients with leprosy associated with paresis.
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197
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Contralateral Botulinum Toxin Improved Functional Recovery after Tibial Nerve Repair in Rats. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 142:1511-1519. [PMID: 30188467 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is clinical and experimental evidence that botulinum toxin applied to the healthy side of patients with facial paralysis positively affects functional recovery of the paralyzed side. The authors created an experimental model to study the effects of botulinum toxin injection in the gastrocnemius muscle contralateral to the side of tibial nerve lesion/repair in rats. METHODS Fifty rats were allocated into five groups: group I, control; group II, tibial nerve section; group III, tibial nerve section and immediate neurorrhaphy; group IV, tibial nerve section, immediate neurorrhaphy, and botulinum toxin injected into the contralateral gastrocnemius muscle; and group V, botulinum toxin injected into the gastrocnemius muscle and no surgery. Assessment tools included a walking track, electromyography, gastrocnemius muscle weight measurement, and histologic analysis of the nerve. RESULTS Paralysis in group V was transient, with function returning to normal at 8 weeks. At 12 weeks, group V had lower latency levels. At week 12, group IV showed higher functional outcomes and amplitude levels than group III, and lower muscle atrophy on the side injected with botulinum toxin compared with group V. CONCLUSION Transient paralysis of the contralateral gastrocnemius muscle by botulinum toxin type A improved functional recovery in rats that underwent section and repair of the tibial nerve.
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Spinal Motor Circuit Synaptic Plasticity after Peripheral Nerve Injury Depends on Microglia Activation and a CCR2 Mechanism. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3412-3433. [PMID: 30833511 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2945-17.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury results in persistent motor deficits, even after the nerve regenerates and muscles are reinnervated. This lack of functional recovery is partly explained by brain and spinal cord circuit alterations triggered by the injury, but the mechanisms are generally unknown. One example of this plasticity is the die-back in the spinal cord ventral horn of the projections of proprioceptive axons mediating the stretch reflex (Ia afferents). Consequently, Ia information about muscle length and dynamics is lost from ventral spinal circuits, degrading motor performance after nerve regeneration. Simultaneously, there is activation of microglia around the central projections of peripherally injured Ia afferents, suggesting a possible causal relationship between neuroinflammation and Ia axon removal. Therefore, we used mice (both sexes) that allow visualization of microglia (CX3CR1-GFP) and infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells (CCR2-RFP) and related changes in these cells to Ia synaptic losses (identified by VGLUT1 content) on retrogradely labeled motoneurons. Microgliosis around axotomized motoneurons starts and peaks within 2 weeks after nerve transection. Thereafter, this region becomes infiltrated by CCR2 cells, and VGLUT1 synapses are lost in parallel. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and genetic lineage tracing showed that infiltrating CCR2 cells include T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes, the latter differentiating into tissue macrophages. VGLUT1 synapses were rescued after attenuating the ventral microglial reaction by removal of colony stimulating factor 1 from motoneurons or in CCR2 global KOs. Thus, both activation of ventral microglia and a CCR2-dependent mechanism are necessary for removal of VGLUT1 synapses and alterations in Ia-circuit function following nerve injuries.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic plasticity and reorganization of essential motor circuits after a peripheral nerve injury can result in permanent motor deficits due to the removal of sensory Ia afferent synapses from the spinal cord ventral horn. Our data link this major circuit change with the neuroinflammatory reaction that occurs inside the spinal cord following injury to peripheral nerves. We describe that both activation of microglia and recruitment into the spinal cord of blood-derived myeloid cells are necessary for motor circuit synaptic plasticity. This study sheds new light into mechanisms that trigger major network plasticity in CNS regions removed from injury sites and that might prevent full recovery of function, even after successful regeneration.
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Shin JE, Ha H, Kim YK, Cho Y, DiAntonio A. DLK regulates a distinctive transcriptional regeneration program after peripheral nerve injury. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:178-192. [PMID: 30735704 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following damage to a peripheral nerve, injury signaling pathways converge in the cell body to generate transcriptional changes that support axon regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), a central regulator of injury responses including axon regeneration and neuronal apoptosis, is required for the induction of the pro-regenerative transcriptional program in response to peripheral nerve injury. Using a sensory neuron-conditional DLK knockout mouse model, we show a time course for the dependency of gene expression changes on the DLK pathway after sciatic nerve injury. Gene ontology analysis reveals that DLK-dependent gene sets are enriched for specific functional annotations such as ion transport and immune response. A series of comparative analyses shows that the DLK-dependent transcriptional program is distinct from that promoted by the importin-dependent retrograde signaling pathway, while it is partially shared between PNS and CNS injury responses. We suggest that DLK-dependency might provide a selective filter for regeneration-associated genes among the injury-responsive transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Ha
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Yu Z, Xu N, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Wang Z, Liang S, Zhao D, Huang F, Zhang C. Repair of Peripheral Nerve Sensory Impairments via the Transplantation of Bone Marrow Neural Tissue-Committed Stem Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:341-353. [PMID: 30684112 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transplantation of bone marrow neural tissue-committed stem cell-derived sensory neuron-like cells for the repair of peripheral nerve sensory impairments in rats. Bone marrow was isolated and cultured to obtain the neural tissue-committed stem cells (NTCSCs), and the differentiation of these cells into sensory neuron-like cells was induced. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), bone marrow NTCSCs, and bone marrow NTCSC-derived sensory neurons (NTCSC-SNs) were transplanted by microinjection into the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) in an animal model of sensory defect. On the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th week after the transplantation, the effects of the three types of stem cells on the repair of the sensory functional defect were analyzed via behavioral observation, sensory function evaluation, electrophysiological examination of the sciatic nerve, and morphological observation of the DRGs. The results revealed that the transplanted BMSCs, NTCSCs, and NTCSC-SNs were all able to repair the sensory nerves. In addition, the effect of the NTCSC-SNs was significantly better than that of the other two types of stem cells. The general posture and gait of the animals in the sensory defect model exhibited evident improvement over time. Plantar temperature sensitivity and pain sensitivity gradually recovered, and the sensation latency was reduced, with faster sensory nerve conduction velocity. Transplantation of NTCSC-SNs can improve the repair of peripheral nerve sensory defects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, People's Republic of China
| | - Naili Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Liang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuansen Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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