151
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Cattaneo P, Mukherjee D, Spinozzi S, Zhang L, Larcher V, Stallcup WB, Kataoka H, Chen J, Dimmeler S, Evans SM, Guimarães-Camboa N. Parallel Lineage-Tracing Studies Establish Fibroblasts as the Prevailing In Vivo Adipocyte Progenitor. Cell Rep 2020; 30:571-582.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Haider N, Boscá L, Zandbergen HR, Kovacic JC, Narula N, González-Ramos S, Fernandez-Velasco M, Agrawal S, Paz-García M, Gupta S, DeLeon-Pennell K, Fuster V, Ibañez B, Narula J. Transition of Macrophages to Fibroblast-Like Cells in Healing Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:3124-3135. [PMID: 31856969 PMCID: PMC7425814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages and fibroblasts are 2 major cell types involved in healing after myocardial infarction (MI), contributing to myocardial remodeling and fibrosis. Post-MI fibrosis progression is characterized by a decrease in cardiac macrophage content. OBJECTIVES This study explores the potential of macrophages to express fibroblast genes and the direct role of these cells in post-MI cardiac fibrosis. METHODS Prolonged in vitro culture of human macrophages was used to evaluate the capacity to express fibroblast markers. Infiltrating cardiac macrophages was tracked in vivo after experimental MI of LysM(Cre/+);ROSA26(EYFP/+) transgenic mice. The expression of Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP) in these animals is restricted to myeloid lineage allowing the identification of macrophage-derived fibroblasts. The expression in YFP-positive cells of fibroblast markers was determined in myocardial tissue sections of hearts from these mice after MI. RESULTS Expression of the fibroblast markers type I collagen, prolyl-4-hydroxylase, fibroblast specific protein-1, and fibroblast activation protein was evidenced in YFP-positive cells in the heart after MI. The presence of fibroblasts after MI was evaluated in the hearts of animals after depletion of macrophages with clodronate liposomes. This macrophage depletion significantly reduced the number of Mac3+Col1A1+ cells in the heart after MI. CONCLUSIONS The data provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence for the ability of macrophages to transition and adopt a fibroblast-like phenotype. Therapeutic manipulation of this macrophage-fibroblast transition may hold promise for favorably modulating the fibrotic response after MI and after other cardiovascular pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezam Haider
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
| | - H Reinier Zandbergen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernandez-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica LaPaz, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Marta Paz-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Kristine DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain. https://twitter.com/Borjaibanez1
| | - Jagat Narula
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Lei X, Wu H, Song Y, Liu B, Zhang SS, Li JQ, Bi L, Pei GX. Effects of cyclic fluid stress at different frequencies on behaviors of cells incubated on titanium alloy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:100-106. [PMID: 31740003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The orthopedic external fixation is always in dynamic mechanical environment with the somatic movement. We used a self-designed mini oscillator to simulate this condition by providing the reciprocating cyclic fluid stress, and observed the behavioral responses of fibroblasts implanted on titanium alloy plane to the stress at different frequencies, including 0.2 Hz, 0.6 Hz, and 1.0 Hz. We found that the cell angle, shape index and expression of vinculin were mostly biphasic-dependent with the increase of frequency, with peaks at 0.6 Hz. Whereas the cell area, expression of Col-I and α-SMA were mainly affected by the 1.0 Hz stress. Interestingly, 1.0 Hz stress also promoted Col-I expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), although it did not increase α-SMA. These results reveal that 0.6 Hz stress improves the alignment, polarity and adherence of fibroblasts on titanium alloy substrates, thus improving the sealing of implants; the 1.0 Hz force activates the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and increases collagen produced by stem cells, which probably cause the formation of fibrous capsules around implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun-Qin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Long Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Guo-Xian Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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155
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Simultaneous two-layer harvesting of scalp split-thickness skin and dermal grafts for acute burns and postburn scar deformities. Arch Plast Surg 2019; 46:558-565. [PMID: 31775209 PMCID: PMC6882688 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2018.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scalp, an excellent donor site for thin skin grafts, presents a limited surface but is rich in stem cells. The purpose of this study was to test a double harvesting procedure from the scalp and to evaluate the capacity of the dermal layer. METHODS Two layers corresponding to a split-thickness skin graft (SSG) and a split-thickness dermal graft (SDG) were harvested from the scalp using a Zimmer dermatome during the same procedure. Healing of the scalp donor site, reason for recipient site grafting, and the percentage of graft loss were evaluated. RESULTS Fourteen patients, comprising six men and eight women with a mean age of 34.2 years, were treated according to our protocol. The most common reason for a recipient site graft was a postburn scar deformity (10/14 patients). The mean area of scalp SSGs was 151.8 cm2. The mean area of scalp SDGs was 88.2 cm2. The mean healing time of scalp donors was 9.9 days. The only donor complication was a tufted scar deformity. CONCLUSIONS Skin defects in the scalp of donors healed faster and led to less scarring than defects at other donor sites. Scalp SDGs needed 10 days for adequate epithelization. The scalp was the best donor site for SSGs and SDGs for burn reconstructive patients.
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156
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Nam GH, Jo KJ, Park YS, Kawk HW, Yoo JG, Jang JD, Kang SM, Kim SY, Kim YM. The peptide AC 2 isolated from Bacillus-treated Trapa japonica fruit extract rescues DHT (dihydrotestosterone)-treated human dermal papilla cells and mediates mTORC1 signaling for autophagy and apoptosis suppression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16903. [PMID: 31729428 PMCID: PMC6858360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trapa japonica fruit is a natural plant growing in ponds with its roots in the mud. It has long been used as a home remedy for many diseases; however, a major problem with this kind of natural extract is the multicomponents-multitargets for diseases. Such problems make it difficult to identify the mechanism of action. Another problem is quality control and consistency. The aim of this research was to isolate a single bioactive compound (peptide) derived from the Trapa japonica fruit. The research was conducted with various experimental techniques, such as fermentation and liquid chromatography, to isolate a peptide. We isolated the AC 2 peptide from Trapa japonica fruit and found it to be promising on human dermal papilla cells. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stresses human dermal papilla cells and is a major cause of hair loss resulting from hormones and environmental factors. The purpose of this research was to develop an understanding of the mechanism by which the AC 2 peptide rescues dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated human dermal papilla cells. We explored the effects of the AC 2 peptide on the cell biological functions of human dermal papilla cells (HDPs). HDPs were treated with the AC 2 peptide and DHT. Then, a cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and 3D cell culture for immunohistochemistry were conducted to investigate the mTORC1 pathway and suppression of autophagy and apoptosis. In addition, we also synthesized the AC2 peptide as an alternative to the expensive and difficult isolation and purification procedures and confirmed its potential in biomedical applications. We also validated the effects of the synthetic AC2 peptide as well as the isolated and purified AC2 peptide and established their similarity. Although extensive research has been carried out on natural extracts, few single studies have isolated and separated a bioactive peptide (single compound).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun He Nam
- Department of Biological science and Biotechnology, College of Life science and Nano technology, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jo Jo
- Department of Biological science and Biotechnology, College of Life science and Nano technology, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Park
- Department of Biological science and Biotechnology, College of Life science and Nano technology, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Kawk
- Department of Biological science and Biotechnology, College of Life science and Nano technology, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Je-Geun Yoo
- Department of Biological science and Biotechnology, College of Life science and Nano technology, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Jin Dong Jang
- Doori Cosmetics Co.,Ltd., 11F Galaxy Tower, 175, Saimdang-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Moon Kang
- ANPEP INC. 13, Oksansandan 1-ro, Oksan-myeon, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science & Bio Technology, Shinansan University, Daehakro Danwon-gu, Ansan-city, Gyenggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Biological science and Biotechnology, College of Life science and Nano technology, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea.
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157
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Manetti M, Matucci-Cerinic M. In search for the ideal anatomical composition of vascularised human skin equivalents for systemic sclerosis translational research: should we recruit the telocytes? Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 80:e149. [PMID: 31582376 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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158
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Kong F, Fan C, Yang Y, Lee BH, Wei K. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural-embedded poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate hybrid hydrogels accelerate wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:933-949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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159
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Chen Z, Wang Z, Jin T, Shen G, Wang Y, Tan X, Gan Y, Yang F, Liu Y, Huang C, Zhang Y, Fu X, Shi C. Fibrogenic fibroblast-selective near-infrared phototherapy to control scarring. Theranostics 2019; 9:6797-6808. [PMID: 31660069 PMCID: PMC6815952 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Fibroblasts, the predominant cell type responsible for tissue fibrosis, are heterogeneous, and the targeting of unique fibrogenic population of fibroblasts is highly expected. Very recently, elevated glycolysis is demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the determination of fibrogenic phenotype of fibroblasts. However, it is lack of specific strategies for targeting and elimination of such fibrogenic populations. In this study, a novel strategy to use the a near-infrared (NIR) dye IR-780 for the targeting and elimination of a fibrogenic population of glycolytic fibroblasts to control the cutaneous scarring is developed. Methods: The identification and cell properties test of fibrogenic fibroblasts with IR-780 were conducted by using fluorescence activated cell sorting, transplantation experiments, in vivo imaging, RNA sequencing in human cell experiments and mouse and rat wound models. The uptake of IR-780 in fibroblasts mediated by HIF-1α/SLCO2A1 and the metabolic properties of IR-780H fibroblasts were investigated using RNA interference or signaling inhibitors. The fibrogenic fibroblast-selective near-infrared phototherapy of IR-780 were evaluated in human cell experiments and mouse wound models. Results: IR-780 is demonstrated to recognize a unique glycolytic fibroblast lineage, which is responsible for the bulk of connective tissue deposition during cutaneous wound healing and cancer stroma formation. Further results identified that SLCO2A1 is involved in the preferential uptake of IR-780 in fibrogenic fibroblasts, which is regulated by HIF-1α. Moreover, with intrinsic dual phototherapeutic activities, IR-780 significantly diminishes cutaneous scarring through the targeted ablation of the fibrogenic population by photothermal and photodynamic effects. Conclusion: This work provides a unique strategy for the targeted control of tissue scarring by fibrogenic fibroblast-selective near-infrared phototherapy. It is proposed that IR-780 based theranostic methodology holds promise for translational medicine aimed at regulation of fibrogenic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Taotao Jin
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gufang Shen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chunji Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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160
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Phenotypic Plasticity of Fibroblasts during Mammary Carcinoma Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184438. [PMID: 31505876 PMCID: PMC6769951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment contribute to all stages of tumorigenesis and are usually considered to be tumor-promoting cells. CAFs show a remarkable degree of heterogeneity, which is attributed to developmental origin or to local environmental niches, resulting in distinct CAF subsets within individual tumors. While CAF heterogeneity is frequently investigated in late-stage tumors, data on longitudinal CAF development in tumors are lacking. To this end, we used the transgenic polyoma middle T oncogene-induced mouse mammary carcinoma model and performed whole transcriptome analysis in FACS-sorted fibroblasts from early- and late-stage tumors. We observed a shift in fibroblast populations over time towards a subset previously shown to negatively correlate with patient survival, which was confirmed by multispectral immunofluorescence analysis. Moreover, we identified a transcriptomic signature distinguishing CAFs from early- and late-stage tumors. Importantly, the signature of early-stage CAFs correlated well with tumor stage and survival in human mammary carcinoma patients. A random forest analysis suggested predictive value of the complete set of differentially expressed genes between early- and late-stage CAFs on bulk tumor patient samples, supporting the clinical relevance of our findings. In conclusion, our data show transcriptome alterations in CAFs during tumorigenesis in the mammary gland, which suggest that CAFs are educated by the tumor over time to promote tumor development. Moreover, we show that murine CAF gene signatures can harbor predictive value for human cancer.
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161
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Bajouri A, Orouji Z, Taghiabadi E, Nazari A, Shahbazi A, Fallah N, Mohammadi P, Rezvani M, Jouyandeh Z, Vaezirad F, Khalajasadi Z, Ghasemi M, Fanni A, Haji Hosseinali S, Alizadeh A, Baharvand H, Shafieyan S, Aghdami N. Long-Term Follow-up of Autologous Fibroblast Transplantation for Facial Contour Deformities, A Non-Randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:75-84. [PMID: 31606970 PMCID: PMC6791067 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recently, the promising potential of fibroblast transplantation has become a novel modality for skin
rejuvenation. We investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of autologous fibroblast transplantation for participants
with mild to severe facial contour deformities.
Materials and Methods In this open-label, single-arm phase IIa clinical trial, a total of 57 participants with wrinkles
(n=37, 132 treatment sites) or acne scars (n=20, 36 treatment sites) who had an evaluator’s assessment score of
at least 2 out 7 (based on a standard photo-guide scoring) received 3 injections of autologous cultured fibroblasts
administered at 4-6 week intervals. Efficacy evaluations were performed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months after the final
injection based on evaluator and patient’s assessment scores.
Results Our study showed a mean improvement of 2 scores in the wrinkle and acne scar treatment sites. At sixth
months after transplantation, 90.1% of the wrinkle sites and 86.1% of the acne scar sites showed at least a one grade
improvement on evaluator assessments. We also observed at least a 2-grade improvement in 56.1% of the wrinkle
sites and 63.9% of the acne scar sites. A total of 70.5% of wrinkle sites and 72.2% of acne scar sites were scored as
good or excellent on patient assessments. The efficacy outcomes remained stable up to 24-month. We did not observe
any serious adverse events during the study.
Conclusion These results have shown that autologous fibroblast transplantation could be a promising remodeling
modality with long-term corrective ability and minimal adverse events (Registration Number: NCT01115634).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bajouri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Orouji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoreza Nazari
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Shahbazi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Fallah
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezvani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jouyandeh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vaezirad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khalajasadi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Ghasemi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aslan Fanni
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Haji Hosseinali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Alizadeh
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shafieyan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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162
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Yang Z, Ma S, Cao R, Liu L, Cao C, Shen Z, Fu X, Yan L, Wang Q, Liu X, Xiao R. CD49f high Defines a Distinct Skin Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population Capable of Hair Follicle Epithelial Cell Maintenance. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:544-555.e9. [PMID: 31494092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dermis harbors distinct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations, which play equally important roles as epidermal stem cells in skin homeostasis and regeneration. However, to reliably identify and directly isolate the in vivo counterpart of these cells is still challenging. Using the epidermal stem cell marker CD49f, we defined a CD49fhigh distinct mesenchymal subpopulation in the dermis. In vitro and in vivo differentiation assays, and transcriptome analysis demonstrated that CD49fhigh cells possess neural crest-like cell characteristics. Our results showed that the formation of hair follicle-like budding structure and the expressions of key genes regulating hair follicle development were induced when hair follicle epithelial cells were co-cultured with CD49fhigh cells. We also found that CD49fhigh cells activated Notch signaling in co-cultured hair follicle epithelial cells, whereas the inhibition of Notch signaling resulted in epidermal cyst-like spheres and loss of maintenance of hair follicle epithelial cell characteristics. Furthermore, we identified Itga7 and CD49f as an efficient biomarker panel for direct selection of CD49fhigh skin MSCs. Our results lead to a deeper understanding of heterogeneity and the function of MSCs in the skin and may facilitate potential translational applications of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shize Ma
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Cao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Shen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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163
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Hu MS, Moore AL, Longaker MT. A Fibroblast Is Not a Fibroblast Is Not a Fibroblast. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 138:729-730. [PMID: 29579454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis after injury is a huge public health concern, leading to morbidity, mortality, and expenditure of billions of health care dollars. Recent mouse studies have shown that dermal fibroblasts are heterogeneous. New research using single-cell RNA sequencing to identify major fibroblast populations in humans is paving the way to a better understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alessandra L Moore
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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164
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Christy BA, Herzig MC, Delavan C, Cantu C, Salgado C, Bynum JA, Cap AP. Human primary fibroblasts perform similarly to MSCs in assays used to evaluate MSC safety and potency. Transfusion 2019; 59:1593-1600. [PMID: 30980752 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular therapeutic agents may benefit trauma patients by modulating the immune response to injury, and by reducing inflammation and vascular leakage. Administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) shows some benefit in preclinical and clinical trials, but less testing has been performed with other cell types. Human primary fibroblasts (FBs) were compared to MSCs in assays designed to evaluate MSCs to determine if these assays actually evaluate properties unique to MSCs or whether related cell types perform similarly. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS MSC-related surface marker expression, tissue factor, and human leukocyte antigen-D related were evaluated by flow cytometry, and in vitro adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential were determined. Procoagulant activity was determined by thromboelastography. Two potency assays correlated with immunomodulation potential were utilized: the mixed lymphocyte reaction and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme activity assays. RESULTS Human primary FBs performed similarly to MSCs in assays designed to evaluate MSC characteristics and potency. Although similar for MSC-positive cell surface marker expression, FBs did not show robust adipose differentiation and expressed some level of markers not expected on MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Human primary FBs are very similar to human MSCs, at least in assays currently used to evaluate MSC potency. Preclinical and clinical testing are required to determine if FBs show similar activity to MSCs in vivo. If FBs show inferior activity in vivo, development of new MSC-specific potency assays will be necessary to evaluate properties relevant to their unique clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Christy
- Coagulation & Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Maryanne C Herzig
- Coagulation & Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher Delavan
- Coagulation & Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Carolina Cantu
- Coagulation & Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Christi Salgado
- Coagulation & Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - James A Bynum
- Coagulation & Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas.,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.,Joint Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Program, UT San Antonio & UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew P Cap
- Coagulation & Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas.,Department of Surgery, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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165
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Zuo Y, Wei J, Chen H. Utilizing Human Dermal Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Autologous Dermal Fibroblast Therapy: An Overcomplicated Strategy or a Promising Approach? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2126-2131. [PMID: 31433908 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity has been acknowledged for several decades and a large body of in vitro studies has been performed with zonal dermal fibroblast, current autologous dermal fibroblast therapies do not reflect human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity. To determine if the utilization of human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity in autologous dermal fibroblast therapy is more of a translational perspective that may thus be more likely to make it to the clinic, this article critically reviews the previous studies on dermal fibroblast heterogeneity performed to date. We found that in vitro studies of human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity have run nearly parallel to the in vivo study of autologous dermal fibroblast therapy. Although several human to nude mice xenotransplantation experiments have been performed in different layers of human dermal fibroblast, their clinical significance remains to be considered. We conclude that there is still a great gap between basic experiments and the clinical employment of human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity. To overcome this, it is necessary to conduct clinical trials, which might be restricted by ethical issues. Alternatively, it might be easier to conduct in vivo studies in animal models. Based on our previous study of dermal fibroblast heterogeneity in pigs, we propose the use of pigs as a good animal model for dermal fibroblast heterogeneity. Time will show whether the utilization of human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity in autologous dermal fibroblast therapy is an overcomplicated strategy or a promising approach. Anat Rec, 302:2126-2131, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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166
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Waise S, Parker R, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Layfield DM, Wood O, West J, Ottensmeier CH, Thomas GJ, Hanley CJ. An optimised tissue disaggregation and data processing pipeline for characterising fibroblast phenotypes using single-cell RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9580. [PMID: 31270426 PMCID: PMC6610623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) provides a valuable platform for characterising multicellular ecosystems. Fibroblasts are a heterogeneous cell type involved in many physiological and pathological processes, but remain poorly-characterised. Analysis of fibroblasts is challenging: these cells are difficult to isolate from tissues, and are therefore commonly under-represented in scRNA-seq datasets. Here, we describe an optimised approach for fibroblast isolation from human lung tissues. We demonstrate the potential for this procedure in characterising stromal cell phenotypes using scRNA-Seq, analyse the effect of tissue disaggregation on gene expression, and optimise data processing to improve clustering quality. We also assess the impact of in vitro culture conditions on stromal cell gene expression and proliferation, showing that altering these conditions can skew phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Waise
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rachel Parker
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David M Layfield
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Oliver Wood
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan West
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Research UK and NIHR Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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167
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Regeneration of Dermis: Scarring and Cells Involved. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060607. [PMID: 31216669 PMCID: PMC6627856 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many studies on certain skin cell specifications and their contribution to wound healing. In this review, we provide an overview of dermal cell heterogeneity and their participation in skin repair, scar formation, and in the composition of skin substitutes. The papillary, reticular, and hair follicle associated fibroblasts differ not only topographically, but also functionally. Human skin has a number of particular characteristics that are different from murine skin. This should be taken into account in experimental procedures. Dermal cells react differently to skin wounding, remodel the extracellular matrix in their own manner, and convert to myofibroblasts to different extents. Recent studies indicate a special role of papillary fibroblasts in the favorable outcome of wound healing and epithelial-mesenchyme interactions. Neofolliculogenesis can substantially reduce scarring. The role of hair follicle mesenchyme cells in skin repair and possible therapeutic applications is discussed. Participation of dermal cell types in wound healing is described, with the addition of possible mechanisms underlying different outcomes in embryonic and adult tissues in the context of cell population characteristics and extracellular matrix composition and properties. Dermal white adipose tissue involvement in wound healing is also overviewed. Characteristics of myofibroblasts and their activity in scar formation is extensively discussed. Cellular mechanisms of scarring and possible ways for its prevention are highlighted. Data on keloid cells are provided with emphasis on their specific characteristics. We also discuss the contribution of tissue tension to the scar formation as well as the criteria and effectiveness of skin substitutes in skin reconstruction. Special attention is given to the properties of skin substitutes in terms of cell composition and the ability to prevent scarring.
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168
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Zemke NR, Gou D, Berk AJ. Dedifferentiation by adenovirus E1A due to inactivation of Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ. Genes Dev 2019; 33:828-843. [PMID: 31171701 PMCID: PMC6601516 DOI: 10.1101/gad.324814.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Zemke et al. show that E1A inactivates the Hippo pathway-regulated TEAD coactivators YAP and TAZ by causing their sequestration in the cytoplasm. Their findings suggest that YAP/TAZ function in a developmental checkpoint controlled by signaling from the actin cytoskeleton that prevents differentiation of a progenitor cell until it is in the correct cellular and tissue environment. Adenovirus transformed cells have a dedifferentiated phenotype. Eliminating E1A in transformed human embryonic kidney cells derepressed ∼2600 genes, generating a gene expression profile closely resembling mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This was associated with a dramatic change in cell morphology from one with scant cytoplasm and a globular nucleus to one with increased cytoplasm, extensive actin stress fibers, and actomyosin-dependent flattening against the substratum. E1A-induced hypoacetylation at histone H3 Lys27 and Lys18 (H3K27/18) was reversed. Most of the increase in H3K27/18ac was in enhancers near TEAD transcription factors bound by Hippo signaling-regulated coactivators YAP and TAZ. E1A causes YAP/TAZ cytoplasmic sequestration. After eliminating E1A, YAP/TAZ were transported into nuclei, where they associated with poised enhancers with DNA-bound TEAD4 and H3K4me1. This activation of YAP/TAZ required RHO family GTPase signaling and caused histone acetylation by p300/CBP, chromatin remodeling, and cohesin loading to establish MSC-associated enhancers and then superenhancers. Consistent results were also observed in primary rat embryo kidney cells, human fibroblasts, and human respiratory tract epithelial cells. These results together with earlier studies suggest that YAP/TAZ function in a developmental checkpoint controlled by signaling from the actin cytoskeleton that prevents differentiation of a progenitor cell until it is in the correct cellular and tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Zemke
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Dawei Gou
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Arnold J Berk
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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169
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Karppinen SM, Heljasvaara R, Gullberg D, Tasanen K, Pihlajaniemi T. Toward understanding scarless skin wound healing and pathological scarring. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31231509 PMCID: PMC6556993 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18293.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient healing of skin wounds is crucial for securing the vital barrier function of the skin, but pathological wound healing and scar formation are major medical problems causing both physiological and psychological challenges for patients. A number of tightly coordinated regenerative responses, including haemostasis, the migration of various cell types into the wound, inflammation, angiogenesis, and the formation of the extracellular matrix, are involved in the healing process. In this article, we summarise the central mechanisms and processes in excessive scarring and acute wound healing, which can lead to the formation of keloids or hypertrophic scars, the two types of fibrotic scars caused by burns or other traumas resulting in significant functional or aesthetic disadvantages. In addition, we discuss recent developments related to the functions of activated fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix and mechanical forces in the wound environment as well as the mechanisms of scarless wound healing. Understanding the different mechanisms of wound healing is pivotal for developing new therapies to prevent the fibrotic scarring of large skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna-Maria Karppinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaisa Tasanen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Department of Dermatology, University of Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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170
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Nagalingam RS, Al-Hattab DS, Czubryt MP. What’s in a name? On fibroblast phenotype and nomenclature. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:493-497. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts have long been recognized as important stromal cells, playing key roles in synthesizing and maintaining the extracellular matrix, but historically were treated as a relatively uniform cell type. Studies in recent years have revealed a surprising level of heterogeneity of fibroblasts across tissues, and even within organs such as the skin and heart. This heterogeneity may have functional consequences, including during stress and disease. While the field has moved forward quickly to begin to address the scientific import of this heterogeneity, the descriptive language used for these cells has not kept pace, particularly when considering the phenotype changes that occur as fibroblasts convert to myofibroblasts in response to injury. We discuss here the nature and sources of the heterogeneity of fibroblasts, and review how our understanding of the complexity of the fibroblast to myofibroblast phenotype conversion has changed with increasing scrutiny. We propose that the time is opportune to reevaluate how we name and describe these cells, particularly as they transition to myofibroblasts through discrete stages. A standardized nomenclature is essential to address the confusion that currently exists in the literature as to the usage of terms like myofibroblast and the description of fibroblast phenotype changes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S. Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Danah S. Al-Hattab
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Michael P. Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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171
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Elwakeel E, Brüne B, Weigert A. PGE 2 in fibrosis and cancer: Insights into fibroblast activation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106339. [PMID: 31100473 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the essential cellular architects of connective tissue and as such are crucial cells in contributing to organ homeostasis. While fulfilling important repair functions during tissue regeneration upon wounding, chronic fibroblast activation provokes pathological organ fibrosis and promotes neoplastic disease progression. Identifying targets that may serve to therapeutically terminate fibroblast activation is therefore desirable. Among the mediators that may be relevant in this context is the prostanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that is produced during inflammatory settings, where pathological fibrosis occurs. Here, we summarize current, in part controversial, concepts on the impact of PGE2 on fibroblast activation in fibrotic diseases including cancer, and discuss these findings in the context of the evolving concept of fibroblast heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Elwakeel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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172
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Ho C, Zhang G, Li Q. Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 15 Maintains Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway Activity by Deubiquitinating Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor I during Wound Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1351-1362. [PMID: 30980801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a process of cutaneous barrier reconstruction that occurs after skin injury and involves diverse cytokines and cell types. Similar to several deubiquitinating enzymes, ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) can remove ubiquitin chains from specific proteins to rescue them from degradation. However, the regulatory role of USP15 in wound healing remains unclear. We investigated the dynamic function of USP15 in wound healing. First, in USP15 knockout mice, we observed a significant delay in wound closure. In addition, inhibition of cell proliferation and migration was observed in USP15-silenced human dermal fibroblasts. Through RNA sequencing, it was revealed that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway was suppressed after USP15 knockdown. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated that USP15 could interact with TGF-β receptor I and promote its deubiquitination, thereby maintaining TGF-β signaling pathway activity by enhancing TGF-β receptor I stability. These observations shed light on the function and mechanisms of USP15-mediated modulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway during wound healing, thus providing a novel potential target for the treatment of refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiakang Ho
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyou Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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173
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Expression of Potential Dermal Progenitor Cell Markers in the Tumour and Stroma of Skin Adnexal Malignant and Benign Tumours. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9320701. [PMID: 31065284 PMCID: PMC6466859 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9320701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are multipotent cells that maintain the skin epidermis including skin appendages such as hair follicle, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. There is evidence that reciprocal signalling between the epidermis and the dermis plays an important role in skin development, homeostasis, wound repair, and skin cancer. The origin of skin cancer that derive from skin appendages is still controversial, including basal cell carcinoma and even more of rare tumours such as sebaceous carcinomas and whether those tumours originate from resident tissue stem cells. To investigate whether markers reported to label dermal progenitor cells are preserved in the tumour including the tumour stroma of skin adnexal tumours, we tested 45 human basal cell carcinomas, including superficial, nodular, adenoid, infiltrating, and sclerosing types, and further 38 human tumours of skin appendages including 13 sebaceous adenomas and carcinomas, 20 eccrine sweat gland tumours, and 5 pilomatricomas, syringomas, and hair follicle tumours for the expression of the potential dermal and epidermal cell markers CRABP1, Nestin, and Ephrin B2 and compared these findings with healthy, age-related human epidermis. We detected that CRABP1, Nestin, and Ephrin B2 are expressed in the intratumoural stroma as well as the tumour invasive front of skin tumours of appendages and BCCs.
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174
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Identification of novel fibroblast-like cells from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3959-3966. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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175
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"Prostate telocytes change their phenotype in response to castration or testosterone replacement". Sci Rep 2019; 9:3761. [PMID: 30842587 PMCID: PMC6403354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes are CD34-positive cells with a fusiform cell body and long, thin cytoplasmic projections called telopodes. These cells were detected in the stroma of various organs, including the prostate. The prostate is a complex gland capable of undergoing involution due to low testosterone levels; and this condition can be reversed with testosterone replacement. Telocyte function in the mature prostate remains to be dermined, and it is not known whether telocytes can take place in tissue remodeling during prostate involution and regrowth. The present study employed structural, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical methods to investigate the telocyte's phenotypes in the ventral prostate (VP) from control (CT), castrated (CS) and testosterone replacement (TR) groups of adult male Wistar rats. Telocytes were found in the subepithelial, perimuscular and interstitical regions around glandular acini. Telocytes from CT animals have condensed chromatin and long and thin telopodes. In CS group, telocytes appeared quiescent and exhibited layers of folded up telopodes. After TR, telocytes presented loose chromatin, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and enlarged telopodes, closely associated with bundles of collagen fibrils. We called these cells "telocytes with a synthetic phenotype". As testosterone levels and glandular morphology returned toward to the CT group parameters, after 10 days of TR, these telocytes progressively switched to the normal phenotype. Our results demonstrate that telocytes exhibit phenotypic plasticity upon androgen manipulation and interact with fibroblast and smooth muscle cells to maintain glandular architecture in control animals and during tissue remodeling after hormonal manipulation.
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176
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Taşkiran EZ, Karaosmanoğlu B. Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes between human primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human primary dermal fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:21-27. [PMID: 30930632 PMCID: PMC6426640 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1808-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells have been widely used in biomedical research and disease modeling studies in vitro. The most commonly used types of stromal cells are mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts. Their cellular phenotypes and differentiation capabilities are quite similar and there are no specific distinction criteria. In order to identify transcriptomic differences between these 2 cell types, we performed next-generation RNA sequencing. Using the global gene expression profile and pathway analysis, we showed that human primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human primary dermal fibroblasts have different molecular signatures. We also identified critical transcription factors that are differentially expressed between these cells. We then proposed that homeobox genes and some other sequence-specific transcription factors are not only responsible for transcriptional differences, but also discriminate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and dermal fibroblasts at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekim Zihni Taşkiran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Beren Karaosmanoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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177
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Wang K, Lin RZ, Melero-Martin JM. Bioengineering human vascular networks: trends and directions in endothelial and perivascular cell sources. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:421-439. [PMID: 30315324 PMCID: PMC6349493 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering holds great promise in regenerative medicine. However, the field of tissue engineering faces a myriad of difficulties. A major challenge is the necessity to integrate vascular networks into bioengineered constructs to enable physiological functions including adequate oxygenation, nutrient delivery, and removal of waste products. The last two decades have seen remarkable progress in our collective effort to bioengineer human-specific vascular networks. Studies have included both in vitro and in vivo investigations, and multiple methodologies have found varying degrees of success. What most approaches to bioengineer human vascular networks have in common, however, is the synergistic use of both (1) endothelial cells (ECs)-the cells used to line the lumen of the vascular structures and (2) perivascular cells-usually used to support EC function and provide perivascular stability to the networks. Here, we have highlighted trends in the use of various cellular sources over the last two decades of vascular network bioengineering research. To this end, we comprehensively reviewed all life science and biomedical publications available at the MEDLINE database up to 2018. Emphasis was put on selective studies that definitively used human ECs and were specifically related to bioengineering vascular networks. To facilitate this analysis, all papers were stratified by publication year and then analyzed according to their use of EC and perivascular cell types. This study provides an illustrating discussion on how each alternative source of cells has come to be used in the field. Our intention was to reveal trends and to provide new insights into the trajectory of vascular network bioengineering with regard to cellular sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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178
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Nunomura S, Ejiri N, Kitajima M, Nanri Y, Arima K, Mitamura Y, Yoshihara T, Fujii K, Takao K, Imura J, Fehling HJ, Izuhara K, Kitajima I. Establishment of a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis by Deleting Ikk2 in Dermal Fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1274-1283. [PMID: 30670308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with persistent pruritus. To clarify its molecular mechanism, it is important to establish a mouse model similar to the phenotypes of atopic dermatitis patients, particularly in exhibiting scratching behavior. Ikk2, a component of the IκB kinase complex, exerts pro-inflammatory responses, whereas its deficiency in keratinocytes paradoxically causes skin inflammation. In this study, we sought to generate a mouse model exhibiting skin inflammation by which dermal fibroblasts lack Ikk2 expression and evaluate whether cutaneous inflammatory phenotypes are similar to those of atopic dermatitis patients. To generate Ikk2-deficient mice (Nestincre;Ikk2FL/FL) in which Ikk2 is deleted in dermal fibroblasts, we crossed female Ikk2FL/FL mice to male Nestincre;Ikk2FL/+mice. These mice spontaneously developed skin inflammation limited to the face, with the appearance of Ikk2-deficient fibroblasts in the facial skin. These mice showed phenotypes similar to those of atopic dermatitis patients, including scratching behaviors, which are resistant to immunosuppressive or molecularly targeted drugs. These findings suggest that the Nestincre;Ikk2FL/FL mouse is an atopic dermatitis model that will be useful in clarifying atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and in developing a novel therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
| | - Naoko Ejiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Midori Kitajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomohito Yoshihara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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179
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Rodrigues M, Kosaric N, Bonham CA, Gurtner GC. Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:665-706. [PMID: 30475656 PMCID: PMC6442927 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00067.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1233] [Impact Index Per Article: 246.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is one of the most complex processes in the human body. It involves the spatial and temporal synchronization of a variety of cell types with distinct roles in the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, growth, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. With the evolution of single cell technologies, it has been possible to uncover phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within several of these cell types. There have also been discoveries of rare, stem cell subsets within the skin, which are unipotent in the uninjured state, but become multipotent following skin injury. Unraveling the roles of each of these cell types and their interactions with each other is important in understanding the mechanisms of normal wound closure. Changes in the microenvironment including alterations in mechanical forces, oxygen levels, chemokines, extracellular matrix and growth factor synthesis directly impact cellular recruitment and activation, leading to impaired states of wound healing. Single cell technologies can be used to decipher these cellular alterations in diseased states such as in chronic wounds and hypertrophic scarring so that effective therapeutic solutions for healing wounds can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Nina Kosaric
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Clark A Bonham
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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180
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Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are the main cell type present in skin connective tissue (dermis). Fibroblasts interact with epidermal cells during hair development and in interfollicular skin. Moreover, they play an essential role during cutaneous wound healing and in bioengineering of skin. Hence, culture of primary fibroblast is gaining in importance. In addition, fibroblasts established from skin biopsies provide a powerful tool for investigating normal skin physiology or specific disease states. In this chapter, detailed procedures for establishing and maintaining primary cultures of adult human dermal fibroblasts are described.
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181
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Morikawa S, Iribar H, Gutiérrez-Rivera A, Ezaki T, Izeta A. Pericytes in Cutaneous Wound Healing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:1-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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182
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Bucur M, Constantin C, Neagu M, Zurac S, Dinca O, Vladan C, Cioplea M, Popp C, Nichita L, Ionescu E. Alveolar blood clots and platelet-rich fibrin induce in vitro fibroblast proliferation and migration. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:982-989. [PMID: 30679963 PMCID: PMC6327514 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing process comprises a complex network of cells and molecules that are regulated in order to pursue tissue regeneration. Our study focused on the capacity of alveolar blood clots (ABCs), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) to induce in vitro fibroblasts proliferation and migration as a measure of alveolar regeneration. Using cellular impedance with xCELLigence technology we quantified the proliferation and the migration capacity of L929 fibroblast standard cell line in the presence of 4 different ABCs and 3 different PRFs harvested from healthy individuals during standard tooth extraction. We obtained a clear cellular proliferation induced by the compounds mainly after 24 h of cultivation, in a dose-dependent manner. After 48 h of cultivation we registered activated proliferation, but slightly decreased compared to the 24 h profile. Our data confirm that the presence of the blood clot is involved in the regenerative processes. The migratory capacity of fibroblasts was statistically activated by the PL compounds while not affected by the tested PRFs. The chemical mediators present within the blood clot, either produced by inflammatory cells captive within, or by endothelial or mesenchymal cells induced fibroblastic proliferation and subsequent collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Bucur
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery, 'Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu' Clinical Hospital of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery, 101022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Immunology, 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Immunology, 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Dinca
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery, 'Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu' Clinical Hospital of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery, 101022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Vladan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery, 'Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu' Clinical Hospital of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery, 101022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Cioplea
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Popp
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luciana Nichita
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Ionescu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Ambulatory of Orthodontics, 'Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu' Clinical Hospital of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
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183
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Shook BA, Wasko RR, Rivera-Gonzalez GC, Salazar-Gatzimas E, López-Giráldez F, Dash BC, Muñoz-Rojas AR, Aultman KD, Zwick RK, Lei V, Arbiser JL, Miller-Jensen K, Clark DA, Hsia HC, Horsley V. Myofibroblast proliferation and heterogeneity are supported by macrophages during skin repair. Science 2018; 362:eaar2971. [PMID: 30467144 PMCID: PMC6684198 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During tissue repair, myofibroblasts produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules for tissue resilience and strength. Altered ECM deposition can lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. Identification of distinct myofibroblast subsets is necessary to develop treatments for these disorders. We analyzed profibrotic cells during mouse skin wound healing, fibrosis, and aging and identified distinct subpopulations of myofibroblasts, including adipocyte precursors (APs). Multiple mouse models and transplantation assays demonstrate that proliferation of APs but not other myofibroblasts is activated by CD301b-expressing macrophages through insulin-like growth factor 1 and platelet-derived growth factor C. With age, wound bed APs and differential gene expression between myofibroblast subsets are reduced. Our findings identify multiple fibrotic cell populations and suggest that the environment dictates functional myofibroblast heterogeneity, which is driven by fibroblast-immune interactions after wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Shook
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Renee R Wasko
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | | | | | - Biraja C Dash
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Krystal D Aultman
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rachel K Zwick
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Vivian Lei
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Health Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kathryn Miller-Jensen
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Damon A Clark
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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184
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Visfatin Promotes Wound Healing through the Activation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113642. [PMID: 30463229 PMCID: PMC6274809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Visfatin, a member of the adipokine family, plays an important role in many metabolic and stress responses. The mechanisms underlying the direct therapeutic effects of visfatin on wound healing have not been reported yet. In this study, we examined the effects of visfatin on wound healing in vitro and in vivo. Visfatin enhanced the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and keratinocytes the expression of wound healing-related vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of HDFs with visfatin induced activation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2 (JNK1/2) in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 led to a significant decrease in visfatin-induced proliferation and migration of HDFs. Importantly, blocking VEGF with its neutralizing antibodies suppressed the visfatin-induced proliferation and migration of HDFs and human keratinocytes, indicating that visfatin induces the proliferation and migration of HDFs and human keratinocytes via increased VEGF expression. Moreover, visfatin effectively improved wound repair in vivo, which was comparable to the wound healing activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Taken together, we demonstrate that visfatin promotes the proliferation and migration of HDFs and human keratinocytes by inducing VEGF expression and can be used as a potential novel therapeutic agent for wound healing.
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185
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Fujiwara H, Tsutsui K, Morita R. Multi-tasking epidermal stem cells: Beyond epidermal maintenance. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:531-541. [PMID: 30449051 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, multiple stem cell compartments have been identified within the epidermis. These stem cell pools have different transcriptional properties, proliferative modes and anatomical locations, and they maintain distinct epidermal compartments. The importance of this stem cell heterogeneity and compartmentalization has been understood as a key feature in epidermal homeostasis. However, recent studies have revealed that these heterogeneous stem cells themselves act as a niche for neighboring cells, thereby establishing spatially and temporally patterned epidermal-dermal functional units. These studies provide a new perspective for interpreting the biological significance of stem cell heterogeneity and compartmentalization beyond their role in epidermal maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ko Tsutsui
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Morita
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
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186
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Identity Noise and Adipogenic Traits Characterize Dermal Fibroblast Aging. Cell 2018; 175:1575-1590.e22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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187
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Walraven M, Hinz B. Therapeutic approaches to control tissue repair and fibrosis: Extracellular matrix as a game changer. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:205-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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188
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Abdelhakim AH, Dunbar KE, Godfrey KJ, Abascal Ananza C, Silvers DN, Kazim M. Unique histopathologic features of the eyelid dermatofibroma. Orbit 2018; 38:274-278. [PMID: 30183445 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2018.1513045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Dermatofibromas are common cutaneous lesions, but rarely occur in the eyelid skin. The reason for the low incidence in the palpebral skin has not been elucidated. In this study, we analyze the histopathologic features of an illustrative case of dermatofibroma and review previously published cases to determine whether eyelid dermatofibroma develops differently from the prototypical dermatofibroma. Methods: Histopathologic analysis of a new illustrative case of eyelid dermatofibroma and retrospective review of published cases. Results: The distinguishing features of the illustrative lesion included a rounder gross appearance, nonacanthotic epithelium, basophilic staining, cellular character, and a paucity of "collagen trapping." These features deviated from the typical features associated with classic dermatofibroma. Review of the 11 previously published cases of eyelid dermatofibroma revealed that they were more similar in appearance to the illustrative lesion than to classic dermatofibroma. Discussion: The rarity and histological deviations of the eyelid dermatofibroma suggest that the dermal substrate from which the lesion develops differs from that of the classic dermatofibroma. This difference may be explained microanatomically based on the fact that the dermis of the eyelid is predominantly papillary, whereas the dermis of extrapalpebral skin where dermatofibromas are more common is predominantly reticular. Conclusions: Although related, eyelid dermatofibromas appear to be histologically distinct from classic dermatofibromas, owing to the unique dermal composition of the site of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa H Abdelhakim
- a Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
| | - Kristen E Dunbar
- a Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
| | - Kyle J Godfrey
- a Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
| | - Cristina Abascal Ananza
- a Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
| | - David N Silvers
- b Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
| | - Michael Kazim
- a Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
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189
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desJardins-Park HE, Foster DS, Longaker MT. Fibroblasts and wound healing: an update. Regen Med 2018; 13:491-495. [PMID: 30062921 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E desJardins-Park
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deshka S Foster
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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190
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Kwon J, Kim YH, Rhee SM, Kim TI, Lee J, Jeon S, Oh JH. Effects of Allogenic Dermal Fibroblasts on Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Tear. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:1901-1908. [PMID: 29746144 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518770428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of rotator cuffs to heal after repair is an unresolved surgical issue. There have been substantial efforts, including the use of biological supplements, to enhance tendon healing. Dermal fibroblasts are a good candidate for tendon tissue engineering because they are similar to the tenocytes used for collagen synthesis. In addition, they are easily accessible because autologous dermal fibroblasts can be obtained from individual skin without major skin defects and allogenic dermal fibroblasts (ADFs) have already been commercialized in the field of skin engineering. PURPOSE To determine the effects of dermal fibroblasts on tendon-to-bone healing in a rabbit model of a chronic rotator cuff tear. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 33 rabbits were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 11 each). Supraspinatus tendons were detached and left for 6 weeks to establish a chronic rotator tear model. Torn tendons were repaired in a transosseous manner with the injection of 5 × 106 ADFs with fibrin in group A, fibrin only in group B, and saline only in group C. At 12 weeks after repair, the mechanical test and histological evaluation were performed. RESULTS Seven rabbits died before the evaluation (1 in group A, 2 in group B, 4 in group C). In the final evaluation, the mean ± SD load to failure was 48.1 ± 13.3 N/kg for group A, 34.5 ± 8.9 N/kg for group B, and 31.1 ± 8.3 N/kg for group C, and group A showed significantly higher load-to-failure values than the other groups ( P = .011). The midsubstance tear rate, which presented stronger tendon-to-bone healing than insertional tear, was 50.0% in group A, 22.2% in group B, 28.6% in group C, but the differences were not statistically significant ( P = .413). In the histological evaluation, group A showed greater collagen fiber continuity and better orientation than the other groups. CONCLUSION This controlled laboratory study verified, on the basis of biomechanics and histology, the potential for the use of ADFs in rotator cuff healing. The current results suggest a new biological supplement to increase the rate of rotator cuff healing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The most important finding of this study was the potential for a new biological supplement to enhance rotator cuff healing-a continuing challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Cutigen Research Institute, Tego Science Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Rhee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul JS Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- Cutigen Research Institute, Tego Science Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saewha Jeon
- Cutigen Research Institute, Tego Science Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Han Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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191
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Yokoyama H, Kudo N, Todate M, Shimada Y, Suzuki M, Tamura K. Skin regeneration of amphibians: A novel model for skin regeneration as adults. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:316-325. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Nanako Kudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Momoko Todate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Yuri Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Division of Morphogenesis; National Institute for Basic Biology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Okazaki Aichi Japan
- Department of Basic Biology; School of Life Science; the Graduate University of Advanced Studies; Hayama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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192
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Dergilev K, Tsokolaeva Z, Makarevich P, Beloglazova I, Zubkova E, Boldyreva M, Ratner E, Dyikanov D, Menshikov M, Ovchinnikov A, Ageev F, Parfyonova Y. C-Kit Cardiac Progenitor Cell Based Cell Sheet Improves Vascularization and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling following Myocardial Infarction in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3536854. [PMID: 30046593 PMCID: PMC6036839 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3536854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The adult heart contains small populations of multipotent cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) that present a convenient and efficient resource for treatment of myocardial infarction. Several clinical studies of direct CPC delivery by injection have already been performed but showed low engraftment rate that limited beneficial effects of procedure. «Cell sheet» technology has been developed to facilitate longer retention of grafted cells and show new directions for cell-based therapy using this strategy. In this study we hypothesized that СPC-based cell sheet transplantation could improve regeneration after myocardial infarction. We demonstrated that c-kit+ CPC were able to form cell sheets on temperature-responsive surfaces. Cell sheet represented a well-organized structure, in which CPC survived, retained ability to proliferate, expressed progenitor cell marker Gata-4 formed connexin-43+ gap junctions, and were surrounded by significant amount of extracellular matrix proteins. Transplantation of cell sheets after myocardial infarction resulted in CPC engraftment as well as their proliferation, migration, and differentiation; cell sheets also stimulated neovascularization and cardiomyocyte proliferation in underlining myocardium and ameliorated left ventricular remodeling. Obtained data strongly supported potential use of CPC sheet transplantation for repair of damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Dergilev
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z. Tsokolaeva
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - P. Makarevich
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I. Beloglazova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. Zubkova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Boldyreva
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. Ratner
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D. Dyikanov
- Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Menshikov
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Ovchinnikov
- Consultative and Diagnostic Department, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Ageev
- Consultative and Diagnostic Department, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ye. Parfyonova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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193
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Nicu C, Pople J, Bonsell L, Bhogal R, Ansell DM, Paus R. A guide to studying human dermal adipocytes in situ. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:589-602. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nicu
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - Laura Bonsell
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - David M. Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
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194
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Tissot FS, Estrach S, Boulter E, Cailleteau L, Tosello L, Seguin L, Pisano S, Audebert S, Croce O, Féral CC. Dermal Fibroblast SLC3A2 Deficiency Leads to Premature Aging and Loss of Epithelial Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2511-2521. [PMID: 29906411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin homeostasis relies on fine-tuning of epidermis-dermis interactions and is affected by aging. While extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as integrins, are involved in aging, the molecular basis of the skin changes needs to be investigated further. Here, we showed that integrin co-receptor, SLC3A2, required for cell proliferation, is expressed at the surface of resting dermal fibroblasts in young patients and is reduced drastically with aging. In vivo SLC3A2 dermal fibroblast deletion induced major skin phenotypes resembling premature aging. Knockout mice (3 months old) presented strong defects in skin elasticity due to altered ECM assembly, which impairs epidermal homeostasis. SLC3A2 dermal fibroblast loss led to an age-associated secretome profile, with 77% of identified proteins belonging to ECM and ECM-associated proteins. ECM not only contributes to skin mechanical properties, but it is also a reservoir of growth factors and bioactive molecules. We demonstrate that dermal fibroblast SLC3A2 is required for ECM to fully exert its structural and reservoir role allowing proper and efficient TGF-β localization and activation. We identified SLC3A2 as a protective controller of dermal ECM stiffness and quality required to maintain the epidermis to dermis interface as functional and dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane S Tissot
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Soline Estrach
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Etienne Boulter
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Cailleteau
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lionel Tosello
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Laetitia Seguin
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Croce
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Chloé C Féral
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France.
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195
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Orzechowska B, Pabijan J, Wiltowska-Zuber J, Zemła J, Lekka M. Fibroblasts change spreading capability and mechanical properties in a direct interaction with keratinocytes in conditions mimicking wound healing. J Biomech 2018; 74:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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196
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Kodet O, Dvořánková B, Bendlová B, Sýkorová V, Krajsová I, Štork J, Kučera J, Szabo P, Strnad H, Kolář M, Vlček Č, Smetana K, Lacina L. Microenvironment‑driven resistance to B‑Raf inhibition in a melanoma patient is accompanied by broad changes of gene methylation and expression in distal fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2687-2703. [PMID: 29393387 PMCID: PMC5846633 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of malignant melanoma is rapidly increasing and current medicine is offering only limited options for treatment of the advanced disease. For B‑Raf mutated melanomas, treatment with mutation‑specific drug inhibitors may be used. Unfortunately, tumors frequently acquire resistance to the treatment. Tumor microenvironment, namely cancer‑associated fibroblasts, largely influence this acquired resistance. In the present study, fibroblasts were isolated from a patient suffering from acrolentiginous melanoma (Breslow, 4.0 mm; Clark, IV; B‑Raf V600E mutated). The present study focused on the expression of structural and functional markers of fibroblast activation in melanoma‑associated fibroblasts (MAFs; isolated prior to therapy initiation) as well as in autologous control fibroblasts (ACFs) of the same patient isolated during B‑Raf inhibitor therapy, yet before clinical progression of the disease. Analysis of gene transcription was also performed, as well as DNA methylation status analysis at the genomic scale of both isolates. MAFs were positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA), which is a marker of myofibroblasts and the hallmark of cancer stoma. Surprisingly, ACF isolated from the distant uninvolved skin of the same patient also exhibited strong SMA expression. A similar phenotype was also observed in control dermal fibroblasts (CDFs; from different donors) exclusively following stimulation by transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that melanoma cells potently produce TGF‑β1. Significant differences were also identified in gene transcription and in DNA methylation status at the genomic scale. Upregulation of SMA was observed in ACF cells at the protein and transcriptional levels. The present results support recent experimental findings that tumor microenvironment is driving resistance to B‑Raf inhibition in patients with melanoma. Such an activated microenvironment may be viable for the growth of circulating melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kodet
- Institute of Anatomy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808 Prague
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of The Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, 25250 Vestec
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, General University Hospital, 12808 Prague
| | - Barbora Dvořánková
- Institute of Anatomy
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of The Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, 25250 Vestec
| | | | | | - Ivana Krajsová
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, General University Hospital, 12808 Prague
| | - Jiří Štork
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808 Prague
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, General University Hospital, 12808 Prague
| | - Jan Kučera
- Institute of Anatomy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808 Prague
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, General University Hospital, 12808 Prague
| | - Pavol Szabo
- Institute of Anatomy
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of The Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, 25250 Vestec
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Čestmír Vlček
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of The Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, 25250 Vestec
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808 Prague
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of The Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, 25250 Vestec
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, General University Hospital, 12808 Prague
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197
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Mignon C, Uzunbajakava NE, Castellano-Pellicena I, Botchkareva NV, Tobin DJ. Differential response of human dermal fibroblast subpopulations to visible and near-infrared light: Potential of photobiomodulation for addressing cutaneous conditions. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:859-882. [PMID: 29665018 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of photobiomodulation (PBM), demonstrating encouraging results for the treatment of cutaneous disorders. Confidence in this approach, however, is impaired not only by a lack of understanding of the light-triggered molecular cascades but also by the significant inconsistency in published experimental outcomes, design of the studies and applied optical parameters. This study aimed at characterizing the response of human dermal fibroblast subpopulations to visible and near-infrared (NIR) light in an attempt to identify the optical treatment parameters with high potential to address deficits in aging skin and non-healing chronic wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human reticular and papillary dermal fibroblasts (DF) were isolated from the surplus of post-surgery human facial skin. An in-house developed LED-based device was used to irradiate cell cultures using six discrete wavelengths (450, 490, 550, 590, 650, and 850 nm). Light dose-response at a standard oxygen concentration (20%) at all six wavelengths was evaluated in terms of cell metabolic activity. This was followed by an analysis of the transcriptome and procollagen I production at a protein level, where cells were cultured in conditions closer to in vivo at 2% environmental oxygen and 2% serum. Furthermore, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was accessed using real-time fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging. Here, production of ROS in the presence or absence of antioxidants, as well as the cellular localization of ROS, was evaluated. RESULTS In terms of metabolic activity, consecutive irradiation with short-wavelength light (⇐530 nm) exerted an inhibitory effect on DF, while longer wavelengths (>=590 nm) had essentially a neutral effect. Cell behavior following treatment with 450 nm was biphasic with two distinct states: inhibitory at low- to mid- dose levels (<=30 J/cm2 ), and cytotoxic at higher dose levels (>30 J/cm2 ). Cell response to blue light was accompanied by a dose-dependent release of ROS that was localized in the perinuclear area close to mitochondria, which was attenuated by an antioxidant. Overall, reticular DFs exhibited a greater sensitivity to light treatment at the level of gene expression than did papillary DFs, with more genes significantly up- or down- regulated. At the intra-cellular signaling pathway level, the up- or down- regulation of vital pathways was observed only for reticular DF, after treatment with 30 J/cm2 of blue light. At the cellular level, short visible wavelengths exerted a greater inhibitory effect on reticular DF. Several genes involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway were also affected. In addition, procollagen I production was inhibited. By contrast, 850 nm near-infrared (NIR) light (20 J/cm2 ) exerted a stimulatory metabolic effect in these cells, with no detectable intracellular ROS formation. Here too, reticular DF were more responsive than papillary DF. This stimulatory effect was only observed under in vivo-like low oxygen conditions, corresponding to normal dermal tissue oxygen levels (approximately 2%). CONCLUSION This study highlights a differential impact of light on human skin cells with upregulation of metabolic activity with NIR light, and inhibition of pro-collagen production and proliferation in response to blue light. These findings open-up new avenues for developing therapies for different cutaneous conditions (e.g., treatment of keloids and fibrosis) or differential therapy at distinct stages of wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:859-882, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mignon
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Irene Castellano-Pellicena
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom
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198
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Philippeos C, Telerman SB, Oulès B, Pisco AO, Shaw TJ, Elgueta R, Lombardi G, Driskell RR, Soldin M, Lynch MD, Watt FM. Spatial and Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling Identifies Functionally Distinct Human Dermal Fibroblast Subpopulations. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:811-825. [PMID: 29391249 PMCID: PMC5869055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mouse dermis is composed of functionally distinct fibroblast lineages. To explore the extent of fibroblast heterogeneity in human skin, we used a combination of comparative spatial transcriptional profiling of human and mouse dermis and single-cell transcriptional profiling of human dermal fibroblasts. We show that there are at least four distinct fibroblast populations in adult human skin, not all of which are spatially segregated. We define markers permitting their isolation and show that although marker expression is lost in culture, different fibroblast subpopulations retain distinct functionality in terms of Wnt signaling, responsiveness to IFN-γ, and ability to support human epidermal reconstitution when introduced into decellularized dermis. These findings suggest that ex vivo expansion or in vivo ablation of specific fibroblast subpopulations may have therapeutic applications in wound healing and diseases characterized by excessive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Philippeos
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Stephanie B Telerman
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Bénédicte Oulès
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Angela O Pisco
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- King's College London Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, London, UK
| | - Raul Elgueta
- King's College London MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- King's College London MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Ryan R Driskell
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK; School of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Mark Soldin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. George's National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Magnus D Lynch
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK; St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK.
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199
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Chermnykh E, Kalabusheva E, Vorotelyak E. Extracellular Matrix as a Regulator of Epidermal Stem Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041003. [PMID: 29584689 PMCID: PMC5979429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells reside within the specific anatomic location, called niche, which is a microenvironment that interacts with stem cells to regulate their fate. Regulation of many important processes, including maintenance of stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, and homeostasis, as well as the regulation of division and differentiation, are common functions of the stem cell niche. As it was shown in multiple studies, extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes a lot to stem cell niches in various tissues, including that of skin. In epidermis, ECM is represented, primarily, by a highly specialized ECM structure, basement membrane (BM), which separates the epidermal and dermal compartments. Epidermal stem cells contact with BM, but when they lose the contact and migrate to the overlying layers, they undergo terminal differentiation. When considering all of these factors, ECM is of fundamental importance in regulating epidermal stem cells maintenance, proper mobilization, and differentiation. Here, we summarize the remarkable progress that has recently been made in the research of ECM role in regulating epidermal stem cell fate, paying special attention to the hair follicle stem cell niche. We show that the destruction of ECM components impairs epidermal stem cell morphogenesis and homeostasis. A deep understanding of ECM molecular structure as well as the development of in vitro system for stem cell maintaining by ECM proteins may bring us to developing new approaches for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Chermnykh
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Kalabusheva
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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200
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Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B, Castagna R, Sacconi B, Mazzucco P. New Proposal to Define the Fascial System. Complement Med Res 2018; 25:257-262. [PMID: 29550826 DOI: 10.1159/000486238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
At the beginning of the third millennium, we still do not have a definition of 'fascia' recognized as valid by every researcher. This article attempts to give a new definition of the fascial system, including the epidermis, by comparing the mechanical-metabolic characteristics of the connective tissue and the skin. In fact, according to the latest classification deriving from the Fascia Nomenclature Committee, the outer skin layer is not considered as part of the fascial continuum. This article highlights the reasons for taking the functional characteristics of the tissue into consideration, rather than its mere structure. A brief discussion will address the questions as to what is considered as fascial tissue and from which embryonic germ layer the epidermis is formed. The notion that all the layers intersect will be highlighted, demonstrating that quoting precise definitions of tissue stratification in the living organism probably does not correspond to what happens in vivo. What we propose as a definition is not to be regarded as a point of arrival but as another departure.
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