151
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Svilenov HL, Menzen T, Richter K, Winter G. Modulated Scanning Fluorimetry Can Quickly Assess Thermal Protein Unfolding Reversibility in Microvolume Samples. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2638-2647. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hristo L. Svilenov
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Menzen
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Klaus Richter
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
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152
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Ebo JS, Saunders JC, Devine PWA, Gordon AM, Warwick AS, Schiffrin B, Chin SE, England E, Button JD, Lloyd C, Bond NJ, Ashcroft AE, Radford SE, Lowe DC, Brockwell DJ. An in vivo platform to select and evolve aggregation-resistant proteins. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1816. [PMID: 32286330 PMCID: PMC7156504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein biopharmaceuticals are highly successful, but their utility is compromised by their propensity to aggregate during manufacture and storage. As aggregation can be triggered by non-native states, whose population is not necessarily related to thermodynamic stability, prediction of poorly-behaving biologics is difficult, and searching for sequences with desired properties is labour-intensive and time-consuming. Here we show that an assay in the periplasm of E. coli linking aggregation directly to antibiotic resistance acts as a sensor for the innate (un-accelerated) aggregation of antibody fragments. Using this assay as a directed evolution screen, we demonstrate the generation of aggregation resistant scFv sequences when reformatted as IgGs. This powerful tool can thus screen and evolve ‘manufacturable’ biopharmaceuticals early in industrial development. By comparing the mutational profiles of three different immunoglobulin scaffolds, we show the applicability of this method to investigate protein aggregation mechanisms important to both industrial manufacture and amyloid disease. Protein aggregation remains a significant challenge for manufacturing of protein biopharmaceuticals. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of directed evolution and an assay for in vivo innate protein aggregation-propensity to generate aggregation-resistant scFv fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Ebo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Janet C Saunders
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.,AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Paul W A Devine
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Alice M Gordon
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Amy S Warwick
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Bob Schiffrin
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alison E Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David C Lowe
- AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
| | - David J Brockwell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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153
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Sidorin EV, Khomenko VA, Kim NY, Solov'eva TF. Chaperone and Immunoglobulin-Binding Activities of Skp Protein from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:80-89. [PMID: 32079519 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we determined qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the chaperone and immunoglobulin-binding activities of recombinant Skp protein (rSkp) from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis using the methods of dynamic light scattering and surface plasmon resonance. Commercial human polyclonal IgG and Fc and Fab fragments of human IgG were used as substrate proteins. The activity of rSkp strongly depended on the medium pH. The most stable low-molecular-weight complexes with a hydrodynamic radius up to 10 nm were formed by rSkp and protein substrates at acidic pH values. Under these conditions, rSkp exhibited the lowest propensity to self-association and the highest affinity for human IgG and its Fc and Fab fragments, as well as prevented their aggregation most efficiently (i.e., demonstrated the maximal chaperone activity). As the medium pH increased, the affinity of rSkp for IgG and its fragments decreased; rSkp was not able to completely prevent the aggregation of protein substrates, but significantly slowed it down. The obtained information may be of practical interest, since the stability of therapeutic IgG preparations affects their safety and efficacy in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Sidorin
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - V A Khomenko
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - N Yu Kim
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - T F Solov'eva
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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154
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Study of the interaction between a novel, protein-stabilizing dipeptide and Interferon-alpha-2a by construction of a Markov state model from molecular dynamics simulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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155
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Ma L, Yang C, Zheng J, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Huang K. Non-polyphenolic natural inhibitors of amyloid aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112197. [PMID: 32172082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding diseases (PMDs) are chronic and progressive, with no effective therapy so far. Aggregation and misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins are closely associated with the onset and progression of PMDs, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease, α-Synuclein (α-Syn) in Parkinson's disease and human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in type 2 diabetes. Inhibiting toxic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach in PMDs. The past decade has witnessed the rapid progresses of this field, dozens of inhibitors have been screened and verified in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating inhibitory effects against the aggregation and misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins, together with beneficial effects. Natural products are major sources of small molecule amyloid inhibitors, a number of natural derived compounds have been identified with great bioactivities and translational prospects. Here, we review the non-polyphenolic natural inhibitors that potentially applicable for PMDs treatment, along with their working mechanisms. Future directions are proposed for the development and clinical applications of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yushuo Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430035, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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156
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Dhankher A, Hernandez ME, Howard HC, Champion JA. Characterization and Control of Dynamic Rearrangement in a Self-Assembled Antibody Carrier. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1407-1416. [PMID: 32134251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thorough characterization of protein assemblies is required for the control of structure and robust performance in any given application, especially for the safety and stability of protein therapeutics. Here, we report the use of multiple, orthogonal characterization techniques to enable control over the structure of a multivalent antibody carrier for future use in drug delivery applications. The carrier, known as Hex, contains six antibody binding domains that bind the Fc region of antibodies. Using size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and dynamic light scattering, we identified the stoichiometry of assembled Hex-antibody complexes and observed changes in the stoichiometry of nanocarriers when incubated at higher temperatures over time. The characterization data informed the modification of Hex to achieve tighter control over the protein assembly structure for future therapeutic applications. This work demonstrates the importance of using orthogonal characterization techniques and observing protein assembly in different conditions over time to fully understand and control structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Dhankher
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Manuel E Hernandez
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hannah C Howard
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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157
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Salem DP, Gong X, Lee H, Zeng A, Xue G, Schacherl J, Gibson S, Strano MS. Characterization of Protein Aggregation Using Hydrogel-Encapsulated nIR Fluorescent Nanoparticle Sensors. ACS Sens 2020; 5:327-337. [PMID: 31989811 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of biopharmaceutical critical quality attributes in-process, at both the process development and manufacturing stages, is necessary for the implementation of process analytical technology and quality-by-design principles. Among these attributes, it is important to monitor and control protein aggregation during the manufacturing of biological therapeutics to prevent adverse immunogenic responses and minimize negative impacts on drug deliverability. In this work, we explore hydrogel-encapsulated, label-free fluorescent nanosensors for the characterization of protein aggregation. A mathematical model is used to describe the diffusion and binding of a series of stressed pharmaceutical samples to such sensors, describing their dynamic response. We use mathematical modeling to map the influence of hydrogel properties on the separation performance, given the composition of UV-stressed IgG1 samples. Using this modified model, the compositions of light-stressed IgG1 samples were fit to experimental data and correlated with size-exclusion chromatography data. The results demonstrate the ability to detect the presence of high-molecular-weight protein species at a concentration as low as 1%. This work represents a significant step toward the development and deployment of rapid process analytical technologies for biopharmaceutical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heejin Lee
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alicia Zeng
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Gang Xue
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeff Schacherl
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Scott Gibson
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael S. Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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158
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Ebo JS, Guthertz N, Radford SE, Brockwell DJ. Using protein engineering to understand and modulate aggregation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 60:157-166. [PMID: 32087409 PMCID: PMC7132541 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation occurs through a variety of mechanisms, initiated by the unfolded, non-native, or even the native state itself. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of protein aggregation is challenging, given the array of competing interactions that control solubility, stability, cooperativity and aggregation propensity. An array of methods have been developed to interrogate protein aggregation, spanning computational algorithms able to identify aggregation-prone regions, to deep mutational scanning to define the entire mutational landscape of a protein's sequence. Here, we review recent advances in this exciting and emerging field, focussing on protein engineering approaches that, together with improved computational methods, hold promise to predict and control protein aggregation linked to human disease, as well as facilitating the manufacture of protein-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Ebo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicolas Guthertz
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Brockwell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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159
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Comprehensive biophysical and functional study of ziv-aflibercept: characterization and forced degradation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2675. [PMID: 32060315 PMCID: PMC7021693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflibercept (AFL) is an Fc fusion protein used in the treatment of colorectal cancers and different ophthalmological diseases. There are two medicines in which AFL is the active substance: Zaltrap and Eylea, referred as ziv-AFL and AFL respectively. No proper accelerated degradation studies were published on either AFL or ziv-AFL. These studies are essential during research, development and manufacturing stages. Here, we characterized ziv-AFL and submitted it to different stress conditions: light, 60 °C, freeze-thaw cycles, changes in pH, high hypertonic solution and strong denaturing conditions. We used an array of techniques to detect aggregation (SE-HPLC/DAD and DLS), changes in secondary structure (Far-UV circular dichroism), changes in conformation or tertiary structure (Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence) and alterations in functionality (ELISA). Results indicate that aggregation is common degradation pathway. Two different types of aggregates were detected: dimers and high molecular weight aggregates attributed to β-amyloid-like structures. Secondary structure was maintained in most of the stress tests, while conformation was altered by almost all the tests except for the freeze-thaw cycles. Functionality, evaluated by its immunochemical reaction with VEGF, was found to be stable but with decrease when exposed to light and with likely partial inactivation of the drug when pH was altered.
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160
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Zakas PM, Healey JF, Smith IW, Lillicrap D, Lollar P. Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation of Oxidized Recombinant Full-Length Factor VIII. Front Immunol 2020; 11:150. [PMID: 32117290 PMCID: PMC7020254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-drug antibodies to coagulation factor VIII (fVIII), often termed inhibitors, present the greatest economical and treatment related obstacle in the management of hemophilia A. Although several genetic and environmental risk factors associated with inhibitor development have been identified, the precise mechanisms responsible for the immune response to exogenous fVIII therapies remain undefined. Clinical trials suggest there is an increased immunogenic potential of recombinant fVIII compared to plasma-derived products. Additional biochemical and immunological studies have demonstrated that changes in recombinant fVIII production and formulation can alter fVIII structure and immunogenicity. Recently, one study demonstrated increased immunogenicity of the recombinant fVIII product Helixate in hemophilia A mice following oxidation with hypochlorite (ClO−). It is widely reported that protein aggregates within drug products can induce adverse immune reactions in patients. Several studies have therefore investigated the prevalence of molecular aggregates in commercial recombinant products with and without use-relevant stress and agitation. To investigate the potential link between oxidation-induced immunogenicity and molecular aggregation, we analyzed the recombinant fVIII product, Helixate, via sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation following oxidation with ClO−. At 80 μM ClO−, a concentration that reduced the specific-activity by 67%, no detectable increase in large molecular aggregates (s > 12 S) was observed when compared to non-oxidized fVIII. This lack of aggregates was demonstrated both in commercial excipient as well as a HEPES buffered saline formulation. These data suggest that oxidation induced immunogenicity is independent of aggregate-mediated immune response. Therefore, our data support multiple, independent mechanisms underlying fVIII immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Zakas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - John F Healey
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ian W Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Pete Lollar
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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161
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Wang Y, Jiang X, Feng F, Liu W, Sun H. Degradation of proteins by PROTACs and other strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:207-238. [PMID: 32082969 PMCID: PMC7016280 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the biological functions of scaffold proteins and aggregated proteins is a challenging goal. PROTAC proteolysis-targeting chimaera (PROTAC) technology may be the solution, considering its ability to selectively degrade target proteins. Recent progress in the PROTAC strategy include identification of the structure of the first ternary eutectic complex, extra-terminal domain-4-PROTAC-Von-Hippel-Lindau (BRD4-PROTAC-VHL), and PROTAC ARV-110 has entered clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer in 2019. These discoveries strongly proved the value of the PROTAC strategy. In this perspective, we summarized recent meaningful research of PROTAC, including the types of degradation proteins, preliminary biological data in vitro and in vivo, and new E3 ubiquitin ligases. Importantly, the molecular design, optimization strategy and clinical application of candidate molecules are highlighted in detail. Future perspectives for development of advanced PROTAC in medical fields have also been discussed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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162
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Feasibility of electrospraying fully aqueous bovine serum albumin solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 147:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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163
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Assessment of Structural and Functional Comparability of Biosimilar Products: Trastuzumab as a Case Study. BioDrugs 2020; 34:209-223. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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164
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Santos J, Iglesias V, Santos-Suárez J, Mangiagalli M, Brocca S, Pallarès I, Ventura S. pH-Dependent Aggregation in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Is Determined by Charge and Lipophilicity. Cells 2020; 9:E145. [PMID: 31936201 PMCID: PMC7017033 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is associated with an increasing number of human disorders and premature aging. Moreover, it is a central concern in the manufacturing of recombinant proteins for biotechnological and therapeutic applications. Nevertheless, the unique architecture of protein aggregates is also exploited by nature for functional purposes, from bacteria to humans. The relevance of this process in health and disease has boosted the interest in understanding and controlling aggregation, with the concomitant development of a myriad of algorithms aimed to predict aggregation propensities. However, most of these programs are blind to the protein environment and, in particular, to the influence of the pH. Here, we developed an empirical equation to model the pH-dependent aggregation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) based on the assumption that both the global protein charge and lipophilicity depend on the solution pH. Upon its parametrization with a model IDP, this simple phenomenological approach showed unprecedented accuracy in predicting the dependence of the aggregation of both pathogenic and functional amyloidogenic IDPs on the pH. The algorithm might be useful for diverse applications, from large-scale analysis of IDPs aggregation properties to the design of novel reversible nanofibrillar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Santos
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.); (V.I.); (I.P.)
| | - Valentín Iglesias
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.); (V.I.); (I.P.)
| | - Juan Santos-Suárez
- Galicia Supercomputing Center (CESGA), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Irantzu Pallarès
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.); (V.I.); (I.P.)
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.); (V.I.); (I.P.)
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165
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The Molecular Interaction Process. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:154-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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166
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Das TK, Narhi LO, Sreedhara A, Menzen T, Grapentin C, Chou DK, Antochshuk V, Filipe V. Stress Factors in mAb Drug Substance Production Processes: Critical Assessment of Impact on Product Quality and Control Strategy. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:116-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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167
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Chen X, Yang D. Functional zwitterionic biomaterials for administration of insulin. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4906-4919. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the structures and biomedical applications of zwitterionic biomaterials in the administration of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- College of Medicine
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Dongqiong Yang
- College of Medicine
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
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168
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Hu Y, Toth RT, Joshi SB, Esfandiary R, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB, Weis DD. Characterization of Excipient Effects on Reversible Self-Association, Backbone Flexibility, and Solution Properties of an IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody at High Concentrations: Part 2. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:353-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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169
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Goulet DR, Atkins WM. Considerations for the Design of Antibody-Based Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:74-103. [PMID: 31173761 PMCID: PMC6891151 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based proteins have become an important class of biologic therapeutics, due in large part to the stability, specificity, and adaptability of the antibody framework. Indeed, antibodies not only have the inherent ability to bind both antigens and endogenous immune receptors but also have proven extremely amenable to protein engineering. Thus, several derivatives of the monoclonal antibody format, including bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and antibody fragments, have demonstrated efficacy for treating human disease, particularly in the fields of immunology and oncology. Reviewed here are considerations for the design of antibody-based therapeutics, including immunological context, therapeutic mechanisms, and engineering strategies. First, characteristics of antibodies are introduced, with emphasis on structural domains, functionally important receptors, isotypic and allotypic differences, and modifications such as glycosylation. Then, aspects of therapeutic antibody design are discussed, including identification of antigen-specific variable regions, choice of expression system, use of multispecific formats, and design of antibody derivatives based on fragmentation, oligomerization, or conjugation to other functional moieties. Finally, strategies to enhance antibody function through protein engineering are reviewed while highlighting the impact of fundamental biophysical properties on protein developability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
| | - William M Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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170
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Kunz P, Ortale A, Mücke N, Zinner K, Hoheisel JD. Nanobody stability engineering by employing the ΔTm shift; a comparison with apparent rate constants of heat-induced aggregation. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:241-249. [PMID: 31340035 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigen-binding domains of camelid heavy-chain antibodies, also called nanobodies, gained strong attention because of their unique functional and biophysical properties. They gave rise to an entire spectrum of applications in biotechnology, research and medicine. Despite several reports about reversibly refolding nanobodies, protein aggregation plays a major role in nanobody thermoresistance, asking for strategies to engineer their refolding behavior. Here, we use measurements of nanobody aggregation kinetics to validate structural features in the nanobody fold that are suppressing heat-induced nanobody aggregation. Furthermore, the kinetic measurements yielded a detailed insight into the concept of the ΔTm shift, a metric for protein aggregation propensities obtained from differential scanning fluorimetry measurements. By relating the equilibrium measurements of the ΔTm shift to the kinetic measurements of heat-induced nanobody aggregation, a distinct relationship could be identified that allows a prediction of nanobody aggregation rates from a simple equilibrium measurement of ΔTm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kunz
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio Ortale
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Mücke
- Division of Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katinka Zinner
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Germany
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171
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Wälchli R, Ressurreição M, Vogg S, Feidl F, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Jian Li Z, Le Saoût X, Souquet J, Broly H, Morbidelli M. Understanding mAb aggregation during low pH viral inactivation and subsequent neutralization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:687-700. [PMID: 31784982 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and related recombinant proteins continue to gain importance in the treatment of a great variety of diseases. Despite significant advances, their manufacturing can still present challenges owing to their molecular complexity and stringent regulations with respect to product purity, stability, safety, and so forth. In this context, protein aggregates are of particular concern due to their immunogenic potential. During manufacturing, mAbs routinely undergo acidic treatment to inactivate viral contamination, which can lead to their aggregation and thereby to product loss. To better understand the underlying mechanism so as to propose strategies to mitigate the issue, we systematically investigated the denaturation and aggregation of two mAbs at low pH as well as after neutralization. We observed that at low pH and low ionic strength, mAb surface hydrophobicity increased whereas molecular size remained constant. After neutralization of acidic mAb solutions, the fraction of monomeric mAb started to decrease accompanied by an increase on average mAb size. This indicates that electrostatic repulsion prevents denatured mAb molecules from aggregation under acidic pH and low ionic strength, whereas neutralization reduces this repulsion and coagulation initiates. Limiting denaturation at low pH by d-sorbitol addition or temperature reduction effectively improved monomer recovery after neutralization. Our findings might be used to develop innovative viral inactivation procedures during mAb manufacturing that result in higher product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Wälchli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Ressurreição
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Vogg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Feidl
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Xavier Le Saoût
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland
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172
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Dahodwala H, Lee KH. The fickle CHO: a review of the causes, implications, and potential alleviation of the CHO cell line instability problem. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:128-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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173
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Stability and Biological Activity of E. coli Derived Soluble and Precipitated Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Pharm Res 2019; 36:184. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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174
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Zhang C, Springall JS, Wang X, Barman I. Rapid, quantitative determination of aggregation and particle formation for antibody drug conjugate therapeutics with label-free Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1081:138-145. [PMID: 31446951 PMCID: PMC6750807 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lot release and stability testing of biologics are essential parts of the quality control strategy for ensuring therapeutic material dosed to patients is safe and efficacious, and consistent with previous clinical and toxicological experience. Characterization of protein aggregation is of particular significance, as aggregates may lose the intrinsic pharmaceutical properties as well as engage with the immune system instigating undesirable downstream immunogenicity. While important, real-time identification and quantification of subvisible particles in the monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug products remains inaccessible with existing techniques due to limitations in measurement time, sensitivity or experimental conditions. Here, owing to its exquisite molecular specificity, non-perturbative nature and lack of sample preparation requirements, we propose label-free Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate analysis as a solution to this unmet need. By leveraging subtle, but consistent, differences in vibrational modes of the biologics, we have developed a support vector machine-based regression model that provides fast, accurate prediction for a wide range of protein aggregations. Moreover, in blinded experiments, the model shows the ability to precisely differentiate between aggregation levels in mAb like product samples pre- and post-isothermal incubation, where an increase in aggregate levels was experimentally determined. In addition to offering fresh insights into mAb like product-specific aggregation mechanisms that can improve engineering of new protein therapeutics, our results highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy as an in-line analytical tool for monitoring protein particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy S Springall
- AstraZeneca, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Biopharmaceutical Product Development, Analytical Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- AstraZeneca, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Biopharmaceutical Product Development, Analytical Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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175
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Sun X, Ferguson HN, Hagerman AE. Conformation and Aggregation of Human Serum Albumin in the Presence of Green Tea Polyphenol (EGCg) and/or Palmitic Acid. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110705. [PMID: 31694323 PMCID: PMC6920801 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) may have roles in preventing some chronic diseases when they are ingested as components of plant-based foods and beverages. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a multi-domain protein that binds various ligands and aids in their transport, distribution, and metabolism in the circulatory system. In the present study, the HSA-EGCg interaction in the absence or presence of fatty acid has been investigated. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to determine inter- and intra-domain distances in the protein with and without EGCg and palmitic acid (PA). By labeling Cys-34 with 7-(diethyl amino)-4-methylcoumarin 3-maleimide (CPM), the distance between Trp-214 at domain IIA and CPM-Cys-34 at domain IA could be established. A small amount of PA decreased the distance, while a large amount increased the distance up to 5.4 Å. EGCg increased the inter-domain distance in HSA and HSA-PA up to 2.8 and 7.6 Å, respectively. We concluded that PA affects protein conformation more significantly compared to EGCg. Circular dichroism (CD) established that EGCg affects protein secondary structure more significantly than PA. PA had little effect on the α-helix content of HSA, while EGCg decreased the α-helix content in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, EGCg decreased α-helix content in HSA and HSA-PA to the same level. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data revealed that both PA and EGCg increased HSA aggregation. EGCg increased HSA aggregation more significantly and promoted formation of aggregates that were more heterogenous. Any of these effects could impact the ability of serum albumin to transport and stabilize ligands including EGCg and other polyphenols.
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176
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Determination of interactions between antibody biotherapeutics and copper by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:252-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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177
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Tosstorff A, Svilenov H, Peters GH, Harris P, Winter G. Structure-based discovery of a new protein-aggregation breaking excipient. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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178
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Jin W, Xing Z, Song Y, Huang C, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Protein aggregation and mitigation strategy in low pH viral inactivation for monoclonal antibody purification. MAbs 2019; 11:1479-1491. [PMID: 31441367 PMCID: PMC6816434 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1658493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant amounts of soluble product aggregates were observed during low-pH viral inactivation (VI) scale-up for an IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb IgG4-N1), while small-scale experiments in the same condition showed negligible aggregation. Poor mixing and product exposure to low pH were identified as the root cause. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the problem, protein aggregation properties were studied by varying critical parameters including pH, hold time and protein concentration. Comprehensive biophysical characterization of product monomers and aggregates was performed using fluorescence-size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning fluorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Results showed IgG4-N1 partially unfolds at about pH 3.3 where the product molecules still exist largely as monomers owing to strong inter-molecular repulsions and favorable colloidal stability. In the subsequent neutralization step, however, the conformationally changed monomers are prone to aggregation due to weaker inter-molecular repulsions following the pH transition from 3.3 to 5.5. Surface charge calculations using homology modeling suggested that intra-molecular repulsions, especially between CH2 domains, may contribute to the IgG4-N1 unfolding at ≤ pH 3.3. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was employed to simulate the conditions of pH titration to reduce the risk of aggregate formation. The low-pH zones during acid addition were characterized using CFD modeling and correlated to the condition causing severe product aggregation. The CFD tool integrated with the mAb solution properties was used to optimize the VI operating parameters for successful scale-up demonstration. Our research revealed the governing aggregation mechanism for IgG4-N1 under acidic conditions by linking its molecular properties and various process-related parameters to macroscopic aggregation phenomena. This study also provides useful insights into the cause and mitigation of low-pH-induced IgG4 aggregation in downstream VI operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Jin
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Zizhuo Xing
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
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179
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Brown CJ, Woodall DW, El-Baba TJ, Clemmer DE. Characterizing Thermal Transitions of IgG with Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2438-2445. [PMID: 31363989 PMCID: PMC6866664 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Variable temperature electrospray ionization (ESI) is coupled with mass spectrometry techniques in order to investigate structural transitions of monoclonal antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) in a 100-mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.0) solution from 26 to 70 °C. At 26 °C, the mass spectrum for intact IgG shows six charge states + 22 to + 26. Upon increasing the solution temperature, the fraction of low-charge states decreases and new, higher-charge state ions are observed. Upon analysis, it appears that heating the solution aids in desolvation of the intact IgG precursor. Above ~ 50 °C, a cleavage event between the light and heavy chains is observed. An analysis of the kinetics for these processes at different temperatures yields transition state thermochemistry of ΔH‡ = 95 ± 10 kJ mol-1, ΔS‡ = 8 ± 1 J mol-1 K-1, and ΔG‡ = 92 ± 11 kJ mol-1. The mechanism for light chain dissociation appears to involve disulfide bond scrambling that ultimately results in a non-native Cys199-Cys217 disulfide bond in the light chain product. Above ~ 70 °C, we are unable to produce a stable ESI signal. The loss of signal is ascribed to aggregation that is primarily associated with the remaining portion of the antibody after having lost the light chain. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - Daniel W Woodall
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA.
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180
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Wälchli R, Vermeire PJ, Massant J, Arosio P. Accelerated Aggregation Studies of Monoclonal Antibodies: Considerations for Storage Stability. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:595-602. [PMID: 31676272 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of mAbs is a crucial concern with respect to their safety and efficacy. Among the various properties of protein aggregates, it is emerging that their size can potentially impact their immunogenicity. Therefore, stability studies of antibody formulations should not only evaluate the rate of monomer loss but also determine the size distribution of the protein aggregates, which in turn depends on the aggregation mechanism. Here, we study the aggregation behavior of different formulations of 2 monoclonal immunoglobulins (IgGs) in the temperature range from 5°C to 50°C over 52 weeks of storage. We show that the aggregation kinetics of both antibodies follow non-Arrhenius behavior and that the aggregation mechanisms change between 40°C and 5°C, leading to different types of aggregates. Specifically, for a given monomer conversion, dimer formation dominates at low temperatures, while larger aggregates are formed at higher temperatures. We further show that the stability ranking of different molecules as well as of different formulations is drastically different at 40°C and 5°C while it correlates better between 30°C and 5°C. Our findings have implications for the level of information provided by accelerated aggregation studies with respect to protein stability under storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Wälchli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pieter-Jan Vermeire
- UCB Pharma, BioTech Sciences, Formulation Development, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jan Massant
- UCB Pharma, BioTech Sciences, Formulation Development, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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181
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Handl A, López-Lorente ÁI, Handrick R, Mizaikoff B, Hesse F. Infrared attenuated total reflection and 2D fluorescence spectroscopy for the discrimination of differently aggregated monoclonal antibodies. Analyst 2019; 144:6334-6341. [PMID: 31553337 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00424f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibody aggregates may occur as undesirable by-products during the manufacturing process of biopharmaceutical proteins since parameters such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, protein concentration, oxygen, and shear forces can lead to aggregate formation. These aggregates have to be detected, quantified and removed cost extensively, since they may reduce the safety and efficacy of the product. Protein aggregates can range from small soluble dimers up to large visible agglomerates. Differently aggregated antibody samples were characterized for their soluble and insoluble aggregate concentration by size exclusion chromatography and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. The samples exhibited a high diversity of protein aggregates, which varied in amount, size and shape. For secondary structure characterization, infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) and two-dimensional fluorescence (2D-FL) spectroscopy were applied. Using direct spectroscopy, only marginal differences of various antibody aggregates were evident. However, using appropriate chemometric strategies, the evaluation of IR-ATR and 2D-FL spectra yielded the discrimination of differently aggregated antibody samples with yet unprecedented precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Handl
- Biberach University, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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182
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Kumar A, Bhakuni K, Venkatesu P. Strategic planning of proteins in ionic liquids: future solvents for the enhanced stability of proteins against multiple stresses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23269-23282. [PMID: 31621726 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04772g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) present a vast number of solvents capable of replacing toxic organic solvents in chemical, biotechnology and biomedical applications. ILs are inexpensive and environmentally friendly as the materials can be recycled conveniently. Chemists use a variety of cation and anion combinations to produce an IL that fits the requirements of the sustainable future through the pursuit of greener chemical processes. As such, the development of various types of ILs has been recognized as the emergence of environmentally friendly solvents to attain enhanced protein stability in vitro. The literature survey reveals that there exist a large number of scholarly articles as well as elegant reviews on protein stability in ILs. Biomolecules have adapted to antagonistic environmental stresses that normally denature proteins, and the mechanism of adaptation that protects the cellular components against denaturation involves the intracellular concentration of co-solvents. In this regard, recent experimental results distinctly demonstrated that ILs are stabilizing proteins against denaturing stresses, and their presence in the cells does not alter protein functional activities. However, a review focusing particularly on the refolding and counteracting effects of the ILs against denatured proteins by multiple stresses is still missing. This perspective unveils the studies that have been conducted to improve protein stabilities with ILs as well as the refolding and counteracting abilities of these ILs against the denatured proteins under the influence of multiple stresses. We believe that ILs can provide significant environmental and economic advantages for biochemical processes in the near future. Essentially, numerous investigations are required to allow us to further explore the stabilizing properties of ILs over proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India.
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183
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Moore-Kelly C, Welsh J, Rodger A, Dafforn TR, Thomas ORT. Automated High-Throughput Capillary Circular Dichroism and Intrinsic Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Rapid Determination of Protein Structure. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13794-13802. [PMID: 31584804 PMCID: PMC7006967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Assessing
the physical stability of proteins is one of the most
important challenges in the development, manufacture, and formulation
of biotherapeutics. Here, we describe a method for combining and automating
circular dichroism and intrinsic protein fluorescence spectroscopy.
By robotically injecting samples from a 96-well plate into an optically
compliant capillary flow cell, complementary information about the
secondary and tertiary structural state of a protein can be collected
in an unattended manner from considerably reduced volumes of sample
compared to conventional techniques. We demonstrate the accuracy and
reproducibility of this method. Furthermore, we show how structural
screening can be used to monitor unfolding of proteins in two case
studies using (i) a chaotropic denaturant (urea) and (ii) low-pH buffers
used for monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification during Protein A chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Welsh
- Pall Biotech , Southampton Road , Portsmouth , PO6 4BQ , U.K
| | - Alison Rodger
- Department of Molecular Sciences , Macquarie University , Macquarie Park , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
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184
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Neural network–based fingerprinting of monoclonal antibody aggregation using biolayer interferometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:2177-2186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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185
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Haghighi-Poodeh S, Navidpour L, Yaghmaei P, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Monocyclic phenolic compounds stabilize human insulin and suppress its amorphous aggregation: In vitro and in vivo study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:362-367. [PMID: 31431258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is a small protein with 51 residues that mediates glucose uptake, and an interesting model for studying protein misfolding and aggregation. The aggregated forms of insulin undergo loss of activity and can provoke unwanted immune responses. Use of small molecules is considered to be an affordable method to counteract this aggregation process and stabilize insulin. In this study, aggregated forms of human recombinant insulin have been produced following exposure to high temperature. Aggregation process was followed over time by checking absorbance with spectrophotometry in presence and absence of various concentrations of small phenolic compounds including eugenol and epinephrine. Effects of these compounds on the structure and function of incubated insulin were evaluated by spectrofluorimetry, melting temperature (Tm) measurement and insulin tolerance test on Wistar rats. Formation of heat-induced insulin aggregation can be effectively inhibited by 1 mM eugenol and epinephrine and both compounds were found to preserve insulin activity to a considerable extent. In conclusion, simple aromatic compounds could be tailored to act as potent anti-aggregation compounds for insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Haghighi-Poodeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Latifeh Navidpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran.
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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186
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Formulation Composition and Process Affect Counterion for CSP7 Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100498. [PMID: 31569515 PMCID: PMC6835953 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Counterions commonly remain with peptides in salt form after peptide purification. In animal and human studies, acetate counterions are a safer and more acceptable choice for peptides than others (e.g., trifluoroacetate counterions). Various salt forms of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSP7) affect counterion volatilization. The development of lyophilized formulations containing volatile compounds is a challenge because these compounds sublimate away during the process. This work aims to investigate the effect of excipients and lyophilization parameters on the preservation of volatile compounds after lyophilization. The peak areas obtained from 1H and 19F NMR spectra were used to calculate the molar ratio of counterions to CSP7. We found that the pH modifier excipient had the greatest impact on the loss of counterions. By optimizing the molar ratio of bulking agent to CSP7, volatile compounds can be preserved after lyophilization. Higher chamber pressure during lyophilization can lower the sublimation rate of volatile compounds. Moreover, the loss of volatile compounds affects the stability of CSP7 due to the pH shift of reconstituted solutions, thereby causing peptide aggregation. The optimization of the formulation and processing helps preserve volatile compounds, thus minimizing the pH change of reconstituted solutions and maintaining the stability of peptide.
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187
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Xu AY, Castellanos MM, Mattison K, Krueger S, Curtis JE. Studying Excipient Modulated Physical Stability and Viscosity of Monoclonal Antibody Formulations Using Small-Angle Scattering. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4319-4338. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yuanyuan Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Maria Monica Castellanos
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Kevin Mattison
- Malvern Panalytical, 117 Flanders Road, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, United States
| | - Susan Krueger
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Joseph E. Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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188
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Le-Minh V, Tran N, Makky A, Rosilio V, Taverna M, Smadja C. Capillary zone electrophoresis-native mass spectrometry for the quality control of intact therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:375-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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189
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Chung JH, Hong SH, Seo N, Kim TS, An HJ, Lee P, Shin EC, Kim HM. Structure-based glycoengineering of interferon lambda 4 enhances its productivity and anti-viral potency. Cytokine 2019; 125:154833. [PMID: 31479875 PMCID: PMC7129780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based glycoengineering was applied to improve IFNλ4′s expression level. Model of IFNλ4 signaling complex was used to select de novo N-glycosylation sites. Glycoengineered IFNλ4 variants showed enhanced expression and anti-viral activity.
Interferon lambda 4 (IFNλ4) has been recently known and studied for its role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but its clinical potential is significantly hampered due to its poor expression in vitro. Our study reports the successful production of IFNλ4 from a mammalian cell line through a glycoengineering and structure-based approach. We introduced de novo N-glycosylation of IFNλ4, guided by structural analysis, and produced IFNλ4 variants in Expi293F that displayed improved expression and potency. To preserve the structure and functionality of IFNλ4, the model structure of the IFNλ4 signaling complex was analyzed and the N-glycosylation candidate sites were selected. The receptor binding activity of engineered IFNλ4 variants and their receptor-mediated signaling pathway were similar to the E. coli version of IFNλ4 (eIFNλ4), while the antiviral activity and induction levels of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) were all more robust in our variants. Our engineered IFNλ4 variants may be further developed for clinical applications and utilized in basic research to decipher the immunological roles of IFNλ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Seo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Shin Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Pedro Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea.
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190
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Hung JJ, Zeno WF, Chowdhury AA, Dear BJ, Ramachandran K, Nieto MP, Shay TY, Karouta CA, Hayden CC, Cheung JK, Truskett TM, Stachowiak JC, Johnston KP. Self-diffusion of a highly concentrated monoclonal antibody by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: insight into protein-protein interactions and self-association. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6660-6676. [PMID: 31389467 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at high concentration provides insight into protein microstructure and protein-protein interactions (PPI) that influence solution viscosity and protein stability. At high concentration, interpretation of the collective-diffusion coefficient Dc, as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), is highly challenging given the complex hydrodynamics and PPI at close spacings. In contrast, self-diffusion of a tracer particle by Brownian motion is simpler to understand. Herein, we develop fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) for the measurement of the long-time self-diffusion of mAb2 over a wide range of concentrations and viscosities in multiple co-solute formulations with varying PPI. The normalized self-diffusion coefficient D0/Ds (equal to the microscopic relative viscosity ηeff/η0) was found to be smaller than η/η0. Smaller ratios of the microscopic to macroscopic viscosity (ηeff/η) are attributed to a combination of weaker PPI and less self-association. The interaction parameters extracted from fits of D0/Ds with a length scale dependent viscosity model agree with previous measurements of PPI by SLS and SAXS. Trends in the degree of self-association, estimated from ηeff/η with a microviscosity model, are consistent with oligomer sizes measured by SLS. Finally, measurements of collective diffusion and osmotic compressibility were combined with FCS data to demonstrate that the changes in self-diffusion between formulations are due primarily to changes in the protein-protein friction in these systems, and not to protein-solvent friction. Thus, FCS is a robust and accessible technique for measuring mAb self-diffusion, and, by extension, microviscosity, PPI and self-association that govern mAb solution dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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191
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Schrag JD, Picard MÈ, Gaudreault F, Gagnon LP, Baardsnes J, Manenda MS, Sheff J, Deprez C, Baptista C, Hogues H, Kelly JF, Purisima EO, Shi R, Sulea T. Binding symmetry and surface flexibility mediate antibody self-association. MAbs 2019; 11:1300-1318. [PMID: 31318308 PMCID: PMC6748613 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1632114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution stability is an important factor in the optimization of engineered biotherapeutic candidates such as monoclonal antibodies because of its possible effects on manufacturability, pharmacology, efficacy and safety. A detailed atomic understanding of the mechanisms governing self-association of natively folded protein monomers is required to devise predictive tools to guide screening and re-engineering along the drug development pipeline. We investigated pairs of affinity-matured full-size antibodies and observed drastically different propensities to aggregate from variants differing by a single amino-acid. Biophysical testing showed that antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) from the aggregating antibodies also reversibly associated with equilibrium dissociation constants in the low-micromolar range. Crystal structures (PDB accession codes 6MXR, 6MXS, 6MY4, 6MY5) and bottom-up hydrogen-exchange mass spectrometry revealed that Fab self-association occurs in a symmetric mode that involves the antigen complementarity-determining regions. Subtle local conformational changes incurred upon point mutation of monomeric variants foster formation of complementary polar interactions and hydrophobic contacts to generate a dimeric Fab interface. Testing of popular in silico tools generally indicated low reliabilities for predicting the aggregation propensities observed. A structure-aggregation data set is provided here in order to stimulate further improvements of in silico tools for prediction of native aggregation. Incorporation of intermolecular docking, conformational flexibility, and short-range packing interactions may all be necessary features of the ideal algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Schrag
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Picard
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand , Québec City, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Francis Gaudreault
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
| | - Louis-Patrick Gagnon
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
| | - Jason Baardsnes
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
| | - Mahder S Manenda
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand , Québec City, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Joey Sheff
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , ON K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Christophe Deprez
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
| | - Cassio Baptista
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
| | - Hervé Hogues
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
| | - John F Kelly
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , ON K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Enrico O Purisima
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
| | - Rong Shi
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand , Québec City, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Traian Sulea
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Montreal , QC H4P 2R2 , Canada
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192
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Austerberry JI, Thistlethwaite A, Fisher K, Golovanov AP, Pluen A, Esfandiary R, van der Walle CF, Warwicker J, Derrick JP, Curtis R. Arginine to Lysine Mutations Increase the Aggregation Stability of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment through Unfolded-State Interactions. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3413-3421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James I. Austerberry
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Thistlethwaite
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Golovanov
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Pluen
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Esfandiary
- Dosage Form Design & Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | - Jim Warwicker
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P. Derrick
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Curtis
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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193
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Concentration Effects in the Interaction of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) with their Immediate Environment Characterized by EPR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142528. [PMID: 31295948 PMCID: PMC6680867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are often needed and applied in high concentration solutions, >100 mg/mL. Due to close intermolecular distances between mAbs at high concentrations (~10–20 nm at 200 mg/mL), intermolecular interactions between mAbs and mAbs and solvent/co-solute molecules become non-negligible. Here, EPR spectroscopy is used to study the high-concentration solutions of mAbs and their effect on co-solvated small molecules, using EPR “spin probing” assay in aqueous and buffered solutions. Such, information regarding the surrounding environments of mAbs at high concentrations were obtained and comparisons between EPR-obtained micro-viscosities (rotational correlation times) and macroscopic viscosities measured by rheology were possible. In comparison with highly viscous systems like glycerol-water mixtures, it was found that up to concentrations of 50 mg/mL, the mAb-spin probe systems have similar trends in their macro- (rheology) and micro-viscosities (EPR), whereas at very high concentrations they deviate strongly. The charged spin probes sense an almost unchanged aqueous solution even at very high concentrations, which in turn indicates the existence of large solvent regions that despite their proximity to large mAbs essentially offer pure water reservoirs for co-solvated charged molecules. In contrast, in buffered solutions, amphiphilic spin probes like TEMPO interact with the mAb network, due to slight charge screening. The application of EPR spectroscopy in the present work has enabled us to observe and discriminate between electrostatic and hydrophobic kinds of interactions and depict the potential underlying mechanisms of network formation at high concentrations of mAbs. These findings could be of importance as well for the development of liquid-liquid phase separations often observed in highly concentrated protein solutions.
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194
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Navarro S, Ventura S. Computational re-design of protein structures to improve solubility. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1077-1088. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1637413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Parc de Recerca UAB, Mòdul B, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Parc de Recerca UAB, Mòdul B, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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195
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Identification of IgG1 Aggregation Initiation Region by Hydrogen Deuterium Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2323-2333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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196
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Kerr RA, Keire DA, Ye H. The impact of standard accelerated stability conditions on antibody higher order structure as assessed by mass spectrometry. MAbs 2019; 11:930-941. [PMID: 30913973 PMCID: PMC6601562 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1599632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutic higher order structure (HOS) is a quality attribute that can be assessed to help predict shelf life. To model product shelf-life values, possible sample-dependent pathways of degradation that may affect drug efficacy or safety need to be evaluated. As changes in drug thermal stability over time can be correlated with an increased risk of HOS perturbations, the effect of long-term storage on the product should be measured as a function of temperature. Here, complementary high-resolution mass spectrometry methods for HOS analysis were used to identify storage-dependent changes of biotherapeutics (bevacizumab (Avastin), trastuzumab (Herceptin), rituximab (Rituxan), and the NIST reference material 8671 (NISTmAb)) under accelerated or manufacturer-recommended storage conditions. Collision-induced unfolding ion mobility-mass spectrometry data showed changes in monoclonal antibody folded stability profiles that were consistent with the appearance of a characteristic unfolded population. Orthogonal hydrogen-deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry data revealed that the observed changes in unfolding occurred in parallel to changes in HOS localized to the periphery of the hinge region. Using intact reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified several mass species indicative of peptide backbone hydrolysis, located between the variable and constant domains of the heavy chain of bevacizumab. Taken together, our data highlighted the capability of these approaches to identify age- or temperature-dependent changes in biotherapeutic HOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Kerr
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, USA
| | - David A. Keire
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, USA
| | - Hongping Ye
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, USA
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197
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Calero-Rubio C, Saluja A, Sahin E, Roberts CJ. Predicting High-Concentration Interactions of Monoclonal Antibody Solutions: Comparison of Theoretical Approaches for Strongly Attractive Versus Repulsive Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5709-5720. [PMID: 31241333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonspecific protein-protein interactions of a monoclonal antibody were quantified experimentally using light scattering from low to high protein concentrations (c2) and compared with prior work for a different antibody that yielded qualitatively different behavior. The c2 dependence of the excess Rayleigh ratio (Rex) provided the osmotic second virial coefficient (B22) at low c2 and the static structure factor (Sq=0) at high c2, as a function of solution pH, total ionic strength (TIS), and sucrose concentration. Net repulsive interactions were observed at pH 5, with weaker repulsions at higher TIS. Conversely, attractive electrostatic interactions were observed at pH 6.5, with weaker attractions at higher TIS. Refined coarse-grained models were used to fit model parameters using experimental B22 versus TIS data. The parameters were used to predict high-c2 Rex values via Monte Carlo simulations and separately with Mayer-sampling calculations of higher-order virial coefficients. For both methods, predictions for repulsive to mildly attractive conditions were quantitatively accurate. However, only qualitatively accurate predictions were practical for strongly attractive conditions. An alternative, higher resolution model was used to show semiquantitatively and quantitatively accurate predictions of strong electrostatic attractions at low c2 and low ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Atul Saluja
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Erinc Sahin
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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198
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Investigating the Influence of Polysorbate 20/80 and Polaxomer P188 on the Surface & Interfacial Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin and Lysozyme. Pharm Res 2019; 36:107. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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199
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Chu C, Su M, Zhu J, Li D, Cheng H, Chen X, Liu G. Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticle-Based Biomineralization: A New Strategy toward Cancer Treatment. Theranostics 2019; 9:3134-3149. [PMID: 31244946 PMCID: PMC6567975 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment using functional proteins, DNA/RNA, or complex bio-entities is important in both preclinical and clinical studies. With the help of nano-delivery systems, these biomacromolecules can enrich cancer tissues to match the clinical requirements. Biomineralization via a self-assembly process has been widely applied to provide biomacromolecules exoskeletal-like protection for immune shielding and preservation of bioactivity. Advanced metal-organic framework nanoparticles (MOFs) are excellent supporting matrices due to the low toxicity of polycarboxylic acids and metals, high encapsulation efficiency, and moderate synthetic conditions. In this review, we study MOFs-based biomineralization for cancer treatment and summarize the unique properties of MOF hybrids. We also evaluate the outlook of potential cancer treatment applications for MOFs-based biomineralization. This strategy likely opens new research orientations for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Trigo D, Nadais A, da Cruz e Silva OA. Unravelling protein aggregation as an ageing related process or a neuropathological response. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:67-77. [PMID: 30763619 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is normally associated with amyloidosis, namely motor neurone, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or prion diseases. However, recent results have unveiled a concept of gradual increase of protein aggregation associated with the ageing process, apparently not necessarily associated with pathological conditions. Given that protein aggregation is sufficient to activate stress-response and inflammation, impairing protein synthesis and quality control mechanisms, the former is assumed to negatively affect cellular metabolism and behaviour. In this review the state of the art in protein aggregation research is discussed, namely the relationship between pathology and proteostasis. The role of pathology and ageing in overriding protein quality-control mechanisms, and consequently, the effect of these faulty cellular processes on pathological and healthy ageing, are also addressed.
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