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Villarreal-Rosas J, Brown CJ, Andradi-Brown DA, Domínguez R, Jacobo P, Martínez A, Mascote C, Najera E, Paiz Y, Vázquez Moran VH, Villarreal J, Adame MF. Integrating socioeconomic and ecological data into restoration practice. Conserv Biol 2024:e14286. [PMID: 38708866 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Driven by the United Nations Decade on Restoration and international funding initiatives, such as the Mangrove Breakthrough, investment in mangrove restoration is expected to increase. Yet, mangrove restoration efforts frequently fail, usually because of ad hoc site-selection processes that do not consider mangrove ecology and the socioeconomic context. Using decision analysis, we developed an approach that accounts for socioeconomic and ecological data to identify sites with the highest likelihood of mangrove restoration success. We applied our approach in the Biosphere Reserve Marismas Nacionales Nayarit, Mexico, an area that recently received funding for implementing mangrove restoration actions. We identified 468 potential restoration sites, assessed their restorability potential based on socioeconomic and ecological metrics, and ranked sites for implementation with spatial optimization. The metrics we used included favorable conditions for propagules to establish and survive under sea-level rise, provision of ecosystem services, and community dynamics. Sites that were selected based on socioeconomic or ecological metrics alone had lower likelihood of mangrove restoration success than sites that were selected based on integrated socioeconomic and ecological metrics. For example, selecting sites based on only socioeconomic metrics captured 16% of the maximum attainable value of functioning mangroves able to provide propagules to potential restoration sites, whereas selecting sites based on ecological and socioeconomic metrics captured 46% of functioning mangroves. Our approach was developed as part of a collaboration between nongovernmental organizations, local government, and academics under rapid delivery time lines given preexisting mangrove restoration implementation commitments. The systematic decision process we used integrated socioeconomic and ecological considerations even under short delivery deadlines, and our approach can be adapted to help mangrove restoration site-selection decisions elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Pilar Jacobo
- World Wildlife Fund, México, Mexico City, México
| | | | | | | | - Yves Paiz
- The Nature Conservancy, México, Merida, Mexico
| | | | | | - María F Adame
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Bell-James J, Foster R, Shumway N, Lovelock CE, Villarreal-Rosas J, Brown CJ, Andradi-Brown DA, Saunders MI, Waltham NJ, Fitzsimons JA. The Global Biodiversity Framework's ecosystem restoration target requires more clarity and careful legal interpretation. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:840-841. [PMID: 38519632 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bell-James
- TC Beirne School of Law, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Rose Foster
- TC Beirne School of Law, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Policy Futures, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Shumway
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Policy Futures, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaramar Villarreal-Rosas
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Megan I Saunders
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nathan J Waltham
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A Fitzsimons
- The Nature Conservancy, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- School of Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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3
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Griffiths LL, Williams J, Buelow CA, Tulloch VJ, Turschwell MP, Campbell MD, Harasti D, Connolly RM, Brown CJ. A data-driven approach to multiple-stressor impact assessment for a marine protected area. Conserv Biol 2024; 38:e14177. [PMID: 37668099 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The coastal environment is not managed in a way that considers the impact of cumulative threats, despite being subject to threats from all realms (marine, land, and atmosphere). Relationships between threats and species are often nonlinear; thus, current (linear) approaches to estimating the impact of threats may be misleading. We developed a data-driven approach to assessing cumulative impacts on ecosystems and applied it to explore nonlinear relationships between threats and a temperate reef fish community. We used data on water quality, commercial fishing, climate change, and indicators of recreational fishing and urbanization to build a cumulative threat map of the northern region in New South Wales, Australia. We used statistical models of fish abundance to quantify associations among threats and biophysical covariates and predicted where cumulative impacts are likely to have the greatest impact on fish. We also assessed the performance of no-take zones (NTZs), to protect fish from cumulative threats across 2 marine protected area networks (marine parks). Fishing had a greater impact on fish than water quality threats (i.e., percent increase above the mean for invertivores was 337% when fishing was removed and was 11% above the mean when water quality was removed inside NTZs), and fishing outside NTZs affected fish abundances inside NTZs. Quantifying the spatial influence of multiple threats enables managers to understand the multitude of management actions required to address threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Griffiths
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joel Williams
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christina A Buelow
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vivitskaia J Tulloch
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Max D Campbell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Harasti
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Guo M, Karimuddin AA, Liu G, Crump T, Brown CJ, Raval MJ, Phang PT, Ghuman A, Mok J, Sutherland JM. A cost-utility study of elective haemorrhoidectomies in Canada. Colorectal Dis 2024; 26:527-533. [PMID: 38247259 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to estimate the 10-year cost-utility of haemorrhoidectomy surgery with preference-based measures of health using Canadian health utility measures and costs. METHODS Patients undergoing elective haemorrhoidectomies by general and colorectal surgeons in British Columbia, Vancouver, between September 2015 and November 2022, completed preoperatively and postoperatively the EuroQol five-dimension five-level health-related quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) attributable to surgery were calculated by discounting preoperative and postoperative health utility values derived from the EQ-5D-5L. Costs were measured from a health system perspective which incorporated costs of hospital stay and specialists' fees. Results are presented in 2021 Canadian dollars. RESULTS Of 94 (47%) patients who completed both the preoperative and postoperative questionnaires, the mean gain in QALYs 10 years after surgery was 1.0609, assuming a 3.5% annual discounting rate. The average cost of the surgery was $3166. The average cost per QALY was $2985 when benefits of the surgery were assumed to accrue for 10 years. The cost per QALY was higher for women ($3821) compared with men ($2485). Participants over the age of 70 had the highest cost per QALY ($8079/QALY). CONCLUSIONS Haemorrhoidectomies have been associated with significant gains in health status and are inexpensive relative to the associated gains in quality of life based on patients' perspectives of their improvement in health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A A Karimuddin
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Liu
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Crump
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C J Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M J Raval
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P T Phang
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Ghuman
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Mok
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Sutherland
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Philippe GJB, Huang YH, Mittermeier A, Brown CJ, Kaas Q, Ramlan SR, Wang CK, Lane D, Loewer A, Troeira Henriques S, Craik DJ. Delivery to, and Reactivation of, the p53 Pathway in Cancer Cells Using a Grafted Cyclotide Conjugated with a Cell-Penetrating Peptide. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1197-1208. [PMID: 38174919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Peptides are promising drug modalities that can modulate protein-protein interactions, but their application is hampered by their limited ability to reach intracellular targets. Here, we improved the cytosolic delivery of a peptide blocking p53:MDM2/X interactions using a cyclotide as a stabilizing scaffold. We applied several design strategies to improve intracellular delivery and found that the conjugation of the lead cyclotide to the cyclic cell-penetrating peptide cR10 was the most effective. Conjugation allowed cell internalization at micromolar concentration and led to elevated intracellular p53 levels in A549, MCF7, and MCF10A cells, as well as inducing apoptosis in A549 cells without causing membrane disruption. The lead peptide had >35-fold improvement in inhibitory activity and increased cellular uptake compared to a previously reported cyclotide p53 activator. In summary, we demonstrated the delivery of a large polar cyclic peptide in the cytosol and confirmed its ability to modulate intracellular protein-protein interactions involved in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Jean-Baptiste Philippe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anna Mittermeier
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Siti Radhiah Ramlan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David Lane
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Alexander Loewer
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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6
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Chandramohan A, Josien H, Yuen TY, Duggal R, Spiegelberg D, Yan L, Juang YCA, Ge L, Aronica PG, Kaan HYK, Lim YH, Peier A, Sherborne B, Hochman J, Lin S, Biswas K, Nestor M, Verma CS, Lane DP, Sawyer TK, Garbaccio R, Henry B, Kannan S, Brown CJ, Johannes CW, Partridge AW. Design-rules for stapled peptides with in vivo activity and their application to Mdm2/X antagonists. Nat Commun 2024; 15:489. [PMID: 38216578 PMCID: PMC10786919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although stapled α-helical peptides can address challenging targets, their advancement is impeded by poor understandings for making them cell permeable while avoiding off-target toxicities. By synthesizing >350 molecules, we present workflows for identifying stapled peptides against Mdm2(X) with in vivo activity and no off-target effects. Key insights include a clear correlation between lipophilicity and permeability, removal of positive charge to avoid off-target toxicities, judicious anionic residue placement to enhance solubility/behavior, optimization of C-terminal length/helicity to enhance potency, and optimization of staple type/number to avoid polypharmacology. Workflow application gives peptides with >292x improved cell proliferation potencies and no off-target cell proliferation effects ( > 3800x on-target index). Application of these 'design rules' to a distinct Mdm2(X) peptide series improves ( > 150x) cellular potencies and removes off-target toxicities. The outlined workflow should facilitate therapeutic impacts, especially for those targets such as Mdm2(X) that have hydrophobic interfaces and are targetable with a helical motif.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tsz Ying Yuen
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, 138665, Singapore
| | | | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lin Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | | | - Lan Ge
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Pietro G Aronica
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | | | - Yee Hwee Lim
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, 138665, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | | | | | - Brian Henry
- MSD International, Singapore, 138665, Singapore.
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore.
| | | | - Charles W Johannes
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, 138665, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- EPOC Scientific LLC, Stoneham, MA, 02180, USA.
| | - Anthony W Partridge
- MSD International, Singapore, 138665, Singapore.
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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7
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Sievers M, Brown CJ, McGowan J, Turschwell MP, Buelow CA, Holgate B, Pearson RM, Adame MF, Andradi-Brown DA, Arnell A, Mackey BG, Ermgassen PSEZ, Gosling J, McOwen CJ, Worthington TA, Connolly RM. Co-occurrence of biodiversity, carbon storage, coastal protection, and fish and invertebrate production to inform global mangrove conservation planning. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166357. [PMID: 37595913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests support unique biodiversity and provide a suite of ecosystem services (ES) that benefit people. Decades of continual mangrove loss and degradation have necessitated global efforts to protect and restore this important ecosystem. Generating and evaluating asset maps of biodiversity and ES is an important precursor to identifying locations that can deliver conservation outcomes across varying scales, such as maximising the co-occurrence of specific ES. We bring together global datasets on mangrove-affiliated biodiversity, carbon stocks, fish and invertebrate production, and coastal protection to provide insight into potential trade-offs, synergies and opportunities from mangrove conservation. We map opportunities where high ES provision co-occurs with these areas that could be leveraged in conservation planning, and identify potential high-value opportunities for single ES that might otherwise be missed with a biodiversity focus. Hotspots of single ES, co-occurrence of multiple ES, and opportunities to simultaneously leverage biodiversity and ES occurred throughout the world. For example, efforts that focus on conserving or restoring mangroves to store carbon can be targed to deliver multiple ES benefits. Some nations, such as Vietnam, Oman, Ecuador and China, showed consistent (although not necessarily strong) correlations between ES pairs. A lack of clear or consistent spatial trends elsewhere suggests that some nations will likely benefit more from complementarity-based approaches that focus on multiple sites with high provision of different services. Individual sites within these nations, however, such as Laguna de Terminos in Mexico still provide valuable opportunities to leverage co-benefits. Ensuring that an ES focused approach is complemented by strategic spatial planning is a priority, and our analyses provide a precursor towards decisions about where and how to invest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - Jennifer McGowan
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 Fairfax Dr #100, Arlington, VA 22203, United States of America; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christina A Buelow
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Briana Holgate
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Maria F Adame
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Andy Arnell
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan G Mackey
- Griffith Climate Action Beacon, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philine S E Zu Ermgassen
- Changing Oceans Group, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Rd, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Gosling
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J McOwen
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Worthington
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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8
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Jelinska C, Kannan S, Frosi Y, Ramlan SR, Winnerdy F, Lakshminarayanan R, Johannes CW, Brown CJ, Phan AT, Rhodes D, Verma CS. Stitched peptides as potential cell permeable inhibitors of oncogenic DAXX protein. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:1096-1110. [PMID: 38033728 PMCID: PMC10685803 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DAXX (Death Domain Associated Protein 6) is frequently upregulated in various common cancers, and its suppression has been linked to reduced tumor progression. Consequently, DAXX has gained significant interest as a therapeutic target in such cancers. DAXX is known to function in several critical biological pathways including chromatin remodelling, transcription regulation, and DNA repair. Leveraging structural information, we have designed and developed a novel set of stapled/stitched peptides that specifically target a surface on the N-terminal helical bundle domain of DAXX. This surface serves as the anchor point for binding to multiple interaction partners, such as Rassf1C, p53, Mdm2, and ATRX, as well as for the auto-regulation of the DAXX N-terminal SUMO interaction motif (SIM). Our experiments demonstrate that these peptides effectively bind to and inhibit DAXX with a higher affinity than the known interaction partners. Furthermore, these peptides release the auto-inhibited SIM, enabling it to interact with SUMO-1. Importantly, we have developed stitched peptides that can enter cells, maintaining their intracellular concentrations at nanomolar levels even after 24 hours, without causing any membrane perturbation. Collectively, our findings suggest that these stitched peptides not only serve as valuable tools for probing the molecular interactions of DAXX but also hold potential as precursors to the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Jelinska
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine Building Level 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive 636921 Singapore
- NTU School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive 637551 Singapore
- NTU Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive 636921 Singapore
| | | | - Yuri Frosi
- DITL, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology (A*STAR), 8a Biomedical Grove 138648 Singapore
| | - Siti Radhiah Ramlan
- DITL, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology (A*STAR), 8a Biomedical Grove 138648 Singapore
| | - Fernaldo Winnerdy
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine Building Level 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive 636921 Singapore
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Ocular Infections and Anti-Microbials Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road Singapore 169856 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School 169857 Singapore
| | - Charles W Johannes
- DITL, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology (A*STAR), 8a Biomedical Grove 138648 Singapore
| | - Christopher J Brown
- DITL, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology (A*STAR), 8a Biomedical Grove 138648 Singapore
| | - Anh-Tuan Phan
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine Building Level 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive 636921 Singapore
- NTU School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. 21 Nanyang link 637371 Singapore
| | - Daniela Rhodes
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine Building Level 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive 636921 Singapore
- NTU School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive 637551 Singapore
- NTU Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive 636921 Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- NTU School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive 637551 Singapore
- Bioinformatics institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix Level 07-01 138671 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore Block S3 #05-01 16 Science Drive 4 117558 Singapore
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9
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Ostrowski A, Connolly RM, Brown CJ, Sievers M. Stressor fluctuations alter mechanisms of seagrass community responses relative to static stressors. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165865. [PMID: 37516181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are increasingly affected by multiple anthropogenic stressors that contribute to habitat degradation and loss. Natural ecosystems are highly dynamic, yet multiple stressor experiments often ignore variability in stressor intensity and do not consider how effects could be mediated across trophic levels, with implications for models that underpin stressor management. Here, we investigated the in situ effects of changes in stressor intensity (i.e., fluctuations) and synchronicity (i.e., timing of fluctuations) on a seagrass community, applying the stressors reduced light and physical disturbance to the sediment. We used structural equation models (SEMs) to identify causal effects of dynamic multiple stressors on seagrass shoot density and leaf surface area, and abundance of associated crustaceans. Responses depended on whether stressor intensities fluctuated or remained static. Relative to static stressor exposure at the end of the experiment, shoot density, leaf surface area, and crustacean abundance all declined under in-phase (synchronous; 17, 33, and 30 % less, respectively) and out-of-phase (asynchronous; 11, 28, and 39 % less, respectively) fluctuating treatments. Static treatment increased seagrass leaf surface area and crustacean abundance relative to the control group. We hypothesised that crustacean responses are mediated by changes in seagrass; however, causal analysis found only weak evidence for a mediation effect via leaf surface area. Changes in crustacean abundance, therefore, were primarily a direct response to stressors. Our results suggest that the mechanisms underpinning stress responses change when stressors fluctuate. For instance, increased leaf surface area under static stress could be caused by seagrass acclimating to low light, whereas no response under fluctuating stressors suggests an acclimation response was not triggered. The SEMs also revealed that community responses to the stressors can be independent of one another. Therefore, models based on static experiments may be representing ecological mechanisms not observed in natural ecosystems, and underestimating the impacts of stressors on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Ostrowski
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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10
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Kasper SH, Otten S, Squadroni B, Orr‐Terry C, Kuang Y, Mussallem L, Ge L, Yan L, Kannan S, Verma CS, Brown CJ, Johannes CW, Lane DP, Chandramohan A, Partridge AW, Roberts LR, Josien H, Therien AG, Hett EC, Howell BJ, Peier A, Ai X, Cassaday J. A high-throughput microfluidic mechanoporation platform to enable intracellular delivery of cyclic peptides in cell-based assays. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10542. [PMID: 37693049 PMCID: PMC10487316 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are poised to target historically difficult to drug intracellular protein-protein interactions, however, their general cell impermeability poses a challenge for characterizing function. Recent advances in microfluidics have enabled permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane by physical cell deformation (i.e., mechanoporation), resulting in intracellular delivery of impermeable macromolecules in vector- and electrophoretic-free approaches. However, the number of payloads (e.g., peptides) and/or concentrations delivered via microfluidic mechanoporation is limited by having to pre-mix cells and payloads, a manually intensive process. In this work, we show that cells are momentarily permeable (t 1/2 = 1.1-2.8 min) after microfluidic vortex shedding (μVS) and that lower molecular weight macromolecules can be cytosolically delivered upon immediate exposure after cells are processed/permeabilized. To increase the ability to screen peptides, we built a system, dispensing-microfluidic vortex shedding (DμVS), that integrates a μVS chip with inline microplate-based dispensing. To do so, we synced an electronic pressure regulator, flow sensor, on/off dispense valve, and an x-y motion platform in a software-driven feedback loop. Using this system, we were able to deliver low microliter-scale volumes of transiently mechanoporated cells to hundreds of wells on microtiter plates in just several minutes (e.g., 96-well plate filled in <2.5 min). We validated the delivery of an impermeable peptide directed at MDM2, a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, using a click chemistry- and NanoBRET-based cell permeability assay in 96-well format, with robust delivery across the full plate. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DμVS could be used to identify functional, low micromolar, cellular activity of otherwise cell-inactive MDM2-binding peptides using a p53 reporter cell assay in 96- and 384-well format. Overall, DμVS can be combined with downstream cell assays to investigate intracellular target engagement in a high-throughput manner, both for improving structure-activity relationship efforts and for early proof-of-biology of non-optimized peptide (or potentially other macromolecular) tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Kuang
- Merck & Co., Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Lan Ge
- Merck & Co., Inc.KenilworthNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lin Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc.KenilworthNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Chandra S. Verma
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | | | | | - David P. Lane
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Ai
- Merck & Co., Inc.KenilworthNew JerseyUSA
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11
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Brown CJ, Li Y, Sabapathy K. Editorial: Overcoming the cell membrane to target intracellular oncoproteins. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222095. [PMID: 37503327 PMCID: PMC10369770 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Peh G, Gunawan GA, Tay T, Tiong E, Tan LL, Jiang S, Goh YL, Ye S, Wong J, Brown CJ, Zhao H, Ang EL, Wong FT, Lim YH. Further Characterization of Fungal Halogenase RadH and Its Homologs. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1081. [PMID: 37509117 PMCID: PMC10377541 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RadH is one of the flavin-dependent halogenases that has previously exhibited promising catalytic activity towards hydroxycoumarin, hydroxyisoquinoline, and phenolic derivatives. Here, we evaluated new functional homologs of RadH and expanded its specificities for the halogenation of non-tryptophan-derived, heterocyclic scaffolds. Our investigation revealed that RadH could effectively halogenate hydroxyquinoline and hydroxybenzothiophene. Assay optimization studies revealed the need to balance the various co-factor concentrations and where a GDHi co-factor recycling system most significantly improves the conversion and efficiency of the reaction. A crystal structure of RadH was also obtained with a resolution of 2.4 Å, and docking studies were conducted to pinpoint the binding and catalytic sites for substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuangRong Peh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01, Singapore 138665, Singapore; (G.P.); (G.A.G.); (Y.L.G.); (S.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Gregory A. Gunawan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01, Singapore 138665, Singapore; (G.P.); (G.A.G.); (Y.L.G.); (S.Y.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos #07-01, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.T.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Terence Tay
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (T.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Elaine Tiong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos #07-01, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.T.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Lee Ling Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos #07-01, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.T.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Shimin Jiang
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Neuros/Immunos #06-04/05, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (S.J.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Yi Ling Goh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01, Singapore 138665, Singapore; (G.P.); (G.A.G.); (Y.L.G.); (S.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Suming Ye
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01, Singapore 138665, Singapore; (G.P.); (G.A.G.); (Y.L.G.); (S.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Joel Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01, Singapore 138665, Singapore; (G.P.); (G.A.G.); (Y.L.G.); (S.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Neuros/Immunos #06-04/05, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (S.J.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (T.T.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ee Lui Ang
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (T.T.); (H.Z.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Fong Tian Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01, Singapore 138665, Singapore; (G.P.); (G.A.G.); (Y.L.G.); (S.Y.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos #07-01, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.T.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Yee Hwee Lim
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01, Singapore 138665, Singapore; (G.P.); (G.A.G.); (Y.L.G.); (S.Y.); (J.W.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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13
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Brown CJ, Saint Ange C, Connolly RM, Hasan S, Jackson S, McMahon JM, Smart JCR. Ecosystem services in connected catchment to coast ecosystems: Monitoring to detect emerging trends. Sci Total Environ 2023; 869:161670. [PMID: 36657679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for long-term monitoring of ecosystems and their services to inform on-ground management. The supply of many ecosystem services relies on connections that span multiple ecosystems. Monitoring the underlying condition of interconnected ecosystems is therefore required to track effectiveness of past interventions and identify impending change. Here we test the performance of indicators of ecosystem services with the aim of identifying the time-scales over which indicators of ecosystem services responded to change. We chose a case-study of a catchment in Northern Australia, where water resource development is a threat to the river flows that support vegetation growth and the life-cycle of coastal fishery species. We developed a novel approach to performance testing that drew on state-space modelling to capture ecological dynamics, and structural equation modelling to capture covariation in indicator time series. We first quantified covariation among three ecological indicators that had time-series data: pasture biomass, vegetation greenness and barramundi catch per unit effort. Higher values of all indicators occurred in years with greater river flow. We then predicted the emergence times for each indicator, as the time taken for a trend in an indicator to emerge from the background of natural variation. Emergence times were > 10 years in all cases, quantified at 80 % and higher confidence levels. Past trends and current status of ecosystem service flows are often used by decision makers to directly inform near-term actions, particularly for provisioning services (such as barramundi catch) due to their important contribution to regional economies. We found that ecological indicators could be used to assess historical performance over decadal timespans, but not as short-term indicators of recent change. More generally, we offer an approach to performance testing of indicators. This approach could be useful for quantifying timescales of ecosystem response in systems where cross-ecosystem connections are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Chantal Saint Ange
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Syezlin Hasan
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Sue Jackson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph M McMahon
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - James C R Smart
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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14
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Fu Y, Brown CJ, Johnson JT, Marsh BM, Gilbert JR, Feng E, Kenttämaa HI. Modification of a Quadrupole/Orbitrap/Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Tribrid Mass Spectrometer for Diagnostic Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:426-434. [PMID: 36797211 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry based on diagnostic gas-phase ion-molecule reactions represents a robust method for functional group identification in unknown compounds. To date, most of these reactions have been studied using unit-resolution instruments, such as linear quadrupole ion traps and triple quadrupoles, which cannot be used to obtain elemental composition information for the species of interest. In this study, a high-resolution mass spectrometer, a quadrupole/orbitrap/linear quadrupole ion trap tribrid, was modified by installing a portable reagent inlet system to obtain high-resolution data for ion-molecule reactions. Examination of a previously published test system, the reaction between protonated 1,1'-sulfonyldiimizadole with 2-methoxypropene, demonstrated the ability to perform ion-molecule reactions on the modified tribrid mass spectrometer. High-resolution data were obtained for ion-molecule reactions of three isobaric ions (protonated glycylalanine, protonated glutamine, and protonated lysine) with diethylmethoxyborane. On the basis of these data, the isobaric ions can be differentiated based on both their measured accurate mass as well as the different product ions they generated upon the ion-molecule reactions. In a different experiment, analyte ions were subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID), and the structures of the resulting fragment ions were examined via diagnostic ion-molecule reactions. This experiment allows for the functional group interrogation of fragment ions and can be used to improve the understanding of the structures of fragment ions generated in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Joshua T Johnson
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Brett M Marsh
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Gilbert
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Erlu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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15
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Liu L, Johnson PD, Prime ME, Khetarpal V, Brown CJ, Anzillotti L, Bertoglio D, Chen X, Coe S, Davis R, Dickie AP, Esposito S, Gadouleau E, Giles PR, Greenaway C, Haber J, Halldin C, Haller S, Hayes S, Herbst T, Herrmann F, Heßmann M, Hsai MM, Khani Y, Kotey A, Lembo A, Mangette JE, Marriner GA, Marston RW, Mills MR, Monteagudo E, Forsberg-Morén A, Nag S, Orsatti L, Sandiego C, Schaertl S, Sproston J, Staelens S, Tookey J, Turner PA, Vecchi A, Veneziano M, Muñoz-Sanjuan I, Bard J, Dominguez C. Design and Evaluation of [ 18F]CHDI-650 as a Positron Emission Tomography Ligand to Image Mutant Huntingtin Aggregates. J Med Chem 2023; 66:641-656. [PMID: 36548390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions are being developed for Huntington's disease (HD), a hallmark of which is mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) aggregates. Following the advancement to human testing of two [11C]-PET ligands for aggregated mHTT, attributes for further optimization were identified. We replaced the pyridazinone ring of CHDI-180 with a pyrimidine ring and minimized off-target binding using brain homogenate derived from Alzheimer's disease patients. The major in vivo metabolic pathway via aldehyde oxidase was blocked with a 2-methyl group on the pyrimidine ring. A strategically placed ring-nitrogen on the benzoxazole core ensured high free fraction in the brain without introducing efflux. Replacing a methoxy pendant with a fluoro-ethoxy group and introducing deuterium atoms suppressed oxidative defluorination and accumulation of [18F]-signal in bones. The resulting PET ligand, CHDI-650, shows a rapid brain uptake and washout profile in non-human primates and is now being advanced to human testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Peter D Johnson
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Michael E Prime
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Vinod Khetarpal
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Luca Anzillotti
- Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30,600, Pomezia, Roma 00071, Italy
| | - Daniele Bertoglio
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Curia Global, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Samuel Coe
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Randall Davis
- Curia Global, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Anthony P Dickie
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Simone Esposito
- Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30,600, Pomezia, Roma 00071, Italy
| | - Elise Gadouleau
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Paul R Giles
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Catherine Greenaway
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - James Haber
- Curia Global, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Scott Haller
- Charles River Laboratories, 54943 North Main Street, Mattawan, Michigan 49071, United States
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Todd Herbst
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Frank Herrmann
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Manuela Heßmann
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Ming Min Hsai
- Curia Global, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Yaser Khani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Adrian Kotey
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Angelo Lembo
- Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30,600, Pomezia, Roma 00071, Italy
| | - John E Mangette
- Curia Global, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Gwendolyn A Marriner
- Charles River Laboratories, 54943 North Main Street, Mattawan, Michigan 49071, United States
| | - Richard W Marston
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Matthew R Mills
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Anton Forsberg-Morén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Laura Orsatti
- Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30,600, Pomezia, Roma 00071, Italy
| | - Christine Sandiego
- Invicro, 60 Temple St, Ste 8A, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Sabine Schaertl
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Joanne Sproston
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jack Tookey
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Penelope A Turner
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30,600, Pomezia, Roma 00071, Italy
| | - Maria Veneziano
- Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30,600, Pomezia, Roma 00071, Italy
| | - Ignacio Muñoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Jonathan Bard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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16
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Ostrowski A, Connolly RM, Brown CJ, Sievers M. Fluctuating fortunes: Stressor synchronicity and fluctuating intensity influence biological impacts. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2611-2623. [PMID: 36217804 PMCID: PMC9828260 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems remain under enormous pressure from multiple anthropogenic stressors. Manipulative experiments evaluating stressor interactions and impacts mostly apply stressors under static conditions without considering how variable stressor intensity (i.e. fluctuations) and synchronicity (i.e. timing of fluctuations) affect biological responses. We ask how variable stressor intensity and synchronicity, and interaction type, can influence how multiple stressors affect seagrass. At the highest intensities, fluctuating stressors applied asynchronously reduced seagrass biomass 36% more than for static stressors, yet no such difference occurred for photosynthetic capacity. Testing three separate hypotheses to predict underlying drivers of differences in biological responses highlighted alternative modes of action dependent on how stressors fluctuated over time. Given that environmental conditions are constantly changing, assessing static stressors may lead to inaccurate predictions of cumulative effects. Translating multiple stressor experiments to the real world, therefore, requires considering variability in stressor intensity and the synchronicity of fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Ostrowski
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Rod M. Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
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17
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Sievers M, Brown CJ, Buelow CA, Hale R, Ostrowski A, Saunders MI, Silliman BR, Swearer SE, Turschwell MP, Valdez SR, Connolly RM. Greater Consideration of Animals Will Enhance Coastal Restoration Outcomes. Bioscience 2022; 72:1088-1098. [PMID: 36325106 PMCID: PMC9618274 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As efforts to restore coastal habitats accelerate, it is critical that investments are targeted to most effectively mitigate and reverse habitat loss and its impacts on biodiversity. One likely but largely overlooked impediment to effective restoration of habitat-forming organisms is failing to explicitly consider non-habitat-forming animals in restoration planning, implementation, and monitoring. These animals can greatly enhance or degrade ecosystem function, persistence, and resilience. Bivalves, for instance, can reduce sulfide stress in seagrass habitats and increase drought tolerance of saltmarsh vegetation, whereas megaherbivores can detrimentally overgraze seagrass or improve seagrass seed germination, depending on the context. Therefore, understanding when, why, and how to directly manipulate or support animals can enhance coastal restoration outcomes. In support of this expanded restoration approach, we provide a conceptual framework, incorporating lessons from structured decision-making, and describe potential actions that could lead to better restoration outcomes using case studies to illustrate practical approaches.
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18
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Zu C, Wang NX, Brown CJ, Yang Q, Gilbert JR. Investigation of fragmentation pathways of protonated 2-methoxypyrimidine derivatives. J Mass Spectrom 2022; 57:e4883. [PMID: 36073665 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several representative pyrimidine derivatives were selected to undergo electrospray ionization (ESI) followed by collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID MS/MS) experiments. Two competitive pathways were found to govern the formation of major fragment ions from protonated species of these molecules. The pathways were largely affected by the 2-O-methyl group but not significantly influenced by the substitution on C-5 site of the pyrimidine ring. These findings were supported by both deuterium labeling CID MS/MS experiments and theoretical calculations. The deuterium labeled pyrimidine ion molecules were generated in-source in ESI from the fully deuterated hydrazinyl pyrimidines, which were readily obtained through hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange when dissolved in deuterium oxide (D2 O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Zu
- Crop Protection Research and Development, Corteva Agriscience Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nick X Wang
- Crop Protection Research and Development, Corteva Agriscience Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Crop Protection Research and Development, Corteva Agriscience Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qiang Yang
- Crop Protection Research and Development, Corteva Agriscience Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Gilbert
- Crop Protection Research and Development, Corteva Agriscience Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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19
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King OC, van de Merwe JP, Brown CJ, Warne MSJ, Smith RA. Individual and combined effects of diuron and light reduction on marine microalgae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 241:113729. [PMID: 35667310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems such as those in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon, are exposed to stressors in flood plumes including low light (caused by increased turbidity) and agricultural pesticides. Photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides are the most frequently detected pesticides in the GBR lagoon, but it is not clear how their toxicity to phototrophic species depends on light availability. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of PSII-inhibiting herbicide, diuron, and reduced light intensity (as a proxy for increased turbidity) on the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Effective quantum yield (EQY) and cell density were measured to calculate responses relative to the controls over 72-h, in tests with varying stressor intensities. Individually, diuron concentrations (0.1-3 μg l-1) were not high enough to significantly reduce growth (cell density), but led to decreased EQY; while, low light generally led to increased EQY, but only reduced growth at the lowest tested light intensity (5 μmol photons m-2 s-1) after 48-hours. P. tricornutum was less affected by diuron when combined with low light scenarios, with increased EQY (up to 163% of the controls) that was likely due to increased electron transport per photon, despite lesser available photons at this low light intensity. In contrast, growth was completely inhibited relative to the controls when algae were simultaneously exposed to the highest stressor levels (3 μg l-1 diuron and 5 μmol photons m-2 s-1). This study highlights the importance of measuring more than one biological response variable to capture the combined effects of multiple stressors. Management of water quality stressors should consider combined impacts rather than just the impacts of individual stressors alone. Reducing suspended sediment and diuron concentrations in marine waters can decrease harmful effects and bring synergistic benefits to water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C King
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Michael St J Warne
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, West Midlands CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Rachael A Smith
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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20
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Wood K, Lyne A, O'Donnell K, Brown CJ, Parekh S, Monteiro J. Patient-reported outcome measures for children and adolescents having dental bleaching in the UK. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:579-586. [PMID: 35713847 PMCID: PMC9204681 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dental bleaching in paediatric patients can be used to address discolouration of teeth due to trauma, endodontic treatment, or enamel and dentine defects. Despite being a minimally invasive and successful treatment, the use of bleaching products in children and young people remains controversial. This evaluation was designed to provide insight into the child's perspective on dental bleaching and the influence that this treatment has upon their life. METHOD A dental bleaching patient reported outcome measure (PROM) was developed and piloted in 2019. Data were collected from 3 UK units (January-March 2020). Children attending these units for bleaching reviews were invited to complete the PROM. RESULTS Twenty seven PROM questionnaires were completed including 19 courses of external bleaching and 8 courses of internal/external bleaching. The average age was 14 years old (9-17 years). The common indications for bleaching were Amelogenesis Imperfecta, dental trauma and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation. Patients reported improvements in their appearance (89%) and self-confidence (81%). Sensitivity was the most common side effect, reported in 63% of cases. CONCLUSION This PROM supports the use of dental bleaching in children and young people when treating dental disease that causes discolouration. Bleaching not only improved the appearance of teeth, but also patients' self-confidence. Sensitivity is a common side effect and clinicians should discuss this common risk and its management with patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wood
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - A Lyne
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, London, UK
| | - K O'Donnell
- Newcastle Dental Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C J Brown
- Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Parekh
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - J Monteiro
- Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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21
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King OC, van de Merwe JP, Campbell MD, Smith RA, Warne MSJ, Brown CJ. Interactions among multiple stressors vary with exposure duration and biological response. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220348. [PMID: 35538782 PMCID: PMC9091850 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors. Effective management actions would be better informed from generalized predictions of the individual, combined and interactive effects of multiple stressors; however, few generalities are shared across different meta-analyses. Using an experimental study, we present an approach for analysing regression-based designs with generalized additive models that allowed us to capture nonlinear effects of exposure duration and stressor intensity and access interactions among stressors. We tested the approach on a globally distributed marine diatom, using 72 h photosynthesis and growth assays to quantify the individual and combined effects of three common water quality stressors; photosystem II-inhibiting herbicide exposure, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) enrichment and reduced light (due to excess suspended sediment). Exposure to DIN and reduced light generally resulted in additivity, while exposure to diuron and reduced light resulted in additive, antagonistic or synergistic interactions, depending on the stressor intensity, exposure period and biological response. We thus find the context of experimental studies to be a primary driver of interactions. The experimental and modelling approaches used here bridge the gap between two-way designs and regression-based studies, which provides a way forward to identify generalities in multiple stressor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. King
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Jason P. van de Merwe
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Max D. Campbell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Rachael A. Smith
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Michael St. J Warne
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia,Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia,Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, West Midlands, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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22
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Turschwell MP, Connolly SR, Schäfer RB, De Laender F, Campbell MD, Mantyka-Pringle C, Jackson MC, Kattwinkel M, Sievers M, Ashauer R, Côté IM, Connolly RM, van den Brink PJ, Brown CJ. Interactive effects of multiple stressors vary with consumer interactions, stressor dynamics and magnitude. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1483-1496. [PMID: 35478314 PMCID: PMC9320941 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the impacts of multiple stressors is important for informing ecosystem management but is impeded by a lack of a general framework for predicting whether stressors interact synergistically, additively or antagonistically. Here, we use process-based models to study how interactions generalise across three levels of biological organisation (physiological, population and consumer-resource) for a two-stressor experiment on a seagrass model system. We found that the same underlying processes could result in synergistic, additive or antagonistic interactions, with interaction type depending on initial conditions, experiment duration, stressor dynamics and consumer presence. Our results help explain why meta-analyses of multiple stressor experimental results have struggled to identify predictors of consistently non-additive interactions in the natural environment. Experiments run over extended temporal scales, with treatments across gradients of stressor magnitude, are needed to identify the processes that underpin how stressors interact and provide useful predictions to management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sean R Connolly
- Naos Marine Laboratories, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Quantitative Landscape Ecology, iES-Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Max D Campbell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada.,School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Mira Kattwinkel
- Quantitative Landscape Ecology, iES-Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Environment Department, University of York, York, UK.,Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle M Côté
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul J van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Buelow CA, Connolly RM, Turschwell MP, Adame MF, Ahmadia GN, Andradi-Brown DA, Bunting P, Canty SWJ, Dunic JC, Friess DA, Lee SY, Lovelock CE, McClure EC, Pearson RM, Sievers M, Sousa AI, Worthington TA, Brown CJ. Ambitious global targets for mangrove and seagrass recovery. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1641-1649.e3. [PMID: 35196506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to halt and reverse loss of mangroves and seagrass to protect and increase the ecosystem services they provide to coastal communities, such as enhancing coastal resilience and contributing to climate stability.1,2 Ambitious targets for their recovery can inspire public and private investment in conservation,3 but the expected outcomes of different protection and restoration strategies are unclear. We estimated potential recovery of mangroves and seagrass through gains in ecosystem extent to the year 2070 under a range of protection and restoration strategies implemented until the year 2050. Under a protection-only scenario, the current trajectories of net mangrove loss slowed, and a minor net gain in global seagrass extent (∼1%) was estimated. Protection alone is therefore unlikely to drive sufficient recovery. However, if action is taken to both protect and restore, net gains of up to 5% and 35% of mangroves and seagrasses, respectively, could be achieved by 2050. Further, protection and restoration can be complementary, as protection prevents losses that would otherwise occur post-2050, highlighting the importance of implementing protection measures. Our findings provide the scientific evidence required for setting strategic and ambitious targets to inspire significant global investment and effort in mangrove and seagrass conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Buelow
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Maria F Adame
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Gabby N Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Dominic A Andradi-Brown
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA; Mangrove Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Pete Bunting
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Steven W J Canty
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; Working Land and Seascapes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013, USA
| | - Jillian C Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore; Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Mangrove Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Shing Yip Lee
- Mangrove Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK; Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- Mangrove Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK; The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eva C McClure
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ana I Sousa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Thomas A Worthington
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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24
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Stark K, Adams V, Brown CJ, Chauvenet A, Davis K, Game ET, Halpern BS, Lynham J, Mappin B, Selkoe K, Watson JEM, Possingham HP, Klein CJ. Importance of equitable cost sharing in the Convention on Biological Diversity's protected area agenda. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13812. [PMID: 34288104 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keila Stark
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vanessa Adams
- School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coasts and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alienor Chauvenet
- School of Environment and Science, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrina Davis
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward T Game
- The Nature Conservancy, Conservation Science, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- The Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - John Lynham
- Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Bonnie Mappin
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim Selkoe
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - James E M Watson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carissa J Klein
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Li J, Kannan S, Aronica P, Brown CJ, Partridge AW, Verma CS. Molecular descriptors suggest stapling as a strategy for optimizing membrane permeability of cyclic peptides. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:065101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, Singapore 138671
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | | | - Pietro Aronica
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | | | - Anthony W. Partridge
- MSD International, Translation Medicine Research Centre, 8 Biomedical Grove, #04-01/05 Neuros Building, Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Chandra S. Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, Singapore 138671
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
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26
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Bertoglio D, Bard J, Hessmann M, Liu L, Gärtner A, De Lombaerde S, Huscher B, Zajicek F, Miranda A, Peters F, Herrmann F, Schaertl S, Vasilkovska T, Brown CJ, Johnson PD, Prime ME, Mills MR, Van der Linden A, Mrzljak L, Khetarpal V, Wang Y, Marchionini DM, Skinbjerg M, Verhaeghe J, Dominguez C, Staelens S, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Development of a ligand for in vivo imaging of mutant huntingtin in Huntington's disease. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm3682. [PMID: 35108063 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene that encodes the pathologic mutant HTT (mHTT) protein with an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. Whereas several therapeutic programs targeting mHTT expression have advanced to clinical evaluation, methods to visualize mHTT protein species in the living brain are lacking. Here, we demonstrate the development and characterization of a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging radioligand with high affinity and selectivity for mHTT aggregates. This small molecule radiolabeled with 11C ([11C]CHDI-180R) allowed noninvasive monitoring of mHTT pathology in the brain and could track region- and time-dependent suppression of mHTT in response to therapeutic interventions targeting mHTT expression in a rodent model. We further showed that in these animals, therapeutic agents that lowered mHTT in the striatum had a functional restorative effect that could be measured by preservation of striatal imaging markers, enabling a translational path to assess the functional effect of mHTT lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bertoglio
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Bard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | | | - Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | | | - Stef De Lombaerde
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium
| | | | - Franziska Zajicek
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Alan Miranda
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuchuan Wang
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | | | | | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
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27
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Frosi Y, Ng S, Lin YC, Jiang S, Ramlan SR, Lama D, Verma CS, Asial I, Brown CJ. Development of a Novel Peptide Aptamer that Interacts with the eIF4E Capped-mRNA Binding Site using Peptide Epitope Linker Evolution (PELE). RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:916-930. [PMID: 35866173 PMCID: PMC9257606 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying new binding sites and poses that modify biological function are an important step towards drug discovery. We have identified a novel disulphide constrained peptide that interacts with the cap-binding site of eIF4E, an attractive therapeutic target that is commonly overexpressed in many cancers and plays a significant role in initiating a cancer specific protein synthesis program though binding the 5′cap (7′methyl-guanoisine) moiety found on mammalian mRNAs. The use of disulphide constrained peptides to explore intracellular biological targets is limited by their lack of cell permeability and the instability of the disulphide bond in the reducing environment of the cell, loss of which results in abrogation of binding. To overcome these challenges, the cap-binding site interaction motif was placed in a hypervariable loop on an VH domain, and then selections performed to select a molecule that could recapitulate the interaction of the peptide with the target of interest in a process termed Peptide Epitope Linker Evolution (PELE). A novel VH domain was identified that interacted with the eIF4E cap binding site with a nanomolar affinity and that could be intracellularly expressed in mammalian cells. Additionally, it was demonstrated to specifically modulate eIF4E function by decreasing cap-dependent translation and cyclin D1 expression, common effects of eIF4F complex disruption. Identifying new binding sites and poses that modify biological function are an important step towards drug discovery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Frosi
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
| | - Simon Ng
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
| | - Yen-Chu Lin
- Insilico Medicine Taiwan Ltd. Suite 2013, No. 333, Sec.1, Keelung Rd., Xinyi Dist. 110 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shimin Jiang
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
| | - Siti Radhiah Ramlan
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Biomedicum Quarter 7B-C Solnavägen 9 17165 Solna Sweden
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (ASTAR) 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix 138671 Singapore
| | - Ignacio Asial
- DotBio, 1 Research Link 117604 Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences Singapore
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
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Brown CJ, Simon T, Cilibrasi C, Lynch PJ, Harries RW, Graf AA, Large MJ, Ogilvie SP, Salvage JP, Dalton AB, Giamas G, King AAK. Tuneable synthetic reduced graphene oxide scaffolds elicit high levels of three-dimensional glioblastoma interconnectivity in vitro. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:373-383. [PMID: 34931630 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional tissue scaffolds have utilised nanomaterials to great effect over the last decade. In particular, scaffold design has evolved to consider mechanical structure, morphology, chemistry, electrical properties, and of course biocompatibility - all vital to the performance of the scaffold and how successful they are in developing cell cultures. We have developed an entirely synthetic and tuneable three-dimensional scaffold of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) that shows good biocompatibility, and favourable mechanical properties as well as reasonable electrical conductivity. Importantly, the synthesis is scaleable and suitable for producing scaffolds of any desired geometry and size, and we observe a high level of biocompatibility and cell proliferation for multiple cell lines. In particular, one of the most devastating forms of malignant brain cancer, glioblastoma (GBM), grows especially well on our rGO scaffold in vitro, and without the addition of response-specific growth factors. We have observed that our scaffold elicits spontaneous formation of a high degree of intercellular connections across the GBM culture. This phenomenon is not well documented in vitro and nothing similar has been observed in synthetic scaffolds without the use of response-specific growth factors - which risk obscuring any potential phenotypic behaviour of the cells. The use of scaffolds like ours, which are not subject to the limitations of existing two-dimensional substrate technologies, provide an excellent system for further investigation into the mechanisms behind the rapid proliferation and success of cancers like GBM. These synthetic scaffolds can advance our understanding of these malignancies in the pursuit of improved theranostics against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Cilibrasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Peter J Lynch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Rhiannon W Harries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Aline Amorim Graf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Matthew J Large
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Sean P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Jonathan P Salvage
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Alice A K King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
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Lim S, Boyer N, Boo N, Huang C, Venkatachalam G, Angela Juang YC, Garrigou M, Kaan HYK, Duggal R, Peh KM, Sadruddin A, Gopal P, Yuen TY, Ng S, Kannan S, Brown CJ, Verma CS, Orth P, Peier A, Ge L, Yu X, Bhatt B, Chen F, Wang E, Li NJ, Gonzales RJ, Stoeck A, Henry B, Sawyer TK, Lane DP, Johannes CW, Biswas K, Partridge AW. Discovery of cell active macrocyclic peptides with on-target inhibition of KRAS signaling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15975-15987. [PMID: 35024121 PMCID: PMC8672774 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05187c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptides have the potential to address intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs) of high value therapeutic targets that have proven largely intractable to small molecules. Here, we report broadly applicable lessons for applying this modality to intracellular targets and specifically for advancing chemical matter to address KRAS, a protein that represents the most common oncogene in human lung, colorectal and pancreatic cancers yet is one of the most challenging targets in human disease. Specifically, we focused on KRpep-2d, an arginine-rich KRAS-binding peptide with a disulfide-mediated macrocyclic linkage and a protease-sensitive backbone. These latter redox and proteolytic labilities obviated cellular activity. Extensive structure–activity relationship studies involving macrocyclic linker replacement, stereochemical inversion, and backbone α-methylation, gave a peptide with on-target cellular activity. However, we uncovered an important generic insight – the arginine-dependent cell entry mechanism limited its therapeutic potential. In particular, we observed a strong correlation between net positive charge and histamine release in an ex vivo assay, thus making this series unsuitable for advancement due to the potentially fatal consequences of mast cell degranulation. This observation should signal to researchers that cationic-mediated cell entry – an approach that has yet to succeed in the clinic despite a long history of attempts – carries significant therapy-limiting safety liabilities. Nonetheless, the cell-active molecules identified here validate a unique inhibitory epitope on KRAS and thus provide valuable molecular templates for the development of therapeutics that are desperately needed to address KRAS-driven cancers – some of the most treatment-resistant human malignancies. Targeting undruggable intracellular proteins with peptides: novel on-target macrocyclic peptide inhibitors of KRAS with broad inhibition of proliferation of multiple KRAS-dependent cancer cell lines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Lim
- MSD International Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | | | - Nicole Boo
- MSD International Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pooja Gopal
- MSD International Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | - Tsz Ying Yuen
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | - Simon Ng
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | | | - Christopher J Brown
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | - Peter Orth
- Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Andrea Peier
- Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Lan Ge
- Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Merck & Co., Inc. West Point Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | | | - Feifei Chen
- Merck & Co., Inc. West Point Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Erjia Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc. West Point Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian Henry
- MSD International Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | | | - David P Lane
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | - Charles W Johannes
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore 138665 Singapore
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30
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Meier J, Stevens A, Berger M, Hogan TP, Reisch J, Cullum CM, Lee SC, Skinner CS, Zeh H, Brown CJ, Balentine CJ. Use of local anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair has decreased over time in the VA system. Hernia 2021; 26:1069-1075. [PMID: 34743254 PMCID: PMC9076752 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-021-02532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2003, randomized trials demonstrated potentially improved outcomes when local instead of general anesthesia is used for inguinal hernia repair. Our study aimed to evaluate how the use of local anesthesia for this procedure changed over time following the publication of the trials' level 1 evidence. METHODS We used the 1998-2018 Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify adults who underwent open, unilateral inguinal hernia repair under local or general anesthesia. Our primary outcome was the percentage of cases performed under local anesthesia. We used a time-series design to examine the trend and rate of change of the use of local anesthesia. RESULTS We included 97,437 veterans, of which 22,333 (22.9%) had hernia surgery under local anesthesia. The median age of veterans receiving local anesthesia remained stable at 64-67 years over time. The use of local anesthesia decreased steadily, from 38.2% at the beginning year to 15.1% in the final year (P < 0.0001). The publication of results from randomized trials (in 2003) did not appear to increase the overall use or change the rate of decline in the use of local anesthesia. Overall, we found that the use of local anesthesia decreased by about 1.5% per year. CONCLUSION The utilization of local anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair in the VA has steadily declined over the last 20 + years, despite data showing equivalence or superiority to general anesthesia. Future studies should explore barriers to the use of local anesthesia for hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meier
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- North Texas VA Health Care System, 4500 S. Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA.
- Implementation, and Novel Interventions (S-COIN), University of Texas Southwestern Surgical Center for Outcomes, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - A Stevens
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- North Texas VA Health Care System, 4500 S. Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA
- Implementation, and Novel Interventions (S-COIN), University of Texas Southwestern Surgical Center for Outcomes, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - T P Hogan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - J Reisch
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C M Cullum
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C S Skinner
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - H Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C J Brown
- Department of Medicine, LA State University-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - C J Balentine
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- North Texas VA Health Care System, 4500 S. Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA
- Implementation, and Novel Interventions (S-COIN), University of Texas Southwestern Surgical Center for Outcomes, Dallas, TX, USA
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31
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Herrmann F, Hessmann M, Schaertl S, Berg-Rosseburg K, Brown CJ, Bursow G, Chiki A, Ebneth A, Gehrmann M, Hoeschen N, Hotze M, Jahn S, Johnson PD, Khetarpal V, Kiselyov A, Kottig K, Ladewig S, Lashuel H, Letschert S, Mills MR, Petersen K, Prime ME, Scheich C, Schmiedel G, Wityak J, Liu L, Dominguez C, Muñoz-Sanjuán I, Bard JA. Pharmacological characterization of mutant huntingtin aggregate-directed PET imaging tracer candidates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17977. [PMID: 34504195 PMCID: PMC8429736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene coding for the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The misfolding and consequential aggregation of CAG-expanded mutant HTT (mHTT) underpin HD pathology. Our interest in the life cycle of HTT led us to consider the development of high-affinity small-molecule binders of HTT oligomerized/amyloid-containing species that could serve as either cellular and in vivo imaging tools or potential therapeutic agents. We recently reported the development of PET tracers CHDI-180 and CHDI-626 as suitable for imaging mHTT aggregates, and here we present an in-depth pharmacological investigation of their binding characteristics. We have implemented an array of in vitro and ex vivo radiometric binding assays using recombinant HTT, brain homogenate-derived HTT aggregates, and brain sections from mouse HD models and humans post-mortem to investigate binding affinities and selectivity against other pathological proteins from indications such as Alzheimer’s disease and spinocerebellar ataxia 1. Radioligand binding assays and autoradiography studies using brain homogenates and tissue sections from HD mouse models showed that CHDI-180 and CHDI-626 specifically bind mHTT aggregates that accumulate with age and disease progression. Finally, we characterized CHDI-180 and CHDI-626 regarding their off-target selectivity and binding affinity to beta amyloid plaques in brain sections and homogenates from Alzheimer’s disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J Brown
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | | | - Anass Chiki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Madlen Hotze
- Evotec SE, Essener Bogen 7, 22419, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter D Johnson
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Vinod Khetarpal
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Alex Kiselyov
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | | | | | - Hilal Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew R Mills
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | | | - Michael E Prime
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | | | | | - John Wityak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Ignacio Muñoz-Sanjuán
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA.
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32
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Dunic JC, Brown CJ, Connolly RM, Turschwell MP, Côté IM. Long-term declines and recovery of meadow area across the world's seagrass bioregions. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:4096-4109. [PMID: 33993580 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As human impacts increase in coastal regions, there is concern that critical habitats that provide the foundation of entire ecosystems are in decline. Seagrass meadows face growing threats such as poor water quality and coastal development. To determine the status of seagrass meadows over time, we reconstructed time series of meadow area from 175 studies that surveyed 547 sites around the world. We found an overall trajectory of decline in all seven bioregions with a global net loss of 5602 km2 (19.1% of surveyed meadow area) occurring since 1880. Declines have typically been non-linear, with rapid and historical losses observed in several bioregions. The greatest net losses of area occurred in four bioregions (Tropical Atlantic, Temperate North Atlantic East, Temperate Southern Oceans and Tropical Indo-Pacific), with declining trends being the slowest and most consistent in the latter two bioregions. In some bioregions, trends have recently stabilised or reversed. Losses, however, still outweigh gains. Despite consistent global declines, meadows show high variability in trajectories, within and across bioregions, highlighting the importance of local context. Studies identified 12 different drivers of meadow area change, with coastal development and water quality as the most commonly cited. Overall, however, attributions were primarily descriptive and only 10% of studies used inferential attributions. Although ours is the most comprehensive dataset to date, it still represents only one-tenth of known global seagrass extent, with conspicuous historical and geographic biases in sampling. It therefore remains unclear whether the bioregional patterns of change documented here reflect changes in the world's unmonitored seagrass meadows. The variability in seagrass meadow trajectories, and the attribution of change to numerous drivers, suggest we urgently need to improve understanding of the causes of seagrass meadow loss if we are to improve local-scale management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian C Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Isabelle M Côté
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Liu L, Johnson PD, Prime ME, Khetarpal V, Lee MR, Brown CJ, Chen X, Clark-Frew D, Coe S, Conlon M, Davis R, Ensor S, Esposito S, Moren AF, Gai X, Green S, Greenaway C, Haber J, Halldin C, Hayes S, Herbst T, Herrmann F, Heßmann M, Hsai MM, Kotey A, Mangette JE, Mills MR, Monteagudo E, Nag S, Nibbio M, Orsatti L, Schaertl S, Scheich C, Sproston J, Stepanov V, Varnäs K, Varrone A, Wityak J, Mrzljak L, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Bard JA, Dominguez C. [ 11C]CHDI-626, a PET Tracer Candidate for Imaging Mutant Huntingtin Aggregates with Reduced Binding to AD Pathological Proteins. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12003-12021. [PMID: 34351166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The expanded polyglutamine-containing mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein is implicated in neuronal degeneration of medium spiny neurons in Huntington's disease (HD) for which multiple therapeutic approaches are currently being evaluated to eliminate or reduce mHTT. Development of effective and orthogonal biomarkers will ensure accurate assessment of the safety and efficacy of pharmacologic interventions. We have identified and optimized a class of ligands that bind to oligomerized/aggregated mHTT, which is a hallmark in the HD postmortem brain. These ligands are potentially useful imaging biomarkers for HD therapeutic development in both preclinical and clinical settings. We describe here the optimization of the benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine series that show selective binding to mHTT aggregates over Aβ- and/or tau-aggregates associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. Compound [11C]-2 was selected as a clinical candidate based on its high free fraction in the brain, specific binding in the HD mouse model, and rapid brain uptake/washout in nonhuman primate positron emission tomography imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Peter D Johnson
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Michael E Prime
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Vinod Khetarpal
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Matthew R Lee
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Daniel Clark-Frew
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Samuel Coe
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Mike Conlon
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Randall Davis
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Samantha Ensor
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Simone Esposito
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30,600, Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Anton Forsberg Moren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Xinjie Gai
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Samantha Green
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Catherine Greenaway
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - James Haber
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Todd Herbst
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Frank Herrmann
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Manuela Heßmann
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Ming Min Hsai
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Adrian Kotey
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - John E Mangette
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Matthew R Mills
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Martina Nibbio
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30,600, Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Laura Orsatti
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30,600, Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Sabine Schaertl
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheich
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Joanne Sproston
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - John Wityak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Ladislav Mrzljak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Ignacio Munoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Jonathan A Bard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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34
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Whitehouse LLE, Smith CEL, Poulter JA, Brown CJ, Patel A, Lamb T, Brown LR, O'Sullivan EA, Mitchell RE, Berry IR, Charlton R, Inglehearn CF, Mighell AJ. NOVEL DLX3 VARIANTS IN AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA WITH ATTENUATED TRICHO-DENTO-OSSEOUS SYNDROME. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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El-Baba TJ, Raab SA, Buckley RP, Brown CJ, Lutomski CA, Henderson LW, Woodall DW, Shen J, Trinidad JC, Niu H, Jarrold MF, Russell DH, Laganowsky A, Clemmer DE. Thermal Analysis of a Mixture of Ribosomal Proteins by vT-ESI-MS: Toward a Parallel Approach for Characterizing the Stabilitome. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8484-8492. [PMID: 34101419 PMCID: PMC8546744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stabilities of endogenous, intact proteins and protein assemblies in complex mixtures were characterized in parallel by means of variable-temperature electrospray ionization coupled to mass spectrometry (vT-ESI-MS). The method is demonstrated by directly measuring the melting transitions of seven proteins from a mixture of proteins derived from ribosomes. A proof-of-concept measurement of a fraction of an Escherichia coli lysate is provided to extend this approach to characterize the thermal stability of a proteome. As the solution temperature is increased, proteins and protein complexes undergo structural and organizational transitions; for each species, the folded ↔ unfolded and assembled ↔ disassembled populations are monitored based on changes in vT-ESI-MS charge state distributions and masses. The robustness of the approach illustrates a step toward the proteome-wide characterization of thermal stabilities and structural transitions-the stabilitome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Shannon A Raab
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Rachel P Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Corinne A Lutomski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Lucas W Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Daniel W Woodall
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Jiangchuan Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Hengyao Niu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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Gilby BL, Olds AD, Brown CJ, Connolly RM, Henderson CJ, Maxwell PS, Schlacher TA. Applying systematic conservation planning to improve the allocation of restoration actions at multiple spatial scales. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben L. Gilby
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Andrew D. Olds
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Rod M. Connolly
- Australian Rivers Institute—Coasts and Estuaries School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - Christopher J. Henderson
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Paul S. Maxwell
- Healthy Land and Water Level 4, 200 Creek Street, Spring Hill Queensland 4004 Australia
- Alluvium Consulting Suite 14, 36 Agnes St, Fortitude Valley Queensland 4006 Australia
| | - Thomas A. Schlacher
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Queensland 4558 Australia
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Lopez‐Marcano S, L. Jinks E, Buelow CA, Brown CJ, Wang D, Kusy B, M. Ditria E, Connolly RM. Automatic detection of fish and tracking of movement for ecology. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8254-8263. [PMID: 34188884 PMCID: PMC8216886 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal movement studies are conducted to monitor ecosystem health, understand ecological dynamics, and address management and conservation questions. In marine environments, traditional sampling and monitoring methods to measure animal movement are invasive, labor intensive, costly, and limited in the number of individuals that can be feasibly tracked. Automated detection and tracking of small-scale movements of many animals through cameras are possible but are largely untested in field conditions, hampering applications to ecological questions.Here, we aimed to test the ability of an automated object detection and object tracking pipeline to track small-scale movement of many individuals in videos. We applied the pipeline to track fish movement in the field and characterize movement behavior. We automated the detection of a common fisheries species (yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis) along a known movement passageway from underwater videos. We then tracked fish movement with three types of tracking algorithms (MOSSE, Seq-NMS, and SiamMask) and evaluated their accuracy at characterizing movement.We successfully detected yellowfin bream in a multispecies assemblage (F1 score =91%). At least 120 of the 169 individual bream present in videos were correctly identified and tracked. The accuracies among the three tracking architectures varied, with MOSSE and SiamMask achieving an accuracy of 78% and Seq-NMS 84%.By employing this integrated object detection and tracking pipeline, we demonstrated a noninvasive and reliable approach to studying fish behavior by tracking their movement under field conditions. These cost-effective technologies provide a means for future studies to scale-up the analysis of movement across many visual monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lopez‐Marcano
- Coastal and Marine Research CentreAustralian Rivers InstituteSchool of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
- Quantitative Imaging Research TeamCSIROMarsfieldNSWAustralia
| | - Eric L. Jinks
- Coastal and Marine Research CentreAustralian Rivers InstituteSchool of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Christina A. Buelow
- Coastal and Marine Research CentreAustralian Rivers InstituteSchool of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research CentreAustralian Rivers InstituteSchool of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Dadong Wang
- Quantitative Imaging Research TeamCSIROMarsfieldNSWAustralia
| | | | - Ellen M. Ditria
- Coastal and Marine Research CentreAustralian Rivers InstituteSchool of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Rod M. Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research CentreAustralian Rivers InstituteSchool of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
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Adame MF, Connolly RM, Turschwell MP, Lovelock CE, Fatoyinbo T, Lagomasino D, Goldberg LA, Holdorf J, Friess DA, Sasmito SD, Sanderman J, Sievers M, Buelow C, Kauffman JB, Bryan‐Brown D, Brown CJ. Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2856-2866. [PMID: 33644947 PMCID: PMC8251893 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves have among the highest carbon densities of any tropical forest. These 'blue carbon' ecosystems can store large amounts of carbon for long periods, and their protection reduces greenhouse gas emissions and supports climate change mitigation. Incorporating mangroves into Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and their valuation on carbon markets requires predicting how the management of different land-uses can prevent future greenhouse gas emissions and increase CO2 sequestration. We integrated comprehensive global datasets for carbon stocks, mangrove distribution, deforestation rates, and land-use change drivers into a predictive model of mangrove carbon emissions. We project emissions and foregone soil carbon sequestration potential under 'business as usual' rates of mangrove loss. Emissions from mangrove loss could reach 2391 Tg CO2 eq by the end of the century, or 3392 Tg CO2 eq when considering foregone soil carbon sequestration. The highest emissions were predicted in southeast and south Asia (West Coral Triangle, Sunda Shelf, and the Bay of Bengal) due to conversion to aquaculture or agriculture, followed by the Caribbean (Tropical Northwest Atlantic) due to clearing and erosion, and the Andaman coast (West Myanmar) and north Brazil due to erosion. Together, these six regions accounted for 90% of the total potential CO2 eq future emissions. Mangrove loss has been slowing, and global emissions could be more than halved if reduced loss rates remain in the future. Notably, the location of global emission hotspots was consistent with every dataset used to calculate deforestation rates or with alternative assumptions about carbon storage and emissions. Our results indicate the regions in need of policy actions to address emissions arising from mangrove loss and the drivers that could be managed to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Adame
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQldAustralia
| | - Rod M. Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQldAustralia
| | | | | | | | - David Lagomasino
- Department of Coastal StudiesEast Carolina UniversityWancheseNCUSA
| | - Liza A. Goldberg
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary CenterUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Jordan Holdorf
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQldAustralia
| | - Daniel A. Friess
- Department of GeographyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Mangrove Specialist GroupCentre for Nature‐based Climate Solutions, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Sigit D. Sasmito
- Research Institute for Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNTAustralia
- Center for International Forestry ResearchBogorIndonesia
- NUS Environmental Research InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQldAustralia
| | - Christina Buelow
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQldAustralia
| | - J. Boone Kauffman
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Dale Bryan‐Brown
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQldAustralia
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Brown CJ, Mellin C, Edgar GJ, Campbell MD, Stuart-Smith RD. Direct and indirect effects of heatwaves on a coral reef fishery. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:1214-1225. [PMID: 33340216 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity, and indirectly impacting coral reef fisheries through bleaching-induced degradation of live coral habitats. Marine heatwaves also affect fish metabolism and catchability, but such direct effects of elevated temperatures on reef fisheries are largely unknown. We investigated direct and indirect effects of the devastating 2016 marine heatwave on the largest reef fishery operating along the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). We used a combination of fishery-independent underwater census data on coral trout biomass (Plectropomus and Variola spp.) and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data from the commercial fishery to evaluate changes in the fishery resulting from the 2016 heatwave. The heatwave caused widespread, yet locally patchy, declines in coral cover, but we observed little effect of local coral loss on coral trout biomass. Instead, a pattern of decreasing biomass at northern sites and stable or increasing biomass at southern sites suggested a direct response of populations to the heatwave. Analysis of the fishery-independent data and CPUE found that in-water coral trout biomass estimates were positively related to CPUE, and that coral trout catch rates increased with warmer temperatures. Temperature effects on catch rates were consistent with the thermal affinities of the multiple species contributing to this fishery. Scaling-up the effect of temperature on coral trout catch rates across the region suggests that GBR-wide catches were 18% higher for a given level of effort during the heatwave year relative to catch rates under the mean temperatures in the preceding 6 years. These results highlight a potentially large effect of heatwaves on catch rates of reef fishes, independent of changes in reef habitats, that can add substantial uncertainty to estimates of stock trends inferred from fishery-dependent (CPUE) data. Overestimation of CPUE could initiate declines in reef fisheries that are currently fully exploited, and threaten sustainable management of reef stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coasts and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - Camille Mellin
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Max D Campbell
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coasts and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
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Peier A, Ge L, Boyer N, Frost J, Duggal R, Biswas K, Edmondson S, Hermes JD, Yan L, Zimprich C, Sadruddin A, Kristal Kaan HY, Chandramohan A, Brown CJ, Thean D, Lee XE, Yuen TY, Ferrer-Gago FJ, Johannes CW, Lane DP, Sherborne B, Corona C, Robers MB, Sawyer TK, Partridge AW. NanoClick: A High Throughput, Target-Agnostic Peptide Cell Permeability Assay. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:293-309. [PMID: 33539064 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptides open new opportunities to target intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that are often considered nondruggable by traditional small molecules. However, engineering sufficient membrane permeability into these molecules is a central challenge for identifying clinical candidates. Currently, there is a lack of high-throughput assays to assess peptide permeability, which limits our capacity to engineer this property into macrocyclic peptides for advancement through drug discovery pipelines. Accordingly, we developed a high throughput and target-agnostic cell permeability assay that measures the relative cumulative cytosolic exposure of a peptide in a concentration-dependent manner. The assay was named NanoClick as it combines in-cell Click chemistry with an intracellular NanoBRET signal. We validated the approach using known cell penetrating peptides and further demonstrated a correlation to cellular activity using a p53/MDM2 model system. With minimal change to the peptide sequence, NanoClick enables the ability to measure uptake of molecules that enter the cell via different mechanisms such as endocytosis, membrane translocation, or passive permeability. Overall, the NanoClick assay can serve as a screening tool to uncover predictive design rules to guide structure-activity-permeability relationships in the optimization of functionally active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peier
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lan Ge
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nicolas Boyer
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John Frost
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ruchia Duggal
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kaustav Biswas
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Scott Edmondson
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Lin Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Chad Zimprich
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J. Brown
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Dawn Thean
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Xue Er Lee
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Tsz Ying Yuen
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | | | - Charles W. Johannes
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - David P. Lane
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Brad Sherborne
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Cesear Corona
- Promega Biosciences Incorporated, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | | | - Tomi K. Sawyer
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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41
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Siau JW, Nonis S, Chee S, Koh LQ, Ferrer FJ, Brown CJ, Ghadessy FJ. Directed co-evolution of interacting protein-peptide pairs by compartmentalized two-hybrid replication (C2HR). Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 48:e128. [PMID: 33104786 PMCID: PMC7736784 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed evolution methodologies benefit from read-outs quantitatively linking genotype to phenotype. We therefore devised a method that couples protein–peptide interactions to the dynamic read-out provided by an engineered DNA polymerase. Fusion of a processivity clamp protein to a thermostable nucleic acid polymerase enables polymerase activity and DNA amplification in otherwise prohibitive high-salt buffers. Here, we recapitulate this phenotype by indirectly coupling the Sso7d processivity clamp to Taq DNA polymerase via respective fusion to a high affinity and thermostable interacting protein–peptide pair. Escherichia coli cells co-expressing protein–peptide pairs can directly be used in polymerase chain reactions to determine relative interaction strengths by the measurement of amplicon yields. Conditional polymerase activity is further used to link genotype to phenotype of interacting protein–peptide pairs co-expressed in E. coli using the compartmentalized self-replication directed evolution platform. We validate this approach, termed compartmentalized two-hybrid replication, by selecting for high-affinity peptides that bind two model protein partners: SpyCatcher and the large fragment of NanoLuc luciferase. We further demonstrate directed co-evolution by randomizing both protein and peptide components of the SpyCatcher–SpyTag pair and co-selecting for functionally interacting variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei Siau
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Samuel Nonis
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Sharon Chee
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Li Quan Koh
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Fernando J Ferrer
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Christopher J Brown
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Farid J Ghadessy
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
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Pearson RM, Schlacher TA, Jinks KI, Olds AD, Brown CJ, Connolly RM. Disturbance type determines how connectivity shapes ecosystem resilience. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1188. [PMID: 33441960 PMCID: PMC7806881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-80987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectivity is fundamentally important for shaping the resilience of complex human and natural networks when systems are disturbed. Ecosystem resilience is, in part, shaped by the spatial arrangement of habitats, the permeability and fluxes between them, the stabilising functions performed by organisms, their dispersal traits, and the interactions between functions and stressor types. Controlled investigations of the relationships between these phenomena under multiple stressors are sparse, possibly due to logistic and ethical difficulties associated with applying and controlling stressors at landscape scales. Here we show that grazing performance, a key ecosystem function, is linked to connectivity by manipulating the spatial configuration of habitats in microcosms impacted by multiple stressors. Greater connectivity enhanced ecosystem function and reduced variability in grazing performance in unperturbed systems. Improved functional performance was observed in better connected systems stressed by harvesting pressure and temperature rise, but this effect was notably reversed by the spread of disease. Connectivity has complex effects on ecological functions and resilience, and the nuances should be recognised more fully in ecosystem conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Pearson
- Australian Rivers Institute-Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Thomas A Schlacher
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, 4558, Australia
| | - Kristin I Jinks
- Australian Rivers Institute-Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Andrew D Olds
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, 4558, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Australian Rivers Institute-Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Australian Rivers Institute-Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
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Giffin AL, Brown CJ, Nalau J, Mackey BG, Connolly RM. Marine and coastal ecosystem-based adaptation in Asia and Oceania: review of approaches and integration with marine spatial planning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/pc20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in using ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) to maintain or restore ecosystem services to increase human resilience to climate change. However, to date, the focus on EbA has been on conceptualising the approach and encouraging its use, rather than understanding EbA in practice. We review the EbA literature to synthesise where, why and how marine and coastal EbA projects have been implemented and examine how EbA has been integrated with marine spatial planning. We focus specifically on EbA projects in Asia and Oceania, where climate variability and dependence on marine and coastal ecosystems is high. Most projects were found in the grey literature, implemented in developing countries, and targeted extreme events and sea level rise. Mangroves, particularly mangrove restoration, was the most common ecosystem used, followed by coral reefs. EbA across ecosystems commonly targeted capacity building and livelihood enhancement, and maintenance of wildlife, alongside shoreline protection for mangroves and food security for coral reefs. Integrated EbA and marine spatial planning projects were participatory, implemented at local–regional scales, displayed adaptive management, and community-based or shared governance. Our research helps to build an understanding of EbA in practice and a knowledge base to assist coastal communities in adapting to climate change.
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Abstract
Exosomes represent a class of secreted biological vesicles, which have recently gained attention due to their function as intertissue and interorganism transporters of genetic materials, small molecules, lipids, and proteins. Although the protein constituents of these exosomes are often glycosylated, a large-scale characterization of the glycoproteome has not yet been completed. This study identified 3144 unique glycosylation events belonging to 378 glycoproteins and 604 unique protein sites of glycosylation. With these data, we investigated the level of glycan microheterogeneity within the urinary exosomes, finding on average 5.9 glycans per site. The glycan family abundance on individual proteins showed subtle differences, providing an additional level of molecular characterization compared to the unmodified proteome. Finally, we show protein site-specific changes in regard to the common urinary glycoprotein, uromodulin. While uromodulin is an individual case, these same site-specific analyses provide a way forward for developing diagnostic glycoprotein biomarkers with urine as a noninvasive biological fluid. This study represents an important first step in understanding the functional urinary glycoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Stefan Gaunitz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Lena Strindelius
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Stephen C Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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Sutherland JM, Karimuddin A, Liu G, Crump T, Akbar H, Phang T, Redfern K, Manoharan S, Brown CJ, Raval MJ. Health and quality of life among a cohort of patients having lateral internal sphincterotomy for anal fissures. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:1658-1666. [PMID: 32533887 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to report changes in health-related quality of life attributable to lateral internal sphincterotomy for treatment of anal fissure. There is very little evidence on whether the overall health-related quality of life of patients is detrimentally affected by the condition, or which aspects of self-perceived health status improve after lateral internal sphincterotomy. This study will articulate which aspects of health tend to improve and guide postoperative expectations appropriately. Knowledge gained from this study may also identify gaps in an individual patient's episode of care. METHOD Patients were prospectively identified when they consented to surgical treatment of their anal fissure and were contacted by phone to participate. Participants completed a number of patient-reported outcomes preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Faecal incontinence-related quality of life, pain and depression were measured at both time points. The severity of faecal incontinence was measured at both times. RESULTS Participants reported high levels of pain preoperatively. Postoperatively, improvement in pain exceeded the threshold of clinical relevance (P < 0.01). Thirty-five per cent of participants reported significant effects of faecal incontinence preoperatively, while 26% did so postoperatively. Participants with multiple comorbidities were more likely to report faecal incontinence postoperatively than preoperatively. CONCLUSION This study reports that lateral internal sphincterotomy improved pain symptoms without adverse effects on continence. Not all domains of health-related quality of life were similarly positively affected by anal fissure repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sutherland
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Karimuddin
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Liu
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Crump
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H Akbar
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Phang
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Redfern
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Manoharan
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C J Brown
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M J Raval
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ghuman A, Kasteel N, Brown CJ, Karimuddin AA, Raval MJ, Wexner SD, Phang PT. Surgical site infection in elective colonic and rectal resections: effect of oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation compared with mechanical bowel preparation only. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:1686-1693. [PMID: 32441804 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM Surgical site infections are disproportionately common after colorectal surgery and may be largely preventable. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the effect of oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation on surgical site infections. METHOD A retrospective study of a consecutive series of elective colonic and rectal resections following an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathway, which also included mechanical bowel preparation, from 1 September 2014 to 30 September 2017. The addition of oral antibiotics (neomycin and metronidazole) to the mechanical bowel preparation procedure was assessed. Development of surgical site infections within 30 days was the main outcome measured. The secondary outcome was assessment of possible surgical site infection predictors. RESULTS Seven-hundred thirty-two patients were included: 313 (43%) preintervention (mechanical bowel preparation only); and 419 (57%) postintervention (mechanical bowel preparation plus oral antibiotics). Surgical site infection rates preintervention and. postintervention were: overall, 20.8% vs 10.5%, P < 0.001; superficial, 10.9% vs 4.3%, P < 0.001; and organ space, 9.9% vs 6.2%, P = 0.03. Subgroup analysis of colonic resections revealed a significant reduction in overall (17.1% vs 6.8%), superficial (10.7% vs 4.3%) and organ space (6.4% vs. 2.6%) infections. Rectal resections had significant reduction in overall (26.2% vs 15.3%) and superficial (11.1% vs 4.4%) infection rates but not in organ space infections (15.1% vs 10.9%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed open vs minimally invasive surgery (P < 0.001) and omission of oral antibiotics (P = 0.004) as independent predictors of surgical site infections. CONCLUSION Administration of oral antibiotics resulted in significant reduction of superficial and organ space infections after colonic resection; after rectal resection, significant reduction only of superficial infections was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghuman
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - N Kasteel
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C J Brown
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A A Karimuddin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M J Raval
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S D Wexner
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - P T Phang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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47
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Brown CJ, Verma CS, Lane DP, Lama D. Conformational ordering of intrinsically disordered peptides for targeting translation initiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129775. [PMID: 33122085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins can regulate their activity by facilitating protein-protein interactions (PPIs) as exemplified in the recruitment of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) protein by the protein eIF4G. Deregulation of this PPI module is central to a broad spectrum of cancer related malignancies and its targeted inhibition through bioactive peptides is a promising strategy for therapeutic intervention. METHODS We employed molecular dynamics simulations coupled with biophysical assays to rationally develop peptide derivatives from the intrinsically disordered eIF4G scaffold by incorporating non-natural amino acids that facilitates disorder-to-order transition. RESULTS The conformational heterogeneity of these peptides and the degree of structural reorganization required to adopt the optimum mode of interaction with eIF4E underscores their differential binding affinities. The presence of a pre-structured local helical element in the ensemble of structures was instrumental in the efficient docking of the peptides on to the protein surface. The formation of Y4: P38 hydrogen-bond interaction between the peptide and eIF4E is a rate limiting event in the efficient recognition of the protein since it occurs through the disordered region of the peptide. CONCLUSIONS These insights were exploited to further design features into the peptide to propagate bound-state conformations in solution which resulted in the generation of a potent eIF4E binder. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study illustrates the molecular basis of eIF4E recognition by a disordered epitope from eIF4G and its modulation to generate peptides that can potentially attenuate translation initiation in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Quarter 7B-C Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Quarter 7B-C Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden.
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48
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Brown CJ, Taylor W, Wabnitz CCC, Connolly RM. Dependency of Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef's tropical fisheries on reef-associated fish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17801. [PMID: 33082460 PMCID: PMC7576786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs have been subject to mass coral bleaching, potentially causing rapid and widespread degradation of ecosystem services that depend on live coral cover, such as fisheries catch. Fisheries species in tropical waters associate with a wide range of habitats, so assessing the dependency of fisheries on coral reefs is important for guiding fishery responses to coral reef degradation. This study aimed to determine how fisheries catches associate with coral reefs in Queensland, Australia. Queensland’s largest fisheries did not target fish associated with reefs, but specific sectors, particularly aquarium fisheries and commercial fisheries in the mid to northern region had a high dependence on species that use coral reefs. Regions that had a greater relative area of coral reefs had higher catches of species that depend on live coral, suggesting that coral area could be used to predict the sensitivity of a jurisdiction’s fisheries to bleaching. Dynamic analysis of stock trends found that coral trout and red throat emperor, the two largest species by catch for the reef line fishery, were at risk of overfishing if habitat loss caused declines in stock productivity. Management of fisheries that are highly dependent on reefs may need to adapt to declining productivity, but further research to support ongoing reforms in Queensland’s fisheries is needed to quantitatively link reef degradation to stock production parameters is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - William Taylor
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada.,Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
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49
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McClure EC, Sievers M, Brown CJ, Buelow CA, Ditria EM, Hayes MA, Pearson RM, Tulloch VJD, Unsworth RKF, Connolly RM. Artificial Intelligence Meets Citizen Science to Supercharge Ecological Monitoring. Patterns (N Y) 2020; 1:100109. [PMID: 33205139 PMCID: PMC7660425 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development and uptake of citizen science and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for ecological monitoring is increasing rapidly. Citizen science and AI allow scientists to create and process larger volumes of data than possible with conventional methods. However, managers of large ecological monitoring projects have little guidance on whether citizen science, AI, or both, best suit their resource capacity and objectives. To highlight the benefits of integrating the two techniques and guide future implementation by managers, we explore the opportunities, challenges, and complementarities of using citizen science and AI for ecological monitoring. We identify project attributes to consider when implementing these techniques and suggest that financial resources, engagement, participant training, technical expertise, and subject charisma and identification are important project considerations. Ultimately, we highlight that integration can supercharge outcomes for ecological monitoring, enhancing cost-efficiency, accuracy, and multi-sector engagement. Citizen science and artificial intelligence (AI) are often used in isolation for ecological monitoring, but their integration likely has emergent benefits for management and scientific inquiry. We explore the complementarity of citizen science and AI for ecological monitoring, highlighting key opportunities and challenges. We show that strategic integration of citizen science and AI can improve outcomes for conservation activities. For example, coupling the public engagement benefits of citizen science with the advanced analytical capabilities of AI can increase multi-stakeholder accord on issues of public and scientific interest. Furthermore, both techniques speed up data collection and processing compared with conventional scientific techniques, suggesting that their integration can fast-track monitoring and conservation actions. We present key project attributes that will assist project managers in prioritizing the resources needed to implement citizen science, AI, or preferably both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C McClure
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael Sievers
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Christina A Buelow
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ellen M Ditria
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Matthew A Hayes
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Vivitskaia J D Tulloch
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard K F Unsworth
- Seagrass Ecosystem Research Group, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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50
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Ng S, Juang YC, Chandramohan A, Kaan HYK, Sadruddin A, Yuen TY, Ferrer-Gago FJ, Lee XC, Liew X, Johannes CW, Brown CJ, Kannan S, Aronica PG, Berglund NA, Verma CS, Liu L, Stoeck A, Sawyer TK, Partridge AW, Lane DP. De-risking Drug Discovery of Intracellular Targeting Peptides: Screening Strategies to Eliminate False-Positive Hits. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1993-2001. [PMID: 33062184 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonspecific promiscuous compounds can mislead researchers and waste significant resources. This phenomenon, though well-documented for small molecules, has not been widely explored for the peptide modality. Here we demonstrate that two purported peptide-based KRas inhibitors, SAH-SOS1 A and cyclorasin 9A5, exemplify false-positive molecules-in terms of both their binding affinities and cellular activities. Through multiple gold-standard biophysical techniques, we unambiguously show that both peptides lack specific binding to KRas and instead induce protein unfolding. Although these peptides inhibited cellular proliferation, the activities appeared to be off-target on the basis of a counterscreen with KRas-independent cell lines. We further demonstrate that their cellular activities are derived from membrane disruption. Accordingly, we propose that to de-risk false-positive molecules, orthogonal binding assays and cellular counterscreens are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tsz Ying Yuen
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore 138665
| | | | - Xue’Er Cheryl Lee
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore 138665
| | - Xi Liew
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore 138665
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lijuan Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Tomi K. Sawyer
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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