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Li J, Zou R, Varrone A, Nag S, Halldin C, Ågren H. Exploring the Interactions between two Ligands, UCB-J and UCB-F, and Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2 Isoforms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2018-2027. [PMID: 38701380 PMCID: PMC11099911 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In silico modeling was applied to study the efficiency of two ligands, namely, UCB-J and UCB-F, to bind to isoforms of the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) that are involved in the regulation of synaptic function in the nerve terminals, with the ultimate goal to understand the selectivity of the interaction between UCB-J and UCB-F to different isoforms of SV2. Docking and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to unravel various binding patterns, types of interactions, and binding free energies, covering hydrogen bonding and nonspecific hydrophobic interactions, water bridge, π-π, and cation-π interactions. The overall preference for bonding types of UCB-J and UCB-F with particular residues in the protein pockets can be disclosed in detail. A unique interaction fingerprint, namely, hydrogen bonding with additional cation-π interaction with the pyridine moiety of UCB-J, could be established as an explanation for its high selectivity over the SV2 isoform A (SV2A). Other molecular details, primarily referring to the presence of π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding, could also be analyzed as sources of selectivity of the UCB-F tracer for the three isoforms. The simulations provide atomic details to support future development of new selective tracers targeting synaptic vesicle glycoproteins and their associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Rongfeng Zou
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
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2
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Schou M, Amini N, Takano A, Arakawa R, Dahl K, Toth M, Svedberg M, Varrone A, Halldin C. Microsome Mediated in Vitro Metabolism: A Convenient Method for the Preparation of the PET Radioligand Metabolite [ 18F]FE-PE2I-OH for Translational Dopamine Transporter Imaging. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3732-3736. [PMID: 37753876 PMCID: PMC10587862 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Undesired radiometabolites can be detrimental to the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands. Methods for quantifying radioligand metabolites in brain tissue include ex vivo studies in small animals or labeling and imaging of the radiometabolite(s) of interest. The latter is a time- and resource-demanding process, which often includes multistep organic synthesis. We hypothesized that this process could be replaced by making use of liver microsomes, an in vitro system that mimics metabolism. In this study, rat liver microsomes were used to prepare radiometabolites of the dopamine transporter radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I for in vitro imaging using autoradiography and in vivo imaging using PET in rats and nonhuman primates. The primary investigated hydroxy-metabolite [18F]FE-PE2I-OH ([18F]2) was obtained in a 2% radiochemical yield and >99% radiochemical purity. In vitro and in vivo imaging demonstrated that [18F]2 readily crossed the blood-brain barrier and bound specifically and reversibly to the dopamine transporter. In conclusions, the current study demonstrates the potential of liver microsomes in the production of radiometabolites for translational imaging studies and radioligand discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Schou
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- PET
Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- PET
Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklos Toth
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Svedberg
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jonasson M, Frick A, Fazio P, Hjorth O, Danfors T, Axelsson J, Appel L, Furmark T, Varrone A, Lubberink M. Striatal dopamine transporter and receptor availability correlate with relative cerebral blood flow measured with [ 11C]PE2I, [ 18F]FE-PE2I and [ 11C]raclopride PET in healthy individuals. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1206-1215. [PMID: 36912083 PMCID: PMC10291448 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231160881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate relationships between relative cerebral blood flow and striatal dopamine transporter and dopamine D2/3 availability in healthy subjects. The data comprised dynamic PET scans with two dopamine transporter tracers [11C]PE2I (n = 20) and [18F]FE-PE2I (n = 20) and the D2/3 tracer [11C]raclopride (n = 18). Subjects with a [11C]PE2I scan also underwent a dynamic scan with the serotonin transporter tracer [11C]DASB. Binding potential (BPND) and relative tracer delivery (R1) values were calculated on regional and voxel-level. Striatal R1 and BPND values were correlated, using either an MRI-based volume of interest (VOI) or an isocontour VOI based on the parametric BPND image. An inter-tracer comparison between [11C]PE2I BPND and [11C]DASB R1 was done on a VOI-level and simulations were performed to investigate whether the constraints of the modeling could cause correlation of the parameters. A positive association was found between BPND and R1 for all three dopamine tracers. A similar correlation was found for the inter-tracer correlation between [11C]PE2I BPND and [11C]DASB R1. Simulations showed that this relationship was not caused by cross-correlation between parameters in the kinetic model. In conclusion, these results suggest an association between resting-state striatal dopamine function and relative blood flow in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Jonasson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Frick
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Hjorth
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Danfors
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Imaging Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lieuwe Appel
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Imaging Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Huttunen HJ, Booms S, Sjögren M, Kerstens V, Johansson J, Holmnäs R, Koskinen J, Kulesskaya N, Fazio P, Woolley M, Brady A, Williams J, Johnson D, Dailami N, Gray W, Levo R, Saarma M, Halldin C, Marjamaa J, Resendiz-Nieves J, Grubor I, Lind G, Eerola-Rautio J, Mertsalmi T, Andréasson M, Paul G, Rinne J, Kivisaari R, Bjartmarz H, Almqvist P, Varrone A, Scheperjans F, Widner H, Svenningsson P. Intraputamenal Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Phase 1 Trial. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1209-1222. [PMID: 37212361 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an unconventional neurotrophic factor that protects dopamine neurons and improves motor function in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of this study were to assess the safety and tolerability of both CDNF and the drug delivery system (DDS) in patients with PD of moderate severity. METHODS We assessed the safety and tolerability of monthly intraputamenal CDNF infusions in patients with PD using an investigational DDS, a bone-anchored transcutaneous port connected to four catheters. This phase 1 trial was divided into a placebo-controlled, double-blind, 6-month main study followed by an active-treatment 6-month extension. Eligible patients, aged 35 to 75 years, had moderate idiopathic PD for 5 to 15 years and Hoehn and Yahr score ≤ 3 (off state). Seventeen patients were randomized to placebo (n = 6), 0.4 mg CDNF (n = 6), or 1.2 mg CDNF (n = 5). The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability of CDNF and DDS and catheter implantation accuracy. Secondary endpoints were measures of PD symptoms, including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and DDS patency and port stability. Exploratory endpoints included motor symptom assessment (PKG, Global Kinetics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia) and positron emission tomography using dopamine transporter radioligand [18 F]FE-PE2I. RESULTS Drug-related adverse events were mild to moderate with no difference between placebo and treatment groups. No severe adverse events were associated with the drug, and device delivery accuracy met specification. The severe adverse events recorded were associated with the infusion procedure and did not reoccur after procedural modification. There were no significant changes between placebo and CDNF treatment groups in secondary endpoints between baseline and the end of the main and extension studies. CONCLUSIONS Intraputamenally administered CDNF was safe and well tolerated, and possible signs of biological response to the drug were observed in individual patients. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magnus Sjögren
- Herantis Pharma Plc, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Clinical Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vera Kerstens
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Patrik Fazio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Woolley
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions Ltd, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Brady
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions Ltd, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Williams
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions Ltd, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - David Johnson
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions Ltd, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Narges Dailami
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions Ltd, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science and Creative Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - William Gray
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions Ltd, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
- Functional Neurosurgery, Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Reeta Levo
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Marjamaa
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julio Resendiz-Nieves
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irena Grubor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Lind
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Eerola-Rautio
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mertsalmi
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mattias Andréasson
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gesine Paul
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Kivisaari
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Per Almqvist
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Scheperjans
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Håkan Widner
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Kerstens VS, Fazio P, Sundgren M, Halldin C, Svenningsson P, Varrone A. [ 18F]FE-PE2I DAT correlates with Parkinson's disease duration, stage, and rigidity/bradykinesia scores: a PET radioligand validation study. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:29. [PMID: 37017878 PMCID: PMC10076455 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correlations between dopamine transporter (DAT) availability and Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms vary depending on the imaging modality, choice of regions of interest and clinical measures. We aimed to validate the PET radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I as a clinical biomarker in PD, hypothesizing negative correlations between DAT availability in specified nigrostriatal regions with symptom duration, disease stage and motor symptom scores. METHODS We included 41 PD patients (age 45-79 years; H&Y stage < 3) and 37 healthy control subjects in a cross-sectional study with dynamic [18F]FE-PE2I PET. Binding potential (BPND) was estimated in the caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum, sensorimotor striatum, and substantia nigra using the cerebellum as reference region. RESULTS We found negative correlations (p < 0.02) between symptom duration and BPND in the putamen and sensorimotor striatum (rs = - .42; rs = - .51), and between H&Y stage and BPND in caudate nucleus, putamen, sensorimotor striatum, and substantia nigra (rs between - .40 and - .54). The first correlations were better described with exponential fitting. MDS-UPDRS-III in 'OFF' state correlated negatively (p < 0.04) with BPND in the sensorimotor striatum (rs = - .47), and excluding tremor score also in the putamen (rs = - .45). CONCLUSION Results are in agreement with earlier findings in in vivo and post-mortem studies and validate [18F]FE-PE2I as a functional PD biomarker for PD severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2011-0020050, Registered April 26 2011; EudraCT 2017-003327-29, Registered October 08 2017; EudraCT 2017-001585-19, Registered August 2 2017. https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Kerstens
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Sundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Department, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Department, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Ekman S, Cselényi Z, Varrone A, Jucaite A, Martin H, Schou M, Johnström P, Laus G, Lewensohn R, Brown AP, van der Aart J, Vishwanathan K, Farde L. Brain exposure of osimertinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: A positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging study. Clin Transl Sci 2023. [PMID: 36808835 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are associated with poor prognosis in epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that potently and selectively inhibits EGFR-sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations with efficacy in EGFRm NSCLC including central nervous system (CNS) metastases. The open-label phase I positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study (ODIN-BM) assessed [11 C]osimertinib brain exposure and distribution in patients with EGFRm NSCLC and BMs. Three dynamic 90-min [11 C]osimertinib PET examinations were acquired together with metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input functions at: baseline, after first oral osimertinib 80 mg dose, and after greater than or equal to 21 days of osimertinib 80 mg q.d. treatment. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed at screening and after 25-35 days of osimertinib 80 mg q.d.; treatment effect was assessed per CNS Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and per volumetric changes in total BM using a novel analysis approach. Four patients (aged 51-77 years) completed the study. At baseline, ~1.5% injected radioactivity reached the brain (IDmax[brain] ) 22 min (median, Tmax[brain] ) after injection. Total volume of distribution (VT ) in whole brain was numerically higher compared with the BM regions. After a single oral osimertinib 80 mg dose, there was no consistent decrease in VT in whole brain or BMs. After greater than or equal to 21 days' daily treatment, VT in whole brain and BMs were numerically higher versus baseline. MRI revealed 56%-95% reduction in total BMs volume after 25-35 days of osimertinib 80 mg q.d. treatment. The [11 C]osimertinib crossed the blood-brain and brain-tumor barriers and had a high, homogeneous brain distribution in patients with EGFRm NSCLC and BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ekman
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital/Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Martin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Laus
- Late Development Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital/Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew P Brown
- Late Development Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Karthick Vishwanathan
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Brumberg J, Aarnio R, Forsberg A, Marjamäki P, Kerstens V, Moein MM, Nag S, Wahlroos S, Kassiou M, Windhorst AD, Halldin C, Haaparanta-Solin M, Fazio P, Oikonen V, Rinne JO, Varrone A. Quantification of the purinergic P2X 7 receptor with [ 11C]SMW139 improves through correction for brain-penetrating radiometabolites. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:258-268. [PMID: 36163685 PMCID: PMC9903223 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221126830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-based purinergic 7 receptor (P2X7R) is expressed on activated microglia and the target of the radioligand [11C]SMW139 for in vivo assessment of neuroinflammation. This study investigated the contribution of radiolabelled metabolites which potentially affect its quantification. Ex vivo high-performance liquid chromatography with a radio detector (radioHPLC) was used to evaluate the parent and radiometabolite fractions of [11C]SMW139 in the brain and plasma of eleven mice. Twelve healthy humans underwent 90-min [11C]SMW139 brain PET with arterial blood sampling and radiometabolite analysis. The volume of distribution was estimated by using one- and two- tissue compartment (TCM) modeling with single (VT) and dual (VTp) input functions. RadioHPLC showed three major groups of radiometabolite peaks with increasing concentrations in the plasma of all mice and humans. Two radiometabolite peaks were also visible in mice brain homogenates and therefore considered for dual input modeling in humans. 2TCM with single input function provided VT estimates with a wide range (0.10-10.74) and high coefficient of variation (COV: 159.9%), whereas dual input function model showed a narrow range of VTp estimates (0.04-0.24; COV: 33.3%). In conclusion, compartment modeling with correction for brain-penetrant radiometabolites improves the in vivo quantification of [11C]SMW139 binding to P2X7R in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Brumberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard Aarnio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anton Forsberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi Marjamäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vera Kerstens
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad M Moein
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saara Wahlroos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik Fazio
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Kerstens VS, Fazio P, Sundgren M, Brumberg J, Halldin C, Svenningsson P, Varrone A. Longitudinal DAT changes measured with [ 18F]FE-PE2I PET in patients with Parkinson's disease; a validation study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103347. [PMID: 36822016 PMCID: PMC9978841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine transporter (DAT) PET provides higher resolution than DAT SPECT and opportunity for integrated imaging with MRI. The radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I is highly selective for the DAT, and PET measurements with this radioligand have good reliability and repeatability in patients with non-advanced Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVES To validate [18F]FE-PE2I PET as measurement tool of longitudinal DAT changes in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Thirty-seven subjects with Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage < 3) were included in a longitudinal PET study with [18F]FE-PE2I. DAT availability (BPND) in the caudate nucleus, putamen, sensorimotor striatum, and substantia nigra, was estimated with parametric imaging using Logan graphical analysis and cerebellum as reference region. For comparison with DAT-SPECT literature, sample size calculations for disease intervention studies were made. RESULTS Baseline and follow-up PET data (interval: 2.3 ± 0.5 years) were available for 25 patients (9 females, 16 males). Median age was 64.7 years (range 46-76); symptom duration: 3 years (0.25-14); Hoehn and Yahr stage (H&Y): 1 (1-2). Annualized DAT decline and effect size were: -8.5 ± 6.6 % and 1.08 for caudate nucleus; -7.1 ± 6.1 % and 1.02 for putamen; -8.3 ± 8.5 % and 0.99 for sensorimotor striatum; -0.11 ± 9.3 % and 0.11 for substantia nigra. The estimated minimum sample size needed for a treatment trial using [18F]FE-PE2I PET as imaging marker is 2-3 times lower than is reported in literature on [123I]FP-CIT SPECT. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal [18F]FE-PE2I PET measurements in non-advanced PD demonstrate a striatal DAT decline consistent with previous SPECT and PET studies. No obvious changes of DAT availability were observed in the substantia nigra, indicating perhaps slower progression or compensatory changes. The effect sizes were numerically larger than reported in the literature for other DAT radioligands, suggesting that [18F]FE-PE2I might detect smaller DAT changes, and can be well used as progression marker in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kerstens
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - P Fazio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Sundgren
- Karolinska University Hospital, Neuro Department, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Brumberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Svenningsson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Neuro Department, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Tangen Ä, Emma RV, Svensson J, Tiger M, Magdalena N, Kimmo S, Andersson M, Pontus PS, Varrone A, Halldin C, Varnäs K, Borg J, Lundberg J. Associations between cognition and serotonin 1B receptor availability in healthy volunteers - A [ 11C]AZ10419369 Positron Emission Tomography study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 26:241-248. [PMID: 36573320 PMCID: PMC10109060 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin system has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders. All major psychiatric disorders are associated with cognitive impairment, but treatment improving cognitive deficits is lacking partly due to limited understanding of the neurobiology of cognitive functioning. Several markers for the serotonin system have been associated with cognitive functions. Our research group has previously reported a positive correlation between serotonin 5-HT1B receptor availability in the dorsal brainstem and visuospatial memory in a pilot study of healthy subjects. Here, we aim to replicate our previous finding in a larger group of healthy volunteers as well as to investigate putative associations between 5-HT1B receptor availability and other cognitive domains. METHODS Forty-three healthy subjects were examined with positron emission tomography using the 5-HT1B receptor radioligand [ 11C]AZ10419369 and a visuospatial memory test to replicate our previous finding, as well as tests of verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility, reaction time and planning ability to explore other domains potentially associated with the serotonin system. RESULTS Replication analysis revealed no statistically significant association between 5-HT1B receptor availability in the dorsal brainstem and visuospatial memory performance. Exploratory analyses showed age-adjusted correlations between 5-HT1B receptor availability in whole brain gray matter and specific brain regions, and number of commission errors, reaction time and planning ability. CONCLUSIONS Higher 5-HT1B receptor availability was associated with more false positive responses and faster reaction time, but lower performance in planning and problem-solving. These results corroborate previous research supporting an important role of the serotonin system in impulsive behavior and planning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ämma Tangen
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Veldman Emma
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Svensson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Tiger
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nord Magdalena
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sorjonen Kimmo
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Andersson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Plavén-Sigray Pontus
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Mikkelsen JD, Aripaka SS, Kaad S, Pazarlar BA, Pinborg L, Finsen B, Varrone A, Bang-Andersen B, Bastlund JF. Characterization of the Novel P2X7 Receptor Radioligand [ 3H]JNJ-64413739 in Human Brain Tissue. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 14:111-118. [PMID: 36535632 PMCID: PMC9817075 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioligands targeting microglia cells have been developed to identify and determine neuroinflammation in the living brain. One recently discovered ligand is JNJ-64413739 that binds selectively to the purinergic receptor P2X7R. The expression of P2X7R is increased under inflammation; hence, the ligand is considered useful in the detection of neuroinflammation in the brain. [18F]JNJ-64413739 has been evaluated in healthy subjects with positron emission tomography; however, the in vitro binding properties of the ligand in human brain tissue have not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure Bmax and Kd of [3H]JNJ-64413739 using autoradiography on human cortical tissue sections resected from a total of 48 patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy. Correlations between the specific binding of [3H]JNJ-64413739 with age, sex, and duration of disease were explored. Finally, to examine the relationship between P2X7R and TSPO availability, specific binding of [3H]JNJ-64413739 and [123I]CLINDE was examined in the same tissue. The binding was measured in both cortical gray and subcortical white matter. Saturation revealed a Kd (5 nM) value similar between gray and white matter but a larger Bmax in the white than in the gray matter. The binding was completely displaced by the cold ligand and structurally different P2X7R ligands. The variability in saturable binding among the samples was found to be 38% in gray and white matter but was not correlated to either age, sex, or the duration of the disease. Interestingly, there was no significant correlation between [3H]JNJ-64413739 and [123I]CLINDE binding. These data demonstrate that [3H]JNJ-64413739 is a suitable radioligand for evaluating the distribution and expression of the P2X7R in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens D. Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark,Institute
of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark,Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark,. Tel.: +45 3545 6701
| | - Sanjay S. Aripaka
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sif Kaad
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Burcu A. Pazarlar
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark,Physiology
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip
Celebi University, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Lars Pinborg
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark,Epilepsy
Clinic, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen
University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
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11
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Wakabayashi Y, Stenkrona P, Arakawa R, Yan X, Van Buskirk MG, Jenkins MD, Santamaria JAM, Maresca KP, Takano A, Liow JS, Chappie TA, Varrone A, Nag S, Zhang L, Hughes ZA, Schmidt CJ, Doran SD, Mannes A, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Ooms M, Morse CL, Zoghbi SS, Halldin C, Pike VW, Innis RB. First-in-Human Evaluation of 18F-PF-06445974, a PET Radioligand That Preferentially Labels Phosphodiesterase-4B. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1919-1924. [PMID: 35772961 PMCID: PMC9730922 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.263838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), which metabolizes the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), has 4 isozymes: PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C, and PDE4D. PDE4B and PDE4D have the highest expression in the brain and may play a role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression and dementia. This study evaluated the properties of the newly developed PDE4B-selective radioligand 18F-PF-06445974 in the brains of rodents, monkeys, and humans. Methods: Three monkeys and 5 healthy human volunteers underwent PET scans after intravenous injection of 18F-PF-06445974. Brain uptake was quantified as total distribution volume (V T) using the standard 2-tissue-compartment model and serial concentrations of parent radioligand in arterial plasma. Results: 18F-PF-06445974 readily distributed throughout monkey and human brain and had the highest binding in the thalamus. The value of V T was well identified by a 2-tissue-compartment model but increased by 10% during the terminal portions (40 and 60 min) of the monkey and human scans, respectively, consistent with radiometabolite accumulation in the brain. The average human V T values for the whole brain were 9.5 ± 2.4 mL ⋅ cm-3 Radiochromatographic analyses in knockout mice showed that 2 efflux transporters-permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-completely cleared the problematic radiometabolite but also partially cleared the parent radioligand from the brain. In vitro studies with the human transporters suggest that the parent radioligand was a partial substrate for BCRP and, to a lesser extent, for P-gp. Conclusion: 18F-PF-06445974 quantified PDE4B in the human brain with reasonable, but not complete, success. The gold standard compartmental method of analyzing brain and plasma data successfully identified the regional densities of PDE4B, which were widespread and highest in the thalamus, as expected. Because the radiometabolite-induced error was only about 10%, the radioligand is, in the opinion of the authors, suitable to extend to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Molecular Imaging Branch, NIMH-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Kevin P. Maresca
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, NIMH-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Zhang
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | - Zoë A. Hughes
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | | | - Shawn D. Doran
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | - Andrew Mannes
- Anesthesia Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Maarten Ooms
- Molecular Imaging Branch, NIMH-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Varrone A, Bundgaard C, Bang-Andersen B. PET as a Translational Tool in Drug Development for Neuroscience Compounds. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 111:774-785. [PMID: 35201613 PMCID: PMC9305164 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In central nervous system drug discovery programs, early development of new chemical entities (NCEs) requires a multidisciplinary strategy and a translational approach to obtain proof of distribution, proof of occupancy, and proof of function in specific brain circuits. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides a way to assess in vivo the brain distribution of NCEs and their binding to the target of interest, provided that radiolabeling of the NCE is possible or that a suitable radioligand is available. PET is therefore a key tool for early phases of drug discovery programs. This review will summarize the main applications of PET in early drug development and discuss the usefulness of PET microdosing studies performed with direct labelling of the NCE and PET occupancy studies. The purpose of this review is also to propose an alignment of the nomenclatures used by drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic scientists and PET imaging scientists to indicate key pharmacokinetic parameters and to provide guidance in the performance and interpretation of PET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Translational Biomarkers and Imaging, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Translational Biomarkers and Imaging, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medicinal Chemistry & Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Veldman ER, Varrone A, Varnäs K, Svedberg MM, Cselényi Z, Tiger M, Gulyás B, Halldin C, Lundberg J. Serotonin 1B receptor density mapping of the human brainstem using positron emission tomography and autoradiography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:630-641. [PMID: 34644198 PMCID: PMC8943614 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211049185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 1B (5-HT1B) receptor has lately received considerable interest in relation to psychiatric and neurological diseases, partly due to findings based on quantification using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Although the brainstem is an important structure in this regard, PET radioligand binding quantification in brainstem areas often shows poor reliability. This study aims to improve PET quantification of 5-HT1B receptor binding in the brainstem.Volumes of interest (VOIs) were selected based on a 3D [3H]AZ10419369 Autoradiography brainstem model, which visualized 5-HT1B receptor distribution in high resolution. Two previously developed VOI delineation methods were tested and compared to a conventional manual method. For a method based on template data, a [11C]AZ10419369 PET template was created by averaging parametric binding potential (BPND) images of 52 healthy subjects. VOIs were generated based on a predefined volume and BPND thresholding and subsequently applied to test-retest [11C]AZ10419369 parametric BPND images of 8 healthy subjects. For a method based on individual subject data, VOIs were generated directly on each individual parametric image.Both methods showed improved reliability compared to a conventional manual VOI. The VOIs created with [11C]AZ10419369 template data can be automatically applied to future PET studies measuring 5-HT1B receptor binding in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Veldman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie M Svedberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Tiger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Guedj E, Varrone A, Boellaard R, Albert NL, Barthel H, van Berckel B, Brendel M, Cecchin D, Ekmekcioglu O, Garibotto V, Lammertsma AA, Law I, Peñuelas I, Semah F, Traub-Weidinger T, van de Giessen E, Van Weehaeghe D, Morbelli S. Correction to: EANM procedure guidelines for brain PET imaging using [ 18F]FDG, version 3. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2100-2101. [PMID: 35254483 PMCID: PMC9016017 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Guedj
- APHM, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Timone Hospital, CERIMED, Nuclear Medicine Department, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
- Service Central de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de la Timone, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Healthcare Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bart van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diego Cecchin
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ozgul Ekmekcioglu
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Nuclear Medicine Dept., University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- NIMTLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Franck Semah
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‑guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Brumberg J, Varrone A. New PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging CNS diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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16
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Nag S, Jahan M, Tóth M, Nakao R, Varrone A, Halldin C. PET Imaging of VMAT2 with the Novel Radioligand [ 18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in Nonhuman Primates: Comparison with [ 11C]DTBZ and [ 18F]FE-DTBZ. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4580-4586. [PMID: 34813272 PMCID: PMC8678981 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The vesicular monoamine
transporter type 2 (VMAT2) is believed
to be responsible for the uptake of monoamines into the vesicles of
the synaptic terminals. Two VMAT2 radioligands [11C]DTBZ
and [18F]FP-DTBZ have been used to assess the degree of
nigrostriatal deficit in Parkinson’s disease (PD) using positron
emission tomography (PET). [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4, the nondeuterated
analogue of [18F]FE-DTBZ showed similar imaging properties
with better stability against defluorination. Therefore, [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 draws attention to be investigated as an imaging marker
for VMAT2 in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the
brain kinetics and quantification of [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in
nonhuman primates (NHPs), with comparison to [11C]DTBZ
and [18F]FE-DTBZ. Radiolabeling was successfully achieved
either by one-step 11C-methylation or by a two-step fluorine-18
nucleophilic substitution reaction. The stability and radiochemical
yield were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Three female cynomolgus monkeys were included in the study and underwent
a total of 12 positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. Each
monkey was examined with each tracer. In addition, two pretreatment
and one displacement PET measurements with tetrabenazine (2.0 mg/kg)
were performed for [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4. All PET measurements
were conducted using a high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT) system.
Radiometabolites were measured in monkey plasma using gradient radio-HPLC.
[18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 (SUV: 4.28 ± 1.01) displayed higher
brain uptake compared to both [18F]FE-DTBZ (SUV: 3.43 ±
0.54) and [11C]DTBZ (SUV: 3.06 ± 0.32) and faster
washout. Binding potential (BPND) values of [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in different brain regions (putamen: 5.5 ± 1.4;
caudate: 4.4 ± 1.1; midbrain: 1.4 ± 0.4) were higher than
those of [11C]DTBZ and [18F]FE-DTBZ. [18F]FE-DTBZ showed faster radiometabolism in plasma compared to [11C]DTBZ and [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4. [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4
is a suitable radioligand for quantification of VMAT2 in the nonhuman
primate brain, with better imaging properties than [11C]DTBZ
and [18F]FE-DTBZ. A preliminary comparison suggests that
[18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 has increased stability against defluorination
compared to the nondeuterated analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Mahabuba Jahan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Ryuji Nakao
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
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17
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Guedj E, Varrone A, Boellaard R, Albert NL, Barthel H, van Berckel B, Brendel M, Cecchin D, Ekmekcioglu O, Garibotto V, Lammertsma AA, Law I, Peñuelas I, Semah F, Traub-Weidinger T, van de Giessen E, Van Weehaeghe D, Morbelli S. EANM procedure guidelines for brain PET imaging using [ 18F]FDG, version 3. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:632-651. [PMID: 34882261 PMCID: PMC8803744 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present procedural guidelines summarize the current views of the EANM Neuro-Imaging Committee (NIC). The purpose of these guidelines is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in making recommendations, performing, interpreting, and reporting results of [18F]FDG-PET imaging of the brain. The aim is to help achieve a high-quality standard of [18F]FDG brain imaging and to further increase the diagnostic impact of this technique in neurological, neurosurgical, and psychiatric practice. The present document replaces a former version of the guidelines that have been published in 2009. These new guidelines include an update in the light of advances in PET technology such as the introduction of digital PET and hybrid PET/MR systems, advances in individual PET semiquantitative analysis, and current broadening clinical indications (e.g., for encephalitis and brain lymphoma). Further insight has also become available about hyperglycemia effects in patients who undergo brain [18F]FDG-PET. Accordingly, the patient preparation procedure has been updated. Finally, most typical brain patterns of metabolic changes are summarized for neurodegenerative diseases. The present guidelines are specifically intended to present information related to the European practice. The information provided should be taken in the context of local conditions and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Guedj
- APHM, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Timone Hospital, CERIMED, Nuclear Medicine Department, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France. .,Service Central de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de la Timone, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Healthcare Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bart van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diego Cecchin
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ozgul Ekmekcioglu
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Nuclear Medicine Dept., University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- NIMTLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Franck Semah
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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18
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Jucaite A, Cselényi Z, Kreisl WC, Rabiner EA, Varrone A, Carson RE, Rinne JO, Savage A, Schou M, Johnström P, Svenningsson P, Rascol O, Meissner WG, Barone P, Seppi K, Kaufmann H, Wenning GK, Poewe W, Farde L. Glia Imaging Differentiates Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson's Disease: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with [ 11 C]PBR28 and Machine Learning Analysis. Mov Disord 2021; 37:119-129. [PMID: 34609758 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) is challenged by overlapping features with Parkinson's disease (PD) and late-onset ataxias. Additional biomarkers are needed to confirm MSA and to advance the understanding of pathophysiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO), expressed by glia cells, has shown elevations in MSA. OBJECTIVE In this multicenter PET study, we assess the performance of TSPO imaging as a diagnostic marker for MSA. METHODS We analyzed [11 C]PBR28 binding to TSPO using imaging data of 66 patients with MSA and 24 patients with PD. Group comparisons were based on regional analysis of parametric images. The diagnostic readout included visual reading of PET images against clinical diagnosis and machine learning analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating curves were used to discriminate MSA from PD and cerebellar from parkinsonian variant MSA. RESULTS We observed a conspicuous pattern of elevated regional [11 C]PBR28 binding to TSPO in MSA as compared with PD, with "hotspots" in the lentiform nucleus and cerebellar white matter. Visual reading discriminated MSA from PD with 100% specificity and 83% sensitivity. The machine learning approach improved sensitivity to 96%. We identified MSA subtype-specific TSPO binding patterns. CONCLUSIONS We found a pattern of significantly increased regional glial TSPO binding in patients with MSA. Intriguingly, our data are in line with severe neuroinflammation in MSA. Glia imaging may have potential to support clinical MSA diagnosis and patient stratification in clinical trials on novel drug therapies for an α-synucleinopathy that remains strikingly incurable. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William C Kreisl
- Taub Institute, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, London, UK.,Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivier Rascol
- French MSA Reference Centre, Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1436, Department of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, NeuroToul COEN Centre, UMR 1 214-ToNIC and University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM and University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- CRMR AMS, Service de Neurologie-Maladies Neurodégénératives, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Centre, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Liu L, Johnson PD, Prime ME, Khetarpal V, Lee MR, Brown CJ, Chen X, Clark-Frew D, Coe S, Conlon M, Davis R, Ensor S, Esposito S, Moren AF, Gai X, Green S, Greenaway C, Haber J, Halldin C, Hayes S, Herbst T, Herrmann F, Heßmann M, Hsai MM, Kotey A, Mangette JE, Mills MR, Monteagudo E, Nag S, Nibbio M, Orsatti L, Schaertl S, Scheich C, Sproston J, Stepanov V, Varnäs K, Varrone A, Wityak J, Mrzljak L, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Bard JA, Dominguez C. [ 11C]CHDI-626, a PET Tracer Candidate for Imaging Mutant Huntingtin Aggregates with Reduced Binding to AD Pathological Proteins. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12003-12021. [PMID: 34351166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The expanded polyglutamine-containing mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein is implicated in neuronal degeneration of medium spiny neurons in Huntington's disease (HD) for which multiple therapeutic approaches are currently being evaluated to eliminate or reduce mHTT. Development of effective and orthogonal biomarkers will ensure accurate assessment of the safety and efficacy of pharmacologic interventions. We have identified and optimized a class of ligands that bind to oligomerized/aggregated mHTT, which is a hallmark in the HD postmortem brain. These ligands are potentially useful imaging biomarkers for HD therapeutic development in both preclinical and clinical settings. We describe here the optimization of the benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine series that show selective binding to mHTT aggregates over Aβ- and/or tau-aggregates associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. Compound [11C]-2 was selected as a clinical candidate based on its high free fraction in the brain, specific binding in the HD mouse model, and rapid brain uptake/washout in nonhuman primate positron emission tomography imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Peter D Johnson
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Michael E Prime
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Vinod Khetarpal
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Matthew R Lee
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Daniel Clark-Frew
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Samuel Coe
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Mike Conlon
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Randall Davis
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Samantha Ensor
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Simone Esposito
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30,600, Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Anton Forsberg Moren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Xinjie Gai
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Samantha Green
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Catherine Greenaway
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - James Haber
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Todd Herbst
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Frank Herrmann
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Manuela Heßmann
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Ming Min Hsai
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Adrian Kotey
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - John E Mangette
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Matthew R Mills
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Martina Nibbio
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30,600, Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Laura Orsatti
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30,600, Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Sabine Schaertl
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheich
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Joanne Sproston
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - John Wityak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Ladislav Mrzljak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Ignacio Munoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Jonathan A Bard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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20
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Honkanen EA, Noponen T, Hirvilammi R, Lindholm K, Parkkola R, Joutsa J, Varrone A, Kaasinen V. Sex correction improves the accuracy of clinical dopamine transporter imaging. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:82. [PMID: 34424408 PMCID: PMC8382816 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical diagnostic imaging, dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT scans are commonly evaluated using automated semiquantitative analysis software. Age correction is routinely implemented, but usually no sex correction of DAT binding is performed. Since there are sex differences in presynaptic dopaminergic function, we investigated the effect of DAT sex correction in a sample of healthy volunteers who underwent brain [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT. Methods Forty healthy elderly individuals (21 men and 19 women) underwent brain [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT, and each subject was examined clinically for motor and non-motor parkinsonian symptoms and signs. Regional specific DAT binding ratios (SBR = [ROI-occ]/occ) were calculated using age correction, and the results were compared to those in normal databases with and without sex correction. The level of regional abnormality was set at 2 standard deviations below the mean values of the reference databases. Results In the analysis without sex correction, compared to the mean ratio of the reference database, ten healthy individuals (8 men and 2 women) had abnormally low DAT binding ratios, and four individuals (3 men and 1 woman) had borderline low DAT binding ratios in at least one striatal region. When sex correction was implemented, the ratio of one individual was abnormal, and the ratio of one individual was borderline (both males). There were no clinically significant differences in motor or non-motor symptoms between healthy volunteers with abnormal and normal binding. Conclusions A considerable number of elderly healthy male subjects can be interpreted to be dopaminergically abnormal if no sex correction of DAT binding is performed. Sex differences in striatal dopaminergic function should be taken into account when DAT imaging is used to assist clinical diagnostics in patients with suspected neurological disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13550-021-00825-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Honkanen
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Neurology, Satasairaala Central Hospital, Pori, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre , Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tommi Noponen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Risto Hirvilammi
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Lindholm
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre , Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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21
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Brumberg J, Kerstens V, Cselényi Z, Svenningsson P, Sundgren M, Fazio P, Varrone A. Simplified quantification of [ 18F]FE-PE2I PET in Parkinson's disease: Discriminative power, test-retest reliability and longitudinal validity during early peak and late pseudo-equilibrium. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1291-1300. [PMID: 32955955 PMCID: PMC8138335 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20958755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of dopamine transporter (DAT) availability with [18F]FE-PE2I PET enables the detection of presynaptic dopamine deficiency and provides a potential progression marker for Parkinson`s disease (PD). Simplified quantification is feasible, but the time window of short acquisition protocols may have a substantial impact on the reliability of striatal binding estimates. Dynamic [18F]FE-PE2I PET data of cross-sectional (33 PD patients, 24 controls), test-retest (9 patients), and longitudinal (12 patients) cohorts were used to assess the variability and reliability of specific binding ratios (SBR) measured during early peak and late pseudo-equilibrium. Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (PD vs. controls) was high for early (0.996) and late (0.991) SBR. Early SBR provided more favourable effect size, absolute variability, and standard error of measurement than late SBR (caudate: 1.29 vs. 1.23; 6.9% vs. 9.8%; 0.09 vs. 0.20; putamen: 1.75 vs. 1.67; 7.7% vs. 14.0%; 0.08 vs. 0.17). The annual percentage change was comparable for both time windows (-7.2%-8.5%), but decline was significant only for early SBR. Whereas early and late [18F]FE-PE2I PET acquisitions have similar discriminative power to separate PD patients and controls, the early peak equilibrium acquisition can be recommended if [18F]FE-PE2I is used to measure longitudinal changes of DAT availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Brumberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vera Kerstens
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,AstraZeneca Translational Science Centre at Karolinska Institutet PET CoE, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Sundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Jucaite A, Stenkrona P, Cselényi Z, De Vita S, Buil-Bruna N, Varnäs K, Savage A, Varrone A, Johnström P, Schou M, Davison C, Sykes A, Pilla Reddy V, Hoch M, Vazquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Halldin C, Merchant MS, Pass M, Farde L. Brain exposure of the ATM inhibitor AZD1390 in humans-a positron emission tomography study. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:687-696. [PMID: 33123736 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mediates cellular response to DNA damage induced by radiation. ATM inhibition decreases DNA damage repair in tumor cells and affects tumor growth. AZD1390 is a novel, highly potent, selective ATM inhibitor designed to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and currently evaluated with radiotherapy in a phase I study in patients with brain malignancies. In the present study, PET was used to measure brain exposure of 11C-labeled AZD1390 after intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration in healthy subjects with an intact BBB. METHODS AZD1390 was radiolabeled with carbon-11 and a microdose (mean injected mass 1.21 µg) was injected in 8 male subjects (21-65 y). The radioactivity concentration of [11C]AZD1390 in brain was measured using a high-resolution PET system. Radioactivity in arterial blood was measured to obtain a metabolite corrected arterial input function for quantitative image analysis. Participants were monitored by laboratory examinations, vital signs, electrocardiogram, adverse events. RESULTS The brain radioactivity concentration of [11C]AZD1390 was 0.64 SUV (standard uptake value) and reached maximum 1.00% of injected dose at Tmax[brain] of 21 min (time of maximum brain radioactivity concentration) after i.v. injection. The whole brain total distribution volume was 5.20 mL*cm-3. No adverse events related to [11C]AZD1390 were reported. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that [11C]AZD1390 crosses the intact BBB and supports development of AZD1390 for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme or other brain malignancies. Moreover, it illustrates the potential of PET microdosing in predicting and guiding dose range and schedule for subsequent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nuria Buil-Bruna
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andy Sykes
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthias Hoch
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Ekman S, Cselényi Z, Varrone A, Jucaite A, Martin H, Schou M, Johnström P, Laus G, Lewensohn R, Brown A, Van Der Aart J, Vishwanathan K, Farde L. P76.72 A PET and MRI Study Exploring Osimertinib Brain Exposure and Efficacy in EGFRm NSCLC CNS Metastases. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Morbelli S, Ekmekcioglu O, Barthel H, Albert NL, Boellaard R, Cecchin D, Guedj E, Lammertsma AA, Law I, Penuelas I, Semah F, Traub-Weidinger T, van de Giessen E, Varrone A, Garibotto V. COVID-19 and the brain: impact on nuclear medicine in neurology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2487-2492. [PMID: 32700058 PMCID: PMC7375837 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy. .,Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Department of Health Sciences(DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Ozgul Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diego Cecchin
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eric Guedj
- APHM, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Timone Hospital, CERIMED, Nuclear Medicine Department, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Penuelas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Franck Semah
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- NIMTLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Miranda-Azpiazu P, Svedberg M, Higuchi M, Ono M, Jia Z, Sunnemark D, Elmore CS, Schou M, Varrone A. Identification and in vitro characterization of C05-01, a PBB3 derivative with improved affinity for alpha-synuclein. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147131. [PMID: 32956648 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmark of Parkinsońs disease, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies is the accumulation of α-synuclein. The development of an imaging biomarker for α-synuclein is an unmet need. To date, no selective α-synuclein imaging agent has been identified, though initial studies suggest that the tau tracer [11C]PBB3 displays some degree of binding to α-synuclein. In this study, a series of compounds derived from the PBB3 scaffold were examined using fluorescence imaging and tissue microarrays (TMAs) derived from brain samples with different proteinopathies. One compound, C05-01, was selected based on its higher fluorescence signal associated with Lewy body aggregates compared with other PBB3 analogues. In vitro binding assays using human brain homogenates and recombinant fibrils indicated that C05-01 had higher affinity for α-synuclein (KD/Ki 25 nM for fibrils, Ki 3.5 nM for brain homogenates) as compared with PBB3 (KD 58 nM). In autoradiography (ARG) studies using fresh frozen human tissue and TMAs, [3H]C05-01 displayed specific binding in cases with α-synuclein pathology. C05-01 is the first PBB3 analogue developed as a potential compound targeting α-synuclein. Despite improved affinity for α-synuclein, C05-01 showed specific binding in AD tissue with Amyloid β and tau pathology, as well as relatively high non-specific and off-target binding. Additional efforts are needed to optimize the pharmacological and physicochemical properties of this series of compounds as ligands for α-synuclein. This study also showed that the construction of TMAs from different proteinopathies provides a tool for evaluation of fluorescent or radiolabelled compounds binding to misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Miranda-Azpiazu
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie Svedberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maiko Ono
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Sunnemark
- Offspring Biosciences, Sweden AB, Södertälje, Sweden; Applied Immunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The dopamine transporter (DAT) serves as biomarker for parkinsonian syndromes. DAT can be measured in vivo with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). DAT-SPECT is the current clinical molecular imaging standard. However, PET has advantages over SPECT measurements, and PET radioligands with the necessary properties for clinical applications are on the rise. Therefore, it is time to review the role of DAT imaging with SPECT compared to PET.
Methods
PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature of the previous 10 years. Four topics for comparison were used: diagnostic accuracy, quantitative accuracy, logistics, and flexibility.
Results
There are a few studies directly comparing DAT-PET and DAT-SPECT. PET and SPECT both perform well in discriminating neurodegenerative from non-neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Clinical DAT-PET imaging seems feasible only recently, thanks to simplified DAT assessments and better availability of PET radioligands and systems. The higher resolution of PET makes more comprehensive assessments of disease progression in the basal ganglia possible. Additionally, it has the possibility of multimodal target assessment.
Conclusion
DAT-SPECT is established for differentiating degenerative from non-degenerative parkinsonism. For further differentiation within neurodegenerative Parkinsonian syndromes, DAT-PET has essential benefits. Nowadays, because of wider availability of PET systems and radioligand production centers, and the possibility to use simplified quantification methods, DAT-PET imaging is feasible for clinical use. Therefore, DAT-PET needs to be considered for a more active role in the clinic to take a step forward to a more comprehensive understanding and assessment of Parkinson’s disease.
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Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘18F-MK-6240 PET for early and late detection of neurofibrillary tangles’, by Pascoal et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa180).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Forsberg Morén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Kerstens VS, Fazio P, Sundgren M, Matheson GJ, Franzén E, Halldin C, Cervenka S, Svenningsson P, Varrone A. Reliability of dopamine transporter PET measurements with [ 18F]FE-PE2I in patients with Parkinson's disease. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:95. [PMID: 32797307 PMCID: PMC7427674 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable quantification of dopamine transporter (DAT), a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD), is essential for diagnostic purposes as well as for evaluation of potential disease-modifying treatment. Due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and thus lower expected radioligand binding to DAT, higher measurement variability in PD patients might be expected than earlier reproducibility results in healthy controls. Therefore, we aimed to examine the test-retest properties of [18F]FE-PE2I-PET in PD patients. Methods Nine patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage < 3) were included (men/women 6/3; mean age 65.2 ± 6.8 years). Each patient underwent two [18F]FE-PE2I-PET measurements within 7–28 days. The outcome measure was non-displaceable binding potential generated using wavelet-aided parametric imaging with cerebellum as reference region. We assessed test-retest performance using estimates of reliability and repeatability. Regions for primary analysis were caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra. Exploratory analysis was performed for functional subdivisions of the striatum. We also compared the more vs. less affected side. Results [18F]FE-PE2I showed absolute variability estimates of 5.3–7.6% in striatal regions and 11% in substantia nigra and ICCs of 0.74–0.97 (median 0.91). The absolute variability for functional striatal subdivisions was 6.0–9.6% and ICCs of 0.76–0.91 (median 0.91). The less affected substantia nigra exhibited greater consistency than the more affected side. According to power calculations based on the current sample size, DAT changes of 5–11% in the striatum and 28% in the substantia nigra can be detected with a power of 0.8 (p < 0.0125). Conclusion DAT-PET measurements with [18F]FE-PE2I in PD patients showed good repeatability and reliability. The slightly lower reliability in the substantia nigra in patients may be explained by lower DAT density and smaller anatomical size. Power calculations suggest that [18F]FE-PE2I PET is a suitable marker for longitudinal DAT decline in PD. Trial registration EudraCT 2017-003327-29
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Kerstens
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Sundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Function Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Laurell GL, Plavén-Sigray P, Jucaite A, Varrone A, Cosgrove KP, Svarer C, Knudsen GM, Ogden RT, Zanderigo F, Cervenka S, Hillmer AT, Schain M. Nondisplaceable Binding Is a Potential Confounding Factor in 11C-PBR28 Translocator Protein PET Studies. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:412-417. [PMID: 32680926 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The PET ligand 11C-PBR28 (N-((2-(methoxy-11C)-phenyl)methyl)-N-(6-phenoxy-3-pyridinyl)acetamide) binds to the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a biomarker of glia. In clinical studies of TSPO, the ligand total distribution volume, VT, is frequently the reported outcome measure. Since VT is the sum of the ligand-specific distribution volume (VS) and the nondisplaceable-binding distribution volume (VND), differences in VND across subjects and groups will have an impact on VT Methods: Here, we used a recently developed method for simultaneous estimation of VND (SIME) to disentangle contributions from VND and VS Data from 4 previously published 11C-PBR28 PET studies were included: before and after a lipopolysaccharide challenge (8 subjects), in alcohol use disorder (14 patients, 15 controls), in first-episode psychosis (16 patients, 16 controls), and in Parkinson disease (16 patients, 16 controls). In each dataset, regional VT estimates were obtained with a standard 2-tissue-compartment model, and brain-wide VND was estimated with SIME. VS was then calculated as VT - VND VND and VS were then compared across groups, within each dataset. Results: A lower VND was found for individuals with alcohol-use disorder (34%, P = 0.00084) and Parkinson disease (34%, P = 0.0032) than in their corresponding controls. We found no difference in VND between first-episode psychosis patients and their controls, and the administration of lipopolysaccharide did not change VND Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in TSPO PET studies, nondisplaceable binding can differ between patient groups and conditions and should therefore be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjertrud L Laurell
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Cselényi Z, Jucaite A, Kristensson C, Stenkrona P, Ewing P, Varrone A, Johnström P, Schou M, Vazquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Bolin M, Siikanen J, Grybäck P, Larsson B, Halldin C, Grime K, Eriksson UG, Farde L. Quantification and reliability of [ 11C]VC - 002 binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the human lung - a test-retest PET study in control subjects. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:59. [PMID: 32495011 PMCID: PMC7270393 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radioligand [11C]VC-002 was introduced in a small initial study long ago for imaging of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in human lungs using positron emission tomography (PET). The objectives of the present study in control subjects were to advance the methodology for quantification of [11C]VC-002 binding in lung and to examine the reliability using a test-retest paradigm. This work constituted a self-standing preparatory step in a larger clinical trial aiming at estimating mAChR occupancy in the human lungs following inhalation of mAChR antagonists. METHODS PET measurements using [11C]VC-002 and the GE Discovery 710 PET/CT system were performed in seven control subjects at two separate occasions, 2-19 days apart. One subject discontinued the study after the first measurement. Radioligand binding to mAChRs in lung was quantified using an image-derived arterial input function. The total distribution volume (VT) values were obtained on a regional and voxel-by-voxel basis. Kinetic one-tissue and two-tissue compartment models (1TCM, 2TCM), analysis based on linearization of the compartment models (multilinear Logan) and image analysis by data-driven estimation of parametric images based on compartmental theory (DEPICT) were applied. The test-retest repeatability of VT estimates was evaluated by absolute variability (VAR) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS The 1TCM was the statistically preferred model for description of [11C]VC-002 binding in the lungs. Low VAR (< 10%) across analysis methods indicated good reliability of the PET measurements. The VT estimates were stable after 60 min. CONCLUSIONS The kinetic behaviour and good repeatability of [11C]VC-002 as well as the novel lung image analysis methodology support its application in applied studies on drug-induced mAChR receptor occupancy and the pathophysiology of pulmonary disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03097380, registered: 31 March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Ewing
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Bolin
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Siikanen
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Grybäck
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Larsson
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ken Grime
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Varrone A, Varnäs K, Jucaite A, Cselényi Z, Johnström P, Schou M, Vazquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Halldin C, Brown AP, Vishwanathan K, Farde L. A PET study in healthy subjects of brain exposure of 11C-labelled osimertinib - A drug intended for treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:799-807. [PMID: 31006308 PMCID: PMC7168784 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19843776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osimertinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRm) with observed efficacy in patients with brain metastases. Brain exposure and drug distribution in tumor regions are important criteria for evaluation and confirmation of CNS efficacy. The aim of this PET study was therefore to determine brain distribution and exposure of 11C-labelled osimertinib administered intravenously in subjects with an intact blood-brain barrier. Eight male healthy subjects (age 52 ± 8 years) underwent one PET measurement with 11C-osimertinib. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax(brain) (standardized uptake value), Tmax(brain) and AUC0-90 minbrain/blood ratio were calculated. The outcome measure for 11C-osimertinib brain exposure was the total distribution volume (VT). 11C-osimertinib distributed rapidly to the brain, with higher uptake in grey than in white matter. Mean Cmax, Tmax and AUC0-90 minbrain/blood ratio were 1.5 (range 1-1.8), 13 min (range 5-30 min), and 3.8 (range 3.3-4.1). Whole brain and white matter VT were 14 mL×cm-3 (range 11-18) and 7 mL×cm-3 (range 5-12). This study in healthy volunteers shows that 11C-osimertinib penetrates the intact blood-brain barrier. The approach used further illustrates the role of molecular imaging in facilitating the development of novel drugs for the treatment of malignancies affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad M Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karthick Vishwanathan
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Arakawa R, Takano A, Stenkrona P, Stepanov V, Nag S, Jahan M, Grybäck P, Bolin M, Chen L, Zhang L, He P, Villalobos A, McCarthy TJ, Halldin C, Varrone A. PET imaging of beta-secretase 1 in the human brain: radiation dosimetry, quantification, and test-retest examination of [ 18F]PF-06684511. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2429-2439. [PMID: 32140803 PMCID: PMC7396399 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) enzyme is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. [18F]PF-06684511 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for imaging BACE1. Despite favorable brain kinetic properties, the effective dose (ED) of [18F]PF-06684511 estimated in non-human primates was relatively high. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the whole-body distribution, dosimetry, quantification, and test-retest reliability of imaging brain BACE1 with [18F]PF-06684511 in healthy volunteers. Methods Five subjects were studied for the dosimetry study. Whole-body PET was performed for 366 min with 4 PET-CT sessions. Estimates of the absorbed radiation dose were calculated using the male adult model. Eight subjects participated in the test-retest study. Brain PET measurements were conducted for 123 min with an interval of 5 to 19 days between test and retest conditions. The total distribution volume (VT) was estimated with one-tissue (1T), two-tissue (2T), compartment model (CM), and graphical analysis. Test-retest variability (TRV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of VT were calculated as reliability measures. Results In the dosimetry study, the highest uptake was found in the liver (25.2 ± 2.3 %ID at 0.5 h) and the largest dose was observed in the pancreas (92.9 ± 52.2 μSv/MBq). The calculated ED was 24.7 ± 0.8 μSv/MBq. In the test-retest study, 2TCM described the time-activity curves well. VT (2TCM) was the highest in the anterior cingulate cortex (6.28 ± 1.09 and 6.85 ± 0.81) and the lowest in the cerebellum (4.23 ± 0.88 and 4.20 ± 0.75). Mean TRV and ICC of VT (2TCM) were 16.5% (12.4–20.5%) and 0.496 (0.291–0.644). Conclusion The ED of [18F]PF-06684511 was similar to other 18F radioligands, allowing repeated PET measurements. 2TCM was the most appropriate quantification method. TRV of VT was similar to other radioligands without a reference region, albeit with lower ICC. These data indicated that [18F]PF-06684511 is a suitable radioligand to measure BACE1 level in the human brain. Trial registration EudraCT 2016-001110-19 (registered 2016-08-08)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Arakawa
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahabuba Jahan
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Grybäck
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Bolin
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laigao Chen
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ping He
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fazio P, Ferreira D, Svenningsson P, Halldin C, Farde L, Westman E, Varrone A. High-resolution PET imaging reveals subtle impairment of the serotonin transporter in an early non-depressed Parkinson's disease cohort. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2407-2416. [PMID: 32020370 PMCID: PMC7396398 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a biochemical marker for monoaminergic signaling in brain and has been suggested to be involved inthe pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this PET study was to examine SERT availability in relevant brain regions in early stages ofnon-depressed PD patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 18 PD patients (13 M/5F, 64 ± 7 years, range 46-74 years, disease duration 2.9 ± 2.6 years; UPDRS motor 21.9 ± 5.2) and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) subjects (15 M/5F, 61 ± 7 years, range 50-72 years) were included. In a subsequent longitudinal phase, ten of the PD patients (7 M/3F, UPDRS motor 20.6 ± 6.9) underwent a second PET measurement after 18-24 months. After a 3-T MRI acquisition, baseline PET measurements were performed with [11C]MADAM using a high-resolution research tomograph. The non-displaceablebinding potential (BPND) was chosen as the outcome measure and was estimated at voxel level on wavelet-aided parametric images, by using the Logan graphical analysis and the cerebellum as reference region. A molecular template was generated to visualize and define different subdivisions of the raphe nuclei in the brainstem. Subortical and cortical regions of interest were segmented using FreeSurfer. Univariate analyses and multivariate network analyses were performed on the PET data. RESULTS The univariate region-based analysis showed no differences in SERT levels when the PD patients were compared with the HC neither at baseline or after 2 years of follow-up. The multivariate network analysis also showed no differences at baseline. However, prominent changes in integration and segregation measures were observed at follow-up, indicating a disconnection of the cortical and subcortical regions from the three nuclei of the raphe. CONCLUSION We conclude that the serotoninergic system in PD patients seems to become involved with a network dysregulation as the disease progresses, suggesting a disturbed serotonergic signaling from raphe nuclei to target subcortical and cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Fazio
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, RegionStockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, R5:02, Visionsgatan 70A, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, RegionStockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, R5:02, Visionsgatan 70A, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, RegionStockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, R5:02, Visionsgatan 70A, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, RegionStockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, R5:02, Visionsgatan 70A, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fazio P, Fitzer-Attas CJ, Mrzljak L, Bronzova J, Nag S, Warner JH, Landwehrmeyer B, Al-Tawil N, Halldin C, Forsberg A, Ware J, Dilda V, Wood A, Sampaio C, Varrone A. PET Molecular Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 10A: An Early Biomarker of Huntington's Disease Progression. Mov Disord 2020; 35:606-615. [PMID: 31967355 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in phosphodiesterase 10A enzyme levels may be a suitable biomarker of disease progression in Huntington's disease. OBJECTIVES To evaluate phosphodiesterase 10A PET imaging as a biomarker of HD progression using the radioligand, [18 F]MNI-659. METHODS The cross-sectional study (NCT02061722) included 45 Huntington's disease gene-expansion carriers stratified into four disease stages (early and late premanifest and Huntington's disease stages 1 and 2) and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The primary analysis compared striatal and pallidal phosphodiesterase 10A availability between Huntington's disease gene-expansion carriers and healthy controls as assessed by [18 F]MNI-659 binding. We assessed changes in phosphodiesterase 10A expression using several PET methodologies and compared with previously proposed measures of Huntington's disease progression (PET imaging of D2/3 receptors and anatomical volume loss on MRI). The longitudinal follow-up study (NCT02956148) continued evaluation of phosphodiesterase 10A availability in 35 Huntington's disease gene-expansion carriers at a mean of 18 months from baseline of the cross-sectional study. RESULTS Primary analyses revealed that phosphodiesterase 10A availability in caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus was significantly lower in Huntington's disease gene-expansion carriers versus healthy controls across all stages. Striatal and pallidal phosphodiesterase 10A availability progressively declined in the premanifest stages and appeared to plateau between stages 1 and 2. The percentage decline of phosphodiesterase 10A availability measured cross-sectionally between Huntington's disease gene-expansion carriers and healthy controls was greater than that demonstrated by D2/3 receptor availability or volumetric changes. Annualized rates of phosphodiesterase 10A change showed a statistically significant decline between the cross-sectional study and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS [18 F]MNI-659 PET imaging is a biologically plausible biomarker of Huntington's disease progression that is more sensitive than the dopamine-receptor and volumetric methods currently used. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Fazio
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Juliana Bronzova
- European Huntington's Disease Network, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sangram Nag
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John H Warner
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Nabil Al-Tawil
- Karolinska Trial Alliance, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Forsberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Ware
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Andrew Wood
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
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Ekman S, Varrone A, Jucaite A, Vishwanathan K, Brown A, Cselényi Z, Martin H, Lewensohn R, Schou M, Laus G, Van Der Aart J, Johnström P, Singh N, Farde L. P2.14-33 An Open-Label PET-MRI Study to Determine Brain Exposure of Osimertinib in Patients with EGFR Mutant NSCLC and CNS Metastases. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Sarnyai Z, Nagy K, Patay G, Molnár M, Rosenqvist G, Tóth M, Takano A, Gulyás B, Major P, Halldin C, Varrone A. Performance Evaluation of a High-Resolution Nonhuman Primate PET/CT System. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1818-1824. [PMID: 31302634 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.206243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The LFER 150 PET/CT device (large-field-of-view extreme-resolution portable research imager) is a system for nonhuman primate (NHP) imaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the system using the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 4-2008 standard protocol. As a preliminary in vivo evaluation of the system, a PET measurement in an NHP was also performed. Methods: Resolution, sensitivity, image quality, and noise-equivalent count rate (NECR) were measured. NECR measurement was performed with a ratlike phantom and a monkeylike phantom. A Derenzo phantom experiment was performed to test the resolution using 3-dimensional ordered-subset expectation maximization reconstruction. One cynomolgus monkey (4.5 kg, intravenous ketamine/xylazine anesthesia) was examined with the dopamine transporter radioligand 18F-FE-PE2I (94 MBq) to evaluate the in vivo performance of the system. List-mode PET data acquired for 93 min were reconstructed into 38 frames with the Tera-Tomo 3-dimensional engine. Binding potential for caudate nucleus, putamen, and substantia nigra was evaluated using the simplified reference tissue model. Results: Radial full-width half-maximum resolution using Fourier rebinning and a 2-dimensional filtered backprojection algorithm was less than 2.2 mm and less than 3.2 mm in the central 60-mm-diameter and 140-mm-diameter regions, respectively. Maximum sensitivity in the 400- to 600-keV and 250- to 750-keV energy windows was 30.03 cps/kBq (3.3%) and 49.11 cps/kBq (5.4%), respectively. The uniformity in the image-quality phantom was 3.3%, and the spillover ratio for air and water was 0.1. The peak of the NECR curve was 430 kcps (at 115 MBq) with the ratlike phantom and 78 kcps (at 139 MBq) with the monkeylike phantom. Rods of the Derenzo phantom with 1-mm diameter could be distinguished by eye. In the NHP experiment, binding potentials in the caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra (4.9, 4.9, and 1, respectively) were similar to those previously reported using the same radioligand and a high-resolution research tomograph. Conclusion: The results obtained from phantom experiments and 1 representative PET measurement in an NHP confirm that the LFER 150 is a high-resolution PET/CT system with suitable performance for brain imaging in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sarnyai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Göran Rosenqvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zeitler B, Froelich S, Marlen K, Shivak DA, Yu Q, Li D, Pearl JR, Miller JC, Zhang L, Paschon DE, Hinkley SJ, Ankoudinova I, Lam S, Guschin D, Kopan L, Cherone JM, Nguyen HOB, Qiao G, Ataei Y, Mendel MC, Amora R, Surosky R, Laganiere J, Vu BJ, Narayanan A, Sedaghat Y, Tillack K, Thiede C, Gärtner A, Kwak S, Bard J, Mrzljak L, Park L, Heikkinen T, Lehtimäki KK, Svedberg MM, Häggkvist J, Tari L, Tóth M, Varrone A, Halldin C, Kudwa AE, Ramboz S, Day M, Kondapalli J, Surmeier DJ, Urnov FD, Gregory PD, Rebar EJ, Muñoz-Sanjuán I, Zhang HS. Allele-selective transcriptional repression of mutant HTT for the treatment of Huntington's disease. Nat Med 2019; 25:1131-1142. [PMID: 31263285 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT), which codes for the pathologic mutant HTT (mHTT) protein. Since normal HTT is thought to be important for brain function, we engineered zinc finger protein transcription factors (ZFP-TFs) to target the pathogenic CAG repeat and selectively lower mHTT as a therapeutic strategy. Using patient-derived fibroblasts and neurons, we demonstrate that ZFP-TFs selectively repress >99% of HD-causing alleles over a wide dose range while preserving expression of >86% of normal alleles. Other CAG-containing genes are minimally affected, and virally delivered ZFP-TFs are active and well tolerated in HD neurons beyond 100 days in culture and for at least nine months in the mouse brain. Using three HD mouse models, we demonstrate improvements in a range of molecular, histopathological, electrophysiological and functional endpoints. Our findings support the continued development of an allele-selective ZFP-TF for the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qi Yu
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Davis Li
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Lei Zhang
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Lam
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Guschin
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA.,Laboratory of Intracellular Signalling, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation
| | - Lexi Kopan
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Josee Laganiere
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA.,Medical Affairs and Innovation, Hema-Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Joseph Vu
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Seung Kwak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Bard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Larry Park
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Marie M Svedberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Häggkvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lenke Tari
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Michelle Day
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jyothisri Kondapalli
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fyodor D Urnov
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - H Steve Zhang
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA.,Applied StemCell, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA
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Artelsmair M, Miranda-Azpiazu P, Kingston L, Bergare J, Schou M, Varrone A, Elmore CS. Synthesis, 3 H-labelling and in vitro evaluation of a substituted dipiperidine alcohol as a potential ligand for chemokine receptor 2. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:265-279. [PMID: 30937946 PMCID: PMC6617762 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is implicated in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders. The C‐C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is one of the key targets involved in the activation of the immune system. A suitable ligand for CCR2 could be a useful tool to study immune activation in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Herein, we describe the synthesis, tritium radiolabelling, and preliminary in vitro evaluation in post‐mortem human brain tissue of a known potent small molecule antagonist for CCR2. The preparation of a tritium‐labelled analogue for the autoradiography (ARG) study gave rise to an intriguing and unexpected side reaction profile through a novel amination of ethanol and methanol in the presence of tritium. After successful preparation of the tritiated radioligand, in vitro ARG measurements on human brain sections revealed nonspecific binding properties of the selected antagonist in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Artelsmair
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Miranda-Azpiazu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre of Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lee Kingston
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergare
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre of Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cairns AG, Vazquez-Romero A, Mahdi Moein M, Ådén J, Elmore CS, Takano A, Arakawa R, Varrone A, Almqvist F, Schou M. Increased Brain Exposure of an Alpha-Synuclein Fibrillization Modulator by Utilization of an Activated Ester Prodrug Strategy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2542-2547. [PMID: 29901990 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work in our laboratories has identified a series of peptidomimetic 2-pyridone molecules as modulators of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) fibrillization in vitro. As a first step toward developing molecules from this scaffold as positron emission tomography imaging agents, we were interested in evaluating their blood-brain barrier permeability in nonhuman primates (NHP) in vivo. For this purpose, 2-pyridone 12 was prepared and found to accelerate α-syn fibrillization in vitro. Acid 12, and its acetoxymethyl ester analogue 14, were then radiolabeled with 11C ( t1/2 = 20.4 min) at high radiochemical purity (>99%) and high specific radioactivity (>37 GBq/μmol). Following intravenous injection of each compound in NHP, a 4-fold higher radioactivity in brain was observed for [11C]14 compared to [11C]12 (0.8 vs 0.2 SUV, respectively). [11C]14 was rapidly eliminated from plasma, with [11C]12 as the major metabolic product observed by radio-HPLC. The presented prodrug approach paves the way for future development of 2-pyridones as imaging biomarkers for in vivo imaging of α-synuclein deposits in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charles S. Elmore
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jakobson Mo S, Axelsson J, Jonasson L, Larsson A, Ögren MJ, Ögren M, Varrone A, Eriksson L, Bäckström D, Af Bjerkén S, Linder J, Riklund K. Dopamine transporter imaging with [ 18F]FE-PE2I PET and [ 123I]FP-CIT SPECT-a clinical comparison. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:100. [PMID: 30443684 PMCID: PMC6238014 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging may be of diagnostic value in patients with clinically suspected parkinsonian disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of DAT imaging with positron emission computed tomography (PET), using the recently developed, highly DAT-selective radiopharmaceutical [18F]FE-PE2I (FE-PE2I), to the commercially available and frequently used method with [123I]FP-CIT (FP-CIT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in early-stage idiopathic parkinsonian syndrome (PS). Methods Twenty-two patients with a clinical de novo diagnosis of PS and 28 healthy controls (HC) participating in an on-going clinical trial of FE-PE2I were analyzed in this study. Within the trial protocol, participants are clinically reassessed 2 years after inclusion. A commercially available software was used for automatic calculation of FP-CIT-specific uptake ratio (SUR). MRI-based volumes of interest combined with threshold PET segmentation were used for FE-PE2I binding potential relative to non-displaceable binding (BPND) quantification and specific uptake value ratios (SUVR). Results PET with FE-PE2I revealed significant differences between patients with a clinical de novo diagnosis of PS and healthy controls in striatal DAT availability (p < 0.001), with excellent accuracy of predicting dopaminergic deficit in early-stage PS. The effect sizes were calculated for FE-PE2I BPND (Glass’s Δ = 2.95), FE-PE2I SUVR (Glass’s Δ = 2.57), and FP-CIT SUR (Glass’s Δ = 2.29). The intraclass correlation (ICC) between FE-PE2I BPND FP-CIT SUR was high in the caudate (ICC = 0.923), putamen (ICC = 0.922), and striatum (ICC = 0.946), p < 0.001. Five of the 22 patients displayed preserved striatal DAT availability in the striatum with both methods. At follow-up, a non-PS clinical diagnosis was confirmed in three of these, while one was clinically diagnosed with corticobasal syndrome. In these patients, FE-PE2I binding was also normal in the substantia nigra (SN), while significantly reduced in the remaining patients. FE-PE2I measurement of the mean DAT availability in the putamen was strongly correlated with BPND in the SN (R = 0.816, p < 0.001). Olfaction and mean putamen DAT availability was correlated using both FE-PE2I BPND and FP-CIT SUR (R ≥ 0.616, p < 0.001). Conclusion DAT imaging with FE-PE2I PET yields excellent basic diagnostic differentiation in early-stage PS, at least as good as FP-CIT SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Jakobson Mo
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Jonasson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Larsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias J Ögren
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Margareta Ögren
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David Bäckström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Af Bjerkén
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Linder
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a diagnostic tool to study the integrity of the dopaminergic system in patients with parkinsonism and uncertain diagnosis. DAT SPECT enables to detect the presence of nigrostriatal deficit even in the early or pre-symptomatic stages of the disease and to quantify the DAT loss with the progression of nigrostriatal degeneration. For these reasons, DAT SPECT has been also used as a tool to study genetic conditions that are associated with parkinsonism in order to examine the degree and patterns of dopaminergic deficits that are present in at risk subjects and in affected patients carrying the mutations. Studies included subjects with sporadic mutations of common genes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and families with both affected patients and asymptomatic carriers. For obvious reasons, the majority of the studies have included a limited number of subjects. Therefore, because of the heterogeneity and the size of the cohorts examined, in many cases the findings can be merely descriptive and general conclusions on the patterns of dopaminergic deficit in different genetic conditions need to take into account some exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Imaging biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders are primarily developed with the goal to aid diagnosis, to monitor disease progression, and to assess the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies in support to clinical outcomes that may either show limited sensitivity or need extended time for their evaluation. This article will review the most recent concepts and findings in the field of neuroimaging applied to Huntington's disease and Huntington-like syndromes. Emphasis will be given to the discussion of potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers for clinical trials in Huntington's disease (HD) and of neuroimaging tools that can be used as diagnostic biomarkers in HD-like syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS Several magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging tools have been identified as potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers and others are in the pipeline after preclinical validation. MRI and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET can be considered useful supportive diagnostic tools for the differentiation of other HD-like syndromes. New trials in HD have the primary goal to lower mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein levels in the brain in order to reduce or alter the progression of the disease. MR and PET molecular imaging markers have been developed as tools to monitor disease progression and to evaluate treatment outcomes of disease-modifying trials in HD. These markers could be used alone or in combination for detecting structural and pharmacodynamic changes potentially associated with the lowering of mHTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Fazio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Paucar
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Varnäs K, Cselényi Z, Jucaite A, Halldin C, Svenningsson P, Farde L, Varrone A. PET imaging of [ 11C]PBR28 in Parkinson's disease patients does not indicate increased binding to TSPO despite reduced dopamine transporter binding. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 46:367-375. [PMID: 30270409 PMCID: PMC6333720 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the hypothesis that cerebral binding to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of microglia activation, is elevated in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and to assess the relationship between brain TSPO binding and dopaminergic pathology in PD. Methods The radioligand [11C]PBR28 was used for quantitative assessment of brain TSPO in 16 control subjects and 16 PD patients. To analyse the relationship between dopaminergic pathology and brain TSPO binding, PET studies of the dopamine transporter (DAT) were undertaken in PD patients using the DAT radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I. The total distribution volume of [11C]PBR28 was quantified in nigrostriatal regions, limbic cortices and thalamus, and the binding potential of [18F]FE-PE2I was quantified in nigrostriatal regions. Results Based on genotype analysis of the TSPO rs6971 polymorphism, 16 subjects (8 control subjects and 8 PD patients) were identified as high-affinity binders, and the remaining subjects were identified as mixed-affinity binders. A two-way ANOVA showed a strong main effect of TSPO genotype on the cerebral binding of [11C]PBR28, whereas no statistically significant main effect of diagnostic group, or a group by genotype interaction was found for any of the regions analysed. [18F]FE-PE2I PET studies in patients indicated a marked reduction in nigrostriatal binding to DAT. However, no correlations between the binding parameters were found for [11C]PBR28 and [18F]FE-PE2I. Conclusion The findings do not support the hypothesis of elevated cerebral TSPO binding or a relationship between TSPO binding and dopaminergic pathology in PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-018-4161-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Translational Neuropharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vishwanathan K, Varrone A, Varnas K, Jucaite A, Cselenyi Z, Johnstrom P, Schou M, Vasquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Halldin C, Brown AP, Farde L. Abstract CT013: Osimertinib displays high brain exposure in healthy subjects with intact blood-brain barrier: a microdose positron emission tomography (PET) study with 11C-labelled osimertinib. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-ct013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction. Osimertinib is a third generation, CNS active, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used for treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib has shown efficacy superior to that of EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib and gefitinib) in the first-line treatment of EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC and with reduced risk of CNS progression (Soria et al 2017). Furthermore, rapid osimertinib response on brain metastases has been reported (Koba et al 2017). Preliminary examination in non-human primates using 11C-labeled osimertinib indicates penetration of the intact blood brain barrier (BBB) and a high brain exposure compared to other EGFR-TKI agents, which may potentially contribute to improved efficacy in patients with brain metastases compared to other TKIs (Ballard et al 2016).
Aim. The aim of this positron emission tomography (PET) study was to measure the brain exposure of [11C]osimertinib administered intravenously in healthy volunteers with an intact BBB.
Methods. Eight male healthy volunteers (age 52±8 years) were examined for ~90 minutes with PET after single intravenous microdose of [11C]osimertinib. Concentration of [11C]osimertinib was also measured in arterial and venous blood and plasma. Brain MRI was acquired and used for co-registration of the PET data and automatic delineation of regions of interest in the brain. PK parameters Cmax (brain), Tmax (brain) and AUC0-90 min brain/blood ratio were calculated.
Results. In all healthy volunteers, [11C]osimertinib distributed to the brain rapidly, with mean Tmax=13 min (range 5-30 min), Cmax= 1.4±0.3 SUV (range 1-1.8) corresponding to 2.2±0.2% of injected radioactivity and AUC0-90 min brain/blood ratio=3.8±0.3 (range 3.3-4.1). [11C]Osimertinib was distributed in all regions of the brain with uptake being highest in putamen followed by thalamus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, caudate, cerebellum and white matter.
Conclusions. This study indicates that [11C]osimertinib has a good brain exposure in human subjects with intact BBB and may potentially contribute to the efficacy of treatment with osimertinib. In NSCLC, patients with brain metastasis may benefit from treatment with osimertinib due to favorable brain exposure of the drug. Future studies in patients with NSCLC are required to examine uptake and kinetic properties of [11C]osimertinib in brain metastases. References: Ballard P, Yates JW, Yang Z, Kim DW, Yang JC et al. Preclinical Comparison of Osimertinib with Other EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Brain Metastases Models, and Early Evidence of Clinical Brain Metastases Activity. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Oct 15;22(20):5130-5140. Koba T, Kijima T, Takimoto T, Hirata H, Naito Y et al. Rapid intracranial response to osimertinib, without radiotherapy, in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients harboring the EGFR T790M mutation: Two Case Reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Feb;96(6):e6087. Soria JC, Ohe Y, Vansteenkiste J, Reungwetwattana T, Chewaskulyong B et al.; FLAURA Investigators. Osimertinib in Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 18
Citation Format: Karthick Vishwanathan, Andrea Varrone, Katarina Varnas, Aurelija Jucaite, Zsolt Cselenyi, Peter Johnstrom, Magnus Schou, Ana Vasquez-Romero, Mohammed Mahdi Moein, Christer Halldin, Andrew P. Brown, Lars Farde. Osimertinib displays high brain exposure in healthy subjects with intact blood-brain barrier: a microdose positron emission tomography (PET) study with 11C-labelled osimertinib [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aurelija Jucaite
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselenyi
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnstrom
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars Farde
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chiotis K, Stenkrona P, Almkvist O, Stepanov V, Ferreira D, Arakawa R, Takano A, Westman E, Varrone A, Okamura N, Shimada H, Higuchi M, Halldin C, Nordberg A. Dual tracer tau PET imaging reveals different molecular targets for 11C-THK5351 and 11C-PBB3 in the Alzheimer brain. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:1605-1617. [PMID: 29752516 PMCID: PMC6061462 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several tau PET tracers have been developed, but it remains unclear whether they bind to the same molecular target on the heterogeneous tau pathology. In this study we evaluated the binding of two chemically different tau-specific PET tracers (11C-THK5351 and 11C-PBB3) in a head-to-head, in vivo, multimodal design. Methods Nine patients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or probable Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker evidence supportive of the presence of Alzheimer’s disease brain pathology were recruited after thorough clinical assessment. All patients underwent imaging with the tau-specific PET tracers 11C-THK5351 and 11C-PBB3 on the same day, as well as imaging with the amyloid-beta-specific tracer 11C-AZD2184, a T1-MRI sequence, and neuropsychological assessment. Results The load and regional distribution of binding differed between 11C-THK5351 and 11C-PBB3 with no statistically significant regional correlations observed between the tracers. The binding pattern of 11C-PBB3, but not that of 11C-THK5351, in the temporal lobe resembled that of 11C-AZD2184, with strong correlations detected between 11C-PBB3 and 11C-AZD2184 in the temporal and occipital lobes. Global cognition correlated more closely with 11C-THK5351 than with 11C-PBB3 binding. Similarly, cerebrospinal fluid tau measures and entorhinal cortex thickness were more closely correlated with 11C-THK5351 than with 11C-PBB3 binding. Conclusion This research suggests different molecular targets for these tracers; while 11C-PBB3 appeared to preferentially bind to tau deposits with a close spatial relationship to amyloid-beta, the binding pattern of 11C-THK5351 fitted the expected distribution of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease better and was more closely related to downstream disease markers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-018-4012-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Chiotis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ove Almkvist
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lizana H, Johansson L, Axelsson J, Larsson A, Ögren M, Linder J, Halldin C, Varrone A, Mo SJ. Whole-Body Biodistribution and Dosimetry of the Dopamine Transporter Radioligand 18F-FE-PE2I in Human Subjects. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1275-1280. [PMID: 29348315 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.197186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-(E)-N-(3-iodoprop-2-enyl)-2β-carbofluoroethoxy-3β-(4'-methyl-phenyl) nortropane (18F-FE-PE2I) was recently developed and has shown adequate affinity and high selectivity for the dopamine transporter (DAT). Previous studies have shown promising results for 18F-FE-PE2I as a suitable radioligand for DAT imaging. In this study, we investigated the whole-body biodistribution and dosimetry of 18F-FE-PE2I in healthy volunteers to support its utility as a suitable PET imaging agent for the DAT. Methods: Five healthy volunteers were given a mean activity of 2.5 MBq/kg, and 3 PET scans, head to thigh, were performed immediately after injection followed by 4 whole-body PET/CT scans between 0.5 and 6 h after injection. Blood samples were drawn in connection with the whole-body scans, and all urine was collected until 6 h after injection. Volumes of interest were delineated around 17 organs on all images, and the areas under the time-activity curves were calculated to obtain the total number of decays in the organs. The absorbed doses to organs and the effective dose were calculated using the software IDAC. Results: The highest activity concentration was observed in the liver (0.9%-1.2% injected activity/100 g) up to 30 min after injection. At later time points, the highest concentration was seen in the gallbladder (1.1%-0.1% injected activity/100 g). The activity excreted with urine ranged between 23% and 34%, with a mean of 28%. The urinary bladder received the highest absorbed dose (119 μGy/MBq), followed by the liver (46 μGy/MBq). The effective dose was 23 μSv/MBq (range, 19-28 μSv/MBq), resulting in an effective dose of 4.6 mSv for an administered activity of 200 MBq. Conclusion: The effective dose is within the same order of magnitude as other commonly used PET imaging agents as well as DAT agents. The reasonable effective dose, together with the previously reported favorable characteristics for DAT imaging and quantification, indicates that 18F-FE-PE2I is a suitable radioligand for DAT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lizana
- Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lennart Johansson
- Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Larsson
- Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ögren
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Linder
- Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Jakobson Mo
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Odano I, Varrone A, Hosoya T, Sakaguchi K, Gulyás B, Padmanabhan P, Ghosh KK, Yang CT, Guenther I, Wang Z, Serrano R, Chimon NG, Halldin C. Simplified estimation of binding parameters based on image-derived reference tissue models for dopamine transporter bindings in non-human primates using [ 18F]FE-PE2I and PET. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 7:246-254. [PMID: 29348979 PMCID: PMC5768919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study on dopamine transporter binding by [18F]FE-PE2I and PET was to describe an image-derived approach using reference tissue models: the Logan DVR approach and simplified reference tissue model (SRTM), the features of which were simple to operate and precise in the measurements. Using the approach, the authors sought to obtain binding images and parameters. [18F]FE-PE2I and dynamic PET as well as an MRI was performed on three rhesus monkeys, and metabolite corrected arterial plasma inputs were obtained. After co-registering of PET to MR images, both image sets were resliced. The time-activity curve of the cerebellum was used as indirect input, and binding parametric images were computed voxel-by-voxel. Voxel-wise linear calculations were used for the Logan DVR approach, and nonlinear least squares fittings for the SRTM. To determine the best linear regression in the Logan DVR approach, the distribution volume ratio was obtained using the optimal starting frame analysis. The obtained binding parameters were compared with those obtained by the other independent ROI-based numerical approaches: two-tissue compartment model (2TCM), Logan DVR approach and SRTM using PMOD software. Binding potentials (BP) obtained by the present approach agreed well with those obtained by ROI-based numerical approaches, although reference tissue models tended to underestimate the BP value than 2TCM. Image-derived Logan approach provided a low-noise image, the computation time was short, and the error in the optimal starting frame analysis was small. The present approach provides a high-quality binding parametric image and reliable parameter value easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Odano
- Psychiatric Section, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Psychiatric Section, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetsuo Hosoya
- Department of Quality Assurance, QMS Group, FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd.Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sakaguchi
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Psychiatric Section, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | | | - Krishna Kanta Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Chang-Tong Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Ilonka Guenther
- National University of Singapore Comparative MedicineSingapore
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Raymond Serrano
- National University of Singapore Comparative MedicineSingapore
| | | | - Christer Halldin
- Psychiatric Section, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
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48
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Garibotto V, Herholz K, Boccardi M, Picco A, Varrone A, Nordberg A, Nobili F, Ratib O. Clinical validity of brain fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 52:183-195. [PMID: 28317648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers is supported in diagnostic criteria, but their maturity for clinical routine is still debated. Here, we evaluate brain fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), a measure of cerebral glucose metabolism, as a biomarker to identify clinical and prodromal AD according to the framework suggested for biomarkers in oncology, using homogenous criteria with other biomarkers addressed in parallel reviews. FDG PET has fully achieved phase 1 (rational for use) and most of phase 2 (ability to discriminate AD subjects from healthy controls or other forms of dementia) aims. Phase 3 aims (early detection ability) are partly achieved. Phase 4 studies (routine use in prodromal patients) are ongoing, and only preliminary results can be extrapolated from retrospective observations. Phase 5 studies (quantify impact and costs) have not been performed. The results of this study show that specific efforts are needed to complete phase 3 evidence, in particular comparing and combining FDG PET with other biomarkers, and to properly design phase 4 prospective studies as a basis for phase 5 evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Karl Herholz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marina Boccardi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; LANVIE (Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging), Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Agnese Picco
- LANVIE (Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging), Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa, and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Alzheimer Research, Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa, and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Osman Ratib
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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49
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Schain M, Fazio P, Mrzljak L, Amini N, Al-Tawil N, Fitzer-Attas C, Bronzova J, Landwehrmeyer B, Sampaio C, Halldin C, Varrone A. Revisiting the Logan plot to account for non-negligible blood volume in brain tissue. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:66. [PMID: 28822101 PMCID: PMC5561763 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reference tissue-based quantification of brain PET data does not typically include correction for signal originating from blood vessels, which is known to result in biased outcome measures. The bias extent depends on the amount of radioactivity in the blood vessels. In this study, we seek to revisit the well-established Logan plot and derive alternative formulations that provide estimation of distribution volume ratios (DVRs) that are corrected for the signal originating from the vasculature. Results New expressions for the Logan plot based on arterial input function and reference tissue were derived, which included explicit terms for whole blood radioactivity. The new methods were evaluated using PET data acquired using [11C]raclopride and [18F]MNI-659. The two-tissue compartment model (2TCM), with which signal originating from blood can be explicitly modeled, was used as a gold standard. DVR values obtained for [11C]raclopride using the either blood-based or reference tissue-based Logan plot were systematically underestimated compared to 2TCM, and for [18F]MNI-659, a proportionality bias was observed, i.e., the bias varied across regions. The biases disappeared when optimal blood-signal correction was used for respective tracer, although for the case of [18F]MNI-659 a small but systematic overestimation of DVR was still observed. Conclusions The new method appears to remove the bias introduced due to absence of correction for blood volume in regular graphical analysis and can be considered in clinical studies. Further studies are however required to derive a generic mapping between plasma and whole-blood radioactivity levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-017-0314-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nabil Al-Tawil
- Karolinska Trial Alliance, Karolinska University Hospital, M62, SE-141-86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Frisoni GB, Boccardi M, Barkhof F, Blennow K, Cappa S, Chiotis K, Démonet JF, Garibotto V, Giannakopoulos P, Gietl A, Hansson O, Herholz K, Jack CR, Nobili F, Nordberg A, Snyder HM, Ten Kate M, Varrone A, Albanese E, Becker S, Bossuyt P, Carrillo MC, Cerami C, Dubois B, Gallo V, Giacobini E, Gold G, Hurst S, Lönneborg A, Lovblad KO, Mattsson N, Molinuevo JL, Monsch AU, Mosimann U, Padovani A, Picco A, Porteri C, Ratib O, Saint-Aubert L, Scerri C, Scheltens P, Schott JM, Sonni I, Teipel S, Vineis P, Visser PJ, Yasui Y, Winblad B. Strategic roadmap for an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on biomarkers. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:661-676. [PMID: 28721928 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can be improved by the use of biological measures. Biomarkers of functional impairment, neuronal loss, and protein deposition that can be assessed by neuroimaging (ie, MRI and PET) or CSF analysis are increasingly being used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease in research studies and specialist clinical settings. However, the validation of the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers is incomplete, and that is hampering reimbursement for these tests by health insurance providers, their widespread clinical implementation, and improvements in quality of health care. We have developed a strategic five-phase roadmap to foster the clinical validation of biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, adapted from the approach for cancer biomarkers. Sufficient evidence of analytical validity (phase 1 of a structured framework adapted from oncology) is available for all biomarkers, but their clinical validity (phases 2 and 3) and clinical utility (phases 4 and 5) are incomplete. To complete these phases, research priorities include the standardisation of the readout of these assays and thresholds for normality, the evaluation of their performance in detecting early disease, the development of diagnostic algorithms comprising combinations of biomarkers, and the development of clinical guidelines for the use of biomarkers in qualified memory clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Marina Boccardi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Alzheimer Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS S Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK; European Society of Neuroradiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group for CSF proteins (IFCC WG-CSF), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Cappa
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori di Pavia, Pavia, Italy, on behalf of Federation of European Neuropsychological Societies
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Francois Démonet
- Leenards Memory Centre, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Division, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine-IREM, University of Zurich Campus Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Herholz
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy, on behalf of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mara Ten Kate
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Bossuyt
- Clinical Epidemiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, on behalf of the European Federation of Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Chiara Cerami
- Clinical Neuroscience Department, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, UPMC University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Gallo
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ezio Giacobini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Gold
- Service of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samia Hurst
- Institute for Ethics, History, and the Humanities, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anders Lönneborg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl-Olof Lovblad
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - José-Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Centre, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas U Monsch
- Memory Clinic, University Centre for Medicine of Ageing, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mosimann
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Agnese Picco
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Corinna Porteri
- Bioethics Unit, IRCCS S Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Osman Ratib
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles Scerri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Alzheimer Europe, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ida Sonni
- PET Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University, Standford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Siences and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium
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