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Oliva HNP, Prudente TP, Nunes EJ, Cosgrove KP, Radhakrishnan R, Potenza MN, Angarita GA. Substance use and spine density: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02519-3. [PMID: 38561468 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of synaptic density changes provides valuable insights into the underlying brain mechanisms of substance use. In preclinical studies, synaptic density markers, like spine density, are altered by substances of abuse (e.g., alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, nicotine). These changes could be linked to phenomena including behavioral sensitization and drug self-administration in rodents. However, studies have produced heterogeneous results for spine density across substances and brain regions. Identifying patterns will inform translational studies given tools that now exist to measure in vivo synaptic density in humans. We performed a meta-analysis of preclinical studies to identify consistent findings across studies. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and EBSCO were searched between September 2022 and September 2023, based on a protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022354006). We screened 6083 publications and included 70 for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed drug-specific patterns in spine density changes. Hippocampal spine density increased after amphetamine. Amphetamine, cocaine, and nicotine increased spine density in the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol and amphetamine increased, and cannabis reduced, spine density in the prefrontal cortex. There was no convergence of findings for morphine's effects. The effects of cocaine on the prefrontal cortex presented contrasting results compared to human studies, warranting further investigation. Publication bias was small for alcohol or morphine and substantial for the other substances. Heterogeneity was moderate-to-high across all substances. Nonetheless, these findings inform current translational efforts examining spine density in humans with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tiago Paiva Prudente
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Ibrahim W, An J, Yang Y, Cosgrove KP, Matuskey D. Does seasonal variation affect the neuroimmune system? A retrospective [ 11C]PBR28 PET study in healthy individuals. Neurosci Lett 2024; 828:137766. [PMID: 38583505 PMCID: PMC11073647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuroimmune system performs a wide range of functions in the brain and the central nervous system. The microglial translocator protein (TSPO) has an established role as a cell marker in identification of the neuroimmune system. Previously, human studies have shown TSPO differences in neuropsychiatric disorders. Seasonal variability has also been demonstrated in multiple systems of healthy individuals. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to understand whether seasonal changes affect brain TSPO levels using [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS 46 healthy subjects (mean age ± SD = 32.5 ± 10); sex (M/F) = 32/14)) underwent PET imaging with [11C]PBR28 in a retrospectively conducted analysis. All PET scans were performed on the HRRT scanner. Volume of distribution (VT) values were generated for cortical and subcortical regions and the cerebellum. Spring/summer months were defined as March to August while fall/winter months were defined as September to February and were compared through 2-tailed t-tests (SciPy library v.1.10.1 and Pinguoin library on Python v.3.8.8). Average daylight hours and temperature in New Haven, CT were obtained online (www.wunderground.com) and compared to VT with Spearman's correlations. RESULTS There were no significant differences observed between the TSPO levels of spring/summer and fall/winter months in the brain (t = 0.52, p = 0.61). Additional analysis on all individual brain regions also indicated non-significance. Likewise, no significant correlations were found between TSPO levels in the whole brain and brain regions against daylight hours (ρ= 0.05, p = 0.74), temperature (ρ = 0.04, p = 0.81), or month (ρ = 0.08, p = 0.60). Controlling TSPO gene polymorphisms and other variables had no significant effect on the outcome. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first human study to investigate seasonal changes in TSPO expression. Our results can be interpreted as the lack of seasonal variability in the neuroimmune system, but important limitations include high interindividual variability, test-retest variability, specificity of the tracer, and a limited sample size. Limitations notwithstanding, our results conclude that TSPO levels in the brain are not impacted by light and temperature changes in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ibrahim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeonghyun An
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yanghong Yang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Verplaetse TL, Hillmer AT, Bhatt S, Rusowicz A, Li S, Nabulsi N, Matuskey D, Huang Y, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP. Imaging a putative marker of brain cortisol regulation in alcohol use disorder. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100609. [PMID: 38304303 PMCID: PMC10832501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is a potent activator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, initiating the release of glucocorticoid hormones, such as cortisol. Alcohol consumption can lead to HPA axis dysfunction, including altered cortisol levels. Until recently, research has only been able to examine peripheral cortisol associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) in humans. We used positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging with the radiotracer [18F]AS2471907 to measure 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), a cortisol-regenerating enzyme, in people with AUD compared to healthy controls. Methods We imaged 9 individuals with moderate to severe AUD (5 men, 4 women; mean age = 38 years) and 12 healthy controls (8 men, 4 women; mean age = 29 years). Participants received 93.5 ± 15.6 MBq of the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor radiotracer [18F]AS2471907 as a bolus injection and were imaged for 150-180 min on the High-Resolution Research Tomograph. 11β-HSD1 availability was quantified by [18F]AS2471907 volume of distribution (VT; mL/cm3). A priori regions of interest included amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) and caudate. Results Individuals with AUD consumed 52.4 drinks/week with 5.8 drinking days/week. Healthy controls consumed 2.8 drinks/week with 1.3 drinking days/week. Preliminary findings suggest that [18F]AS2471907 VT was higher in amygdala, ACC, hippocampus, vmPFC, and caudate of those with AUD compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). In AUD, vmPFC [18F]AS2471907 VT was associated with drinks per week (r = 0.81, p = 0.01) and quantity per drinking episode (r = 0.75, p = 0.02). Conclusions This is the first in vivo examination of 11β-HSD1 availability in individuals with AUD. Our data suggest higher brain availability of the cortisol-regenerating enzyme 11β-HSD1 in people with AUD (vs. controls), and that higher vmPFC 11β-HSD1 availability is related to greater alcohol consumption. Thus, in addition to the literature suggesting that people with AUD have elevated peripheral cortisol, our findings suggest there may also be heightened central HPA activity. These findings set the foundation for future hypotheses on mechanisms related to HPA axis function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shivani Bhatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Songye Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Cheung F, Calakos KC, Gueorguieva R, Hillmer AT, Cosgrove KP, Zakiniaeiz Y. Lower dorsal putamen D2/3 receptor availability and amphetamine-induced dopamine release are related to poorer cognitive function in recently abstinent people who smoke and healthy controls. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntae031. [PMID: 38367211 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the dopamine system, the mesolimbic pathway, including the dorsal striatum, underlies the reinforcing properties of tobacco smoking, and the mesocortical pathway, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), is critical for cognitive functioning. Dysregulated dopamine signaling has been linked to drug-seeking behaviors and cognitbie deficits. The dorsal striatum and dlPFC are structurally and functionally connected and are the key regions for cognitive functioning. We recently showed that people who smoke have lower dlPFC dopamine (D2/3R) receptor availability than people who do not, which is related to poorer cognitive function. The goal of this study was to examine the same brain-behavior relationship in the dorsal striatum. METHODS Twenty-nine (18 males) recently abstinent people who smoke and twenty-nine sex-matched healthy controls participated in two same-day [11C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography scans before and after amphetamine administration to provoke dopamine release. D2/3R availability (binding potential; BPND) and amphetamine-induced dopamine release (%ΔBPND) were calculated. Cognition (verbal learning and memory) was assessed with the CogState computerized battery. RESULTS There were no group differences in baseline BPND. People who smoke have a smaller magnitude %ΔBPND in dorsal putamen than healthy controls (p=0.022). People who smoke perform worse on immediate (p=0.035) and delayed (p=0.011) recall than healthy controls. In all people, lower dorsal putamen BPND was associated with worse immediate (p=0.006) and delayed recall (p=0.049), and lower %ΔBPND was related to worse delayed recall (p=0.022). CONCLUSION Lower dorsal putamen D2/3R availability and function are associated with disruptions in cognitive function that may underlie difficulty with resisting smoking. IMPLICATIONS This study directly relates dopamine imaging outcomes in the dorsal striatum to cognitive function in recently abstinent people who smoke cigarettes and healthy controls. The current work included a well-characterized subject sample in terms of demographics, smoking characteristics, and a validated neurocognitive test of verbal learning and memory. The findings of this study extend previous literature relating dopamine imaging outcomes to cognition in recently abstinent people who smoke and people who do not smoke, expanding our understanding of brain-behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katina C Calakos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Peltier MR, Verplaetse TL, Altemus M, Zakiniaeiz Y, Ralevski EA, Mineur YS, Gueorguieva R, Picciotto MR, Cosgrove KP, Petrakis I, McKee SA. The role of neurosteroids in posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: A review of 10 years of clinical literature and treatment implications. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101119. [PMID: 38184208 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are increasing in men and women and there are high rates of concurrent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and AUD. AUD and PTSD synergistically increase symptomatology and negatively affect treatment outcomes; however, there are very limited pharmacological treatments for PTSD/AUD. Neurosteroids have been implicated in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of both PTSD and AUD and may be a target for treatment development. This review details the past ten years of research on pregnenolone, progesterone, allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, estradiol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone/dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA/DHEA-S) in the context of PTSD and AUD, including examination of trauma/alcohol-related variables, such as stress-reactivity. Emerging evidence that exogenous pregnenolone, progesterone, and allopregnanolone may be promising, novel interventions is also discussed. Specific emphasis is placed on examining the application of sex as a biological variable in this body of literature, given that women are more susceptible to both PTSD diagnoses and stress-related alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie R Peltier
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | | | - Margaret Altemus
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ralevski
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ismene Petrakis
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Raval NR, Angarita G, Matuskey D, Miller R, Drake LR, Kapinos M, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Carson RE, O'Malley SS, Cosgrove KP, Hillmer AT. Imaging the brain's immune response to alcohol with [ 11C]PBR28 TSPO Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3384-3390. [PMID: 37532797 PMCID: PMC10743097 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In humans, the negative effects of alcohol are linked to immune dysfunction in both the periphery and the brain. Yet acute effects of alcohol on the neuroimmune system and its relationships with peripheral immune function are not fully understood. To address this gap, immune response to an alcohol challenge was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using the radiotracer [11C]PBR28, which targets the 18-kDa translocator protein, a marker sensitive to immune challenges. Participants (n = 12; 5 F; 25-45 years) who reported consuming binge levels of alcohol (>3 drinks for females; >4 drinks for males) 1-3 months before scan day were enrolled. Imaging featured a baseline [11C]PBR28 scan followed by an oral laboratory alcohol challenge over 90 min. An hour later, a second [11C]PBR28 scan was acquired. Dynamic PET data were acquired for at least 90 min with arterial blood sampling to measure the metabolite-corrected input function. [11C]PBR28 volume of distributions (VT) was estimated in the brain using multilinear analysis 1. Subjective effects, blood alcohol levels (BAL), and plasma cytokines were measured during the paradigm. Full completion of the alcohol challenge and data acquisition occurred for n = 8 (2 F) participants. Mean peak BAL was 101 ± 15 mg/dL. Alcohol significantly increased brain [11C]PBR28 VT (n = 8; F(1,49) = 34.72, p > 0.0001; Cohen's d'=0.8-1.7) throughout brain by 9-16%. Alcohol significantly altered plasma cytokines TNF-α (F(2,22) = 17.49, p < 0.0001), IL-6 (F(2,22) = 18.00, p > 0.0001), and MCP-1 (F(2,22) = 7.02, p = 0.004). Exploratory analyses identified a negative association between the subjective degree of alcohol intoxication and changes in [11C]PBR28 VT. These findings provide, to our knowledge, the first in vivo human evidence for an acute brain immune response to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul R Raval
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo Angarita
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University New Haven, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel Miller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lindsey R Drake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Peltier MR, Mineur YS, Gueorguieva R, Picciotto MR, Petrakis I, Cosgrove KP, McKee SA. Developing Researchers with Expertise in Sex as a Biological Variable through SCORE Career Enhancement Core Center Programs. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:852-857. [PMID: 37585509 PMCID: PMC10457604 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for interdisciplinary and translational scientists to apply sex as a biological variable (SABV) research to address knowledge gaps in the health of women. In 2018, the Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) partnered with several National Institute of Health (NIH) Institutes and Centers to expand the Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) Excellence (SCORE) Programs (together referred to as SCOR/E) with an important feature-the Career Enhancement Core (CEC). The SCORE CEC mentors early career investigators to become the next generation of biomedical and behavioral researchers focused on SABV and women's health. In this article, we outline our approach at the Yale University SCORE to support early career trajectories through the provision of salary support, educational curricula, translational mentorship, pilot project funding, and professional development. Using the Yale-SCOR/E CEC Programs as instructional models, we highlight critical measures of academic success, namely grant funding and publications, among early career investigators. At Yale University, 12 pilot projects funded by the SCOR/E Programs resulted in 14 extramural grants, amounting to an $80 return on every $1 invested in "seed" funding. So far, our SCOR/E Programs have resulted in 129 publications, 83% of which were first-authored by trainees, and 100% of trainees continued research careers with an emphasis on SABV. Finally, we provide recommendations on how biomedical scientists can apply SABV in their studies of major medical conditions in an interdisciplinary and integrative way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - MacKenzie R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yann S. Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ismene Petrakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Gueorguieva R, Peltier MR, Verplaetse TL, Roberts W, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP. Sex steroid hormone levels associated with dopamine D 2/3 receptor availability in people who smoke cigarettes. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1192740. [PMID: 37358969 PMCID: PMC10288103 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1192740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sex differences exist in tobacco smoking. Women have greater difficulty quitting smoking than men. Tobacco smoking is driven by the reinforcing effects of nicotine, the primary addictive component in cigarettes. Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, facilitating dopamine release in striatal and cortical brain regions. Dysregulated dopamine D2/3 receptor signaling in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is associated with cognitive deficits such as impairments in attention, learning, and inhibitory control that impede quit attempts. Sex steroid hormones, such as estradiol and progesterone, influence drug-taking behaviors, through dopaminergic actions, suggesting that their influence may explain sex differences in tobacco smoking. The goal of this study was to relate dlPFC dopamine metrics to sex steroid hormone levels in people who smoke and healthy controls. Methods Twenty-four (12 women) people who smoke cigarettes and 25 sex- and age-matched controls participated in two same-day [11C]FLB457 positron emission tomography scans, one before and one after amphetamine administration. D2R availability (BPND) at baseline and after amphetamine administration was calculated. On the same day, plasma samples were collected for the analysis of sex steroid hormone levels: estradiol, progesterone, and free testosterone. Results Women who smoke had trending lower levels of estradiol than their sex-matched counterparts. Men who smoke had higher levels of estradiol and trending higher levels of free testosterone than their sex-matched counterparts. Among women only, lower estradiol levels were significantly associated with lower pre-amphetamine dlPFC BPND. Discussion/conclusion This study demonstrated that lower estradiol levels are associated with lower dlPFC D2R availability in women which may underlie difficulty resisting smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - MacKenzie R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Terril L. Verplaetse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Gueorguieva R, Peltier MR, Roberts W, Verplaetse TL, Burke C, Morris ED, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP. Lower Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability is Associated With Worse Verbal Learning and Memory in People Who Smoke Cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1047-1051. [PMID: 36107715 PMCID: PMC10077933 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is a major public health burden. The mesocortical dopamine system-including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)-plays an important role in cognitive function. Dysregulated dopamine signaling in dlPFC is associated with cognitive deficits such as impairments in attention, learning, working memory, and inhibitory control. We recently showed that dlPFC dopamine D2/3-type receptor (D2R) availability was significantly lower in people who smoke than in healthy-controls and that dlPFC amphetamine-induced dopamine release was lower in females who smoke relative to males who smoke and female healthy-controls. However, we did not examine whether the smoking-related dopamine deficits were related to cognitive deficits. AIMS AND METHODS The goal of this study was to relate dopamine metrics to cognitive performance in people who smoke and healthy-controls. In total 24 (12 female) people who smoke cigarettes and 25 sex- and age-matched healthy-controls participated in two same-day [11C]FLB457 positron emission tomography (PET) scans before and after amphetamine administration. Two outcome measures were calculated-D2R availability (non-displaceable binding potential; BPND) and amphetamine-induced dopamine release (%ΔBPND). Cognition (verbal learning and memory) was assessed with a computerized test from the CogState battery (International Shopping List). RESULTS People who smoke had significantly worse immediate (p = .04) and delayed (p = .03) recall than healthy-controls. Multiple linear regression revealed that for people who smoke only, lower D2R availability was associated with worse immediate (p = .04) and delayed (p < .001) recall. %ΔBPND was not significantly related to task performance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that lower dlPFC D2R availability in people who smoke is associated with disruptions in cognitive function that may underlie difficulty with resisting smoking. IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to directly relate dopamine metrics in the prefrontal cortex to cognitive function in people who smoke cigarettes compared to healthy-controls. The current work included a well-characterized subject sample with regards to demographic and smoking variables, as well as a validated neurocognitive test of verbal learning and memory. The findings of this study extend previous literature by relating dopamine metrics to cognition in people who smoke, providing a better understanding of brain-behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - MacKenzie R Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Terril L Verplaetse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Catherine Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Calakos KC, Hillmer AT, Anderson JM, LeVasseur B, Baldassarri SR, Angarita GA, Matuskey D, Kapinos M, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Cosgrove KP. Cholinergic system adaptations are associated with cognitive function in people recently abstinent from smoking: a (-)-[ 18F]flubatine PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:683-689. [PMID: 36681758 PMCID: PMC9938267 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system is a critical mediator of cognition in animals. People who smoke cigarettes exhibit cognitive deficits, especially during quit attempts. Few studies jointly examine the cholinergic system and cognition in people while trying to quit smoking. We used positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging with the β2-subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (β2*-nAChR) partial agonist radioligand (-)-[18F]flubatine and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine to jointly examine the cholinergic system, smoking status, and cognition. (-)-[18F]Flubatine scans and cognitive data were acquired from twenty people who recently stopped smoking cigarettes (aged 38 ± 11 years; 6 female, 14 male; abstinent 7 ± 1 days) and 27 people who never smoked cigarettes (aged 29 ± 8 years; 11 female, 16 male). A subset of fifteen recently abstinent smokers and 21 never smokers received a mid-scan physostigmine challenge to increase acetylcholine levels. Regional volume of distribution (VT) was estimated with equilibrium analysis at "baseline" and post-physostigmine. Participants completed a cognitive battery prior to (-)-[18F]flubatine injection and physostigmine administration assessing executive function (Groton Maze Learning test), verbal learning (International Shopping List test), and working memory (One Back test). Physostigmine significantly decreased cortical (-)-[18F]flubatine VT, consistent with increased cortical acetylcholine levels reducing the number of β2*-nAChR sites available for (-)-[18F]flubatine binding, at comparable magnitudes across groups (p values < 0.05). A larger magnitude of physostigmine-induced decrease in (-)-[18F]flubatine VT was significantly associated with worse executive function in people who recently stopped smoking (p values < 0.05). These findings underscore the role of the cholinergic system in early smoking cessation and highlight the importance of neuroscience-informed treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina C Calakos
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brittany LeVasseur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, & Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Hoye J, Ryan Petrulli J, LeVasseur B, Stanley G, Gao H, Najafzadeh S, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Chen MK, Matuskey D, Barron DS, Kelmendi B, Fulbright RK, Hampson M, Cosgrove KP, Morris ED. Systemic inflammation enhances stimulant-induced striatal dopamine elevation in tobacco smokers. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:262-269. [PMID: 36058419 PMCID: PMC10097458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-brain interactions influence the pathophysiology of addiction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation produces effects on reward-related brain regions and the dopamine system. We previously showed that LPS amplifies dopamine elevation induced by methylphenidate (MP), compared to placebo (PBO), in eight healthy controls. However, the effects of LPS on the dopamine system of tobacco smokers have not been explored. The goal of Study 1 was to replicate previous findings in an independent cohort of tobacco smokers. The goal of Study 2 was to combine tobacco smokers with the aforementioned eight healthy controls to examine the effect of LPS on dopamine elevation in a heterogenous sample for power and effect size determination. Eight smokers were each scanned with [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography three times-at baseline, after administration of LPS (0.8 ng/kg, intravenously) and MP (40 mg, orally), and after administration of PBO and MP, in a double-blind, randomized order. Dopamine elevation was quantified as change in [11C]raclopride binding potential (ΔBPND) from baseline. A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to compare LPS and PBO conditions. Smokers and healthy controls were well-matched for demographics, drug dosing, and scanning parameters. In Study 1, MP-induced striatal dopamine elevation was significantly higher following LPS than PBO (p = 0.025, 18 ± 2.9 % vs 13 ± 2.7 %) for smokers. In Study 2, MP-induced striatal dopamine elevation was also significantly higher under LPS than under PBO (p < 0.001, 18 ± 1.6 % vs 11 ± 1.5 %) in the combined sample. Smoking status did not interact with the effect of condition. This is the first study to translate the phenomenon of amplified dopamine elevation after experimental activation of the immune system to an addicted sample which may have implications for drug reinforcement, seeking, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jocelyn Hoye
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Ryan Petrulli
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Gelsina Stanley
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S Barron
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Kelmendi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert K Fulbright
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michelle Hampson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Liu H, Gao H, Najafzadeh S, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Matuskey D, Chen MK, Cosgrove KP, Morris ED. Nicotine Patch Alters Patterns of Cigarette Smoking-Induced Dopamine Release: Patterns Relate to Biomarkers Associated With Treatment Response. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1597-1606. [PMID: 35100429 PMCID: PMC9575980 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is a major public health burden. The first-line pharmacological treatment for tobacco smoking is nicotine replacement therapy (eg, the nicotine patch (NIC)). Nicotine acts on nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors on dopamine terminals to release dopamine in the ventral and dorsal striatum encoding reward and habit formation, respectively. AIMS AND METHODS To better understand treatment efficacy, a naturalistic experimental design combined with a kinetic model designed to characterize smoking-induced dopamine release in vivo was used. Thirty-five tobacco smokers (16 female) wore a NIC (21 mg, daily) for 1-week and a placebo patch (PBO) for 1-week in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Following 1-week under NIC and then overnight abstinence, smokers participated in a 90-minute [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography scan and smoked a cigarette while in the scanner. Identical procedures were followed for the PBO scan. A time-varying kinetic model was used at the voxel level to model transient dopamine release peaking instantaneously at the start of the stimulus and decaying exponentially. Magnitude and spatial extent of dopamine release were estimated. Smokers were subcategorized by nicotine dependence level and nicotine metabolism rate. RESULTS Dopamine release magnitude was enhanced by NIC in ventral striatum and diminished by NIC in dorsal striatum. More-dependent smokers activated more voxels than the less-dependent smokers under both conditions. Under PBO, fast metabolizers activated more voxels in ventral striatum and fewer voxels in dorsal striatum compared to slow metabolizers. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the model captured a pattern of transient dopamine responses to cigarette smoking which may be different across smoker subgroup categorizations. IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to show that NIC alters highly localized patterns of cigarette smoking-induced dopamine release and that levels of nicotine dependence and nicotine clearance rate contribute to these alterations. This current work included a homogeneous subject sample with regards to demographic and smoking variables, as well as a highly sensitive model capable of detecting significant acute dopamine transients. The findings of this study add support to the recent identification of biomarkers for predicting the effect of nicotine replacement therapies on dopamine function which could help refine clinical practice for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heather Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Bonomi RE, Girgenti M, Krystal JH, Cosgrove KP. A Role for Histone Deacetylases in the Biology and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here? Complex Psychiatry 2022; 8:13-27. [PMID: 36545044 PMCID: PMC9669946 DOI: 10.1159/000524079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a prevalent disorder within the USA and worldwide with a yearly diagnosis rate of 2-4% and affecting women more than men. One of the primary methods for study of this stress disorder relies on animal models as there are few noninvasive methods and few replicated peripheral biomarkers for use in humans. One area of active research in psychiatric neuroscience is the field of epigenetics - how the chemical modifications of the genetic code regulate behavior. The dynamic changes in histone acetylation and deacetylation in the brain are not fully reflected by the study of peripheral biomarker. In this review, we aim to examine the role of histone acetylation and deacetylation in memory formation and fear memory learning. The studies discussed here focus largely on the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in animal models of trauma and fear response. Many studies used HDAC inhibitors to elucidate the effects after inhibition of these enzymes after trauma or stress. These studies of memory processing and cued fear extinction in animal can often shed light on human disorders of cued fear responses and memory dysregulation after stress or trauma such as in PTSD. These results provide strong evidence for a role of these enzymes in PTSD in humans. The few clinical studies that exist with HDAC inhibitors also suggest a fundamental role of these enzymes in the neurobiology of the stress response. Further study of these enzymes in both clinical and pre-clinical settings may help elucidate the neurobiology of stress-related pathology like PTSD and provide a foundation for novel therapy to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Bonomi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- *Robin E. Bonomi,
| | - Matthew Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- **Kelly P. Cosgrove,
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Shi HD, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP. Why language matters in alcohol research: Reducing stigma. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1103-1109. [PMID: 35727299 PMCID: PMC9246863 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of pejorative or stigmatizing language to describe individuals with alcohol and drug use disorders adversely affects treatment seeking, quality of care, and treatment outcomes. In 2015, the International Society of Addiction Journal Editors released terminology guidelines that recommended against the use of words that contribute to stigma against individuals with an addictive disorder. This study examined the use of stigmatizing language in National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research and reviews published by the journal, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) from 2010 to 2020, with the goal of sharing the results with the alcohol research community to enhance awareness. METHODS The search for stigmatizing language in ACER was limited to NIH-funded articles made publicly available on PubMed Central (PMC). Though ACER is not an open-access journal, original research and reviews directly funded by NIH are published to PMC for open access to the public as required by the conditions of NIH funding. ACER articles published on PMC were searched from 2010 to 2020 with specific queries for individual terms of interest including those considered pejorative ("alcoholic," "addict," and "abuser") and outdated ("alcohol dependent," "alcohol abuse," and "alcoholism"). The number of articles containing a term of interest for a given year was divided by the total number of articles published in that year to determine the percent use of each term per year. RESULTS Our search of research and reviews (n = 1903) published in ACER on PMC determined that although the use of pejorative and outdated terminology has decreased over time, there is continued use of the term "alcoholic" over the last decade. Specifically, in 2020, over 40% of articles searched for in PMC still included "alcoholic." The results of a separate manual search (n = 110) on the Wiley Online Database showed that approximately 30% of articles used the term "alcoholic" in a stigmatizing manner. CONCLUSIONS Stigmatizing language can perpetuate negative biases against people with alcohol use disorder. We encourage researchers to shift away from language that maintains discriminatory conceptions of alcohol use disorder. Reducing stigma has the potential to increase rates of treatment seeking and improve treatment outcomes for individuals with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
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Smart K, Worhunsky PD, Scheinost D, Angarita GA, Esterlis I, Carson RE, Krystal JH, O'Malley SS, Cosgrove KP, Hillmer AT. Multimodal neuroimaging of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors and functional connectivity in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:770-782. [PMID: 35342968 PMCID: PMC9117461 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) show altered resting brain connectivity. The metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor is an important regulator of synaptic plasticity potentially linked with synchronized brain activity and a target of interest in treating AUD. The goal of this work was to assess potential relationships of brain connectivity at rest with mGlu5 receptor availability in people with AUD at two time points early in abstinence. METHODS Forty-eight image data sets were acquired with a multimodal neuroimaging battery that included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mGlu5 receptor positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiotracer [18 F]FPEB. Participants with AUD (n = 14) were scanned twice, at approximately 1 and 4 weeks after beginning supervised abstinence. [18 F]FPEB PET results were published previously. Primary comparisons of fMRI outcomes were performed between the AUD group and healthy controls (HCs; n = 23) and assessed changes over time within the AUD group. Relationships between resting-state connectivity measures and mGlu5 receptor availability were explored within groups. RESULTS Compared to HCs, global functional connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex was higher in the AUD group at 4 weeks of abstinence (p = 0.003), while network-level functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) was lower (p < 0.04). Exploratory multimodal analyses showed that mGlu5 receptor availability was correlated with global connectivity across all brain regions (HCs, r = 0.41; AUD group at 1 week of abstinence, r = 0.50 and at 4 weeks, r = 0.46; all p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a component of cortical and striatal mGlu5 availability was correlated with connectivity between the DMN and salience networks in HCs (r = 0.60, p = 0.003) but not in the AUD group (p > 0.3). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings of altered global and network connectivity during the first month of abstinence from drinking may reflect the loss of efficient network function, while exploratory relationships with mGlu5 receptor availability suggest a potential glutamatergic relationship with network coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patrick D Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Calakos KC, Rusowicz A, Pittman B, Gallezot JD, Potenza MN, Cosgrove KP, Matuskey D. Relationships between dopamine D2/3 receptor availability and social-environmental factors in humans. Neurosci Lett 2022; 771:136463. [PMID: 35051435 PMCID: PMC8821418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Social factors are associated with psychiatric outcomes and brain function. Relationships between local population data obtained from Social Explorer analyses of the American Community Survey (2014-2018) and dopamine D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability were explored in this retrospective analysis of [11C]PHNO positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data (n = 70). Larger local population size and lower percentage of the population with a bachelor's degree or higher were significantly associated with higher striatal D2/3R availability, suggesting that living in a populous area with fewer educational resources may be accompanied by stressors with concomitant dopaminergic changes. Future prospective, collaborative studies are needed to better understand the precise etiology of the observed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina C Calakos
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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17
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Bhatt S, Hillmer AT, Rusowicz A, Nabulsi N, Matuskey D, Angarita GA, Najafzadeh S, Kapinos M, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cosgrove KP. Imaging brain cortisol regulation in PTSD with a target for 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:150452. [PMID: 34651587 DOI: 10.1172/jci150452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDInvestigations of stress dysregulation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have focused on peripheral cortisol, but none have examined cortisol in the human brain. This study used positron emission tomography (PET) to image 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), a cortisol-producing enzyme, as a putative brain cortisol marker in PTSD.METHODSSixteen individuals with PTSD and 17 healthy, trauma-exposed controls (TCs) underwent PET imaging with [18F]AS2471907, a radioligand for 11β-HSD1.RESULTSPrefrontal-limbic 11β-HSD1 availability, estimated as [18F]AS2471907 volume of distribution (VT), was significantly higher in the PTSD group compared with the TC group (β = 1.16, P = 0.0057). Lower prefrontal-limbic 11β-HSD1 availability was related to greater overall PTSD severity (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.038) in the PTSD group. 11β-HSD1 availability was not related to plasma cortisol levels (R2 = 0.026, P = 0.37). In a PTSD subset (n = 10), higher 11β-HSD1 availability was associated with higher availability of translocator protein (TSPO), a microglial marker (β = 4.40, P = 0.039).CONCLUSIONHigher brain cortisol-producing 11β-HSD1 in the PTSD group may represent a resilience-promoting neuroadaptation resulting in lower PTSD symptoms. Along with preliminary associations between 11β-HSD1 and TSPO, corroborating previous evidence of immune suppression in PTSD, these findings collectively challenge previous hypotheses of the deleterious effects of both excessive brain glucocorticoid and brain immune signaling in PTSD.FUNDINGBrain and Behavior Research Foundation Independent Investigator Grant, National Institute of Mental Health grants F30MH116607 and R01MH110674, the Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, the Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Foundation Fellowship, Clinical and Translational Science Awards grant UL1 TR000142 from the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bhatt
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.,Department of Psychiatry, and.,Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.,Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.,Department of Psychiatry, and.,Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, and.,Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven M Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, and.,US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, and.,US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Psychiatry, and.,Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.,Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.,Department of Psychiatry, and.,Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Calakos KC, Hillmer AT, Angarita GA, Baldassarri SR, Najafzadeh S, Emery PR, Matuskey D, Huang Y, Cosgrove KP. Recently abstinent smokers exhibit mood-associated dopamine dysfunction in the ventral striatum compared to nonsmokers: a [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET study. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:745-752. [PMID: 34628508 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic nicotine exposure desensitizes dopamine responses in animals, but it is not known if this occurs in human tobacco smokers. Deficits in dopamine function are likely to make smoking cessation difficult. We used positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging with the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO to determine if abstinent smokers exhibit less amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum than nonsmokers, and whether this was associated with clinical correlates of smoking cessation. METHODS Baseline [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO scans were acquired from smokers (n=22, 7 female, abstinent 11±9 days) and nonsmokers (n=20, 7 female). A subset of thirty-seven participants (18 smokers) received oral amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) three hours before a second [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO scan. Binding potential (BPND) (i.e., D2/3 receptor availability) was estimated at baseline and post-amphetamine in the ventral striatum. Amphetamine-induced percent change in BPND was calculated to reflect dopamine release. Subjects also completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS There were no group differences in baseline BPND. Amphetamine-induced percent change in BPND in the ventral striatum was significantly lower in abstinent smokers compared to nonsmokers (p=0.019; d=0.82). Higher CES-D scores were significantly associated with lower ventral striatal percent change in BPND for abstinent smokers (rs=-0.627, p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, abstinent smokers exhibited significantly less amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum than nonsmokers. In abstinent smokers, worse mood was significantly associated with less striatal dopamine release. Our findings highlight a potential neural mechanism that may underlie negative mood symptoms during early abstinence. IMPLICATIONS This study combined quantitative PET imaging and an amphetamine challenge to examine striatal dopamine function during early smoking cessation attempts. The findings demonstrate that recently abstinent tobacco smokers exhibit significant, mood-associated striatal dopamine dysfunction compared to nonsmokers. This study advances our knowledge of the neurobiology underlying early quit attempts, and bridges novel neural findings with clinically relevant symptoms of smoking cessation. These results may explain the challenge of maintaining long-term abstinence from smoking, and can lend insight into the development of treatment strategies for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina C Calakos
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, & Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Paul R Emery
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Calakos KC, Liu H, Lu Y, Anderson JM, Matuskey D, Nabulsi N, Ye Y, Skosnik PD, D'Souza DC, Morris ED, Cosgrove KP, Hillmer AT. Assessment of transient dopamine responses to smoked cannabis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108920. [PMID: 34399137 PMCID: PMC8464527 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic mechanisms that may underlie cannabis' reinforcing effects are not well elucidated in humans. This positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study used the dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonist [11C]raclopride and kinetic modelling testing for transient changes in radiotracer uptake to assess the striatal dopamine response to smoked cannabis in a preliminary sample. METHODS PET emission data were acquired from regular cannabis users (n = 14; 7 M/7 F; 19-32 years old) over 90 min immediately after [11C]raclopride administration (584 ± 95 MBq) as bolus followed by constant infusion (Kbol = 105 min). Participants smoked a cannabis cigarette, using a paced puff protocol, 35 min after scan start. Plasma concentrations of Δ9-THC and metabolites and ratings of subjective "high" were collected during imaging. Striatal dopamine responses were assessed voxelwise with a kinetic model testing for transient reductions in [11C]raclopride binding, linear-parametric neurotransmitter PET (lp-ntPET) (cerebellum as a reference region). RESULTS Cannabis smoking increased plasma Δ9-THC levels (peak: 0-10 min) and subjective high (peak: 0-30 min). Significant clusters (>16 voxels) modeled by transient reductions in [11C]raclopride binding were identified for all 12 analyzed scans. In total, 26 clusters of significant responses to cannabis were detected, of which 16 were located in the ventral striatum, including at least one ventral striatum cluster in 11 of the 12 analyzed scans. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data support the sensitivity of [11C]raclopride PET with analysis of transient changes in radiotracer uptake to detect cannabis smoking-induced dopamine responses. This approach shows future promise to further elucidate roles of mesolimbic dopaminergic signaling in chronic cannabis use. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02817698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina C Calakos
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
| | - Heather Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
| | - Yihuan Lu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
| | - Jon Mikael Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States.
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
| | - Yunpeng Ye
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
| | - Patrick D Skosnik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States.
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States.
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
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20
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Abstract
Sex differences are present in psychiatric disorders associated with disrupted dopamine function, and thus, sex differences in dopamine neurobiology may underlie these clinical disparities. In this chapter, we review sex differences in the dopaminergic system with a focus on substance use disorders, especially tobacco smoking, as our exemplar disorder. This chapter is organized into five sections describing sex differences in the dopaminergic system: (1) neurobiology, (2) role of sex hormones, (3) genetic underpinnings, (4) cognitive function, and (5) influence on addiction. In each section, we provide an overview of the topic area, summarize sex differences identified to date, highlight addiction research, especially clinical neuroimaging studies, and suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Invicro, LLC, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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21
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Smart K, Naganawa M, Baldassarri SR, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Najafzadeh S, Gao H, Navarro A, Barth V, Esterlis I, Cosgrove KP, Huang Y, Carson RE, Hillmer AT. PET Imaging Estimates of Regional Acetylcholine Concentration Variation in Living Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2787-2798. [PMID: 33442731 PMCID: PMC8355478 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) has distinct functional roles in striatum compared with cortex, and imbalance between these systems may contribute to neuropsychiatric disease. Preclinical studies indicate markedly higher ACh concentrations in the striatum. The goal of this work was to leverage positron emission tomography (PET) imaging estimates of drug occupancy at cholinergic receptors to explore ACh variation across the human brain, because these measures can be influenced by competition with endogenous neurotransmitter. PET scans were analyzed from healthy human volunteers (n = 4) and nonhuman primates (n = 2) scanned with the M1-selective radiotracer [11C]LSN3172176 in the presence of muscarinic antagonist scopolamine, and human volunteers (n = 10) scanned with the α4β2* nicotinic ligand (-)-[18F]flubatine during nicotine challenge. In all cases, occupancy estimates within striatal regions were consistently lower (M1/scopolamine human scans, 31 ± 3.4% occupancy in striatum, 43 ± 2.9% in extrastriatal regions, p = 0.0094; nonhuman primate scans, 42 ± 26% vs. 69 ± 28%, p < 0.0001; α4β2*/nicotine scans, 67 ± 15% vs. 74 ± 16%, p = 0.0065), indicating higher striatal ACh concentration. Subject-level measures of these concentration differences were estimated, and whole-brain images of regional ACh concentration gradients were generated. These results constitute the first in vivo estimates of regional variation in ACh concentration in the living brain and offer a novel experimental method to assess potential ACh imbalances in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Hong Gao
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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22
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Toczek J, Hillmer AT, Han J, Liu C, Peters D, Emami H, Wu J, Esterlis I, Cosgrove KP, Sadeghi MM. FDG PET imaging of vascular inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: A pilot case-control study. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:688-694. [PMID: 31073848 PMCID: PMC6842076 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is increased in subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Vascular inflammation mediates CVD and may be assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this pilot study, we investigated whether subjects with PTSD have enhanced vascular and systemic inflammation compared to healthy controls, as assessed by FDG PET imaging. METHODS A prospective group of 16 subjects (9 PTSD and 7 controls, age 34 ± 7) without prior history of CVD underwent FDG PET/CT imaging. The presence of PTSD symptoms at the time of the study was confirmed using PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL5) questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine blood glucose, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) levels. FDG signal in the ascending aorta, amygdala, spleen and bone marrow was quantified. RESULTS The two groups matched closely with regards to cardiovascular risk factors. The inflammatory biomarkers were all within the normal range. There was no significant difference in FDG signal in the aorta (target to background ratio: 2.40 ± 0.29 and 2.34 ± 0.29 for control and PTSD subjects, difference: - 0.06, 95% confidence interval of difference: - 0.38 to 0.26), spleen, bone marrow, or amygdala between control and PTSD subjects. There was no significant correlation between aortic and amygdala FDG signal. However, a significant positive correlation existed between amygdala, splenic, and bone marrow FDG signal. CONCLUSION This pilot, small study did not reveal any difference in vascular or systemic inflammation as assessed by FDG PET imaging between PTSD and healthy control subjects. Because of the small number of subjects, a modest increase in vascular inflammation, which requires larger scale studies to establish, cannot be excluded. The correlation between FDG signal in amygdala, spleen and bone marrow may reflect a link between amygdala activity and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, #770G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinah Han
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, #770G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dana Peters
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hamed Emami
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, #770G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, #770G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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Peltier MR, Verplaetse TL, Mineur YS, Gueorguieva R, Petrakis I, Cosgrove KP, Picciotto MR, McKee SA. Sex differences in progestogen- and androgen-derived neurosteroids in vulnerability to alcohol and stress-related disorders. Neuropharmacology 2021; 187:108499. [PMID: 33600842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress and trauma exposure disturbs stress regulation systems and thus increases the vulnerability for stress-related disorders which are characterized by negative affect, including major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Similarly, stress and trauma exposure results in increased vulnerability to problematic alcohol use and alcohol use disorder, especially among women, who are more likely to drink to cope with negative affect than their male counterparts. Given these associations, the relationship between stress-related disorders and alcohol use is generally stronger among women leading to complex comorbidities across these disorders and alcohol misuse. This review highlights the therapeutic potential for progestogen- and androgen-derived neurosteroids, which affect both stress- and alcohol-related disorders, to target the overlapping symptoms related to negative affect. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse.'
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie R Peltier
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | | | | | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ismene Petrakis
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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24
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Woodcock EA, Hillmer AT, Sandiego CM, Maruff P, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP, Pietrzak RH. Acute neuroimmune stimulation impairs verbal memory in adults: A PET brain imaging study. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:784-787. [PMID: 33002632 PMCID: PMC7749814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric and neurologic disorders are often characterized by both neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. To date, however, the relationship between neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction remains understudied in humans. Preclinical research indicates that experimental induction of neuroinflammation reliably impairs memory processes. In this paradigm development study, we translated those robust preclinical findings to humans using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [11C]PBR28, a marker of microglia, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent neuroimmune stimulus. In a sample of 18 healthy adults, we extended our previous findings that LPS administration increased whole-brain [11C]PBR28 availability by 31-50%, demonstrating a robust neuroimmune response (Cohen's ds > 1.6). We now show that LPS specifically impaired verbal learning and recall, hippocampal memory processes, by 11% and 22%, respectively (Cohen's ds > 0.9), but did not alter attention, motor, or executive processes. The LPS-induced increase in [11C]PBR28 binding was correlated with significantly greater decrements in verbal learning performance in the hippocampus (r = -0.52, p = .028), putamen (r = -0.50, p = .04), and thalamus (r = -0.55, p = .02). This experimental paradigm may be useful in investigating mechanistic relationships between neuroinflammatory signaling and cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric and neurologic disorders. It may also provide a direct approach to evaluate medications designed to rescue cognitive deficits associated with neuroinflammatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Woodcock
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Paul Maruff
- Cogstate Ltd., and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Correspondence to: Kelly P. Cosgrove, PhD, 2 Church Street S., Suite 511, New Haven, CT, 06519, Phone: 203.737.6969,
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
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25
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Cosgrove KP. Designing Neuroimaging Studies to Help Inform the Clinical Treatment of Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:741-743. [PMID: 33092691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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26
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Toczek J, Wu J, Hillmer AT, Han J, Esterlis I, Cosgrove KP, Liu C, Sadeghi MM. Accuracy of arterial [ 18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake quantification: A kinetic modeling study. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1578-1581. [PMID: 32043239 PMCID: PMC7415600 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-deoxy-2- [18F] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET is commonly used for the assessment of vessel wall inflammation. Guidelines for analysis of arterial wall FDG signal recommend the use of the average of maximal standardized uptake value (mean SUVmax) and target-to-blood (mean TBRmax) ratio. However, these methods have not been validated against a gold standard such as tissue activity ex vivo or net uptake rate of FDG (Ki) obtained using kinetic modeling. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of mean SUVmax and mean TBRmax for aortic wall FDG signal quantification in comparison with the net uptake rate of FDG. METHODS Dynamic PET data from 13 subjects without prior history of cardiovascular disease who enrolled in a study of vascular inflammation were used for this analysis. Ex vivo measurement of plasma activity was used as the input function and voxel-by-voxel Patlak analysis was performed with t* = 20 minute to obtain the Ki image. The FDG signal in the ascending aortic wall was quantified on PET images following recent guidelines for vascular imaging to determine mean SUVmax and mean TBRmax. RESULTS The Ki in the ascending aortic wall did not correlate with mean SUVmax (r = 0.10, P = NS), but correlated with mean TBRmax (r = 0.82, P < 0.001) (Figure 1B). Ki and Ki_max strongly correlated (R = 0.96, P < 0.0001) and similar to Ki, Ki_max did not correlate with mean SUVmax (r = 0.17, P = NS), but correlated with mean TBRmax (r = 0.83, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Kinetic modeling supports the use of mean TBRmax as a surrogate for the net uptake rate of FDG in the arterial wall. These results are relevant to any PET imaging agent, regardless of the biological significance of the tracer uptake in the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jinah Han
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, #770G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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27
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Laurell GL, Plavén-Sigray P, Jucaite A, Varrone A, Cosgrove KP, Svarer C, Knudsen GM, Ogden RT, Zanderigo F, Cervenka S, Hillmer AT, Schain M. Nondisplaceable Binding Is a Potential Confounding Factor in 11C-PBR28 Translocator Protein PET Studies. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:412-417. [PMID: 32680926 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The PET ligand 11C-PBR28 (N-((2-(methoxy-11C)-phenyl)methyl)-N-(6-phenoxy-3-pyridinyl)acetamide) binds to the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a biomarker of glia. In clinical studies of TSPO, the ligand total distribution volume, VT, is frequently the reported outcome measure. Since VT is the sum of the ligand-specific distribution volume (VS) and the nondisplaceable-binding distribution volume (VND), differences in VND across subjects and groups will have an impact on VT Methods: Here, we used a recently developed method for simultaneous estimation of VND (SIME) to disentangle contributions from VND and VS Data from 4 previously published 11C-PBR28 PET studies were included: before and after a lipopolysaccharide challenge (8 subjects), in alcohol use disorder (14 patients, 15 controls), in first-episode psychosis (16 patients, 16 controls), and in Parkinson disease (16 patients, 16 controls). In each dataset, regional VT estimates were obtained with a standard 2-tissue-compartment model, and brain-wide VND was estimated with SIME. VS was then calculated as VT - VND VND and VS were then compared across groups, within each dataset. Results: A lower VND was found for individuals with alcohol-use disorder (34%, P = 0.00084) and Parkinson disease (34%, P = 0.0032) than in their corresponding controls. We found no difference in VND between first-episode psychosis patients and their controls, and the administration of lipopolysaccharide did not change VND Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in TSPO PET studies, nondisplaceable binding can differ between patient groups and conditions and should therefore be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjertrud L Laurell
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Bhatt S, Hillmer AT, Girgenti MJ, Rusowicz A, Kapinos M, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Matuskey D, Angarita GA, Esterlis I, Davis MT, Southwick SM, Friedman MJ, Duman RS, Carson RE, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH, Cosgrove KP. PTSD is associated with neuroimmune suppression: evidence from PET imaging and postmortem transcriptomic studies. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2360. [PMID: 32398677 PMCID: PMC7217830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite well-known peripheral immune activation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there are no studies of brain immunologic regulation in individuals with PTSD. [11C]PBR28 Positron Emission Tomography brain imaging of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a microglial biomarker, was conducted in 23 individuals with PTSD and 26 healthy individuals-with or without trauma exposure. Prefrontal-limbic TSPO availability in the PTSD group was negatively associated with PTSD symptom severity and was significantly lower than in controls. Higher C-reactive protein levels were also associated with lower prefrontal-limbic TSPO availability and PTSD severity. An independent postmortem study found no differential gene expression in 22 PTSD vs. 22 controls, but showed lower relative expression of TSPO and microglia-associated genes TNFRSF14 and TSPOAP1 in a female PTSD subgroup. These findings suggest that peripheral immune activation in PTSD is associated with deficient brain microglial activation, challenging prevailing hypotheses positing neuroimmune activation as central to stress-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bhatt
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Aleksandra Rusowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Margaret T Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Steven M Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | | | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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29
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Verplaetse TL, Moore KE, Pittman BP, Roberts W, Oberleitner LM, Peltier MKR, Hacker R, Cosgrove KP, McKee SA. Intersection of E-Cigarette Use and Gender on Transitions in Cigarette Smoking Status: Findings Across Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:1423-1428. [PMID: 30239953 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smokers report using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to reduce or quit smoking, but findings are mixed regarding the benefit and risk of e-cigarettes in this population, and effects of gender are unknown. METHODS The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; waves 1 and 2; adult interviews) was used to evaluate relationships among wave 1 e-cigarette use (daily, nondaily, never) and gender and their association with transitions (quit vs. current; relapse vs. former) in cigarette smoking status across waves 1 and 2 of the PATH study. RESULTS Daily e-cigarette users had higher odds of quitting smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12 to 2.18) compared with never e-cigarette users. Conversely, daily and nondaily e-cigarette users were at greater risk of smoking relapse (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.94 and OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 0.99 to 3.46, respectively) compared with never e-cigarette users. Women were less likely to quit smoking compared with men independent of e-cigarette use (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.99). In stratified analyses, daily or nondaily e-cigarette use did not increase the likelihood of quitting or relapse in women. In men, daily and nondaily e-cigarette users were at greater risk of smoking relapse (OR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.49 to 5.86 and OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.29 to 7.17, respectively) compared with men who were never e-cigarette users. CONCLUSIONS Findings identify e-cigarettes as a potential aid for smoking cessation but also as a potential risk for smoking relapse in men only. Overall, women were less likely to quit smoking, and e-cigarette use did not impact their ability to quit or to stay quit. IMPLICATIONS Cigarette smokers report using e-cigarettes to reduce or quit smoking, but findings are mixed regarding the benefit and risk of e-cigarettes in this population. Using data from the newly available PATH (waves 1 and 2; adult interviews), our findings identify e-cigarettes as a potential aid for smoking cessation but also identify e-cigarettes as a potential risk for smoking relapse in men only. These findings may have implications for the regulation of e-cigarettes by the Food and Drug Administration and the benefit-cost ratio of e-cigarette use in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly E Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Brian P Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Robyn Hacker
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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30
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Verplaetse TL, Cosgrove KP, Tanabe J, McKee SA. Sex/gender differences in brain function and structure in alcohol use: A narrative review of neuroimaging findings over the last 10 years. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:309-323. [PMID: 32333417 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have increased in women by 84% relative to a 35% increase in men. Rates of alcohol use and high-risk drinking have also increased in women by 16% and 58% relative to a 7% and 16% increase in men, respectively, over the last decade. This robust increase in drinking among women highlights the critical need to identify the underlying neural mechanisms that may contribute to problematic alcohol consumption across sex/gender (SG), especially given that many neuroimaging studies are underpowered to detect main or interactive effects of SG on imaging outcomes. This narrative review aims to explore the recent neuroimaging literature on SG differences in brain function and structure as it pertains to alcohol across positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging modalities in humans. Additional work using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and event-related potentials to examine SG differences in AUD will be covered. Overall, current research on the neuroimaging of AUD, alcohol consumption, or risk of AUD is limited, and findings are mixed regarding the effect of SG on neurochemical, structural, and functional mechanisms associated with AUD. We address SG disparities in the neuroimaging of AUD and propose a call to action to include women in brain imaging research. Future studies are crucial to our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of AUD across neural systems and the vulnerability for AUD among women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jody Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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31
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Bhatt S, Nabulsi NB, Li S, Cai Z, Matuskey D, Bini J, Najafzadeh S, Kapinos M, Ropchan JR, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP, Huang Y, Hillmer AT. First in-human PET study and kinetic evaluation of [ 18F]AS2471907 for imaging 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:695-704. [PMID: 30895878 PMCID: PMC7168798 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19838633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyzes enzymatic conversion of cortisone into the stress hormone cortisol. This first-in-human brain imaging study characterizes the kinetic modeling and test-retest reproducibility of [18F]AS2471907, a novel PET radiotracer for 11β-HSD1. Eight individuals underwent one 180-min (n = 4) or two 240-min (n = 4) [18F]AS2471907 PET brain scans (12 total) acquired on the high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT) scanner with arterial blood sampling. Imaging data were modeled with 1-tissue (1T) and 2-tissue (2T) compartment models and with multilinear analysis (MA1) to estimate [18F]AS2471907 availability (VT). [18F]AS2471907 demonstrated high, heterogeneous uptake throughout the brain. Of the compartment models, 2T best described [18F]AS2471907 data. Estimates of VT were highly correlated between 2T and MA1 (t* = 30 min) with MA1 yielding VT values ranging from 3.2 ± 1.0 mL/cm3 in the caudate to 15.7 ± 4.2 mL/cm3 in the occipital cortex. The median absolute test-retest variability of 16 ± 5% and high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of 0.67-0.97 across regions indicate fair test-retest reliability but large intersubject variability. VT estimates using 180 min were within 10% of estimates using full acquisition time. In summary, [18F]AS2471907 exhibits reasonable kinetic properties for imaging 11β-HSD1 in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bhatt
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel B Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Songye Li
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Bini
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim R Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, West Haven VA Hospital, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Woodcock EA, Schain M, Cosgrove KP, Hillmer AT. Quantification of [ 11C]PBR28 data after systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:19. [PMID: 32166497 PMCID: PMC7067964 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-0605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a classic immune stimulus. LPS combined with positron emission tomography (PET) 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) brain imaging provides a robust human laboratory model to study neuroimmune signaling. To evaluate optimal analysis of these data, this work compared the sensitivity of six quantification approaches. METHODS [11C]PBR28 data from healthy volunteers (N = 8) were collected before and 3 h after LPS challenge (1.0 ng/kg IV). Quantification approaches included total volume of distribution estimated with two tissue, and two tissue plus irreversible uptake in whole blood, compartment models (2TCM and 2TCM-1k, respectively) and multilinear analysis-1 (MA-1); binding potential estimated with simultaneous estimation (SIME); standardized uptake values (SUV); and SUV ratio (SUVR). RESULTS The 2TCM, 2TCM-1k, MA-1, and SIME approaches each yielded substantive effect sizes for LPS effects (partial η2 = 0.56-0.89, ps <. 05), whereas SUV and SUVR did not. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of incorporating AIF measurements to quantify LPS-TSPO studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Department of Pscyhiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, USA.
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Hillmer AT, Matuskey D, Huang Y, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Carson RE, O'Malley SS, Cosgrove KP. Tobacco Smoking in People Is Not Associated with Altered 18-kDa Translocator Protein Levels: A PET Study. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1200-1204. [PMID: 32005773 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.237735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of tobacco smoking on the immune system of the brain are not well elucidated. Although nicotine is immunosuppressive, other constituents in tobacco smoke have inflammatory effects. PET imaging of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) provides a biomarker for microglia, the primary immunocompetent cells of the brain. This work compared brain TSPO levels in 20 tobacco smokers (abstinent for at least 2 h) and 20 nonsmokers using a fully quantitative modeling approach for the first time, to our knowledge. Methods: 11C-PBR28 (N-((2-(methoxy-11C)-phenyl)methyl)-N-(6-phenoxy-3-pyridinyl)acetamide) PET scans were acquired with arterial blood sampling to estimate the metabolite-corrected input function. 11C-PBR28 volumes of distribution were estimated throughout the brain with multilinear analysis. Results: Statistical analyses revealed no evidence of significant differences in regional 11C-PBR28 volumes of distribution between smokers and nonsmokers (whole-brain Cohen d = 0.09) despite adequate power to detect medium effect sizes. Conclusion: These findings inform previous PET studies reporting lower TSPO radiotracer concentrations in the brain (measured as SUV) for tobacco smokers than for nonsmokers by demonstrating the importance of accounting for radiotracer concentrations in plasma. These findings suggest that nonsmokers and smokers have comparable TSPO levels in the brain. Additional work with other biomarkers is needed to fully characterize the effects of tobacco smoking on the brain immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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34
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Hillmer AT, Matuskey D, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Mazure CM, Picciotto MR, Huang Y, McKee SA, Morris ED, Cosgrove KP. Sex differences in amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of tobacco smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2205-2211. [PMID: 31269510 PMCID: PMC6897943 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences exist in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying tobacco smoking and smoking-related behaviors. Men tend to smoke for the reinforcing effects of nicotine, whereas women tend to smoke for stress and mood regulation, and have a harder time maintaining long-term abstinence. The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system drives the reinforcing effects of tobacco smoking, whereas the mesocortical DA system-including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)-is critical for stress-related cognitive functioning and inhibitory control. This study is the first to investigate dlPFC D2/3-type receptor (D2R) availability and amphetamine-induced cortical DA release in smokers and nonsmokers. Forty-nine subjects (24 tobacco smokers (12 females) and 25 sex- and age-matched nonsmokers) participated in two same-day [11C]FLB457 positron emission tomography (PET) scans before and 3-hours after amphetamine administration (0.4-0.5 mg/kg, PO). D2R availability (non-displaceable binding potential; BPND) was measured pre- and post-amphetamine. The percent fractional change in BPND (%ΔBPND) between pre- and post-amphetamine, an index of DA release, was compared between male and female smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers showed significantly lower dlPFC D2R availability (BPND = 0.77 ± 0.05) than nonsmokers (BPND = 0.92 ± 0.04), p = 0.016, driven by males. Female smokers showed significantly less amphetamine-induced DA release in dlPFC (%ΔBPND = 1.9 ± 3.0%) than male smokers (%ΔBPND = 14.0 ± 4.3%), p < 0.005, and female nonsmokers (%ΔBPND = 9.3 ± 3.3%), p < 0.005. This study shows that in the prefrontal cortex, smokers have lower D2R availability than nonsmokers and that female vs. male smokers have a blunted amphetamine-induced DA release. These findings demonstrate that tobacco smoking differentially affects the mesocortical DA system in men vs. women, suggesting a potential target for gender-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - David Matuskey
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Carolyn M. Mazure
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Women’s Health Research at Yale, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Evan D. Morris
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Woodcock EA, Hillmer AT, Mason GF, Cosgrove KP. Imaging Biomarkers of the Neuroimmune System among Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review. Mol Neuropsychiatry 2019; 5:125-146. [PMID: 31312635 DOI: 10.1159/000499621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is tremendous interest in the role of the neuroimmune system and inflammatory processes in substance use disorders (SUDs). Imaging biomarkers of the neuroimmune system in vivo provide a vital translational bridge between preclinical and clinical research. Herein, we examine two imaging techniques that measure putative indices of the neuroimmune system and review their application among SUDs. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 18 kDa translocator protein availability is a marker associated with microglia. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy quantification of myo-inositol levels is a putative glial marker found in astrocytes. Neuroinflammatory responses are initiated and maintained by microglia and astrocytes, and thus represent important imaging markers. The goal of this review is to summarize neuroimaging findings from the substance use literature that report data using these markers and discuss possible mechanisms of action. The extant literature indicates abused substances exert diverse and complex neuroimmune effects. Moreover, drug effects may change across addiction stages, i.e. the neuroimmune effects of acute drug administration may differ from chronic use. This burgeoning field has considerable potential to improve our understanding and treatment of SUDs. Future research is needed to determine how targeting the neuroimmune system may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Departments of Psychiatry, and of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Departments of Psychiatry, and of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Departments of Psychiatry, and of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Departments of Psychiatry, and of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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36
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Peltier MR, Verplaetse TL, Mineur YS, Petrakis IL, Cosgrove KP, Picciotto MR, McKee SA. Sex differences in stress-related alcohol use. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100149. [PMID: 30949562 PMCID: PMC6430711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have increased in women by 84% over the past ten years relative to a 35% increase in men. This substantive increase in female drinking is alarming given that women experience greater alcohol-related health consequences compared to men. Stress is strongly associated with all phases of alcohol addiction, including drinking initiation, maintenance, and relapse for both women and men, but plays an especially critical role for women. The purpose of the present narrative review is to highlight what is known about sex differences in the relationship between stress and drinking. The critical role stress reactivity and negative affect play in initiating and maintaining alcohol use in women is addressed, and the available evidence for sex differences in drinking for negative reinforcement as it relates to brain stress systems is presented. This review discusses the critical structures and neurotransmitters that may underlie sex differences in stress-related alcohol use (e.g., prefrontal cortex, amygdala, norepinephrine, corticotropin releasing factor, and dynorphin), the involvement of sex and stress in alcohol-induced neurodegeneration, and the role of ovarian hormones in stress-related drinking. Finally, the potential avenues for the development of sex-appropriate pharmacological and behavioral treatments for AUD are identified. Overall, women are generally more likely to drink to regulate negative affect and stress reactivity. Sex differences in the onset and maintenance of alcohol use begin to develop during adolescence, coinciding with exposure to early life stress. These factors continue to affect alcohol use into adulthood, when reduced responsivity to stress, increased affect-related psychiatric comorbidities and alcohol-induced neurodegeneration contribute to chronic and problematic alcohol use, particularly for women. However, current research is limited regarding the examination of sex in the initiation and maintenance of alcohol use. Probing brain stress systems and associated brain regions is an important future direction for developing sex-appropriate treatments to address the role of stress in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann S. Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ismene L. Petrakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
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37
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Moran-Santa Maria MM, Vanderweyen DC, Camp CC, Zhu X, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP, Hartwell KJ, Brady KT, Joseph JE. Network Analysis of Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity in Male and Female Adult Smokers: A Preliminary Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:810-818. [PMID: 29059410 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The goal of this study was to conduct a preliminary network analysis (using graph-theory measures) of intrinsic functional connectivity in adult smokers, with an exploration of sex differences in smokers. Methods Twenty-seven adult smokers (13 males; mean age = 35) and 17 sex and age-matched controls (11 males; mean age = 35) completed a blood oxygen level-dependent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. Data analysis involved preprocessing, creation of connectivity matrices using partial correlation, and computation of graph-theory measures using the Brain Connectivity Toolbox. Connector hubs and additional graph-theory measures were examined for differences between smokers and controls and correlations with nicotine dependence. Sex differences were examined in a priori regions of interest based on prior literature. Results Compared to nonsmokers, connector hubs in smokers emerged primarily in limbic (parahippocampus) and salience network (cingulate cortex) regions. In addition, global influence of the right insula and left nucleus accumbens was associated with higher nicotine dependence. These trends were present in male but not female smokers. Conclusions Network communication was altered in smokers, primarily in limbic and salience network regions. Network topology was associated with nicotine dependence in male but not female smokers in regions associated with reinforcement (nucleus accumbens) and craving (insula), consistent with the idea that male smokers are more sensitive to the reinforcing aspects of nicotine than female smokers. Implications Identifying alterations in brain network communication in male and female smokers can help tailor future behavioral and pharmacological smoking interventions. Male smokers showed alterations in brain networks associated with the reinforcing effects of nicotine more so than females, suggesting that pharmacotherapies targeting reinforcement and craving may be more efficacious in male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Moran-Santa Maria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Davy C Vanderweyen
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Christopher C Camp
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Department of Psychology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Karen J Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Kathleen T Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Jane E Joseph
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Verplaetse TL, Morris ED, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP. Sex differences in the nicotinic acetylcholine and dopamine receptor systems underlying tobacco smoking addiction. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018; 23:196-202. [PMID: 31341936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that men generally smoke for nicotine-related reinforcement, whereas women smoke for non-nicotine factors. Women have more difficulty quitting smoking and are less responsive to nicotine replacement therapies than men, underscoring the importance of examining sex differences in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying nicotine-motivated behavior. We review the recent imaging literature on sex differences in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor system and in the dopaminergic system in response to nicotine administration and tobacco smoking. We offer an explanation to unify imaging findings related to the dopamine system. We then propose a course of action for future medication development for tobacco smoking addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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39
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Sandiego CM, Matuskey D, Lavery M, McGovern E, Huang Y, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Picciotto MR, Morris ED, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP. The Effect of Treatment with Guanfacine, an Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonist, on Dopaminergic Tone in Tobacco Smokers: An [ 11C]FLB457 PET Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1052-1058. [PMID: 28944773 PMCID: PMC5854798 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Guanfacine, a noradrenergic alpha2a agonist, reduced tobacco smoking in a 4-week trial and in animal models has been shown to reduce cortical dopamine release, which is critically involved in the reinforcing effect of tobacco smoking. We measured amphetamine-induced extrastriatal dopamine release before and after treatment with guanfacine with [11C]FLB457, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor radiotracer, and positron emission tomography (PET). Sixteen tobacco smokers had one set of [11C]FLB457 PET scans on the same day, one before and one at 2.5-3 h after amphetamine (0.4-0.5 mg/kg, PO). A subset (n=12) then underwent guanfacine treatment (3 mg/day for 3 weeks) and the set of scans were repeated. [11C]FLB457-binding potential (BPND) was measured pre- and post amphetamine in extrastriatal brain regions. The fractional change in BPND after vs before amphetamine (Δ BPND) is an indirect measure of DA release and was compared between the untreated and guanfacine-treated conditions. Guanfacine treatment attenuated amphetamine-induced DA release; however, the change was due to a global 8% decrease in baseline BPND from the untreated to the guanfacine-treated condition. Chronic guanfacine treatment reduced [11C]FLB457 BPND in tobacco smokers, suggesting an increase in dopaminergic tone. Guanfacine-induced normalization of dopamine signaling may be an important mesocortical mechanism contributing to its ability to aid in tobacco smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Sandiego
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- PET Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- PET Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meaghan Lavery
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erin McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- PET Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- PET Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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40
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Baldassarri SR, Hillmer AT, Anderson JM, Jatlow P, Nabulsi N, Labaree D, Cosgrove KP, O’Malley SS, Eissenberg T, Krishnan-Sarin S, Esterlis I. Use of Electronic Cigarettes Leads to Significant Beta2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Occupancy: Evidence From a PET Imaging Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:425-433. [PMID: 28460123 PMCID: PMC5896427 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Electronic cigarettes (ECs) can influence nicotine addiction by delivering aerosolized nicotine. We investigated if nicotine from ECs is delivered to the brain β2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (β2*-nAChR) and how this relates to the behavioral effects and nicotine delivery from cigarettes. Methods Seven nicotine users participated in positron emission tomography (PET) studies with (-)-[18F]Flubatine before and after nicotine challenge with 0, 8, and 36 mg/ml nicotine in a 3.3 Volt, 1.5 Ohm EC or a standard tobacco cigarette. Craving was evaluated before and after product use. Results Average β2*-nAChR occupancy was higher after 36 mg/ml EC challenge compared to 8 mg/ml EC at trend level. Average β2*-nAChR occupancy after tobacco cigarette smoking was 68 ± 18% and was not different compared with 8 mg/ml (64 ± 17%,) or 36 mg/ml (84 ± 3%) nicotine in EC users. Area under the curve (AUC) of blood nicotine level was higher in the cigarette smoking group compared with the 8mg/ml group (p = 0.03), but similar compared with the 36 mg/ml EC (p = 0.29). Drug craving was reduced after use of the tobacco cigarette, 8 mg/ml EC, and 36 mg/ml EC. Conclusions In this novel investigation of EC effects at β2*-nAChRs, we show that average β2*-nAChR occupancy was higher after 36 mg/ml EC challenge compared with 8 mg/ml EC. Receptor occupancy and arterial blood nicotine levels after cigarette smoking were similar to 36 mg/ml EC use under controlled conditions. These findings suggest that the ECs studied here have abuse liability and may provide an adequate alternative nicotine delivery system for cigarette smokers. Implications This is the first study to directly determine the neurologic effects of electronic cigarettes on human brain beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors using PET neuroimaging with (-)-[18F]Flubatine, a novel radiotracer. Our findings suggest that the e-cigarettes studied here have abuse liability and may provide an adequate alternative nicotine delivery system for cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- PET center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Peter Jatlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David Labaree
- PET center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- PET center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology (Health Program) and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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41
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Verplaetse TL, Moore KE, Pittman BP, Roberts W, Oberleitner LM, Smith PH, Cosgrove KP, McKee SA. Intersection of stress and gender in association with transitions in past year DSM-5 substance use disorder diagnoses in the United States. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks) 2018. [PMID: 29527591 PMCID: PMC5841251 DOI: 10.1177/2470547017752637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Stress contributes to the development and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUD), with some research suggesting that the impact of stress on SUD is greater in women. However, this has yet to be evaluated in a national dataset, across major substances of abuse. Methods Using data from the newly available U.S. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; Wave 3; n=36,309) we evaluated relationships among past year stressful life events (0 or 1 vs. 2+ events, range 0-16) and gender, and their association with transitions (new vs. absent cases; ongoing vs. remitted cases) in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alcohol use disorder (AUD), tobacco use disorder (TUD), cannabis use disorder (CUD), and nonmedical prescription opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnoses. Results Having 2 or more stressful life events in the past year increased the odds of having a new AUD, TUD, CUD, and OUD (OR=3.14, 2.15, 5.52, and 3.06, respectively) or ongoing AUD, TUD, and CUD (OR=2.39, 2.62, and 2.95, respectively) compared to 0 or 1 stressful life event. A stress by gender interaction for new vs. absent AUD demonstrated that having 2 or more stressful life events was associated with increased odds of new AUD in men (OR=2.51) and even greater odds of new AUD in women (OR=3.94). Conclusions Results highlight that stress is a robust factor in both men and women with new or ongoing substance use disorders, and that effective treatments for substance use should consider the role of stress in addiction etiology and maintenance. There was little evidence for gender differences in the role of stress on transitions in substance use disorders, except for the onset of alcohol use disorders. Given that rates of alcohol use disorders are increasing in women; the impact of stress needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly E Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Brian P Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | | | - Philip H Smith
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
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42
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Hillmer AT, Sandiego CM, Hannestad J, Angarita GA, Kumar A, McGovern EM, Huang Y, O’Connor KC, Carson RE, O’Malley SS, Cosgrove KP. In vivo imaging of translocator protein, a marker of activated microglia, in alcohol dependence. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1759-1766. [PMID: 28242869 PMCID: PMC5573660 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation may be a critical component of the neurobiology of alcohol use disorders, yet the exact nature of this relationship is not well understood. This work compared the brain and peripheral immune profile of alcohol-dependent subjects and controls. Brain levels of 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of microglial activation and neuroinflammation, were measured with [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography imaging in 15 healthy controls and 15 alcohol-dependent subjects. Alcohol-dependent subjects were imaged 1-4 days (n=14) or 24 days (n=1) after their last drink. Linear mixed modeling of partial-volume-corrected [11C]PBR28 data revealed a main effect of alcohol dependence (P=0.034), corresponding to 10% lower TSPO levels in alcohol-dependent subjects. Within this group, exploratory analyses found a negative association of TSPO levels in the hippocampus and striatum with alcohol dependence severity (P<0.035). Peripheral immune response was assessed in a subset of subjects by measuring cytokine expression from monocytes cultured both in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide. Peripheral monocyte response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation was lower in alcohol-dependent subjects compared with controls for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. Thus, alcohol-dependent individuals exhibited less activated microglia in the brain and a blunted peripheral proinflammatory response compared with controls. These findings suggest a role for pharmaceuticals tuning the neuroimmune system as therapeutics for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- AT Hillmer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - CM Sandiego
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - GA Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - EM McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - KC O’Connor
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - RE Carson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - SS O’Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - KP Cosgrove
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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43
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Bhatt S, Hillmer AT, Nabulsi N, Matuskey D, Lim K, Lin SF, Esterlis I, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cosgrove KP. Evaluation of (-)-[ 18 F]Flubatine-specific binding: Implications for reference region approaches. Synapse 2017; 72. [PMID: 29105121 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize changes in binding of (-)-[18 F]Flubatine to α4 β2 *-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α4 β2 *-nAChRs) during a tobacco cigarette smoking challenge. Displacement of (-)-[18 F]Flubatine throughout the brain was quantified as change in (-)-[18 F]Flubatine distribution volume (VT ), with particular emphasis on regions with low VT . Three tobacco smokers were imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) during a 210 min bolus-plus-constant infusion of (-)-[18 F]Flubatine. A tobacco cigarette was smoked in the PET scanner ∼125 min after the start of (-)-[18 F]Flubatine injection. Equilibrium analysis was used to estimate VT at baseline (90-120 min) and after cigarette challenge (180-210 min), at the time of greatest receptor occupancy by nicotine. Smoking reduced VT by 21 ± 9% (average ±SD) in corpus callosum, 17 ± 9% in frontal cortex, 36 ± 11% in cerebellum, and 22 ± 10% in putamen. The finding of displaceable (-)-[18 F]Flubatine binding throughout the brain is an important consideration for reference region-based quantification approaches with this tracer. We observed displacement of (-)-[18 F]Flubatine binding to α4 β2 *-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in corpus callosum by a tobacco cigarette challenge. We conclude that reference region approaches utilizing corpus callosum should first perform careful characterization of displaceable (-)-[18 F]Flubatine binding and nondisplaceable kinetics in this putative reference region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bhatt
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Keunpoong Lim
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,West Haven VA Hospital, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,West Haven VA Hospital, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Cosgrove KP, Mazure CM, Potenza MN. Does Telescoping Exist in Male and Female Gamblers? Does It Matter? Front Psychol 2017; 8:1510. [PMID: 28928697 PMCID: PMC5591942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Women's Health Research at YaleNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Women's Health Research at YaleNew Haven, CT, United States.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Connecticut Mental Health CenterNew Haven, CT, United States
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45
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Brumberg J, Küsters S, Al-Momani E, Marotta G, Cosgrove KP, van Dyck CH, Herrmann K, Homola GA, Pezzoli G, Buck AK, Volkmann J, Samnick S, Isaias IU. Cholinergic activity and levodopa-induced dyskinesia: a multitracer molecular imaging study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:632-639. [PMID: 28904985 PMCID: PMC5590520 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between levodopa‐induced dyskinesias and striatal cholinergic activity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods This study included 13 Parkinson's disease patients with peak‐of‐dose levodopa‐induced dyskinesias, 12 nondyskinetic patients, and 12 healthy controls. Participants underwent 5‐[123I]iodo‐3‐[2(S)‐2‐azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine single‐photon emission computed tomography, a marker of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, [123I]N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography, to measure dopamine reuptake transporter density and 2‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography to assess regional cerebral metabolic activity. Striatal binding potentials, uptake values at basal ganglia structures, and correlations with clinical variables were analyzed. Results Density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the caudate nucleus of dyskinetic subjects was similar to that of healthy controls and significantly higher to that of nondyskinetic patients, in particular, contralaterally to the clinically most affected side. Interpretation Our findings support the hypothesis that the expression of dyskinesia may be related to cholinergic neuronal excitability in a dopaminergic‐depleted striatum. Cholinergic signaling would play a role in maintaining striatal dopaminergic responsiveness, possibly defining disease phenotype and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Brumberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Küsters
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany
| | - Ehab Al-Momani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
| | | | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - György A Homola
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany
| | - Ioannis U Isaias
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany
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46
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Hillmer AT, Holden D, Fowles K, Nabulsi N, West BL, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP. Microglial depletion and activation: A [ 11C]PBR28 PET study in nonhuman primates. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:59. [PMID: 28741281 PMCID: PMC5524658 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an important target for assessing neuroimmune function in brain with positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging. The goal of this work was to assess two [11C]PBR28 imaging paradigms for measuring dynamic microglia changes in Macaca mulatta. METHODS Dynamic [11C]PBR28 PET imaging data with arterial blood sampling were acquired to quantify TSPO levels as [11C]PBR28 V T. Scans were acquired at three timepoints: baseline, immediately post-drug, and prolonged post-drug. RESULTS In one animal, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor kinase inhibitor, previously shown to deplete brain microglia, reduced [11C]PBR28 V T in brain by 46 ± 3% from baseline, which recovered after 12 days to 7 ± 5% from baseline. In a different animal, acute lipopolysaccharide administration, shown to activate brain microglia, increased [11C]PBR28 V T in brain by 39 ± 9% from baseline, which recovered after 14 days to -11 ± 3% from baseline. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide preliminary evidence of complementary paradigms to assess microglia dynamics via in vivo TSPO imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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47
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Gaiser EC, Gallezot JD, Worhunsky PD, Jastreboff AM, Pittman B, Kantrovitz L, Angarita GA, Cosgrove KP, Potenza MN, Malison RT, Carson RE, Matuskey D. Elevated Dopamine D 2/3 Receptor Availability in Obese Individuals: A PET Imaging Study with [ 11C](+)PHNO. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:3042-3050. [PMID: 27374277 PMCID: PMC5101552 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most prior work with positron emission tomography (PET) dopamine subtype 2/3 receptor (D2/3R) non-selective antagonist tracers suggests that obese (OB) individuals exhibit lower D2/3Rs when compared with normal weight (NW) individuals. A D3-preferring D2/3R agonist tracer, [11C](+)PHNO, has demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with D2/3R availability within striatal reward regions. To date, OB individuals have not been studied with [11C](+)PHNO. We assessed D2/3R availability in striatal and extrastriatal reward regions in 14 OB and 14 age- and gender-matched NW individuals with [11C](+)PHNO PET utilizing a high-resolution research tomograph. Additionally, in regions where group D2/3R differences were observed, secondary analyses of 42 individuals that constituted an overweight cohort was done to study the linear association between BMI and D2/3R availability in those respective regions. A group-by-brain region interaction effect (F7, 182=2.08, p=0.047) was observed. Post hoc analyses revealed that OB individuals exhibited higher tracer binding in D3-rich regions: the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) (+20%; p=0.02), ventral striatum (VST) (+14%; p<0.01), and pallidum (+11%; p=0.02). BMI was also positively associated with D2/3R availability in the SN/VTA (r=0.34, p=0.03), VST (r=0.36, p=0.02), and pallidum (r=0.30, p=0.05) across all subjects. These data suggest that individuals who are obese have higher D2/3R availability in brain reward regions densely populated with D3Rs, potentially identifying a novel pharmacologic target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Gaiser
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Patrick D Worhunsky
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ania M Jastreboff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,CASAColumbia and Departments of Neuroscience and Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, Tel: +1 203 737 6316, Fax: +1 203 785 2994, E-mail:
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48
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Wang S, Kim S, Cosgrove KP, Morris ED. A framework for designing dynamic lp-ntPET studies to maximize the sensitivity to transient neurotransmitter responses to drugs: Application to dopamine and smoking. Neuroimage 2016; 146:701-714. [PMID: 27743899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The "linear parametric neurotransmitter PET" (lp-ntPET) model was introduced to capture the time course of transient endogenous neurotransmitter response to drug stimulus from dynamic PET data. We previously used this novel analysis tool to probe the short-lived dopamine (DA) response induced by cigarette smoking in the PET scanner. It allowed us to find a sex difference in the DA signature of cigarette smoking. To make best use of this tool to characterize neurotransmitter response to drug stimulus, the sensitivity of lp-ntPET to detect such responses must be maximized. We designed a series of simulation studies to examine the impact of the following factors on the sensitivity of lp-ntPET using smoking-induced DA release as an example application: tracer delivery protocol, pre-processing for image denoising, timing of the smoking task, duration of the PET scan, and dose of the radiotracer. Our results suggest that a Bolus paradigm could replace a more difficult B/I paradigm without sacrificing the sensitivity of the method. Pre-processing the PET data with the de-noising algorithm HYPR could improve the sensitivity. The optimal timing to start the smoking task is 45min in a 90min scan and 35min in a 75min scan. A mild shortening of the scan time from 90mCi to 75min should be acceptable without loss of sensitivity. We suggest a lower dose limit of a bolus injection at 16mCi to limit underestimation of DA activation. This study established the framework to optimize the experimental design for reaching the full potential of lp-ntPET to detect neurotransmitter responses to drugs or even behavioral tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sujin Kim
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly P Cosgrove
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Hillmer AT, Esterlis I, Gallezot JD, Bois F, Zheng MQ, Nabulsi N, Lin SF, Papke RL, Huang Y, Sabri O, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP. Imaging of cerebral α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with (-)-[(18)F]Flubatine PET: Implementation of bolus plus constant infusion and sensitivity to acetylcholine in human brain. Neuroimage 2016; 141:71-80. [PMID: 27426839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand (-)-[(18)F]flubatine is specific to α4β2(⁎) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and has promise for future investigation of the acetylcholine system in neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. The two goals of this work were to develop a simplified method for α4β2(⁎) nAChR quantification with bolus plus constant infusion (B/I) (-)-[(18)F]flubatine administration, and to assess the radioligand's sensitivity to acetylcholine fluctuations in humans. Healthy human subjects were imaged following either bolus injection (n=8) or B/I (n=4) administration of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine. The metabolite-corrected input function in arterial blood was measured. Free-fraction corrected distribution volumes (VT/fP) were estimated with modeling and graphical analysis techniques. Next, sensitivity to acetylcholine was assessed in two ways: 1. A bolus injection paradigm with two scans (n=6), baseline (scan 1) and physostigmine challenge (scan 2; 1.5mg over 60min beginning 5min prior to radiotracer injection); 2. A single scan B/I paradigm (n=7) lasting up to 240min with 1.5mg physostigmine administered over 60min beginning at 125min of radiotracer infusion. Changes in VT/fP were measured. Baseline VT/fP values were 33.8±3.3mL/cm(3) in thalamus, 12.9±1.6mL/cm(3) in cerebellum, and ranged from 9.8 to 12.5mL/cm(3) in other gray matter regions. The B/I paradigm with equilibrium analysis at 120min yielded comparable VT/fP values with compartment modeling analysis of bolus data in extrathalamic gray matter regions (regional means <4% different). Changes in VT/fP following physostigmine administration were small and most pronounced in cortical regions, ranging from 0.8 to 4.6% in the two-scan paradigm and 2.8 to 6.5% with the B/I paradigm. These results demonstrate the use of B/I administration for accurate quantification of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine VT/fP in 120min, and suggest possible sensitivity of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine binding to physostigmine-induced changes in acetylcholine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - I Esterlis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J D Gallezot
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - F Bois
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - M Q Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - N Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - S F Lin
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Y Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - O Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - K P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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