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Lee YS. A Rare Case of Isolated Spontaneous Common Carotid Artery Dissection Treated by Telescoping Stents. Cureus 2023; 15:e46933. [PMID: 38022025 PMCID: PMC10640914 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An isolated spontaneous common carotid artery (CCA) dissection is an extremely rare cause of stroke, and standard treatment guidelines are not yet established. This case report presents a rare case of isolated spontaneous CCA dissection but with typical and obvious radiological findings, and it could be informative and educational to clinicians. Telescoping multiple carotid stents can be a feasible treatment option for this case with recurrent ischemia due to a long segment dissection.
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Kürzl C, Hartinger M, Ong P, Schopf R, Schiffer S, Kulozik U. Increasing Performance of Spiral-Wound Modules (SWMs) by Improving Stability against Axial Pressure Drop and Utilising Pulsed Flow. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:791. [PMID: 37755213 PMCID: PMC10535890 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Spacer-induced flow shadows and limited mechanical stability due to module construction and geometry are the main obstacles to improving the filtration performance and cleanability of microfiltration spiral-wound membranes (SWMs), applied to milk protein fractionation in this study. The goal of this study was first to improve filtration performance and cleanability by utilising pulsed flow in a modified pilot-scale filtration plant. The second goal was to enhance membrane stability against module deformation by flow-induced friction in the axial direction ("membrane telescoping"). This was accomplished by stabilising membrane layers, including spacers, at the membrane inlet by glue connections. Pulsed flow characteristics similar to those reported in previous lab-scale studies could be achieved by establishing an on/off bypass around the membrane module, thus enabling a high-frequency flow variation. Pulsed flow significantly increased filtration performance (target protein mass flow into the permeate increased by 26%) and cleaning success (protein removal increased by 28%). Furthermore, adding feed-side glue connections increased the mechanical membrane stability in terms of allowed volume throughput by ≥100% compared to unmodified modules, thus allowing operation with higher axial pressure drops, flow velocities and pulsation amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kürzl
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Food Process Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hartinger
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Ong
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Roland Schopf
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Simon Schiffer
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
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3
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Hadley ML, Shirley MB, Pulido LF, Lewallen DG. Intussusception Allograft Prosthetic Composites in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Salvage Operation for Extensive Femoral Bone Loss. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:1827-1838. [PMID: 36940757 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft prosthetic composites (APCs) have been used to perform revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for massive femoral bone loss or deformity. Intussusception, or "telescoping", APC techniques have been proposed to enhance the contact area of this interface and provide superior mechanical fixation over conventional methods. The purpose of this study is to present to our knowledge, the largest series of telescoping APC THAs, along with surgical technique details and midterm (average 5-10 years) clinical results. METHODS Between 1994 and 2015, 46 revision THAs performed with proximal femoral telescoping APCs were retrospectively reviewed at a single institution. Overall survival, reoperation-free survival, and construct survival rates were calculated via Kaplan-Meier methods. In addition, radiographic analyses were performed to evaluate for component loosening, union at the APC-host interface, and resorption of the allograft. RESULTS At 10 years, the overall patient survival was 58%, reoperation-free survival was 76%, and construct survival was 95%. Reoperation was performed in 20% (n = 9) and only 2 constructs required resection. Radiographic analyses performed at latest follow-up revealed no instances of radiographic femoral stem loosening, an 86% union rate at the APC-host site, 23% with signs of some allograft resorption, and a 54% trochanteric union. The mean postoperative Harris hip score was 71 points (range, 46-100). CONCLUSION Telescoping APCs are technically demanding, but provide reliable mechanical fixation for the reconstructing of large proximal femoral bone deficits in revision THA with excellent construct survivorship, acceptable reoperation rates, and good clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Roston RA, Boessenecker RW, Geisler JH. Evolution and development of the cetacean skull roof: a case study in novelty and homology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220086. [PMID: 37183892 PMCID: PMC10184229 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skulls of living whales and dolphins (cetaceans) are telescoped-bones of the skull roof are overlapped by expanded facial bones and/or anteriorly extended occipital bones. Evolution of the underlying skull roof (calvarium), which lies between the telescoped regions, is relatively unstudied. We explore the evolution and development of the calvarium of toothed whales (odontocetes) by integrating fetal data with Oligocene odontocete fossils from North America, including eight neonatal and juvenile skulls of Olympicetus†. We identified two potential synapomorphies of crown Cetacea: contact of interparietals with frontals, and a single anterior median interparietal (AMI) element. Within Odontoceti, loss of contact between the parietals diagnoses the clade including Delphinida, Ziphiidae and Platanistidae (=Synrhina). Delphinida is characterized by a greatly enlarged interparietal. New fetal series of delphinoids reveal a consistent developmental pattern with three elements: the AMI and bilateral posterior interparietals (PIs). The PIs most resemble the medial interparietal elements of terrestrial artiodactyls, suggesting that the AMI of cetaceans could be a unique ossification. More broadly, the paucity of conserved anatomical relationships of the interparietals, as well as the fact that the elements often do not coalesce into a single bone, demonstrates that assessing homology of the interparietals across mammals remains challenging. This article is part of the theme issue 'The mammalian skull: development, structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Roston
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - R W Boessenecker
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J H Geisler
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA
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Hung YC, Cheng KY, Lin HY, Lin SP, Yang CY, Liu SC. Surgical Strategy to Decrease the Revision Rate of Fassier-Duval Nailing in the Lower Limbs of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071151. [PMID: 35887648 PMCID: PMC9323302 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The Fassier−Duval (FD) nail was developed for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The aim of this study was to review the results of OI patients treated with the FD nail at our institution and discuss a surgical strategy to decrease the FD nail revision rate; (2) Methods: We retrospectively reviewed OI patients treated at our institution between 2015 and 2020. OI patients treated with FD nail insertion in the long bones of the lower extremities were included, and those with a follow-up duration <1 year or incomplete radiographs were excluded. Data on the type of OI, age, sex, use of bisphosphonate treatment, and nail failure were recorded; (3) Results: The final cohort consisted of seven patients (three females and four males) with ten femurs and ten tibiae involved. Six of the patients had type III OI, and one had type IV OI. An exchange of implant was required in 11 limbs. The average interval between previous FD nail insertion and revision surgery was 2.4 years; (4) Discussion: The main reasons for revision surgery were migration of the male/female component, refracture/nail bending, and delayed union. In the femur, migration of the female component or nail bending were common reasons for failure, while migration of the male component and delayed union were common in the tibia; (5) Conclusions: Surgery for OI patients is challenging, and physicians should aim to minimize complications and the need for revision. Sufficient depth of purchase, center−center nail position, and adequate osteotomy to correct bowing are the key factors when using the FD nail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chi Hung
- Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (K.-Y.C.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Kai-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (K.-Y.C.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (S.-P.L.)
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (S.-P.L.)
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Infant and Child Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 10650, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (K.-Y.C.); (S.-C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (K.-Y.C.); (S.-C.L.)
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Goto K, Murakami T, Saku I. Postoperative subtype P as a risk factor for excessive postoperative sliding of cephalomedullary nail in femoral trochanteric fractures in old patients: A case series of 263 patients using computed tomography analysis. Injury 2022; 53:2163-2171. [PMID: 35260246 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although excellent results of cephalomedullary nailing for femoral trochanteric fractures have been reported, excessive sliding has recently been noted as a cause of lag screw cut-out. Excessive sliding is reported as sliding of ≥8mm, which occurs in approximately 40%of cases. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for excessive sliding. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 551 patients who underwent cephalomedullary nail surgery between 2016 and 2021 were recruited. Patients aged ≥65 years who underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT), experienced low-energy trauma, and received follow-up for >4 months were included. Cases were retrospectively reviewed for their postoperative sliding distance and the percentage of excessive sliding (>8 mm). 3D-CT classification, reduction pattern (subtypes A, N, and P) in the lateral view, medullary mismatch, and implant type (short/long Gamma3 nail and INTERTAN) were investigated fortheirimpact on sliding distance andtheincidence of excessive sliding. Complication rates (lag screw cut-out and non-union) were also assessed. RESULTS Overall, 263 patients (mean age, 84.0±7.4; 186 women) were recruited. The median (range) sliding distance was 3.5 (0-20) mm, and 42 cases (16.0%) had excessive sliding. Sliding distance was significantly smaller in the 2-fragment group than in the 3-fragment group (GP+GA and GP+L) (p=0.02); however, there were no significant differences between the 2-fragment and other fracture-type groups, including the 3-fragment group (GP, GA, GP ± GA, GP ± L), 4-fragmentgroup(GP/L, GP ± L/GA, GP±GA/L), and 5-fragmentgroup. There was no significant difference in sliding distance according to postoperative reduction type between the groups (p=0.83) and no correlation between medullary mismatch and sliding distance. The amount of sliding and rate of excessive sliding were significantly lower in the INTERTAN group than in the Gamma3 nail groups (p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis with excessive sliding as the variable revealed reduction type P as the only risk factor (p=0.024, odds ratio 2.99). There were three lag screw cut-out (1.1%) cases and one non-union (0.4%) case. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative subtype P is a risk factor for excessive sliding; there was significantly less sliding in the INTERTAN nail group. It is necessary to avoid reduction to subtype P to prevent postoperative excessive sliding. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yaizu City Hospital, Yaizu-Shi, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yaizu City Hospital, Yaizu-Shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Isaku Saku
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yaizu City Hospital, Yaizu-Shi, Shizuoka, Japan
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Griffin SC, Alphonso AL, Tung M, Finn S, Perry BN, Hill W, O’Connell C, Hanling SR, Goff BJ, Pasquina PF, Tsao J. Characteristics of phantom limb pain in U.S. civilians and service members. Scand J Pain 2022; 22:125-132. [PMID: 34529903 PMCID: PMC10896663 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The population of Americans with limb loss is on the rise, with a different profile than in previous generations (e.g., greater incidence of amputation due to diabetes). This study aimed to identify the key characteristics of phantom limb sensation (PLS) and pain (PLP) in a current sample of Americans with limb loss. METHODS This cross-sectional study is the first large-scale (n=649) study on PLP in the current population of Americans with limb loss. A convenience sample of military and civilian persons missing one or more major limbs was surveyed regarding their health history and experience with phantom limb phenomena. RESULTS Of the participants surveyed, 87% experienced PLS and 82% experienced PLP. PLS and PLP typically first occurred immediately after amputation (47% of cases), but for a small percentage (3-4%) onset did not occur until over a year after amputation. Recent PLP severity decreased over time (β=0.028, 95% CI: -0.05-0.11), but most participants reported PLP even 10 years after amputation. Higher levels of recent PLP were associated with telescoping (β=0.123, 95% CI: 0.04-0.21) and higher levels of pre-amputation pain (β=0.104, 95% CI: 0.03-0.18). Those with congenitally missing limbs experienced lower levels of recent PLP (t (37.93)=3.93, p<0.01) but there were no consistent differences in PLP between other amputation etiologies. CONCLUSIONS Phantom limb phenomena are common and enduring. Telescoping and pre-amputation pain are associated with higher PLP. Persons with congenitally missing limbs experience lower levels of PLP than those with amputation(s), yet PLP is common even in this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Griffin
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aimee L. Alphonso
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Tung
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sacha Finn
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Briana N. Perry
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Hill
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Colleen O’Connell
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Brandon J. Goff
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for the Intrepid, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul F. Pasquina
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack Tsao
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Thøgersen M, Andoh J, Milde C, Graven-Nielsen T, Flor H, Petrini L. Individualized Augmented Reality Training Reduces Phantom Pain and Cortical Reorganization in Amputees: A Proof of Concept Study. J Pain 2020; 21:1257-1269. [PMID: 32574786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phantom limb pain (PLP) may be relieved using a visual representation of an intact limb. However, patients with distorted (telescoped) phantoms seem unable to associate with visualizations of intact limbs. A virtual arm visualization was matched to the individual's phantom perception and controlled in an augmented reality (AR) intervention. Seven PLP participants with telescoped phantoms performed 8 supervised home-based AR-training sessions (45 minutes each) within 2 weeks. The virtual arm was superimposed in AR onto their residual limb and controlled using electromyography from the residual limb. AR-training sessions included 3 AR tasks aimed at reengaging the neural circuits related to the lost limb. Agency (Rubber hand illusion questionnaire) and telescoping (proprioceptive drift and felt telescoping) were monitored after individual training sessions. fMRI during lip pursing was assessed before and after intervention. Pain rating index scores were reduced by 52% (mean change = -1.884, P = .032, d = 1.135). Numerical rating scale scores of PLP severity (0-6) in patients benefitting from the intervention were reduced by 41% (mean change = .93 P = .022, d = 1.334). The lip pursing task illustrated decreased cortical activity in the primary somatosensory cortex, which correlated to the reduced numerical rating scale scores of PLP severity. PERSPECTIVE: Two weeks of novel AR interventions in patients with telescoped phantoms demonstrated reduced PLP and reversal of cortical reorganization. This research highlights the potential of individualized AR interventions for PLP and indicate the importance of agency in this type of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Thøgersen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jamila Andoh
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christopher Milde
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Herta Flor
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laura Petrini
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Jolley KE, Chapman MR, Blacker AJ. A general and atom-efficient continuous-flow approach to prepare amines, amides and imines via reactive N-chloramines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2220-2228. [PMID: 30202475 PMCID: PMC6122332 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloramines are an important class of reagents, providing a convenient source of chlorine or electrophilic nitrogen. However, the instability of these compounds is a problem which makes their isolation and handling difficult. To overcome these hazards, a continuous-flow approach is reported which generates and immediately reacts N-chloramines directly, avoiding purification and isolation steps. 2-Chloramines were produced from the reaction of styrenes with N-alkyl-N-sulfonyl-N-chloramines, whilst N-alkyl or N,N'-dialkyl-N-chloramines reacted with anisaldehyde in the presence of t-BuO2H oxidant to afford amides. Primary and secondary imines were produced under continuous conditions from the reaction of N-chloramines with base, with one example subsequently reduced under asymmetric conditions to produce a chiral amine in 94% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Jolley
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Chapman
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A John Blacker
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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10
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Wakolbinger R, Diers M, Hruby LA, Sturma A, Aszmann OC. Home-Based Tactile Discrimination Training Reduces Phantom Limb Pain. Pain Pract 2017; 18:709-715. [PMID: 29105971 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phantom limb pain (PLP) affects a high percentage of amputees. Since treatment options are limited, low quality of life and addiction to pain medication frequently occur. New treatments, such as mirror therapy or electrical sensory discrimination training, make use of the brain's plasticity to alleviate this centrally derived pain. AIM This pilot study assessed the question of whether home-based tactile discrimination training (TDT) leads to a stronger decrease in PLP levels compared to standard massage treatment. DESIGN Controlled study. SETTING Outpatient. POPULATION Amputees (upper/lower extremity) with a PLP score of 4 or higher out of a possible 10 points on the visual analog scale. METHODS Eight patients participated in the study. The treatment phase comprised 2 weeks (15 minutes daily). Subjects were examined at baseline, after treatment, 2 weeks after completing treatment, and 4 weeks after completing treatment. Pain was assessed using the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory. RESULTS There was a significantly stronger reduction in PLP in the treatment group receiving TDT. PLP intensity ratings were significantly reduced at the end of therapy, and at 2 and 4 weeks after completing treatment compared to pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS TDT seems to be an easy, cheap, time-effective, and safe method to achieve sustained alleviation of PLP and also brings about a positive change in body image. REHABILITATION IMPACT Home-based TDT could achieve a sustained reduction in PLP and should be considered as a possible alternative to established treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wakolbinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Danube Hospital-Social Medical Center East, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Diers
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laura A Hruby
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Sturma
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Health Assisting Engineering, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar C Aszmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Cosgrove KP, Mazure CM, Potenza MN. Does Telescoping Exist in Male and Female Gamblers? Does It Matter? Front Psychol 2017; 8:1510. [PMID: 28928697 PMCID: PMC5591942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Women's Health Research at YaleNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Women's Health Research at YaleNew Haven, CT, United States.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, United States.,Connecticut Mental Health CenterNew Haven, CT, United States
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12
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Abstract
This study examined trajectories of progression from early substance use to treatment entry as a function of race, among inpatient treatment seekers (N = 945). Following primary race-contingent analyses of use progression, secondary analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on the observed differences. African Americans reported significant delays in treatment entry relative to Caucasians. Racial differences in alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use trajectories were observed. Accounting for SES rendered observations of accelerated use among African Americans nonsignificant. However, inclusion of SES failed to mitigate the marked racial disparity in treatment entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lewis
- a University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida
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13
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Abstract
Multiple assessments of age of onset of alcohol use milestones may produce inconsistent reports, yielding potentially different results, depending on the report utilized. Using data from a prospective study of 1,023 middle-school students, we modeled risk of onset of four drinking milestones as a function of multiple correlates of alcohol use and compared models using first versus last reported age for each milestone. . While forward telescoping was evident, no significant differences were obtained for any models examined. Substantive conclusions about associations of correlates of early drinking are not greatly impacted by misreporting age of first use.
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14
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Wang Q, Peterson C. The Fate of Childhood Memories: Children Postdated Their Earliest Memories as They Grew Older. Front Psychol 2016; 6:2038. [PMID: 26793149 PMCID: PMC4709485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood amnesia has been attributed to the inaccessibility of early memories as children grow older. We propose that systematic biases in the age estimates of memories may play a role. A group of 4- to 9-year-olds children were followed for 8 years, recalling and dating their earliest childhood memories at three time points. Although children retained many of the memories over time, their age estimates of these memories shifted forward in time, to later ages. The magnitude of postdating was especially sizable for earlier memories and younger children such that some memories were dated more than a year later than originally. As a result, the boundary of childhood amnesia increased with age. These findings shed light on childhood amnesia and the fate of early memories. They further suggest that generally accepted estimates for people’s age of earliest memory may be wrong, which has far-reaching implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
| | - Carole Peterson
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's NF, Canada
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15
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Slutske WS, Piasecki TM, Deutsch AR, Statham DJ, Martin NG. Telescoping and gender differences in the time course of disordered gambling: evidence from a general population sample. Addiction 2015; 110:144-51. [PMID: 25171127 PMCID: PMC4270904 DOI: 10.1111/add.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The course of disordered gambling in women has been described as 'telescoped' compared with that in men, with a later age at initiation of gambling but shorter times from initiation to disorder. This study examined the evidence, for the first time, for such a telescoping effect in a general population rather than a treatment-seeking sample. METHOD Participants in a large community-based Australian twin cohort (2001 men, 2662 women) were assessed by structured diagnostic telephone interviews in which they reported the ages at which they had attained various gambling milestones and additional information to be used as covariates (the types of gambling in which they had participated and history of symptoms of alcohol dependence, major depression, and adult antisocial behavior). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine differences between men and women in the time from gambling initiation to the first disordered gambling symptom and a diagnosis of disordered gambling. RESULTS Men had a higher hazards than women for the time to the first disordered gambling symptom [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.13, P < 0.0001] and to a diagnosis of disordered gambling (HR = 2.53, P < 0.0001). These differences persisted after controlling for covariates. Earlier age of initiation was the most potent predictor of progression to the first symptom. CONCLUSIONS When assessed at the general population level, female gamblers do not appear to show a telescoped disordered gambling trajectory compared with male gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S. Slutske
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States,Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Thomas M. Piasecki
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States,Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Arielle R. Deutsch
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States,Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Dixie J. Statham
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Abstract
The course of pathological gambling (PG) in women has been described as having a later age of initiation but a shorter time to problematic gambling ("telescoped"). This study examined evidence for telescoping and its relationship with comorbidities. Seventy-one treatment-seeking individuals with PG underwent a diagnostic interview to examine gambling behaviors, age at initiation of gambling, and time from initiation to meeting criteria for PG. The women had a higher mean age at gambling initiation compared with that of the men (mean [SD] age, 31.3 [13.0] years, compared with 22.4 [7.9] years; p = 0.0003) and a significantly shorter time from initiation of gambling to meeting the criteria for PG (8.33 [8.7] years compared with 11.97 [9.1] years; p = 0.0476) after controlling for demographic and clinical variables. This study presents evidence for a gender-specific course of PG unrelated to psychiatric comorbidities and suggests a need for greater clinical focus on the gender differences of gambling behavior.
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17
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Schmalzl L, Thomke E, Ragnö C, Nilseryd M, Stockselius A, Ehrsson HH. "Pulling telescoped phantoms out of the stump": manipulating the perceived position of phantom limbs using a full-body illusion. Front Hum Neurosci 2011; 5:121. [PMID: 22065956 PMCID: PMC3206583 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most amputees experience phantom limbs, or the sensation that their amputated limb is still attached to the body. Phantom limbs can be perceived in the location previously occupied by the intact limb, or they can gradually retract inside the stump, a phenomenon referred to as “telescoping”. Telescoping is relevant from a clinical point of view, as it tends to be related to increased levels of phantom pain. In the current study we demonstrate how a full-body illusion can be used to temporarily revoke telescoping sensations in upper limb amputees. During this illusion participants view the body of a mannequin from a first person perspective while being subjected to synchronized visuo-tactile stimulation through stroking, which makes them experience the mannequin’s body as their own. In Experiment 1 we used an intact mannequin, and showed that amputees can experience ownership of an intact body as well as referral of touch from both hands of the mannequin. In Experiment 2 and 3 we used an amputated mannequin, and demonstrated that depending on the spatial location of the strokes applied to the mannequin, participants experienced their phantom hand to either remain telescoped, or to actually be located below the stump. The effects were supported by subjective data from questionnaires, as well as verbal reports of the perceived location of the phantom hand in a visual judgment task. These findings are of particular interest, as they show that the temporary revoking of telescoping sensations does not necessarily have to involve the visualization of an intact hand or illusory movement of the phantom (as in the rubber hand illusion or mirror visual feedback therapy), but that it can also be obtained through mere referral of touch from the stump to the spatial location corresponding to that previously occupied by the intact hand. Moreover, our study also provides preliminary evidence for the fact that these manipulations can have an effect on phantom pain sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schmalzl
- Brain, Body and Self Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Delays in development are a fundamental feature in diagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Age of language acquisition, usually obtained through retrospective caregiver report, is currently used to distinguish between categories within ASD. Research has shown that caregivers often report children as having acquired developmental milestones earlier or later than they were actually achieved. The current study examines the extent to which this phenomenon, referred to as 'telescoping,' impacts retrospective reports provided by caregivers of children with ASD. METHODS Participants were 127 caregivers of children referred for possible ASD or non-spectrum developmental delay. Caregivers were interviewed when children were 2, 3, 5, and 9 years of age. Caregiver-reported ages of first concern, language and non-diagnostic developmental milestones and interviewer-estimated age of onset were compared over time using linear models. RESULTS Significant telescoping of language milestones resulted in more children meeting language delay criteria as they grew older, in spite of original reports that their language was not delayed. There was little evidence of consistent telescoping of caregiver-reported ages of first concern, daytime bladder control, and independent walking. With time, the interviewers' judged ages of symptom onset increased, but remained prior to age three. CONCLUSIONS Telescoping of caregiver-reported ages of language acquisition has implications for both clinical diagnosis and genetic studies using these milestones to increase homogeneity of samples. Results support proposals to remove specific age-based criteria in the diagnosis of ASD. Telescoping should be considered when working with any clinical population in which retrospectively recalled events are used in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hus
- University of Michigan Autism & Communication Disorders Center, USA.
| | - Amanda Taylor
- Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
| | - Catherine Lord
- University of Michigan Autism & Communication Disorders Center, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, USA
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19
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Schmalzl L, Ehrsson HH. Experimental induction of a perceived "telescoped" limb using a full-body illusion. Front Hum Neurosci 2011; 5:34. [PMID: 21503143 PMCID: PMC3071972 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phantom limbs refer to the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body. Phantom limbs may be perceived as continuous with the stump so as to resemble a normal limb, or as “telescoped” with the more distal portion of the phantom being perceived as having withdrawn within the stump. Telescoping tends to be related to increased levels of phantom pain, making it a clinically relevant phenomenon to investigate. In the current study we show that a full-body illusion can be used to induce the sensation of a telescoped limb in healthy individuals. For the induction of the full-body illusion, participants saw the body of a mannequin from a first person perspective while being subjected to synchronized visuo-tactile stimulation through stroking. Crucially, the mannequin was missing its left hand so as to resemble an amputee. By manipulating the positioning of the strokes applied to the mannequin's stump with respect to the participants’ hand we were able to evoke the sensation of the participants’ hand being located either below the stump or, more crucially, “inside” the stump, i.e., telescoped. In three separate experiments these effects were supported by complementary subjective data from questionnaires, verbally reported perceived location of the hand, and manual pointing movements indicating hand position (proprioceptive drift). Taken together our results show that healthy individuals can experience the body of an upper limb amputee as their own, and that this can be associated with telescoping sensations. This is a theoretically important observation as it shows that ownership of an entire body can be evoked in the context of gross anatomical incongruence for a single limb, and that telescoping sensations occur as a consequence of the body representation system trying to reduce this incongruence. Furthermore, the present study might provide a new platform for future studies of the relationship between telescoping and phantom pain in amputees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schmalzl
- Brain, Body and Self Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Abstract
The current study tested whether and why children of alcoholics (COAs) showed telescoped (adolescent) drinking initiation-to-disorder trajectories as compared with non-COAs. Using longitudinal data from a community-based sample, the authors confirmed through survival analyses that COAs progressed more quickly from initial adolescent alcohol use to the onset of disorder than do matched controls. Similar risks for telescoping were evident in COAs whose parents were actively symptomatic versus those whose parents had been previously diagnosed. Stronger telescoping effects were observed for COAs whose parents showed comorbidity for either depression or antisocial personality disorder. Both greater externalizing symptoms and more frequent, heavier drinking patterns at initiation failed to explain COAs' risk for telescoping, although externalizing symptoms were a unique predictor of telescoping. This risk for telescoping was also evident for drug disorders. These findings characterize a risky course of drinking in COAs and raise important questions concerning the underlying mechanisms and consequences of telescoping in COAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hussong
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA.
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