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Alluri SR, Zheng M, Holden D, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Felchner Z, Li S, Ropchan J, Carson R, Jia H, Huang Y. Evaluation of a First PET Tracer Suitable for Imaging the Sigma-2 Receptor in the Brain of Nonhuman Primates. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:194-200. [PMID: 38013422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor (σ2R), recently identified as transmembrane protein 97, is expressed in many cell types and mediates important functions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Over the years, σ2R has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for cancer and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The currently available σ2R radiotracers have been developed primarily for cancer imaging with limited brain uptake. Here, we report the evaluation of the first brain penetrant 18F-labeled radiotracer suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of σ2R in nonhuman primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MingQiang Zheng
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Zhang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zachary Felchner
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Songye Li
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Richard Carson
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hongmei Jia
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Chen B, Ojha DP, Toyonaga T, Tong J, Pracitto R, Thomas MA, Liu M, Kapinos M, Zhang L, Zheng MQ, Holden D, Fowles K, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, De Feyter H, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cai Z. Preclinical evaluation of a brain penetrant PARP PET imaging probe in rat glioblastoma and nonhuman primates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2081-2099. [PMID: 36849748 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, there are multiple active clinical trials involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma. The noninvasive quantification of baseline PARP expression using positron emission tomography (PET) may provide prognostic information and lead to more precise treatment. Due to the lack of brain-penetrant PARP imaging agents, the reliable and accurate in vivo quantification of PARP in the brain remains elusive. Herein, we report the synthesis of a brain-penetrant PARP PET tracer, (R)-2-(2-methyl-1-(methyl-11C)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxamide ([11C]PyBic), and its preclinical evaluations in a syngeneic RG2 rat glioblastoma model and healthy nonhuman primates. METHODS We synthesized [11C]PyBic using veliparib as the labeling precursor, performed dynamic PET scans on RG2 tumor-bearing rats and calculated the distribution volume ratio (DVR) using simplified reference region method 2 (SRTM2) with the contralateral nontumor brain region as the reference region. We performed biodistribution studies, western blot, and immunostaining studies to validate the in vivo PET quantification results. We characterized the brain kinetics and binding specificity of [11C]PyBic in nonhuman primates on FOCUS220 scanner and calculated the volume of distribution (VT), nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND), and nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) in selected brain regions. RESULTS [11C]PyBic was synthesized efficiently in one step, with greater than 97% radiochemical and chemical purity and molar activity of 148 ± 85 MBq/nmol (n = 6). [11C]PyBic demonstrated PARP-specific binding in RG2 tumors, with 74% of tracer binding in tumors blocked by preinjected veliparib (i.v., 5 mg/kg). The in vivo PET imaging results were corroborated by ex vivo biodistribution, PARP1 immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting data. Furthermore, brain penetration of [11C]PyBic was confirmed by quantitative monkey brain PET, which showed high specific uptake (BPND > 3) and low nonspecific uptake (VND < 3 mL/cm3) in the monkey brain. CONCLUSION [11C]PyBic is the first brain-penetrant PARP PET tracer validated in a rat glioblastoma model and healthy nonhuman primates. The brain kinetics of [11C]PyBic are suitable for noninvasive quantification of available PARP binding in the brain, which posits [11C]PyBic to have broad applications in oncology and neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Chen
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Devi Prasan Ojha
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Richard Pracitto
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Monique A Thomas
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Liu
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Henk De Feyter
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA.
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3
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Calakos KC, Hillmer AT, Anderson JM, LeVasseur B, Baldassarri SR, Angarita GA, Matuskey D, Kapinos M, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Cosgrove KP. Cholinergic system adaptations are associated with cognitive function in people recently abstinent from smoking: a (-)-[ 18F]flubatine PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:683-689. [PMID: 36681758 PMCID: PMC9938267 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system is a critical mediator of cognition in animals. People who smoke cigarettes exhibit cognitive deficits, especially during quit attempts. Few studies jointly examine the cholinergic system and cognition in people while trying to quit smoking. We used positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging with the β2-subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (β2*-nAChR) partial agonist radioligand (-)-[18F]flubatine and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine to jointly examine the cholinergic system, smoking status, and cognition. (-)-[18F]Flubatine scans and cognitive data were acquired from twenty people who recently stopped smoking cigarettes (aged 38 ± 11 years; 6 female, 14 male; abstinent 7 ± 1 days) and 27 people who never smoked cigarettes (aged 29 ± 8 years; 11 female, 16 male). A subset of fifteen recently abstinent smokers and 21 never smokers received a mid-scan physostigmine challenge to increase acetylcholine levels. Regional volume of distribution (VT) was estimated with equilibrium analysis at "baseline" and post-physostigmine. Participants completed a cognitive battery prior to (-)-[18F]flubatine injection and physostigmine administration assessing executive function (Groton Maze Learning test), verbal learning (International Shopping List test), and working memory (One Back test). Physostigmine significantly decreased cortical (-)-[18F]flubatine VT, consistent with increased cortical acetylcholine levels reducing the number of β2*-nAChR sites available for (-)-[18F]flubatine binding, at comparable magnitudes across groups (p values < 0.05). A larger magnitude of physostigmine-induced decrease in (-)-[18F]flubatine VT was significantly associated with worse executive function in people who recently stopped smoking (p values < 0.05). These findings underscore the role of the cholinergic system in early smoking cessation and highlight the importance of neuroscience-informed treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina C Calakos
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brittany LeVasseur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, & Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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4
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Smart K, Zheng MQ, Holden D, Felchner Z, Zhang L, Han Y, Ropchan J, Carson RE, Vasdev N, Huang Y. In Vivo Imaging and Kinetic Modeling of Novel Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Radiotracers [ 11C]OCM-44 and [ 18F]OCM-50 in Non-Human Primates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:194. [PMID: 37259346 PMCID: PMC9959234 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a potential therapeutic target for a range of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. The goal of this work was to evaluate two leading GSK-3 positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands, [11C]OCM-44 and [18F]OCM-50, in non-human primates to assess their potential for clinical translation. A total of nine PET scans were performed with the two radiotracers using arterial blood sampling in adult rhesus macaques. Brain regional time-activity curves were extracted and fitted with one- and two-tissue compartment models using metabolite-corrected arterial input functions. Target selectivity was assessed after pre-administration of the GSK-3 inhibitor PF-04802367 (PF-367, 0.03-0.25 mg/kg). Both radiotracers showed good brain uptake and distribution throughout grey matter. [11C]OCM-44 had a free fraction in the plasma of 3% at baseline and was metabolized quickly. The [11C]OCM-44 volume of distribution (VT) values in the brain increased with time; VT values from models fitted to truncated 60-min scan data were 1.4-2.9 mL/cm3 across brain regions. The plasma free fraction was 0.6% for [18F]OCM-50 and VT values (120-min) were 0.39-0.87 mL/cm3 in grey matter regions. After correcting for plasma free fraction increases during blocking scans, reductions in regional VT indicated >80% target occupancy by 0.1 mg/kg of PF-367 for both radiotracers, supporting target selectivity in vivo. [11C]OCM-44 and [18F]OCM-50 warrant further evaluation as radioligands for imaging GSK-3 in the brain, though radio-metabolite accumulation may confound image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Zachary Felchner
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yanjiang Han
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Blvd North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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5
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Ahmed H, Zheng MQ, Smart K, Fang H, Zhang L, Emery PR, Gao H, Ropchan J, Haider A, Tamagnan G, Carson RE, Ametamey SM, Huang Y. Evaluation of ( rac)-, ( R)-, and ( S)- 18F-OF-NB1 for Imaging GluN2B Subunit-Containing N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors in Nonhuman Primates. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1912-1918. [PMID: 35710735 PMCID: PMC9730915 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.263977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite 2 decades of research, no N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor (GluN) subtype 2B (GluN1/2B) radioligand is yet clinically validated. Previously, we reported on (rac)-18F-OF-NB1 as a promising GluN1/2B PET probe in rodents and its successful application for the visualization of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in postmortem brain tissues of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the current work, we report on the in vivo characterization of (rac)-, (R)-, and (S)-18F-OF-NB1 in nonhuman primates. Methods: PET scans were performed on rhesus monkeys. Plasma profiling was used to obtain the arterial input function. Regional brain time-activity curves were generated and fitted with the 1- and 2-tissue-compartment models and the multilinear analysis 1 method, and the corresponding regional volumes of distribution were calculated. Blocking studies with the GluN1/2B ligand Co 101244 (0.25 mg/kg) were performed for the enantiopure radiotracers. Receptor occupancy, nonspecific volume of distribution, and regional binding potential (BP ND) were obtained. Potential off-target binding toward σ1 receptors was assessed for (S)-18F-OF-NB1 using the σ1 receptor ligand FTC-146. Results: Free plasma fraction was moderate, ranging from 12% to 16%. All radiotracers showed high and heterogeneous brain uptake, with the highest levels in the cortex. (R)-18F-OF-NB1 showed the highest uptake and slowest washout kinetics of all tracers. The 1-tissue-compartment model and multilinear analysis 1 method fitted the regional time-activity curves well for all tracers and produced reliable regional volumes of distribution, which were higher for (R)- than (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Receptor occupancy by Co 101244 was 85% and 96% for (S)-18F-OF-NB1 and (R)-18F-OF-NB1, respectively. Pretreatment with FTC-146 at both a low (0.027 mg/kg) and high (0.125 mg/kg) dose led to a similar reduction (48% and 49%, respectively) in specific binding of (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Further, pretreatment with both Co 101244 and FTC-146 did not result in a further reduction in specific binding compared with Co 101244 alone in the same monkey (82% vs. 81%, respectively). Regional BP ND values ranged from 1.3 in the semiovale to 3.4 in the cingulate cortex for (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Conclusion: Both (R)- and (S)-18F-OF-NB1 exhibited high binding specificity to GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptors. The fast washout kinetics, good regional BP ND values, and high plasma free fraction render (S)-18F-OF-NB1 an attractive radiotracer for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | | | - Kelly Smart
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Hanyi Fang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
- Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Paul R Emery
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Hong Gao
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Radhakrishnan R, Worhunsky PD, Zheng MQ, Najafzadeh S, Gallezot JD, Planeta B, Henry S, Nabulsi N, Ranganathan M, Skosnik PD, Pittman B, Cyril D'Souza D, Carson RE, Huang Y, Potenza MN, Matuskey D. Age, gender and body-mass-index relationships with in vivo CB 1 receptor availability in healthy humans measured with [ 11C]OMAR PET. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119674. [PMID: 36243269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) contribute importantly to the regulation of autonomic tone, appetite, mood and cognition. Inconsistent results have been reported from positron emission tomography (PET) studies using different radioligands to examine relationships between age, gender and body mass index (BMI) and CB1R availability in healthy individuals. In this study, we examined these variables in 58 healthy individuals (age range: 18-55 years; 44 male; BMI=27.01±5.56), the largest cohort of subjects studied to date using the CB1R PET ligand [11C]OMAR. There was a significant decline in CB1R availability (VT) with age in the pallidum, cerebellum and posterior cingulate. Adjusting for BMI, age-related decline in VT remained significant in the posterior cingulate among males, and in the cerebellum among women. CB1R availability was higher in women compared to men in the thalamus, pallidum and posterior cingulate. Adjusting for age, CB1R availability negatively correlated with BMI in women but not men. These findings differ from those reported using [11C]OMAR and other radioligands such as [18F]FMPEP-d2 and [18F]MK-9470. Although reasons for these seemingly divergent findings are unclear, the choice of PET radioligand and range of BMI in the current dataset may contribute to the observed differences. This study highlights the need for cross-validation studies using both [11C]OMAR and [18F]FMPEP-d2 within the same cohort of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicinev, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| | - Patrick D Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicinev, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Beata Planeta
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Shannan Henry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicinev, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Patrick D Skosnik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicinev, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicinev, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicinev, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicinev, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, United States; Connecticut Mental Health Center, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, United States
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicinev, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
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7
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Smart K, Zheng MQ, Ahmed H, Fang H, Xu Y, Cai L, Holden D, Kapinos M, Haider A, Felchner Z, Ropchan JR, Tamagnan G, Innis RB, Pike VW, Ametamey SM, Huang Y, Carson RE. Comparison of three novel radiotracers for GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in non-human primates: (R)-[ 11C]NR2B-Me, (R)-[ 18F]of-Me-NB1, and (S)-[ 18F]of-NB1. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1398-1409. [PMID: 35209743 PMCID: PMC9274863 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221084416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit is a target of interest in neuropsychiatric disorders but to date there is no selective radiotracer available to quantify its availability in vivo. Here we report direct comparisons in non-human primates of three GluN2B-targeting radioligands: (R)-[11C]NR2B-Me, (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1, and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1. Plasma free fraction, metabolism, tissue distribution and kinetics, and quantitative kinetic modeling methods and parameters were evaluated in two adult rhesus macaques. Free fraction in plasma was <2% for (R)-[11C]NR2B-Me and (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and higher for (S)-[18F]OF-NB1 (15%). All radiotracers showed good brain uptake and distribution throughout grey matter, with substantial (>68%) blockade across the brain by the GluN2B-targeting drug Co-101,244 (0.25 mg/kg), including in the cerebellum. Time-activity curves were well-fitted by the one-tissue compartment model, with volume of distribution values of 20-40 mL/cm3 for (R)-[11C]NR2B-Me, 8-16 mL/cm3 for (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1, and 15-35 mL/cm3 for (S)-[18F]OF-NB1. Estimates of regional non-displaceable binding potential were in the range of 2-3 for (R)-[11C]NR2B-Me and (S)-[18F]-OF-NB1, and 0.5-1 for (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1. Altogether, each radiotracer showed an acceptable profile for quantitative imaging of GluN2B. (S)-[18F]OF-NB1 has particularly promising imaging characteristics for potential translation into humans. However, the source of unexpected displaceable binding in the cerebellum for each of these compounds requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanyi Fang
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zachary Felchner
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jim R Ropchan
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Gilles Tamagnan
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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8
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Zheng M, Ahmed H, Smart K, Xu Y, Holden D, Kapinos M, Felchner Z, Haider A, Tamagnan G, Carson RE, Huang Y, Ametamey SM. Characterization in nonhuman primates of (R)-[ 18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[ 18F]OF-Me-NB1 for imaging the GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2153-2162. [PMID: 35107627 PMCID: PMC9165293 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GluN2B containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an essential role in neurotransmission and are a potential treatment target for multiple neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 was reported to be more specific and selective than (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 for the GluN2B subunits of the NMDAR based on their binding affinity to GluN2B and sigma-1 receptors. Here we report a comprehensive evaluation of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 in nonhuman primates. METHODS The radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 started from 18F-fluorination of the boronic ester precursor, followed by removal of the acetyl protecting group. PET scans in two rhesus monkeys were conducted on the Focus 220 scanner. Blocking studies were performed after treatment of the animals with the GluN2B antagonist Co101,244 or the sigma-1 receptor antagonist FTC-146. One-tissue compartment (1TC) model and multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) method with arterial input function were used to obtain the regional volume of distribution (VT, mL/cm3). Occupancy values by the two blockers were obtained by the Lassen plot. Regional non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated from the corresponding baseline VT and the VND derived from the occupancy plot of the Co101,244 blocking scans. RESULTS (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 were produced in > 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity, with molar activity of 224.22 ± 161.69 MBq/nmol at the end of synthesis (n = 10). Metabolism was moderate, with ~ 30% parent compound remaining for (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and 20% for (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 at 30 min postinjection. Plasma free fraction was 1-2%. In brain regions, both (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 displayed fast uptake with slower clearance for the (R)- than (S)-enantiomer. For (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1, both the 1TC model and MA1 method gave reliable estimates of regional VT values, with MA1 VT (mL/cm3) values ranging from 8.9 in the cerebellum to 12.8 in the cingulate cortex. Blocking with 0.25 mg/kg of Co101,244 greatly reduced the uptake of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 across all brain regions, resulting in occupancy of 77% and VND of 6.36, while 0.027 mg/kg of FTC-146 reduced specific binding by 30%. Regional BPND, as a measure of specific binding signals, ranged from 0.40 in the cerebellum to 1.01 in the cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS In rhesus monkeys, (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 exhibited fast kinetics and heterogeneous uptake across brain regions, while the (S)-enantiomer displayed a narrower dynamic range of uptake across regions. A Blocking study with a GluN2B antagonist indicated binding specificity. The value of BPND was > 0.5 in most brain regions, suggesting good in vivo specific binding signals. Taken together, results from the current study demonstrated the potential of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 as a useful radiotracer for imaging the GluN2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Smart
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuping Xu
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Tong J, Chen B, Alluri SR, Gu J, Zheng MQ, Zheng C, Felchner Z, Gao H, Zhang L, Kapinos M, Labaree D, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, Marquez-Nostra B, Carson R, Huang Y, Cai Z. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of PD-L1 PET tracer [18F]FDHPA in mice. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Tong J, Chen B, Gu J, Alluri SR, Zheng MQ, Zheng C, Felchner Z, Gao H, Zhang L, Kapinos M, Labaree D, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, Carson R, Huang Y, Cai Z. The synthesis and bioevaluation of a novel and brain penetrable PARP1 tracer [18F]Pamiparib in rodents and nonhuman primates. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zheng MQ, Alluri SR, Zhang Y, Holden D, Li S, Felchner Z, Zhang L, Ropchan J, Carson R, Jia H, Huang Y. Characterization of a PET radioligand suitable for imaging and quantification of sigma-2 receptor in the primate brain. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Zheng C, Holden D, Zheng MQ, Pracitto R, Wilcox KC, Lindemann M, Felchner Z, Zhang L, Tong J, Fowles K, Finnema SJ, Nabulsi N, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cai Z. A metabolically stable PET tracer for imaging synaptic vesicle protein 2A: synthesis and preclinical characterization of [ 18F]SDM-16. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:1482-1496. [PMID: 34761284 PMCID: PMC8940841 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) changes in the whole central nervous system (CNS) under pathophysiological conditions, a high affinity SV2A PET radiotracer with improved in vivo stability is desirable to minimize the potential confounding effect of radiometabolites. The aim of this study was to develop such a PET tracer based on the molecular scaffold of UCB-A, and evaluate its pharmacokinetics, in vivo stability, specific binding, and nonspecific binding signals in nonhuman primate brains, in comparison with [11C]UCB-A, [11C]UCB-J, and [18F]SynVesT-1. METHODS The racemic SDM-16 (4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one) and its two enantiomers were synthesized and assayed for in vitro binding affinities to human SV2A. We synthesized the enantiopure [18F]SDM-16 using the corresponding enantiopure arylstannane precursor. Nonhuman primate brain PET scans were performed on FOCUS 220 scanners. Arterial blood was drawn for the measurement of plasma free fraction (fP), radiometabolite analysis, and construction of the plasma input function. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were fitted with the one-tissue compartment (1TC) model to obtain the volume of distribution (VT). Nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated using either the nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND) or the centrum semiovale (CS) as the reference region. RESULTS SDM-16 was synthesized in 3 steps with 44% overall yield and has the highest affinity (Ki = 0.9 nM) to human SV2A among all reported SV2A ligands. [18F]SDM-16 was prepared in about 20% decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 90 min, with greater than 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity. This radiotracer displayed high specific binding in monkey brains and was metabolically more stable than the other SV2A PET tracers. The fP of [18F]SDM-16 was 69%, which was higher than those of [11C]UCB-J (46%), [18F]SynVesT-1 (43%), [18F]SynVesT-2 (41%), and [18F]UCB-H (43%). The TACs were well described with the 1TC. The averaged test-retest variability (TRV) was 7 ± 3%, and averaged absolute TRV (aTRV) was 14 ± 7% for the analyzed brain regions. CONCLUSION We have successfully synthesized a novel SV2A PET tracer [18F]SDM-16, which has the highest SV2A binding affinity and metabolical stability among published SV2A PET tracers. The [18F]SDM-16 brain PET images showed superb contrast between gray matter and white matter. Moreover, [18F]SDM-16 showed high specific and reversible binding in the NHP brains, allowing for the reliable and sensitive quantification of SV2A, and has potential applications in the visualization and quantification of SV2A beyond the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard Pracitto
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Kyle C Wilcox
- Translational Imaging, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Marcel Lindemann
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zachary Felchner
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Translational Imaging, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen L, Zheng MQ, Zhang J, Brust P, Deuther-Conrad W, Huang Y, Jia H. Synthesis and characterization of the two enantiomers of a chiral sigma-1 receptor radioligand: (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-[18F]FBFP. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Wu J, Boutagy NE, Cai Z, Lin SF, Zheng MQ, Feher A, Stendahl JC, Kapinos M, Gallezot JD, Liu H, Mulnix T, Zhang W, Lindemann M, Teng JK, Miller EJ, Huang Y, Carson RE, Sinusas AJ, Liu C. Feasibility study of PET dynamic imaging of [ 18F]DHMT for quantification of reactive oxygen species in the myocardium of large animals. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:216-225. [PMID: 32415628 PMCID: PMC7666654 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop a dynamic imaging technique for a novel PET superoxide tracer, [18F]DHMT, to allow for absolute quantification of myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a large animal model. METHODS Six beagle dogs underwent a single baseline dynamic [18F]DHMT PET study, whereas one animal underwent three serial dynamic studies over the course of chronic doxorubicin administration (1 mg·kg-1·week-1 for 15 weeks). During the scans, sequential arterial blood samples were obtained for plasma metabolite correction. The optimal compartment model and graphical analysis method were identified for kinetic modeling. Values for the left ventricular (LV) net influx rate, Ki, were reported for all the studies and compared with the LV standard uptake values (SUVs) and the LV-to-blood pool SUV ratios from the 60 to 90 minute static images. Parametric images were also generated. RESULTS [18F]DHMT followed irreversible kinetics once oxidized within the myocardium in the presence of superoxide, as evidenced by the fitting generated by the irreversible two-tissue (2Ti) compartment model and the linearity of Patlak analysis. Myocardial Ki values showed a weak correlation with LV SUV (R2 = 0.27), but a strong correlation with LV-to-blood pool SUV ratio (R2 = 0.92). Generation of high-quality parametric images showed superior myocardial to blood contrast compared to static images. CONCLUSIONS A dynamic PET imaging technique for [18F]DHMT was developed with full and simplified kinetic modeling for absolute quantification of myocardial superoxide production in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Nabil E Boutagy
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Attila Feher
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John C Stendahl
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Tim Mulnix
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Marcel Lindemann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jo-Ku Teng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Edward J Miller
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA.
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15
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Weiss JJ, Calvi R, Naganawa M, Toyonaga T, Farhadian SF, Chintanaphol M, Chiarella J, Zheng MQ, Ropchan J, Huang Y, Pietrzak RH, Carson RE, Spudich S. Preliminary In Vivo Evidence of Reduced Synaptic Density in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Despite Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1404-1411. [PMID: 34050746 PMCID: PMC8528400 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic injury is a pathological hallmark of neurological impairment in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH), a common complication despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measurement of synaptic density in living humans may allow better understanding of HIV neuropathogenesis and provide a dynamic biomarker for therapeutic studies. We applied novel synaptic vesical protein 2A (SV2A) positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging to investigate synaptic density in the frontostriatalthalamic region in PLWH and HIV-uninfected participants. METHODS In this cross-sectional pilot study,13 older male PLWH on ART underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET scanning with the SV2A ligand [11C]UCB-J with partial volume correction and had neurocognitive assessments. SV2A binding potential (BPND) in the frontostriatalthalamic circuit was compared to 13 age-matched HIV-uninfected participants and assessed with respect to neurocognitive performance in PLWH. RESULTS PLWH had 14% lower frontostriatalthalamic SV2A synaptic density compared to HIV-uninfected (PLWH: mean [SD], 3.93 [0.80]; HIV-uninfected: 4.59 [0.43]; P = .02, effect size 1.02). Differences were observed in widespread additional regions in exploratory analyses. Higher frontostriatalthalamic SV2A BPND associated with better grooved pegboard performance, a measure of motor coordination, in PLWH (r = 0.61, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS In a pilot study, SV2A PET imaging reveals reduced synaptic density in older male PLWH on ART compared to HIV-uninfected in the frontostriatalthalamic circuit and other cortical areas. Larger studies controlling for factors in addition to age are needed to determine whether differences are attributable to HIV or comorbidities in PLWH. SV2A imaging is a promising biomarker for studies of neuropathogenesis and therapeutic interventions in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian J Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachela Calvi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shelli F Farhadian
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Chiarella
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- US Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Sadasivam P, Fang XT, Toyonaga T, Lee S, Xu Y, Zheng MQ, Spurrier J, Huang Y, Strittmatter SM, Carson RE, Cai Z. Quantification of SV2A Binding in Rodent Brain Using [ 18F]SynVesT-1 and PET Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:372-381. [PMID: 33258040 PMCID: PMC8105262 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Synapse loss is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and correlates with cognitive decline. The validation of a noninvasive in vivo imaging approach to quantify synapse would greatly facilitate our understanding of AD pathogenesis and assist drug developments for AD. As animal models of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders play a critical role in the drug discovery and development process, a robust, objective, and translational method for quantifying therapeutic drug efficacy in animal models will facilitate the drug development process. In this study, we tested the quantification reliability of the SV2A PET tracer, [18F]SynVesT-1, in a mouse model of AD (APP/PS1) and wild-type controls, and developed a simplified quantification method to facilitate large cohort preclinical imaging studies. PROCEDURES We generated nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) and distribution volume ratio (DVR) values using the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) on the 90-min dynamic PET imaging data, with brain stem and cerebellum as the reference region, respectively. Then, we correlated the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)-1 and SUVR averaged from different imaging windows with BPND and DVR, using brain stem and cerebellum as the reference region, respectively. We performed homologous competitive binding assay and autoradiographic saturation binding assay using [18F]SynVesT-1 to calculate the Bmax and Kd. RESULTS Using brain stem as the reference region, the averaged SUVR-1 from 30 to 60 min postinjection correlated well with the BPND calculated using SRTM. Using cerebellum as the reference region, the averaged SUVR from 30 to 60 min postinjection correlated well with the SRTM DVR. From the homologous competitive binding assay and autoradiographic saturation binding assay, the calculated the Bmax and Kd were 4.5-18 pmol/mg protein and 9.8-19.6 nM, respectively, for rodent brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS This simplified SUVR method provides reasonable SV2A measures in APP/PS1 mice and their littermate controls. Our data indicate that, in lieu of a full 90-min dynamic scan, a 30-min static PET scan (from 30 to 60 min postinjection) would be sufficient to provide quantification data on SV2A expression, equivalent to the data generated from kinetic modeling. The methods developed here are readily applicable to the evaluation of therapeutic effects of novel drugs in this rodent model using [18F]SynVesT-1 and small animal PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragalath Sadasivam
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xiaotian T. Fang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Supum Lee
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yuping Xu
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Joshua Spurrier
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Departments of Cell Biology, Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Stephen M. Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Departments of Cell Biology, Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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17
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Naganawa M, Li S, Nabulsi N, Henry S, Zheng MQ, Pracitto R, Cai Z, Gao H, Kapinos M, Labaree D, Matuskey D, Huang Y, Carson RE. First-in-Human Evaluation of 18F-SynVesT-1, a Radioligand for PET Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:561-567. [PMID: 32859701 PMCID: PMC8049363 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A radiotracers with PET imaging could provide a way to measure synaptic density quantitatively in living humans. 11C-UCB-J ((R)-1-((3-(11C-methyl-11C)pyridin-4-yl)methyl)-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one), previously developed and assessed in nonhuman primates and humans, showed excellent kinetic properties as a PET radioligand. However, it is labeled with the short half-life isotope 11C. We developed a new tracer, an 18F-labeled difluoro-analog of UCB-J (18F-SynVesT-1, also known as 18F-SDM-8), which displayed favorable properties in monkeys. The purpose of this first-in-human study was to assess the kinetic and binding properties of 18F-SynVesT-1 and compare with 11C-UCB-J. Methods: Eight healthy volunteers participated in a baseline study of 18F-SynVesT-1. Four of these subjects were also scanned after a blocking dose of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (20 mg/kg). Metabolite-corrected arterial input functions were measured. Regional time-activity curves were analyzed using 1-tissue-compartment (1TC) and 2-tissue-compartment (2TC) models and multilinear analysis 1 to compute total distribution volume (VT) and binding potential (BPND). The centrum semiovale was used as a reference region. The Lassen plot was applied to compute levetiracetam occupancy and nondisplaceable distribution volume. SUV ratio-1 (SUVR-1) over several time windows was compared with BPNDResults: Regional time-activity curves were fitted better with the 2TC model than the 1TC model, but 2TC VT estimates were unstable. The 1TC VT values matched well with those from the 2TC model (excluding the unstable values). Thus, 1TC was judged as the most useful model for quantitative analysis of 18F-SynVesT-1 imaging data. The minimum scan time for stable VT measurement was 60 min. The rank order of VT and BPND was similar between 18F-SynVesT-1 and 11C-UCB-J. Regional VT was slightly higher for 11C-UCB-J, but BPND was higher for 18F-SynVesT-1, though these differences were not significant. Levetiracetam reduced the uptake of 18F-SynVesT-1 in all regions and produced occupancy of 85.7%. The SUVR-1 of 18F-SynVesT-1 from 60 to 90 min matched best with 1TC BPNDConclusion: The novel synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A tracer, 18F-SynVesT-1, displays excellent kinetic and in vivo binding properties in humans and holds great potential for the imaging and quantification of synaptic density in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Smart K, Gallezot JD, Nabulsi N, Labaree D, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Carson RE, Hillmer AT, Worhunsky PD. Separating dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptor sources of [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO binding potential: Independent component analysis of competitive binding. Neuroimage 2020; 214:116762. [PMID: 32201327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of medications selective for dopamine D2 or D3 receptors is an active area of research in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction and Parkinson's disease. The positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer [11C]-(+)-PHNO, an agonist that binds with high affinity to both D2 and D3 receptors, has been used to estimate relative receptor subtype occupancy by drugs based on a priori knowledge of regional variation in the expression of D2 and D3 receptors. The objective of this work was to use a data-driven independent component analysis (ICA) of receptor blocking scans to separate D2-and D3-related signal in [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding data in order to improve the precision of subtype specific measurements of binding and occupancy. Eight healthy volunteers underwent [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans at baseline and at two time points following administration of the D3-preferring antagonist ABT-728 (150-1000 mg). Parametric binding potential (BPND) images were analyzed as four-dimensional image series using ICA to extract two independent sources of variation in [11C]-(+)-PHNO BPND. Spatial source maps for each component were consistent with respective regional patterns of D2-and D3-related binding. ICA-derived occupancy estimates from each component were similar to D2-and D3-specific occupancy estimated from a region-based approach (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.95). ICA-derived estimates of D3 receptor occupancy improved quality of fit to a single site binding model. Furthermore, ICA-derived estimates of the regional fraction of [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding related to D3 receptors was generated for each subject and values showed good agreement with region-based model estimates and prior literature values. In summary, ICA successfully separated D2-and D3-related components of the [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding signal, establishing this approach as a powerful data-driven method to quantify distinct biological features from PET data composed of mixed data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Labaree
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Yuan XL, Wang LF, Ma RJ, Jiang L, Zheng MQ, Sun K, Zhu ZM. [The development of NK/T-cell lymphoma secondary to Hodgkin's lymphoma with positive Epstein-Barr virus: a case report]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2020; 40:1053-1054. [PMID: 32023743 PMCID: PMC7342682 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X L Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Henan Province People' Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L F Wang
- Department of Hematology, Henan Province People' Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - R J Ma
- Department of Hematology, Henan Province People' Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Henan Province People' Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Henan Province People' Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - K Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Province People' Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Z M Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Henan Province People' Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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20
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de Laat B, Goldberg A, Shi J, Tetrault JM, Nabulsi N, Zheng MQ, Najafzadeh S, Gao H, Kapinos M, Ropchan J, O'Malley SS, Huang Y, Morris ED, Krishnan-Sarin S. The Kappa Opioid Receptor Is Associated With Naltrexone-Induced Reduction of Drinking and Craving. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:864-871. [PMID: 31399255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naltrexone is a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist used as a treatment for alcohol use disorder. However, only modest clinical effects have been observed, possibly because of limited knowledge about the biological variables affecting the efficacy of naltrexone. We investigated the potential role of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) in the therapeutic effect of naltrexone. METHODS A total of 48 non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (16 women) who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence participated in two alcohol drinking paradigms (ADPs) separated by a week of open-label naltrexone (100 mg daily). Craving, assessed with the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire and the Yale Craving Scale, and drinking behavior were recorded in each ADP. Prior to naltrexone initiation, KOR availability was determined in the amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, striatum, cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex using positron emission tomography with [11C]LY2795050. RESULTS Participants reported lower levels of craving (Yale Craving Scale: -11 ± 1, p < .0001; Alcohol Urge Questionnaire: -6 ± 0.6, p < .0001) and consumed fewer drinks (-3.7 ± 4, p < .0001) during the second ADP following naltrexone therapy. The observed reduction in drinking was negatively associated with baseline KOR availability in the striatum (p = .005), pallidum (p = .023), and cingulate cortex (p = .018). Voxelwise analysis identified clusters in the bilateral insula, prefrontal, and cingulate cortex associated with the reduction in drinking (p < .0001). In addition, KOR availability in all evaluated brain regions was associated with craving measured in both ADPs. CONCLUSIONS The KOR is implicated in drinking and craving following naltrexone therapy in alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart de Laat
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Alissa Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julia Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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21
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Martinez D, Slifstein M, Matuskey D, Nabulsi N, Zheng MQ, Lin SF, Ropchan J, Urban N, Grassetti A, Chang D, Salling M, Foltin R, Carson RE, Huang Y. Kappa-opioid receptors, dynorphin, and cocaine addiction: a positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1720-1727. [PMID: 31026862 PMCID: PMC6785004 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies indicate that the kappa-opioid receptor/dynorphin system plays an important role in cocaine binges and stress-induced relapse. Our goal was to investigate changes in kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) availability in the human brain using positron emission tomography (PET), before and after a cocaine binge. We also investigated the correlation between KOR and stress-induced cocaine self-administration. PET imaging was performed with the KOR selective agonist [11C]GR103545. Subjects with cocaine-use disorder (CUD) underwent PET scans and performed two types of cocaine self-administration sessions in the laboratory as follows: (1) choice sessions following a cold pressor test, to induce stress, and (2) binge dosing of cocaine. This allowed us investigate the following: (1) the association between KOR binding and a laboratory model of stress-induced relapse and (2) the change in KOR binding following a 3-day cocaine binge, which is thought to represent a change in endogenous dynorphin. A group of matched healthy controls was included to investigate between group differences in KOR availability. A significant association between [11C]GR103545 binding and cocaine self-administration was seen: greater KOR availability was associated with more choices for cocaine. In addition, the 3-day cocaine binge significantly reduced [11C]GR103545 binding by 18% in the striatum and 14% across brain regions. No difference in [11C]GR103545 binding was found between the CUD subjects and matched controls. In the context of previous studies, these findings add to the growing evidence that pharmacotherapies targeting the KOR have the potential to significantly impact treatment development for cocaine-use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nina Urban
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Grassetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dinnisa Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Salling
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Foltin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Cui HX, Shen QC, Zheng MQ, Su YC, Cai RC, Yu Y, Yang XR, Chen ZW, Wen J, Zhao GP. A selection method of chickens with blue-eggshell and dwarf traits by molecular marker-assisted selection. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3114-3118. [PMID: 31115461 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The blue-eggshell and dwarf traits have an important economic value in poultry production. Using a genetic aggregation-based strategy, the molecular marker-assisted selection technology was jointly used to provide a rapid breeding method for pure strain chickens simultaneously with hens exhibiting the blue-eggshell and dwarf traits. Overall, 80 male dwarf chickens and 1,000 hybrid blue-eggshell hens (F0) were used for the hybridization experiment. Subsequently, the crossing of F1 or F2 chicks was performed in succession. The F1 and F2 chicks were respectively detected by the joint molecular markers of the solute carrier organic anion transporter family, namely, 1B3 (SLCO1B3) and the growth hormone receptor (GHR) genes, which relate to blue-eggshell and dwarf traits. Meanwhile, the selection of blue-eggshell and dwarf phenotypes was used to validate the data obtained by the molecular markers. The results showed that F1 chicks included the heterozygous and wild-type of SLCO1B3, as well as the homozygous (hens) and heterozygous (roosters) of GHR. However, F2 chicks included 3 different genotypes of both SLCO1B3 and GHR. Ultimately, 196 F1 roosters (concurrently with heterozygous genotype of SLCO1B3 and GHR) and 1,073 F1 hens (concurrently with heterozygous genotype of SLCO1B3 and homozygous genotype of GHR) were obtained from the initial 10,040 F1 chicks. Further, 27 F2 roosters and 345 F2 hens, which simultaneously carried the homozygous genotype of SLCO1B3 and GHR, were screened from the initial 6,000 F2 chicks. Data obtained on the blue-eggshell and dwarf phenotypes were consistent with the results by molecular markers. Similarly, the purity verification of the strain obtained through 2 crossing experiments (F0♂ × F2♀ and F2♂ × F2♀) revealed that all chickens had the blue-eggshell and dwarf traits, supporting that the obtained F2 strain was pure. In summary, for the first time, we successfully bred a pure strain chicken with blue-eggshell and dwarf traits by jointly using the molecular markers of the SLCO1B3 and GHR genes. Our study provides a new method for the rapid cultivation of new chicken strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Q C Shen
- Guangxi Chinese chicken genetic resources, Guangxi Jinling Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Nanning 530049, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y C Su
- Guangxi Chinese chicken genetic resources, Guangxi Jinling Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Nanning 530049, China
| | - R C Cai
- Guangxi Chinese chicken genetic resources, Guangxi Jinling Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Nanning 530049, China
| | - Y Yu
- Guangxi Chinese chicken genetic resources, Guangxi Jinling Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Nanning 530049, China
| | - X R Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Z W Chen
- Guangxi Chinese chicken genetic resources, Guangxi Jinling Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Nanning 530049, China
| | - J Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - G P Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
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23
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Li S, Zheng MQ, Naganawa M, Gao H, Pracitto R, Shirali A, Lin SF, Teng JK, Ropchan J, Huang Y. Novel Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist as Improved PET Radiotracer: Development and in Vivo Evaluation. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1523-1531. [PMID: 30726092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is involved in depression, alcoholism, and drug abuse. The current agonist radiotracer 11C-GR103545 is not ideal for imaging KOR due to its slow tissue kinetics in human. The aim of our project was to develop novel KOR agonist radiotracers with improved imaging properties. A novel compound FEKAP ((( R))-4-(2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl)-3-((ethyl(2-fluoroethyl)amino)methyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate) was designed, synthesized, and assayed for in vitro binding affinities. It was then radiolabeled and evaluated in rhesus monkeys. Baseline and blocking scans were conducted on a Focus-220 scanner to assess binding specificity and selectivity. Metabolite-corrected arterial activities over time were measured and used as input functions to analyze the brain regional time-activity curves and derive kinetic and binding parameters with kinetic modeling. FEKAP displayed high KOR binding affinity ( Ki = 0.43 nM) and selectivity (17-fold over mu opioid receptor and 323-fold over delta opioid receptor) in vitro. 11C-FEKAP was prepared in high molar activity (mean of 718 GBq/μmol, n = 19) and >99% radiochemical purity. In monkeys, 11C-FEKAP metabolized fairly fast, with ∼31% of intact parent fraction at 30 min post-injection. In the brain, it exhibited fast and reversible kinetics with good uptake. Pretreatment with the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg) decreased uptake in high binding regions to the level in the cerebellum, and the selective KOR antagonist LY2456302 (0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg) reduced 11C-FEKAP specific binding in a dose-dependent manner. As a measure of specific binding signals, the mean binding potential ( BPND) values of 11C-FEKAP derived from the multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) method were greater than 0.5 for all regions, except for the thalamus. The novel KOR agonist tracer 11C-FEKAP demonstrated binding specificity and selectivity in vivo and exhibited attractive properties of fast tissue kinetics and high specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songye Li
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Mika Naganawa
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Hong Gao
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Richard Pracitto
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Anupama Shirali
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Jo-Ku Teng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
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Nabulsi NB, Holden D, Zheng MQ, Bois F, Lin SF, Najafzadeh S, Gao H, Ropchan J, Lara-Jaime T, Labaree D, Shirali A, Slieker L, Jesudason C, Barth V, Navarro A, Kant N, Carson RE, Huang Y. Evaluation of 11C-LSN3172176 as a Novel PET Tracer for Imaging M 1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Nonhuman Primates. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1147-1153. [PMID: 30733324 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.222034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) plays an important role in learning and memory, and therefore is a target for development of drugs for treatment of cognitive impairments in Alzheimer disease and schizophrenia. The availability of M1-selective radiotracers for PET will help in developing therapeutic agents by providing an imaging tool for assessment of drug dose-receptor occupancy relationship. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of 11C-LSN3172176 (ethyl 4-(6-(methyl-11 C)-2-oxoindolin-1-yl)-[1,4'-bipiperidine]-1'-carboxylate) in nonhuman primates. Methods: 11C-LSN3172176 was radiolabeled via the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling method. PET scans in rhesus macaques were acquired for 2 h with arterial blood sampling and metabolite analysis to measure the input function. Blocking scans with scopolamine (50 μg/kg) and the M1-selective agent AZD6088 (0.67 and 2 mg/kg) were obtained to assess tracer binding specificity and selectivity. Regional brain time-activity curves were analyzed with the 1-tissue-compartment model and the multilinear analysis method (MA1) to calculate regional distribution volume. Nondisplaceable binding potential values were calculated using the cerebellum as a reference region. Results: 11C-LSN3172176 was synthesized with greater than 99% radiochemical purity and high molar activity. In rhesus monkeys, 11C-LSN3172176 metabolized rapidly (29% ± 6% parent remaining at 15 min) and displayed fast kinetics and extremely high uptake in the brain. Imaging data were modeled well with the 1-tissue-compartment model and MA1 methods. MA1-derived distribution volume values were high (range, 10-81 mL/cm3) in all known M1 mAChR-rich brain regions. Pretreatment with scopolamine and AZD6088 significantly reduced the brain uptake of 11C-LSN3172176, thus demonstrating its binding specificity and selectivity in vivo. The cerebellum appeared to be a suitable reference region for derivation of nondisplaceable binding potential, which ranged from 2.42 in the globus pallidus to 8.48 in the nucleus accumbens. Conclusion: 11C-LSN3172176 exhibits excellent in vivo binding and imaging characteristics in nonhuman primates and appears to be the first appropriate radiotracer for PET imaging of human M1 AChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel B Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Frederic Bois
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Hong Gao
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Teresa Lara-Jaime
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - David Labaree
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Anupama Shirali
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Kant
- Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
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25
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Li S, Zheng MQ, Naganawa M, Kim S, Gao H, Kapinos M, Labaree D, Huang Y. Development and In Vivo Evaluation of a κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist as a PET Radiotracer with Superior Imaging Characteristics. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1023-1030. [PMID: 30630942 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown κ-opioid receptor (KOR) abnormalities in addictive disorders, other central nervous system diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. We have developed the first set of agonist 11C-GR103545 and antagonist 11C-LY2795050 radiotracers for PET imaging of KOR in humans. Nonetheless, 11C-GR103545 displays protracted uptake kinetics and is not an optimal radiotracer. Here, we report the development and evaluation of 11C-methyl-(R)-4-(2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl)-3-((diethylamino)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (11C-EKAP) and its comparison with 11C-GR103545. Methods: EKAP was synthesized and assayed for in vitro binding affinities and then radiolabeled. PET studies were performed on rhesus monkeys. Blocking studies were performed with naloxone and the selective KOR antagonists LY2795050 and LY2456302. Arterial input functions were generated for use in kinetic modeling. Brain TACs were analyzed with multilinear analysis 1 to derive binding parameters. Results: EKAP has high KOR affinity (inhibition constant, 0.28 nM) and good selectivity in vitro. 11C-EKAP was prepared in good radiochemical purity. 11C-EKAP rapidly metabolized in plasma and displayed fast and reversible kinetics in brain, with peak uptake at less than 20 min after injection. Preblocking with naloxone (1 mg/kg) or LY2795050 (0.2 mg/kg) produced 84%-89% receptor occupancy, whereas LY2456302 (0.05 and 0.3 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced 11C-EKAP-specific binding, thus demonstrating its binding specificity and selectivity in vivo. Mean multilinear analysis 1-derived nondisplaceable binding potential values were 1.74, 1.79, 1.46, 0.80, and 0.77 for cingulate cortex, globus pallidus, insula, striatum, and frontal cortex, respectively, consistent with the known KOR distribution in primate brains. Conclusion: We have successfully developed 11C-EKAP as a KOR agonist tracer with dual attractive imaging properties of fast uptake kinetics and high specific binding in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songye Li
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mika Naganawa
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sujin Kim
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hong Gao
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Kapinos
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Labaree
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Cui HX, Guo LP, Zhao GP, Liu RR, Li QH, Zheng MQ, Wen J. Method using a co-culture system with high-purity intramuscular preadipocytes and satellite cells from chicken pectoralis major muscle. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3691-3697. [PMID: 30007362 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat is important in improving meat quality; however, the lack of high-purity intramuscular preadipocyte (IMP) in vitro has severely limited the in-depth research on the mutual regulation of myocytes and adipocytes in chicken. In this study, we establish a new method by combining the mature adipocyte ceiling method and the transwell co-culture system. Mature intramuscular adipocyte (MIA) and muscle satellite cell (MSC) were obtained from digested pectoralis major, and MIAs were transformed into IMPs by dedifferentiation with ceiling culture. MSCs were then purified by differential adhesion for 2 h. The results by inverted-microscope observation, MTT assay, Oil Red O staining, and q-PCR revealed that the de-differentiated cells from MIA were identified as the IMPs, and had the same the cellular morphology, the capacity on differentiation, proliferation and passage with the abdominal fat preadipocytes (P > 0.05). The applicability of the obtained IMPs in co-cultured experiment with the MSC revealed that it could meet the requirements of the experimental study. Finally, a co-culture system of IMPs and MSCs was established using a transwell chamber. The co-cultured results indicated that MSCs in the proliferative stage tend to accelerate the differentiation of IMPs to induce more fat content in co-cultured IMPs than in single-culture IMPs (P < 0.05), in the non-proliferative stage, the results tend to show the opposite (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of related genes significantly changed in accordance with the fat content in cells. The results strongly supported the view that the established co-culture system was effective and feasible. In summary, we successfully found a new method to explore the interaction between myocytes and adipocytes of chicken. Our findings can deepen research on the regulation of chicken myocytes and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L P Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - G P Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China
| | - R R Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Q H Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China
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27
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Cui HX, Wang SL, Guo LP, Liu L, Liu RR, Li QH, Zheng MQ, Zhao GP, Wen J. Expression and effect of Calpain9 gene genetic polymorphism on slaughter indicators and intramuscular fat content in chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3414-3420. [PMID: 29945255 PMCID: PMC6142865 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain 9 (CAPN9) is expressed in the stomach and small intestine. CAPN9 has regulatory roles in hypertension, heart disease, gastric mucosal defense, and kidney disease. The involvement of CAPN9 has not been reported in the development of chickens. CAPN9 mRNA was found in adipose and muscle tissue in this study. Two linkage single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; G7518A and C7542G) in intron 4 were screened from 160 birds of the D2 chicken line. The 2 mutation sites were associated with carcass weight, evisceration weight, abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage (AFP), and breast muscle percentage (all P < 0.05). Intramuscular fat (IMF) content was not significantly different in the 3 genotypes. But, the AA(7518)/GG(7542) genotype had the highest IMF content, highest breast muscle weight, and lower AFW and AFP. Moreover, the mRNA level of CAPN9 in abdominal fat tissue was significantly different (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) between any 2 genotypes, consistent with AFW and AFP. In summary, the expression of CAPN9 in adipose and breast muscle tissue is reported for the first time. CAPN9 affected production performance of chickens. As a marker, the linkage G7518A and C7542G polymorphisms in intron 4 of CAPN9 could affect the production traits by regulating mRNA expression. The findings concerning the marker enrich the theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of high-quality broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - S L Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - L P Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - R R Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Q H Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - G P Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Kelada OJ, Decker RH, Nath SK, Johung KL, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Gallezot JD, Liu C, Carson RE, Oelfke U, Carlson DJ. High Single Doses of Radiation May Induce Elevated Levels of Hypoxia in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:174-183. [PMID: 30102194 PMCID: PMC6092043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor hypoxia correlates with treatment failure in patients undergoing conventional radiation therapy. However, no published studies have investigated tumor hypoxia in patients undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We aimed to noninvasively quantify the tumor hypoxic volume (HV) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors to elucidate the potential role of tumor vascular response and reoxygenation at high single doses. METHODS AND MATERIALS Six SBRT-eligible patients with NSCLC tumors >1 cm were prospectively enrolled in an institutional review board-approved study. Dynamic positron emission tomography images were acquired at 0 to 120 minutes, 150 to 180 minutes, and 210 to 240 minutes after injection of 18F-fluoromisonidazole. Serial imaging was performed prior to delivery of 18 Gy and at approximately 48 hours and approximately 96 hours after SBRT. Tumor HVs were quantified using the tumor-to-blood ratio (>1.2) and rate of tracer influx (>0.0015 mL·min·cm-3). RESULTS An elevated and in some cases persistent level of tumor hypoxia was observed in 3 of 6 patients. Two patients exhibited no detectable baseline tumor hypoxia, and 1 patient with high baseline hypoxia only completed 1 imaging session. On the basis of the tumor-to-blood ratio, in the remaining 3 patients, tumor HVs increased on day 2 after 18 Gy and then showed variable responses on day 4. In the 3 of 6 patients with detectable hypoxia at baseline, baseline tumor HVs ranged between 17% and 24% (mean, 21%), and HVs on days 2 and 4 ranged between 33% and 45% (mean, 40%) and between 18% and 42% (mean, 28%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS High single doses of radiation delivered as part of SBRT may induce an elevated and in some cases persistent state of tumor hypoxia in NSCLC tumors. Hypoxia imaging with 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography should be used in a larger cohort of NSCLC patients to determine whether elevated tumor hypoxia is predictive of treatment failure in SBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Kelada
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roy H Decker
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sameer K Nath
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly L Johung
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David J Carlson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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29
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Kelada OJ, Rockwell S, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Liu Y, Booth CJ, Decker RH, Oelfke U, Carson RE, Carlson DJ. Quantification of Tumor Hypoxic Fractions Using Positron Emission Tomography with [ 18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([ 18F]FMISO) Kinetic Analysis and Invasive Oxygen Measurements. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:893-902. [PMID: 28409339 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to use dynamic [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) to compare estimates of tumor hypoxic fractions (HFs) derived by tracer kinetic modeling, tissue-to-blood ratios (TBR), and independent oxygen (pO2) measurements. PROCEDURES BALB/c mice with EMT6 subcutaneous tumors were selected for PET imaging and invasive pO2 measurements. Data from 120-min dynamic [18F]FMISO scans were fit to two-compartment irreversible three rate constant (K 1, k 2, k 3) and Patlak models (K i). Tumor HFs were calculated and compared using K i, k 3, TBR, and pO2 values. The clinical impact of each method was evaluated on [18F]FMISO scans for three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiotherapy patients. RESULTS HFs defined by TBR (≥1.2, ≥1.3, and ≥1.4) ranged from 2 to 85 % of absolute tumor volume. HFs defined by K i (>0.004 ml min cm-3) and k 3 (>0.008 min-1) varied from 9 to 85 %. HF quantification was highly dependent on metric (TBR, k 3, or K i) and threshold. HFs quantified on human [18F]FMISO scans varied from 38 to 67, 0 to 14, and 0.1 to 27 %, for each patient, respectively, using TBR, k 3, and K i metrics. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FMISO PET imaging metric choice and threshold impacts hypoxia quantification reliability. Our results suggest that tracer kinetic modeling has the potential to improve hypoxia quantification clinically as it may provide a stronger correlation with direct pO2 measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Kelada
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA.,Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Rockwell
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roy H Decker
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David J Carlson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA.
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30
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Li S, Cai Z, Zheng MQ, Holden D, Naganawa M, Lin SF, Ropchan J, Labaree D, Kapinos M, Lara-Jaime T, Navarro A, Huang Y. Novel 18F-Labeled κ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist as PET Radiotracer: Synthesis and In Vivo Evaluation of 18F-LY2459989 in Nonhuman Primates. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:140-146. [PMID: 28747521 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.195586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) has been implicated in depression, addictions, and other central nervous system disorders and, thus, is an important target for drug development. We previously developed several 11C-labeled PET radiotracers for KOR imaging in humans. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of 18F-LY2459989 as the first 18F-labeled KOR antagonist radiotracer in nonhuman primates and its comparison with 11C-LY2459989. Methods: The novel radioligand 18F-LY2459989 was synthesized by 18F displacement of a nitro group or an iodonium ylide. PET scans in rhesus monkeys were obtained on a small-animal scanner to assess the pharmacokinetic and in vivo binding properties of the ligand. Metabolite-corrected arterial activity curves were measured and used as input functions in the analysis of brain time-activity curves and the calculation of binding parameters. Results: With the iodonium ylide precursor, 18F-LY2459989 was prepared at high radiochemical yield (36% ± 7% [mean ± SD]), radiochemical purity (>99%), and mean molar activity (1,175 GBq/μmol; n = 6). In monkeys, 18F-LY2459989 was metabolized at a moderate rate, with a parent fraction of approximately 35% at 30 min after injection. Fast and reversible kinetics were observed, with a regional peak uptake time of less than 20 min. Pretreatment with the selective KOR antagonist LY2456302 (0.1 mg/kg) decreased the activity level in regions with high levels of binding to that in the cerebellum, thus demonstrating the binding specificity and selectivity of 18F-LY2459989 in vivo. Regional time-activity curves were well fitted by the multilinear analysis 1 kinetic model to derive reliable estimates of regional distribution volumes. With the cerebellum as the reference region, regional binding potentials were calculated and ranked as follows: cingulate cortex > insula > caudate/putamen > frontal cortex > temporal cortex > thalamus, consistent with the reported KOR distribution in the monkey brain. Conclusion: The evaluation of 18F-LY2459989 in nonhuman primates demonstrated many attractive imaging properties: fast tissue kinetics, specific and selective binding to the KOR, and high specific binding signals. A side-by-side comparison of 18F-LY2459989 and 11C-LY2459989 indicated similar kinetic and binding profiles for the 2 radiotracers. Taken together, the results indicated that 18F-LY2459989 appears to be an excellent PET radiotracer for the imaging and quantification of the KOR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songye Li
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Mika Naganawa
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - David Labaree
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Michael Kapinos
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Teresa Lara-Jaime
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | | | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Chen LL, Shen Y, Zhang JB, Wang S, Jiang T, Zheng MQ, Zheng ZJ, Chen CX. Association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of pri-miR-34b/c and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8723. [PMID: 27808368 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15048723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. MicroRNA-34 (miR-34) gene plays a key role in altering the apoptotic cycle and pathways of downstream cells, and therefore influences carcinogenesis. In this case-control study, we assessed the role of the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism in HCC risk. The pri-miR-34b/c polymorphic genotype was determined in 286 patients with HCC and 572 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The male gender (X2 = 12.95, P < 0.001), regular alcohol consumption (X2 = 16.81, P < 0.001), and a family history of cancer (X2 = 11.88, P = 0.001) were associated with HCC risk. However, the age (t = 1.19, P = 0.12) and tobacco smoking habit (X2 = 0.64, P = 0.42) of HCC patients were comparable to those of the controls. The TC (adjusted OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.06-2.01) and CC (adjusted OR = 3.07, 95%CI = 1.77-5.34) genotypes of pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 were correlated with a higher risk of HCC compared to the TT genotype. Moreover, the TC+CC genotype was correlated with an increased risk of HCC compared to the TT genotype (adjusted OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.21-2.22). In the recessive model, the CC genotype of pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 was significantly correlated with an elevated risk of HCC compared to the TT+TC genotype (adjusted OR = 2.50, 95%CI = 1.49-4.22). Further large-scale and multi-center studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Y Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J B Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - T Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Z J Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - C X Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Vijay A, Wang S, Worhunsky P, Zheng MQ, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Krishnan-Sarin S, Huang Y, Morris ED. PET imaging reveals sex differences in kappa opioid receptor availability in humans, in vivo. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 6:205-214. [PMID: 27648372 PMCID: PMC5004062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptors may play critical roles in alcoholism and other addictions, addiction withdrawal, and depression and are considered pharmacological targets for treatment of these conditions. Sex differences have been demonstrated in mu (MOR) and delta (DOR) opioid receptors in humans, in vivo. In addition, sex differences have been observed in efficacy of treatment targeting kappa opioid receptors (KOR). Our goal in the present study was to compare the availability of KOR (1) between healthy control (HC) men and women. Twenty-seven subjects-18 males (M) and 9 females (F)-underwent PET scans with [(11)C] LY2795050, a selective kappa antagonist tracer. Partial volume correction was applied to all PET data. Volume of distribution (V T) of the tracer was estimated regionally as well as at the voxel level. V T values of males versus females were compared for 19 defined ROIs. Results at the regional and voxel levels were consistent. Males had significantly higher V T and thus a higher KOR availability than women in multiple brain regions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sex differences in the KOR system in humans, in vivo. These findings could have implications for the treatment of pain with kappa opioid analgesics. The results may also have an impact on the diagnosis and treatment of addictive and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Vijay
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Universit New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale UniversitNew Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick Worhunsky
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Universit New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Universit New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Universit New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Universit New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Universit New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale UniversitNew Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
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33
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Hillmer AT, Esterlis I, Gallezot JD, Bois F, Zheng MQ, Nabulsi N, Lin SF, Papke RL, Huang Y, Sabri O, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP. Imaging of cerebral α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with (-)-[(18)F]Flubatine PET: Implementation of bolus plus constant infusion and sensitivity to acetylcholine in human brain. Neuroimage 2016; 141:71-80. [PMID: 27426839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand (-)-[(18)F]flubatine is specific to α4β2(⁎) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and has promise for future investigation of the acetylcholine system in neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. The two goals of this work were to develop a simplified method for α4β2(⁎) nAChR quantification with bolus plus constant infusion (B/I) (-)-[(18)F]flubatine administration, and to assess the radioligand's sensitivity to acetylcholine fluctuations in humans. Healthy human subjects were imaged following either bolus injection (n=8) or B/I (n=4) administration of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine. The metabolite-corrected input function in arterial blood was measured. Free-fraction corrected distribution volumes (VT/fP) were estimated with modeling and graphical analysis techniques. Next, sensitivity to acetylcholine was assessed in two ways: 1. A bolus injection paradigm with two scans (n=6), baseline (scan 1) and physostigmine challenge (scan 2; 1.5mg over 60min beginning 5min prior to radiotracer injection); 2. A single scan B/I paradigm (n=7) lasting up to 240min with 1.5mg physostigmine administered over 60min beginning at 125min of radiotracer infusion. Changes in VT/fP were measured. Baseline VT/fP values were 33.8±3.3mL/cm(3) in thalamus, 12.9±1.6mL/cm(3) in cerebellum, and ranged from 9.8 to 12.5mL/cm(3) in other gray matter regions. The B/I paradigm with equilibrium analysis at 120min yielded comparable VT/fP values with compartment modeling analysis of bolus data in extrathalamic gray matter regions (regional means <4% different). Changes in VT/fP following physostigmine administration were small and most pronounced in cortical regions, ranging from 0.8 to 4.6% in the two-scan paradigm and 2.8 to 6.5% with the B/I paradigm. These results demonstrate the use of B/I administration for accurate quantification of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine VT/fP in 120min, and suggest possible sensitivity of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine binding to physostigmine-induced changes in acetylcholine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - I Esterlis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J D Gallezot
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - F Bois
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - M Q Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - N Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - S F Lin
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Y Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - O Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - K P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Zheng MQ, Lin SF, Holden D, Naganawa M, Ropchan JR, Najafzaden S, Kapinos M, Tabriz M, Carson RE, Hamill TG, Huang Y. Comparative evaluation of two glycine transporter 1 radiotracers [11C]GSK931145 and [18F]MK-6577 in baboons. Synapse 2015; 70:112-20. [PMID: 26671330 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycine transporter type-1 (GlyT1) has been proposed as a target for drug development for schizophrenia. PET imaging with a GlyT1 specific radiotracer will allow for the measurement of target occupancy of GlyT1 inhibitors, and for in vivo investigation of GlyT1 alterations in schizophrenia. We conducted a comparative evaluation of two GlyT1 radiotracers, [(11) C]GSK931145, and [(18) F]MK-6577, in baboons. Two baboons were imaged with [(11) C]GSK931145 and [(18) F]MK-6577. Blocking studies with GSK931145 (0.3 or 0.2 mg/kg) were conducted to determine the level of tracer specific binding. [(11) C]GSK931145 and [(18) F]MK-6577 were synthesized in good yield and high specific activity. Moderately fast metabolism was observed for both tracers, with ∼ 30% of parent at 30 min post-injection. In the brain, both radiotracers showed good uptake and distribution profiles consistent with regional GlyT1 densities. [(18) F]MK-6577 displayed higher uptake and faster kinetics than [(11) C]GSK931145. Time activity curves were well described by the two-tissue compartment model. Regional volume of distribution (VT ) values were higher for [(18) F]MK-6577 than [(11) C]GSK931145. Pretreatment with GSK931145 reduced tracer uptake to a homogeneous level throughout the brain, indicating in vivo binding specificity and lack of a reference region for both radiotracers. Linear regression analysis of VT estimates between tracers indicated higher specific binding for [(18) F]MK-6577 than [(11) C]GSK931145, consistent with higher regional binding potential (BPND ) values of [(18) F]MK-6577 calculated using VT from the baseline scans and non-displaceable distribution volume (VND ) derived from blocking studies. [(18) F]MK-6577 appears to be a superior radiotracer with higher brain uptake, faster kinetics, and higher specific binding signals than [(11) C]GSK931145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jim R Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Soheila Najafzaden
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mike Tabriz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Terence G Hamill
- Discovery Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
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Liu L, Zhao XW, Song YM, Li QH, Li P, Liu RR, Zheng MQ, Wen J, Zhao GP. Difference in resistance to Salmonella enteritidis infection among allelic variants of TLR4 (903, 1832) in SPF chickens. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:389-96. [PMID: 26631064 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - X W Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Y M Song
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Q H Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - P Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - R R Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J Wen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - G P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Naganawa M, Dickinson GL, Zheng MQ, Henry S, Vandenhende F, Witcher J, Bell R, Nabulsi N, Lin SF, Ropchan J, Neumeister A, Ranganathan M, Tauscher J, Huang Y, Carson RE. Receptor Occupancy of the κ-Opioid Antagonist LY2456302 Measured with Positron Emission Tomography and the Novel Radiotracer 11C-LY2795050. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:260-6. [PMID: 26628406 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) is thought to play an important therapeutic role in a wide range of neuropsychiatric and substance abuse disorders, including alcohol dependence. LY2456302 is a recently developed KOR antagonist with high affinity and selectivity and showed efficacy in the suppression of ethanol consumption in rats. This study investigated brain penetration and KOR target engagement after single oral doses (0.5-25 mg) of LY2456302 in 13 healthy human subjects. Three positron emission tomography scans with the KOR antagonist radiotracer (11)C-LY2795050 were conducted at baseline, 2.5 hours postdose, and 24 hours postdose. LY2456302 was well tolerated in all subjects without serious adverse events. Distribution volume was estimated using the multilinear analysis 1 method for each scan. Receptor occupancy (RO) was derived from a graphical occupancy plot and related to LY2456302 plasma concentration to determine maximum occupancy (rmax) and IC50. LY2456302 dose dependently blocked the binding of (11)C-LY2795050 and nearly saturated the receptors at 10 mg, 2.5 hours postdose. Thus, a dose of 10 mg of LY2456302 appears well suited for further clinical testing. Based on the pharmacokinetic (PK)-RO model, the rmax and IC50 of LY2456302 were estimated as 93% and 0.58 ng/ml to 0.65 ng/ml, respectively. Assuming that rmax is 100%, IC50 was estimated as 0.83 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Naganawa
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Gemma L Dickinson
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Shannan Henry
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Francois Vandenhende
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Jennifer Witcher
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Robert Bell
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Alexander Neumeister
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Johannes Tauscher
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.N., M.Z., S.H., N.N., S.L., J.R., Y.H., R.C.); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (G.D., J.W., R.B., J.T.); ClinBAY, Belgium (F.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (A.N., M.R.)
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Huang HY, Zhao GP, Liu RR, Li QH, Zheng MQ, Li SF, Liang Z, Zhao ZH, Wen J. Brain Natriuretic Peptide Stimulates Lipid Metabolism through Its Receptor NPR1 and the Glycerolipid Metabolism Pathway in Chicken Adipocytes. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6622-30. [PMID: 26463554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is related to lipid metabolism in mammals, but its effect and the molecular mechanisms underlying it in chickens are incompletely understood. We found that the level of natriuretic peptide precursor B (NPPB, which encodes BNP) mRNA expression in high-abdominal-fat chicken groups was significantly higher than that of low-abdominal-fat groups. Partial correlations indicated that changes in the weight of abdominal fat were positively correlated with NPPB mRNA expression level. In vitro, compared with the control group, preadipocytes with NPPB interference showed reduced levels of proliferation, differentiation, and glycerin in media. Treatments of cells with BNP led to enhanced proliferation and differentiation of cells and glycerin concentration, and mRNA expression of its receptor natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (NPR1) was upregulated significantly. In cells exposed to BNP, 482 differentially expressed genes were identified compared with controls without BNP. Four genes known to be related to lipid metabolism (diacylglycerol kinase; lipase, endothelial; 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1; and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2) were enriched in the glycerolipid metabolism pathway and expressed differentially. In conclusion, BNP stimulates the proliferation, differentiation, and lipolysis of preadipocytes through upregulation of the levels of expression of its receptor NPR1 and key genes enriched in the glycerolipid metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Huang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences , Jiangsu 225125, P. R. China
| | - G P Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - R R Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Q H Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - S F Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences , Jiangsu 225125, P. R. China
| | - Z Liang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences , Jiangsu 225125, P. R. China
| | - Z H Zhao
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences , Jiangsu 225125, P. R. China
| | - J Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Teodoro R, Scheunemann M, Deuther-Conrad W, Wenzel B, Fasoli FM, Gotti C, Kranz M, Donat CK, Patt M, Hillmer A, Zheng MQ, Peters D, Steinbach J, Sabri O, Huang Y, Brust P. A Promising PET Tracer for Imaging of α₇ Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Brain: Design, Synthesis, and in Vivo Evaluation of a Dibenzothiophene-Based Radioligand. Molecules 2015; 20:18387-421. [PMID: 26473809 PMCID: PMC6332508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) in the human brain are widely assumed to be associated with neurological and neurooncological processes. Investigation of these receptors invivo depends on the availability of imaging agents such as radioactively labelled ligands applicable in positron emission tomography (PET). We report on a series of new ligands for α7 nAChRs designed by the combination of dibenzothiophene dioxide as a novel hydrogen bond acceptor functionality with diazabicyclononane as an established cationic center. To assess the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this new basic structure, we further modified the cationic center systematically by introduction of three different piperazine-based scaffolds. Based on invitro binding affinity and selectivity, assessed by radioligand displacement studies at different rat and human nAChR subtypes and at the structurally related human 5-HT3 receptor, we selected the compound 7-(1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)-2-fluorodibenzo-[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide (10a) for radiolabeling and further evaluation invivo. Radiosynthesis of [18F]10a was optimized and transferred to an automated module. Dynamic PET imaging studies with [18F]10a in piglets and a monkey demonstrated high uptake of radioactivity in the brain, followed by washout and target-region specific accumulation under baseline conditions. Kinetic analysis of [18F]10a in pig was performed using a two-tissue compartment model with arterial-derived input function. Our initial evaluation revealed that the dibenzothiophene-based PET radioligand [18F]10a ([18F]DBT-10) has high potential to provide clinically relevant information about the expression and availability of α7 nAChR in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Teodoro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Francesca Maria Fasoli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, Biometra-Institute University of Milan, Via Luigi Vanvitelli 32, Milano 20129, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, Biometra-Institute University of Milan, Via Luigi Vanvitelli 32, Milano 20129, Italy.
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Cornelius K Donat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Ansel Hillmer
- PET Center, Yale University, P.O. Box 208048, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8048, USA.
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Yale University, P.O. Box 208048, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8048, USA.
| | - Dan Peters
- Dan PET AB, Rosenstigen 7, Malmö SE-21619, Sweden.
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, P.O. Box 208048, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8048, USA.
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
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Zheng MQ, Collier L, Bois F, Kelada OJ, Hammond K, Ropchan J, Akula MR, Carlson DJ, Kabalka GW, Huang Y. Synthesis of [(18)F]FMISO in a flow-through microfluidic reactor: Development and clinical application. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:578-84. [PMID: 25779036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PET radiotracer [(18)F]FMISO has been used in the clinic to image hypoxia in tumors. The aim of the present study was to optimize the radiochemical parameters for the preparation of [(18)F]FMISO using a microfluidic reaction system. The main parameters evaluated were (1) precursor concentration, (2) reaction temperature, and (3) flow rate through the microfluidic reactor. Optimized conditions were then applied to the batch production of [(18)F]FMISO for clinical research use. METHODS For the determination of optimal reaction conditions within a flow-through microreactor synthesizer, 5-400 μL the precursor and dried [(18)F]fluoride solutions in acetonitrile were simultaneously pushed through the temperature-controlled reactor (60-180 °C) with defined flow rates (20-120 μL/min). Radiochemical incorporation yields to form the intermediate species were determined using radio-TLC. Hydrolysis to remove the protecting group was performed following standard vial chemistry to afford [(18)F]FMISO. RESULTS Optimum reaction parameters for the microfluidic set-up were determined as follows: 4 mg/mL of precursor, 170 °C, and 100 μL/min pump rate per reactant (200 μL/min reaction overall flow rate) to prepare the radiolabeled intermediate. The optimum hydrolysis condition was determined to be 2N HCl for 5 min at 100 °C. Large-scale batch production using the optimized conditions gave the final, ready for human injection [(18)F]FMISO product in 28.4 ± 3.0% radiochemical yield, specific activity of 119 ± 26 GBq/μmol, and >99% radiochemical and chemical purity at the end of synthesis (n = 4). CONCLUSION By using the NanoTek microfluidic synthesis system, [(18)F]FMISO was successfully prepared with good specific activity and high radiochemical purity for human use. The product generated from large-scale batch production using flow chemistry is currently being used in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Lee Collier
- Advion, Ithaca, NY, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
| | - Frederic Bois
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Olivia J Kelada
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Murthy R Akula
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - David J Carlson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - George W Kabalka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Naganawa M, Zheng MQ, Henry S, Nabulsi N, Lin SF, Ropchan J, Labaree D, Najafzadeh S, Kapinos M, Tauscher J, Neumeister A, Carson RE, Huang Y. Test-retest reproducibility of binding parameters in humans with 11C-LY2795050, an antagonist PET radiotracer for the κ opioid receptor. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:243-8. [PMID: 25593119 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.147975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (11)C-LY2795050 is a new antagonist PET radioligand for the κ opioid receptor (KOR). In this study, we assessed the reproducibility of the binding parameters of (11)C-LY2795050 in healthy human subjects. METHODS Sixteen healthy subjects (11 men and 5 women) underwent 2 separate 90-min PET scans with arterial input function and plasma free fraction (fP) measurements. The 2-tissue-compartment model and multilinear analysis-1 were applied to calculate 5 outcome measures in 14 brain regions: distribution volume (VT), VT normalized by fP (VT/fP), and 3 binding potentials (nondisplaceable binding potential, binding potential relative to total plasma concentration, and binding potential relative to free plasma concentration: BPND, BPP, BPF, respectively). Since KOR is distributed ubiquitously throughout the brain, there are no suitable reference regions. We used a fixed fraction of individual cerebellar VT value (VT,CER) as the nondisplaceable VT (VND) (VND = VT,CER/1.17). The relative and absolute test-retest variability and intraclass correlation coefficient were evaluated for the outcome measures of (11)C-LY2795050. RESULTS The test-retest variability of (11)C-LY2795050 for VT was no more than 10% in any region and was 12% in the amygdala. For binding potential (BPND and BPP), the test-retest variability was good in regions of moderate and high KOR density (BPND > 0.4) and poor in regions of low density. Correction by fP (VT/fP or BPF) did not improve the test-retest performance. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that quantification of (11)C-LY2795050 imaging is reproducible and reliable in regions with moderate and high KOR density. Therefore, we conclude that this first antagonist radiotracer is highly useful for PET studies of KOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Naganawa
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shannan Henry
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Labaree
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Kapinos
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Alexander Neumeister
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Sirianni RW, Zheng MQ, Patel TR, Shafbauer T, Zhou J, Saltzman WM, Carson RE, Huang Y. Radiolabeling of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with biotinylated F-18 prosthetic groups and imaging of their delivery to the brain with positron emission tomography. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2157-65. [PMID: 25322194 PMCID: PMC4275164 DOI: 10.1021/bc500315j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
avidin–biotin interaction permits rapid and nearly irreversible
noncovalent linkage between biotinylated molecules and avidin-modified
substrates. We designed a biotinylated radioligand intended for use
in the detection of avidin-modified polymer nanoparticles in tissue
with positron emission tomography (PET). Using an F-18 labeled prosthetic
group, [18F]4-fluorobenzylamine, and a commercially available
biotin derivate, NHS-PEG4-biotin, [18F]-fluorobenzylamide-poly(ethylene
glycol)4-biotin ([18F]NPB4) was prepared with
high purity and specific activity. The attachment of the [18F]NPB4 radioligand to avidin-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles was tested by using PET imaging
to measure the kinetics of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of nanoparticles
of varying size to the rat brain. PET imaging enabled the direct observation
of nanoparticle delivery by measurement of the spatial volume of distribution
of radiolabeled nanoparticles as a function of time, both during and
after the infusion. This work thus validates new methods for radiolabeling
PEG-biotin derivatives and also provides insight into the fate of
nanoparticles that have been infused directly into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael W Sirianni
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
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Pietrzak RH, Naganawa M, Huang Y, Corsi-Travali S, Zheng MQ, Stein MB, Henry S, Lim K, Ropchan J, Lin SF, Carson RE, Neumeister A. Association of in vivo κ-opioid receptor availability and the transdiagnostic dimensional expression of trauma-related psychopathology. JAMA Psychiatry 2014; 71:1262-1271. [PMID: 25229257 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Exposure to trauma increases the risk for developing threat (ie, fear) symptoms, such as reexperiencing and hyperarousal symptoms, and loss (ie, dysphoria) symptoms, such as emotional numbing and depressive symptoms. While preclinical data have implicated the activated dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor (KOR) system in relation to these symptoms, the role of the KOR system in mediating these phenotypes in humans is unknown. Elucidation of molecular targets implicated in threat and loss symptoms is important because it can help inform the development of novel, mechanism-based treatments for trauma-related psychopathology. OBJECTIVE To use the newly developed [11C]LY2795050 radiotracer and high-resolution positron emission tomography to evaluate the relation between in vivo KOR availability in an amygdala-anterior cingulate cortex-ventral striatal neural circuit and the severity of threat and loss symptoms. We additionally evaluated the role of 24-hour urinary cortisol levels in mediating this association. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional positron emission tomography study under resting conditions was conducted at an academic medical center. Thirty-five individuals representing a broad transdiagnostic and dimensional spectrum of trauma-related psychopathology, ranging from nontrauma-exposed psychiatrically healthy adults to trauma-exposed adults with severe trauma-related psychopathology (ie, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and/or generalized anxiety disorder). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES [11C]LY2795050 volume of distribution values in amygdala-anterior cingulate cortex-ventral striatal neural circuit; composite measures of threat (ie, reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms) and loss (ie, emotional numbing, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms) symptoms as assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; and 24-hour urinary cortisol levels. RESULTS [11C]LY2795050 volume of distribution values in an amygdala-anterior cingulate cortex-ventral striatal neural circuit were negatively associated with severity of loss (r = -0.39; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.66), but not threat (r = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.30 to 0.27), symptoms; this association was most pronounced for dysphoria symptoms (r = -0.45; 95% CI, -0.10 to -0.70). Path analysis revealed that lower [11C]LY2795050 volume of distribution values in this circuit was directly associated with greater severity of loss symptoms and indirectly mediated by 24-hour urinary cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study suggest that KOR availability in an amygdala-anterior cingulate cortex-ventral striatal neural circuit mediates the phenotypic expression of trauma-related loss (ie, dysphoria) symptoms. They further suggest that an activated corticotropin-releasing factor/hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis system, as assessed by 24-hour urinary cortisol levels, may indirectly mediate this association. These results may help inform the development of more targeted, mechanism-based transdiagnostic treatments for loss (ie, dysphoric) symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Pietrzak
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stefani Corsi-Travali
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York.,Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Shannan Henry
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Keunpoong Lim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alexander Neumeister
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York.,Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York.,Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center, New York, New York
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Castner SA, Murthy NV, Ridler K, Herdon H, Roberts BM, Weinzimmer DP, Huang Y, Zheng MQ, Rabiner EA, Gunn RN, Carson RE, Williams GV, Laruelle M. Relationship between glycine transporter 1 inhibition as measured with positron emission tomography and changes in cognitive performances in nonhuman primates. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2742-9. [PMID: 24487737 PMCID: PMC4200505 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that schizophrenia is associated with deficits in glutamatergic transmission at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Glycine is a NMDA receptor co-agonist, and extracellular levels of glycine are regulated in the forebrain by the glycine type-1 transporters (GlyT-1). GlyT-1 inhibitors elevate extracellular glycine and thus potentiate NMDA transmission. This mechanism represents a promising new avenue for the treatment of schizophrenia. Here, the recently introduced positron emission tomography radiotracer [11C]GSK931145 was used to quantify the relationship between occupancy of GlyT-1 by a GlyT-1 inhibitor, Org 25935, and its impact on spatial working memory performances in rhesus monkeys. The effect of Org 25935 on working memory was assessed both in control conditions and during a state of relative NMDA hypofunction induced by ketamine administration, at a dose selected for each animal to reduce task performance by about 50%. Under control conditions, Org 25935 had no effect on working memory at GlyT-1 occupancies lower than 75% and significantly impaired working memory at occupancies higher than 75%. Under ketamine conditions, Org 25935 reversed the deficit in working memory induced by ketamine and did so optimally in the 40-70% GlyT-1 occupancy range. The results confirm the efficacy of this mechanism to correct working memory deficits associated with NMDA hypofunction. These data also suggest the existence of an inverted-U dose-response curve in the potential therapeutic effect of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Castner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N V Murthy
- Neurosciences Centre for Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - K Ridler
- Clinical Imaging Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Hammersmith Hospital–Imperial College, London, UK
| | - H Herdon
- Neurosciences Centre for Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - B M Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D P Weinzimmer
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Q Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E A Rabiner
- Clinical Imaging Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Hammersmith Hospital–Imperial College, London, UK
| | - R N Gunn
- Clinical Imaging Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Hammersmith Hospital–Imperial College, London, UK
| | - R E Carson
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G V Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Laruelle
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Neurosciences Centre for Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK,Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,UCB Pharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Brussels, Belgium,UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, Braine-l'Alleud 1420, Belgium, Tel: +1 914 316 0923, Fax: +322 386 2550, E-mail:
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Pietrzak RH, Huang Y, Corsi-Travali S, Zheng MQ, Lin SF, Henry S, Potenza MN, Piomelli D, Carson RE, Neumeister A. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor availability in the amygdala mediates threat processing in trauma survivors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2519-28. [PMID: 24820537 PMCID: PMC4207337 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Attentional bias to threat is a key endophenotype that contributes to the chronicity of trauma-related psychopathology. However, little is known about the neurobiology of this endophenotype and no known in vivo molecular imaging study has been conducted to evaluate candidate receptor systems that may be implicated in this endophenotype or the phenotypic expression of trauma-related psychopathology that comprises threat (ie, re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal) and loss (ie, emotional numbing, depression/dysphoria, generalized anxiety) symptomatology. Using the radioligand [(11)C]OMAR and positron emission tomography (PET), we evaluated the relationship between in vivo cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor availability in the amygdala, and performance on a dot-probe measure of attentional bias to threat, and clinician interview-based measures of trauma-related psychopathology. The sample comprised adults presenting with a broad spectrum of trauma-related psychopathology, ranging from nontrauma-exposed, psychiatrically healthy adults to trauma-exposed adults with severe trauma-related psychopathology. Results revealed that increased CB1 receptor availability in the amygdala was associated with increased attentional bias to threat, as well as increased severity of threat, but not loss, symptomatology; greater peripheral anandamide levels were associated with decreased attentional bias to threat. A mediation analysis further suggested that attentional bias to threat mediated the relationship between CB1 receptor availability in the amygdala and severity of threat symptomatology. These data substantiate a key role for compromised endocannabinoid function in mediating both the endophenotypic and phenotypic expression of threat symptomatology in humans. They further suggest that novel pharmacotherapies that target the CB1 system may provide a more focused, mechanism-based approach to mitigating this core aspect of trauma-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Pietrzak
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefani Corsi-Travali
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shu-fei Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannan Henry
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Anatomy & Neurobiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Neumeister
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, Room 225, New York, NY 10016, USA, Tel: +1 646 754 4827, Fax: +1 646 754 4781, E-mail:
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Bois F, Gallezot JD, Zheng MQ, Lin SF, Esterlis I, Cosgrove KP, Carson RE, Huang Y. Evaluation of [(18)F]-(-)-norchlorofluorohomoepibatidine ([(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB) as a PET radioligand to image the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in non-human primates. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:570-7. [PMID: 25858513 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of the present study were to develop an optimized microfluidic method for the production of the selective nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2 receptor radiotracer [(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB ([(18)F]-Flubatine) and to investigate its receptor binding profile and pharmacokinetic properties in rhesus monkeys in vivo. METHODS [(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB was prepared in two steps, a nucleophilic fluorination followed by N-Boc deprotection. PET measurements were performed in rhesus monkeys including baseline and preblocking experiments with nicotine (0.24 mg/kg). Radiometabolites in plasma were measured using HPLC. RESULTS [(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB was prepared in a total synthesis time of 140 min. The radiochemical purity in its final formulation was >98% and the mean specific radioactivity was 97.3 ± 16.1 GBq/μmol (n = 6) at end of synthesis (EOS). In the monkey brain, radioactivity concentration was high in the thalamus, moderate in the putamen, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and lower in the cerebellum. Nicotine blocked 98-100% of [(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB specific binding, and the non-displaceable distribution volume (VND) was estimated at 5.9 ± 1.0 mL/cm(3) (n = 2), or 6.6 ± 1.1 mL/cm(3) after normalization by the plasma free fraction fP. Imaging data are amenable to kinetic modeling analysis using the multilinear analysis (MA1) method, and model-derived binding parameters display good test-retest reproducibility. In rhesus monkeys, [(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB can yield robust regional binding potential (BPND) values (thalamus = 4.1 ± 1.5, frontal cortex = 1.2 ± 0.2, putamen = 0.96 ± 0.45, and cerebellum = 0.10 ± 0.29). CONCLUSION An efficient microfluidic synthetic method was developed for preparation of [(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB. PET examination in rhesus monkeys showed that [(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB entered the brain readily and its regional radioactivity uptake pattern was in accordance with the known distribution of α4β2 receptors. Estimated non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) values in brain regions were better than those of [(18)F]2-FA and comparable to [(18)F]AZAN. These results confirm previous findings and support further examination of [(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Bois
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Gallezot JD, Esterlis I, Bois F, Zheng MQ, Lin SF, Kloczynski T, Krystal JH, Huang Y, Sabri O, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP. Evaluation of the sensitivity of the novel α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor PET radioligand 18F-(-)-NCFHEB to increases in synaptic acetylcholine levels in rhesus monkeys. Synapse 2014; 68:556-64. [PMID: 25043426 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 18F-(-)-NCFHEB (also known as 18F-(-)-Flubatine) is a new radioligand to image α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET), with faster kinetics than previous radioligands such as 18F-2-F-A85380. The goal of this study was to assess the sensitivity of 18F-(-)-NCFHEB-PET to increases in synaptic acetylcholine concentration induced by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. METHODS Two rhesus monkeys were scanned four times each on a Focus 220 scanner: first at baseline, then during two bolus plus infusions of physostigmine (0.06-0.28 mg/kg), and finally following a bolus injection of donepezil (0.25 mg/kg). The arterial input function and the plasma free fraction fP were measured. 18F-(-)-NCFHEB volume of distribution VT was estimated using the multilinear analysis MA1 and then normalized by plasma free fraction fP . RESULTS 18F-(-)-NCFHEB fP was 0.89±0.04. At baseline, 18F-(-)-NCFHEB VT /fP ranged from 7.9±1.3 mL plasma/cm3 tissue in the cerebellum to 34.3±8.4 mL plasma/cm3 tissue in the thalamus. Physostigmine induced a dose-dependent reduction of 18F-(-)-NCFHEB VT /fP of 34±9% in the putamen, 32±8% in the thalamus, 25±8% in the cortex, and 23±10% in the hippocampus. With donepezil, 18F-(-)-NCFHEB VT /fP was reduced by 24±2%, 14+3% and 14±5%, 10±6% in the same regions. CONCLUSION 18F-(-)-NCFHEB can be used to detect changes in synaptic acetylcholine concentration and is a promising tracer to study acetylcholine dynamics with shorter scan durations than previous radioligands.
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Zheng MQ, Kim SJ, Holden D, Lin SF, Need A, Rash K, Barth V, Mitch C, Navarro A, Kapinos M, Maloney K, Ropchan J, Carson RE, Huang Y. An Improved Antagonist Radiotracer for the κ-Opioid Receptor: Synthesis and Characterization of (11)C-LY2459989. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1185-91. [PMID: 24854795 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.138701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The κ-opioid receptors (KORs) are implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases and addictive disorders. PET with radioligands provides a means to image the KOR in vivo and investigate its function in health and disease. The purpose of this study was to develop the selective KOR antagonist (11)C-LY2459989 as a PET radioligand and characterize its imaging performance in nonhuman primates. METHODS LY2459989 was synthesized and assayed for in vitro binding to opioid receptors. Ex vivo studies in rodents were conducted to assess its potential as a tracer candidate. (11)C-LY2459989 was synthesized by reaction of its iodophenyl precursor with (11)C-cyanide, followed by partial hydrolysis of the resulting (11)C-cyanophenyl intermediate. Imaging experiments with (11)C-LY2459989 were performed in rhesus monkeys with arterial input function measurement. Imaging data were analyzed with kinetic models to derive in vivo binding parameters. RESULTS LY2459989 is a full antagonist with high binding affinity and selectivity for KOR (0.18, 7.68, and 91.3 nM, respectively, for κ, μ, and δ receptors). Ex vivo studies in rats indicated LY2459989 as an appropriate tracer candidate with high specific binding signals and confirmed its KOR binding selectivity in vivo. (11)C-LY2459989 was synthesized in high radiochemical purity and good specific activity. In rhesus monkeys, (11)C-LY2459989 displayed a fast rate of peripheral metabolism. Similarly, (11)C-LY2459989 displayed fast uptake kinetics in the brain and an uptake pattern consistent with the distribution of KOR in primates. Pretreatment with naloxone (1 mg/kg, intravenously) resulted in a uniform distribution of radioactivity in the brain. Further, specific binding of (11)C-LY2459989 was dose-dependently reduced by the selective KOR antagonist LY2456302 and the unlabeled LY2459989. Regional binding potential values derived from the multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) method, as a measure of in vivo specific binding signal, were 2.18, 1.39, 1.08, 1.04, 1.03, 0.59, 0.51, and 0.50, respectively, for the globus pallidus, cingulate cortex, insula, caudate, putamen, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and thalamus. CONCLUSION The novel PET radioligand (11)C-LY2459989 displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties, a specific and KOR-selective binding profile, and high specific binding signals in vivo, thus making it a promising PET imaging agent for KOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Su Jin Kim
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Shu-fei Lin
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Anne Need
- Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karen Rash
- Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Michael Kapinos
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Kathleen Maloney
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Naganawa M, Jacobsen LK, Zheng MQ, Lin SF, Banerjee A, Byon W, Weinzimmer D, Tomasi G, Nabulsi N, Grimwood S, Badura LL, Carson RE, McCarthy TJ, Huang Y. Evaluation of the agonist PET radioligand [¹¹C]GR103545 to image kappa opioid receptor in humans: kinetic model selection, test-retest reproducibility and receptor occupancy by the antagonist PF-04455242. Neuroimage 2014; 99:69-79. [PMID: 24844744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kappa opioid receptors (KOR) are implicated in several brain disorders. In this report, a first-in-human positron emission tomography (PET) study was conducted with the potent and selective KOR agonist tracer, [(11)C]GR103545, to determine an appropriate kinetic model for analysis of PET imaging data and assess the test-retest reproducibility of model-derived binding parameters. The non-displaceable distribution volume (V(ND)) was estimated from a blocking study with naltrexone. In addition, KOR occupancy of PF-04455242, a selective KOR antagonist that is active in preclinical models of depression, was also investigated. METHODS For determination of a kinetic model and evaluation of test-retest reproducibility, 11 subjects were scanned twice with [(11)C]GR103545. Seven subjects were scanned before and 75 min after oral administration of naltrexone (150 mg). For the KOR occupancy study, six subjects were scanned at baseline and 1.5 h and 8 h after an oral dose of PF-04455242 (15 mg, n=1 and 30 mg, n=5). Metabolite-corrected arterial input functions were measured and all scans were 150 min in duration. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were analyzed with 1- and 2-tissue compartment models (1TC and 2TC) and the multilinear analysis (MA1) method to derive regional volume of distribution (V(T)). Relative test-retest variability (TRV), absolute test-retest variability (aTRV) and intra-class coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess test-retest reproducibility of regional VT. Occupancy plots were computed for blocking studies to estimate occupancy and V(ND). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PF-04455242 was determined from occupancies and drug concentrations in plasma. [(11)C]GR103545 in vivo K(D) was also estimated. RESULTS Regional TACs were well described by the 2TC model and MA1. However, 2TC VT was sometimes estimated with high standard error. Thus MA1 was the model of choice. Test-retest variability was ~15%, depending on the outcome measure. The blocking studies with naltrexone and PF-04455242 showed that V(T) was reduced in all regions; thus no suitable reference region is available for the radiotracer. V(ND) was estimated reliably from the occupancy plot of naltrexone blocking (V(ND)=3.4±0.9 mL/cm(3)). The IC50 of PF-04455242 was calculated as 55 ng/mL. [(11)C]GR103545 in vivo K(D) value was estimated as 0.069 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS [(11)C]GR103545 PET can be used to image and quantify KOR in humans, although it has slow kinetics and variability of model-derived kinetic parameters is higher than desirable. This tracer should be suitable for use in receptor occupancy studies, particularly those that target high occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Naganawa
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - David Weinzimmer
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giampaolo Tomasi
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Gallezot JD, Zheng MQ, Lim K, Lin SF, Labaree D, Matuskey D, Huang Y, Ding YS, Carson RE, Malison RT. Parametric Imaging and Test-Retest Variability of ¹¹C-(+)-PHNO Binding to D₂/D₃ Dopamine Receptors in Humans on the High-Resolution Research Tomograph PET Scanner. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:960-6. [PMID: 24732151 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.132928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (11)C-(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine ((11)C-(+)-PHNO) is an agonist radioligand for imaging dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the human brain with PET. In this study we evaluated the reproducibility of (11)C-(+)-PHNO binding parameters using a within-day design and assessed parametric imaging methods. METHODS Repeated studies were performed in 8 subjects, with simultaneous measurement of the arterial input function and plasma free fraction. Two (11)C-(+)-PHNO scans for the same subject were separated by 5.4 ± 0.7 h. After compartment models were evaluated, (11)C-(+)-PHNO volumes of distribution (V(T)) and binding potentials relative to the concentration of tracer in plasma (BP(P)), nondisplaceable tracer in tissue (BP(ND)), and free tracer in tissue (BP(F)) were quantified using the multilinear analysis MA1 method, with the cerebellum as the reference region. Parametric images of BP(ND) were also computed using the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and SRTM2. RESULTS The test-retest variability of (11)C-(+)-PHNO BP(ND) was 9% in D2-rich regions (caudate and putamen). Among D3-rich regions, variability was low in the pallidum (6%) but higher in substantia nigra (19%), thalamus (14%), and hypothalamus (21%). No significant mass carry-over effect was observed in D3-rich regions, although a trend in BP(ND) was present in the substantia nigra (-14% ± 15%). Because of the relatively fast kinetics, low-noise BP(ND) parametric images were obtained with both SRTM and SRTM2 without spatial smoothing. CONCLUSION (11)C-(+)-PHNO can be used to compute low-noise parametric images in both D2- and D3-rich regions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Keunpoong Lim
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shu-fei Lin
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Labaree
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert T Malison
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Plisson C, Weinzimmer D, Jakobsen S, Natesan S, Salinas C, Lin SF, Labaree D, Zheng MQ, Nabulsi N, Marques TR, Kapur S, Kawanishi E, Saijo T, Gunn RN, Carson RE, Rabiner EA. Phosphodiesterase 10A PET Radioligand Development Program: From Pig to Human. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:595-601. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.131409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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