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Jain S, Rathi VV, Jain AK, Das M, Godugu C. Folate-decorated PLGA nanoparticles as a rationally designed vehicle for the oral delivery of insulin. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1311-37. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The present study reports a novel approach for enhancing the oral absorption and hypoglycemic activity of insulin via encapsulation in folate-(FA) coupled polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs; FA-PEG-PLGA NPs). Materials & methods: Insulin-loaded FA-PEG-PLGA NPs (size ∼260 nm; insulin loading ∼6.5% [w/w]; encapsulation efficiency: 87.0 ± 1.92%) were prepared by double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. The bioavailability and hypoglycemic activity of orally administered FA–insulin NPs were studied in diabetic rats. Results & conclusion: FA-PEG-PLGA NPs (50 U/kg) exhibited a twofold increase in the oral bioavailability (double hypoglycemia) without any hypoglycemic shock as compared to subcutaneously administered standard insulin solution. Insulin NPs maintained a continual blood glucose level for 24 h, which, however, was transient (<8 h) in the case of subcutaneous insulin and associated with severe hypoglycemic shock. Overall, we have developed a patient-compliant, oral nanoformulation of insulin, once-daily administration of which would be sufficient to control diabetes for at least 24 h. Original submitted 16 November 2011; Revised submitted 2 February 2012; Published online 14 May 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vishal V Rathi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Amit K Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Manasmita Das
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
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152
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Prego† C, Goycoolea* FM. Nanostructures Overcoming the Nasal Barrier: Protein and Peptide Delivery Strategies. NANOSTRUCTURED BIOMATERIALS FOR OVERCOMING BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735292-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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153
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Khalil NM, do Nascimento TCF, Casa DM, Dalmolin LF, de Mattos AC, Hoss I, Romano MA, Mainardes RM. Pharmacokinetics of curcumin-loaded PLGA and PLGA-PEG blend nanoparticles after oral administration in rats. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 101:353-60. [PMID: 23010041 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of nanoparticles to improve the pharmacokinetics of curcumin, with a primary goal of enhancing its bioavailability. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and PLGA-polyethylene glycol (PEG) (PLGA-PEG) blend nanoparticles containing curcumin were obtained by a single-emulsion solvent-evaporation technique, resulting in particles size smaller than 200 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was over 70% for both formulations. The in vitro release study showed that curcumin was released more slowly from the PLGA nanoparticles than from the PLGA-PEG nanoparticles. A LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify curcumin in rat plasma. The nanoparticles were orally administered at a single dose in rats, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated and compared with the curcumin aqueous suspension. It was observed that both nanoparticles formulations were able to sustain the curcumin delivery over time, but greater efficiency was obtained with the PLGA-PEG nanoparticles, which showed better results in all of the pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed. The PLGA and PLGA-PEG nanoparticles increased the curcumin mean half-life in approximately 4 and 6h, respectively, and the C(max) of curcumin increased 2.9- and 7.4-fold, respectively. The distribution and metabolism of curcumin decreased when it was carried by nanoparticles, particularly PLGA-PEG nanoparticles. The bioavailability of curcumin-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles was 3.5-fold greater than the curcumin from PLGA nanoparticles. Compared to the curcumin aqueous suspension, the PLGA and PLGA-PEG nanoparticles increased the curcumin bioavailability by 15.6- and 55.4-fold, respectively. These results suggest that PLGA and, in particular, PLGA-PEG blend nanoparticles are potential carriers for the oral delivery of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
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154
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Development and characterisation of chitosan films impregnated with insulin loaded PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles (NPs): A potential approach for buccal delivery of macromolecules. Int J Pharm 2012; 428:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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155
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Abstract
Oral peptide delivery has been one of the major challenges of pharmaceutical sciences as it could lead to a great improvement of classical therapies, such as insulin, alongside making an important number of new therapies feasible. Successful oral delivery needs to fulfill two key tasks: to protect the macromolecules from degradation in the GI tract and to shuttle them across the intestinal epithelium in a safe and efficient fashion. Over the last decade, there have been numerous approaches based on the chemical modification of peptides and on the use of permeation enhancers, enzyme inhibitors and drug-delivery systems. Among the approaches developed to overcome these restrictions, the design of nanocarriers seems to be a particularly promising approach. This article is an overview on the state of the art of oral-peptide formulation strategies, with special attention to insulin delivery and the use of polymeric nanocarriers as delivery systems.
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156
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Ensign LM, Cone R, Hanes J. Oral drug delivery with polymeric nanoparticles: the gastrointestinal mucus barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:557-70. [PMID: 22212900 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 970] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery is the most common method for drug administration. However, poor solubility, stability, and bioavailability of many drugs make achieving therapeutic levels via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract challenging. Drug delivery must overcome numerous hurdles, including the acidic gastric environment and the continuous secretion of mucus that protects the GI tract. Nanoparticle drug carriers that can shield drugs from degradation and deliver them to intended sites within the GI tract may enable more efficient and sustained drug delivery. However, the rapid secretion and shedding of GI tract mucus can significantly limit the effectiveness of nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Many types of nanoparticles are efficiently trapped in and rapidly removed by mucus, making controlled release in the GI tract difficult. This review addresses the protective barrier properties of mucus secretions, how mucus affects the fate of orally administered nanoparticles, and recent developments in nanoparticles engineered to penetrate the mucus barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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157
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Loo Y, Grigsby CL, Yamanaka YJ, Chellappan MK, Jiang X, Mao HQ, Leong KW. Comparative study of nanoparticle-mediated transfection in different GI epithelium co-culture models. J Control Release 2012; 160:48-56. [PMID: 22326811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral nonviral gene delivery is the most attractive and arguably the most challenging route of administration. To identify a suitable carrier, we studied the transport of different classes (natural polymer, synthetic polymer and synthetic lipid-polymer) of DNA nanoparticles through three well-characterized cellular models of intestinal epithelium (Caco2, Caco2-HT29MTX and Caco2-Raji). Poly(phosphoramidate-dipropylamine) (PPA) and Lipid-Protamine-DNA (LPD) nanoparticles consistently showed the highest level of human insulin mRNA expression and luciferase protein expression in these models, typically at least three orders of magnitude above background. All of the nanoparticles increased tight junction permeability, with PPA and PEI having the most dramatic transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) decreases of (35.3±8.5%) and (37.5±1.5%) respectively in the first hour. The magnitude of TEER decrease correlated with nanoparticle surface charge, implicating electrostatic interactions with the tight junction proteins. However, confocal microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were mostly uptaken by the enterocytes. Quantitative uptake and transport experiments showed that the endocytosed, quantum dot (QD)-labeled PPA-DNA nanoparticles remained in the intestinal cells even after 24h. Negligible amount of quantum dot labeled DNA was detected in the basolateral chamber, with the exception of the Caco2-Raji co-cultures, which internalized nanoparticles 2 to 3 times more readily compared to Caco2 and Caco2-HT29MTX cultures. PEGylation decreased the transfection efficacy by at least an order of magnitude, lowered the magnitude of TEER decrease and halved the uptake of PPA-DNA nanoparticles. A key finding was insulin mRNA being detected in the underlying HepG2 cells, signifying that some of the plasmid was transported across the intestinal epithelial layer while retaining at least partial bioactivity. However, the inefficient transport suggests that transcytosis alone would not engender a significant therapeutic effect, and this transport modality must be augmented by other means in vivo to render nonviral oral gene delivery practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Loo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
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158
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Jain S, Amiji M. Macrophage-Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery Systems. NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2305-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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159
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Babiuch K, Gottschaldt M, Werz O, Schubert US. Particulate transepithelial drug carriers: barriers and functional polymers. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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160
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161
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Biodegradable nanoparticles are excellent vehicle for site directed in-vivo delivery of drugs and vaccines. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:55. [PMID: 22123084 PMCID: PMC3238292 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining increased attention for their ability to serve as a viable carrier for site specific delivery of vaccines, genes, drugs and other biomolecules in the body. They offer enhanced biocompatibility, superior drug/vaccine encapsulation, and convenient release profiles for a number of drugs, vaccines and biomolecules to be used in a variety of applications in the field of medicine. In this manuscript, the methods of preparation of biodegradable NPs, different factors affecting optimal drug encapsulation, factors affecting drug release rates, various surface modifications of nanoparticles to enhance in-vivo circulation, distribution and multimodal functionalities along with the specific applications such as tumor targeting, oral delivery, and delivery of these particles to the central nervous system have been reviewed.
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162
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Preparation, characterization, and protein loading properties of N-acyl chitosan nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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163
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Malavolta L, Cabral FR. Peptides: important tools for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Neuropeptides 2011; 45:309-16. [PMID: 21477861 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review shows some classical applications of peptides and suggests there is great promise for the treatment of various central nervous system diseases. Actually, peptides are considered the new generation of biologically active tools because they are key regulators in cellular and intercellular physiological responses, which possess enormous potential for the treatment of various diseases. In spite of their clinical potential, native peptides have seen limited use due to their poor bioavailability and low stability in physiological conditions. Moreover, most peptide or protein pharmaceuticals currently in use are delivered by invasive routes such as via subcutaneous injection. Considerable efforts have been made to design new drugs based on peptides and recent developments in technology and science have provided the means and opportunity to produce a stable as well as controlled-release form of peptide and protein drugs to combat poorly controlled diseases and to increase patients' quality of life. A major challenge in this regard, however, is the delivery of peptides over the blood-brain barrier. This review gives an overview of some strategies used to improve both bioavailability and uptake of peptide drugs for delivery into the brain. Indeed, recent findings suggest that the use of peptides by conjugation to a polymer such as nanoparticles can offer tremendous hope in the treatment of brain disorders. The polymer conjugation improves pharmacokinetics by increasing the molecular mass of proteins and peptides and shielding them from proteolytic enzymes. These new strategies will create new opportunities for the future development of neurotherapeutic drugs. In the present review we have focused our attention on the peptide controlled delivery, summarizing literature reports on the use of peptides and nanotechnology for the treatment and diagnosis of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Malavolta
- Brain Institute-Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Morumbi-São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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164
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Propidium iodide labeling of nanoparticles as a novel tool for the quantification of cellular binding and uptake. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:410-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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165
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Dinarvand R, Sepehri N, Manoochehri S, Rouhani H, Atyabi F. Polylactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles for controlled delivery of anticancer agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:877-95. [PMID: 21720501 PMCID: PMC3124394 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s18905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of anticancer agents may be hindered by low solubility in water, poor permeability, and high efflux from cells. Nanomaterials have been used to enable drug delivery with lower toxicity to healthy cells and enhanced drug delivery to tumor cells. Different nanoparticles have been developed using different polymers with or without surface modification to target tumor cells both passively and/or actively. Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), a biodegradable polyester approved for human use, has been used extensively. Here we report on recent developments concerning PLGA nanoparticles prepared for cancer treatment. We review the methods used for the preparation and characterization of PLGA nanoparticles and their applications in the delivery of a number of active agents. Increasing experience in the field of preparation, characterization, and in vivo application of PLGA nanoparticles has provided the necessary momentum for promising future use of these agents in cancer treatment, with higher efficacy and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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166
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Fonte P, Nogueira T, Gehm C, Ferreira D, Sarmento B. Chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the oral absorption of insulin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2011; 1:299-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-011-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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167
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Mehta S, Kaur G, Verma A. Fabrication of plant protein microspheres for encapsulation, stabilization and in vitro release of multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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168
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Kumari A, Yadav SK. Cellular interactions of therapeutically delivered nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:141-51. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.547934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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169
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McNeela EA, Lavelle EC. Recent Advances in Microparticle and Nanoparticle Delivery Vehicles for Mucosal Vaccination. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 354:75-99. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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170
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Zhang Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Fan Y, Wang X, Huang Y, Liu Y. Cyclosporin A-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactic acid) micelles: preparation, in vitro and in vivo characterization and transport mechanism across the intestinal barrier. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1169-82. [PMID: 20540526 DOI: 10.1021/mp100033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble cyclosporin A (CyA), polymeric micelles based on monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (mPEG-PLA) were prepared. In vitro release test showed that the cumulative release percentage, about 85%, of CyA from polymeric micelles within 24 h was comparable to that from Sandimmun Neoral, the currently available oral formulation of CyA. A relative oral bioavailability of 137% in rats compared with Sandimmun Neoral was demonstrated for CyA-loaded polymeric micelles. The other aim of the current work was to study the transport mechanism of mPEG-PLA micelles across the intestinal barrier. It was found that polymeric micelles could significantly increase the permeability of CyA across Caco-2 monolayers without significantly affecting transepithelial electrical resistance values, and the apparent permeation coefficient (P(app)) of CyA was significantly higher in the AP-BL direction compared to that in the BL-AP direction, suggesting that polymeric micelles might undergo an active AP to BL transport that probably involved endocytosis which was confirmed by confocal microscope observation. The permeation of CyA through Caco-2 monolayers showed that the P(app) was significantly increased when CyA was formulated with the copolymer below its critical association concentration (CAC) and no significant difference was found above its CAC, implying that mPEG-PLA monomers affected the intestinal P-gp efflux pumps. Therefore, the mPEG-PLA micelles seemed to be a good candidate for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Teaching Experiment Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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171
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Santander-Ortega MJ, Peula-García JM, Goycoolea FM, Ortega-Vinuesa JL. Chitosan nanocapsules: Effect of chitosan molecular weight and acetylation degree on electrokinetic behaviour and colloidal stability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 82:571-80. [PMID: 21071187 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, chitosan nanocapsules have shown promising results as carriers for oral drug or peptide delivery. The success in their applicability strongly depends on the stability of these colloidal systems passing through the digestive tract. In gastric fluids, clear stability comes from the high surface charge density of the chitosan shell, which is completely charged at acidic pH values. However, in the intestinal fluid (where the pH is almost neutral) the effective charge of these nanocapsules approaches zero, and the electrostatic forces cannot provide any stabilization. Despite the lack of surface charge, chitosan nanocapsules remain stable in simulated intestinal fluids. Recently, we have demonstrated that this anomalous stability (at zero charge) is owed to short-range repulsive forces that appear between hydrophilic particles when immersed in saline media. The present work examines the influence of the chitosan hydrophobicity, as well as molecular weight, in the stability of different chitosan nanocapsules. A study has been made of the size, polydispersity, electrophoretic mobility, and colloidal stability of eight core-shell nanocapsule systems, in which the chitosan-shell properties have been modified using low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) chitosan chains having different degrees of acetylation (DA). With regard to the stability mediated by repulsive hydration forces, the LMW chitosan provided the best results. In addition, contrary to initial expectations, greater stability (also mediated by hydration forces) was found in the samples formed with chitosan chains of high DA values (i.e. with less hydrophilic chitosan). Finally, a theoretical treatment was also tested to quantify the hydrophilicity of the chitosan shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Santander-Ortega
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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172
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Nnamani P, Attama A, Ibezim E, Adikwu M. SRMS142-based solid lipid microparticles: Application in oral delivery of glibenclamide to diabetic rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 76:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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173
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Paolicelli P, Prego C, Sanchez A, Alonso MJ. Surface-modified PLGA-based nanoparticles that can efficiently associate and deliver virus-like particles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:843-53. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To design and develop a new nanocarrier appropriately engineered for the adequate accommodation of a virus-like particle, the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (22 nm), and intended to be used for the transmucosal delivery of the associated antigen. The nanoparticles consisted of a core blend of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) and poloxamer 188, and a hydrophilic shell of chitosan. Results: By by conveniently adapting the nanoprecipitation technique, it was possible to associate a significant amount of active antigen (44%) to the nanocarrier. The resulting nanosystems had a size of around 200 nm and positive zeta potential attributed to the association of chitosan. The nanoparticles were able to deliver the associated antigen in a controlled manner for up to 14 days without compromising its activity, as determined by ELISA. Moreover, the antigenicity of the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen was preserved for at least 14 days, when stored as an aqueous suspension, and for at least 3 months when converted in a freeze-dried powder. Conclusion: Poly(D,L,lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles represent a promising approach for the delivery of virus-like-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Paolicelli
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cecilia Prego
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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174
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Csaba NS, Sánchez A, Alonso MJ. Preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanoparticles as carriers for gene delivery. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2010:pdb.prot5468. [PMID: 20679377 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONNew nanoparticulate blend compositions based on poly(D,L lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) derivatives have been designed as transmucosal gene carriers. These nanosystems benefit from the inherent biodegradability and low toxicity of their components and the mild conditions required for their preparation. In addition, specific advantages of these nanoparticles for in vivo gene delivery are (1) their adequate DNA loading capacity, (2) their ability to control the release of the encapsulated DNA for extended periods of time while preserving its delicate conformational structure as well as its biological activity, and (3) their capacity to overcome the nasal mucosa barrier and transport the associated model DNA vaccine, leading to a significant systemic immune response against the encoded protein. This protocol describes the preparation and characterization of DNA-loaded nanoparticles composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PEO and the use of these particles as transmucosal gene delivery carriers.
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175
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Li XW, Lin XH, Zheng LQ, Yu L, Mao HZ. Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release of Chloramphenicol Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701856782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei Li
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
| | - Xiao Hong Lin
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
| | - Li Qiang Zheng
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
| | - Li Yu
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
| | - Hong Zhi Mao
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
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176
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Ankola DD, Battisti A, Solaro R, Kumar MNVR. Nanoparticles made of multi-block copolymer of lactic acid and ethylene glycol containing periodic side-chain carboxyl groups for oral delivery of cyclosporine A. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 4:S475-81. [PMID: 20504806 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0046.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of new carboxylated multi-block copolymer of lactic acid and ethylene glycol (EL14) for nanoparticle (NP) formation and their ability to deliver high molecular weight hydrophobic drug--cyclosporine A (CsA). CsA-loaded EL14 NPs were compared with traditional poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs, both prepared by emulsion-diffusion-evaporation process. On the one hand, the increase in drug payload from 10 to 30 per cent for EL14 NPs showed no difference in particle size, however the entrapment efficiency tends to decrease from 50 to 43 per cent; on the other hand, the more hydrophobic PLGA showed an increasing trend in entrapment efficiency from 20 to 62 per cent with increasing particle size. Over 90 per cent of CsA was released in vitro from both the nanoparticulates; however, the release was much slower in the case of more hydrophobic PLGA. On in vivo evaluation in rats, the NPs made of EL14 showed a higher C(max), a faster T(max) and enhanced tissue levels to that of PLGA that are crucial for CsA's activity and toxicity; however, the overall bioavailability of the nanoparticulates was similar and higher than Neoral. Together these data demonstrate the feasibility of NPs made of low molecular weight, hydrophilic polymer EL14 for efficient delivery of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Ankola
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK
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177
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Roger E, Lagarce F, Garcion E, Benoit JP. Biopharmaceutical parameters to consider in order to alter the fate of nanocarriers after oral delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:287-306. [PMID: 20148639 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral route is the most common route for the delivery of drugs because it is simple to implement and improves patient compliance and quality of life. However, oral absorption is limited by various physiological barriers and remains a scientific challenge. Nanometric-sized drug delivery systems are being extensively studied and provide promising potential for oral drug delivery. Many different technological solutions have been proposed to enhance the bioavailability or the targeting of drug after oral administration. To reach these goals, it is important to analyze the biopharmaceutical parameters to consider in order to alter the fate of nanocarriers after oral delivery. In the present review, the gastrointestinal barrier and physiological stress factors with regard to nanocarriers' performance or integrity issues are first described. Second, the different characteristics offered by the nanocarriers (size, surface composition and properties mediated by external factors such as ligands) and their effect on the optimal transport of drug into the bloodstream are discussed. Finally, the integrity issue is discussed in function of the expected role of the nanocarriers: bioavailability enhancement or pharmacological targeting.
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178
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Zhang Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Wang X, Fan Y, Huang Y, Liu Y. Preparation and evaluation of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) micelles as nanocarriers for oral delivery of cyclosporine a. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 5:917-25. [PMID: 20671795 PMCID: PMC2893821 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (mPEG-PLA) diblock copolymers were designed according to polymer-drug compatibility and synthesized, and mPEG-PLA micelle was fabricated and used as a nanocarrier for solubilization and oral delivery of Cyclosporine A (CyA). CyA was efficiently encapsulated into the micelles with nanoscaled diameter ranged from 60 to 96 nm with a narrow size distribution. The favorable stabilities of CyA-loaded polymeric micelles were observed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The in vitro drug release investigation demonstrated that drug release was retarded by polymeric micelles. The enhanced intestinal absorption of CyA-loaded polymeric micelles, which was comparable to the commercial formulation of CyA (Sandimmun Neoral®), was found. These suggested that polymeric micelles might be an effective nanocarrier for solubilization of poorly soluble CyA and further improving oral absorption of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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179
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Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology demonstrate that peptides and proteins are the basis of a new generation of drugs. However, the transportation of protein drugs in the body is limited by their high molecular weight, which prevents the crossing of tissue barriers, and by their short lifetime due to immuno response and enzymatic degradation. Moreover, the ability to selectively deliver drugs to target organs, tissues or cells is a major challenge in the treatment of several human diseases, including cancer. Indeed, targeted delivery can be much more efficient than systemic application, while improving bioavailability and limiting undesirable side effects. This review describes how the use of targeted nanocarriers such as nanoparticles and liposomes can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of protein drugs, thus increasing their safety and maximizing the therapeutic effect.
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180
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Jain AK, Goyal AK, Mishra N, Vaidya B, Mangal S, Vyas SP. PEG–PLA–PEG block copolymeric nanoparticles for oral immunization against hepatitis B. Int J Pharm 2010; 387:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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181
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Mu CF, Balakrishnan P, Cui FD, Yin YM, Lee YB, Choi HG, Yong CS, Chung SJ, Shim CK, Kim DD. The effects of mixed MPEG-PLA/Pluronic copolymer micelles on the bioavailability and multidrug resistance of docetaxel. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2371-9. [PMID: 20031202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A mixed micelle that comprised of MPEG-PLA (MPP) and Pluronic copolymers was developed for enhanced bioavailability and to overcome multidrug resistance of docetaxel in cancer therapy. The mixed micelles that sufficiently solubilized docetaxel were evaluated for the effect of Pluronic copolymers weight ratio on the mixed micelles with respect to drug loading and drug release. In vitro, cell viability and cytotoxicity studies in KB and KBv cells revealed that the mixed micellar formulations were more potent than the commercial docetaxel formulation (Taxotere). In vivo pharmacokinetics study in rats showed that the mixed micelles significantly enhanced the bioavailability of docetaxel (3.6 fold) than Taxotere. Moreover, antitumor activity assessed in KBv cancer xenograft BALB/C nude mice models showed that the mixed micelles significantly reduced the tumor size than the control (Taxotere). Clear differences in the intracellular uptake of docetaxel between MPP and mixed micelles were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. This study presents not only a new micelle structure for a diblock-triblock copolymer system, but also a method for enhanced bioavailability of docetaxel and to overcome some of the limitations on its multidrug resistance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Mu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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182
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Kumari A, Yadav SK, Yadav SC. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 75:1-18. [PMID: 19782542 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2157] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable nanoparticles have been used frequently as drug delivery vehicles due to its grand bioavailability, better encapsulation, control release and less toxic properties. Various nanoparticulate systems, general synthesis and encapsulation process, control release and improvement of therapeutic value of nanoencapsulated drugs are covered in this review. We have highlighted the impact of nanoencapsulation of various disease related drugs on biodegradable nanoparticles such as PLGA, PLA, chitosan, gelatin, polycaprolactone and poly-alkyl-cyanoacrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnesh Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, CSIR, Palampur, HP 176061, India
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183
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184
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Abstract
In this chapter, we outline the protocols for PEGylation of some drug carriers, such as dendrimer, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, for systemic delivery. PEGylation simply refers to the modification of particle surface by covalently grafting, entrapping, or adsorbing PEG chains of vivid length. However, limitation of simple adsorption being easy displacement of the coating layer in vivo, covalent mode for PEGylation of nanoparticles is mostly preferred, and outlined herein. Derivatization and activation of polyethylene glycol is an important step during PEGylation and its chemistry chiefly relies on availability as well as type of functional groups on carrier periphery. A summarized set of protocols for PEGylation of widely explored nanocarriers for systemic delivery is presented.
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185
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Santander-Ortega MJ, Lozano-López MV, Bastos-González D, Peula-García JM, Ortega-Vinuesa JL. Novel core-shell lipid-chitosan and lipid-poloxamer nanocapsules: stability by hydration forces. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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186
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Colloidal carrier integrating biomaterials for oral insulin delivery: Influence of component formulation on physicochemical and biological parameters. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:2475-84. [PMID: 19362890 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to design effective and safe colloidal carriers for biopharmaceuticals have evolved through applying the knowledge gained in nanotechnology to medicine. Designing a colloidal carrier to serve as a protein delivery device requires an understanding of the effect of different materials on the physicochemical, physiological and toxicological parameters for clinical application. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of formulation components on the physicochemical factors and biological function involved in the development and optimization of newly designed nanoparticles for orally dosed insulin. Biodegradable, biocompatible, mucoadhesive and protease-protective biomaterials were combined through ionotropic pre-gelation and polyelectrolyte complexation forming an alginate, dextran sulfate and poloxamer hydrogel containing insulin, stabilized in nanoparticles with chitosan and poly(ethyleneglycol) and coated with albumin. Nanoparticles ranged in size from 200 to 500nm with 70-90% insulin entrapment efficiency, and electrostatic stabilization was suggested by zeta potential values lower than -30mV. This combination of formulation components was selected for insulin protection against harsh gastric pH and proteolytic conditions, and to improve insulin absorption through intestinal mucosa by combining nanoparticle uptake and insulin release at the site of absorption. Insulin was shown to be bioactive after nanoparticle formulation and release in neutral pH conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of formulations components in the nanoparticle structure and to identify potential interactions between biomaterials.
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187
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Hillaireau H, Couvreur P. Nanocarriers' entry into the cell: relevance to drug delivery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2873-96. [PMID: 19499185 PMCID: PMC11115599 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1047] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers offer unique possibilities to overcome cellular barriers in order to improve the delivery of various drugs and drug candidates, including the promising therapeutic biomacromolecules (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins). There are various mechanisms of nanocarrier cell internalization that are dramatically influenced by nanoparticles' physicochemical properties. Depending on the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking, different pharmacological applications may be considered. This review will discuss these opportunities, starting with the phagocytosis pathway, which, being increasingly well characterized and understood, has allowed several successes in the treatment of certain cancers and infectious diseases. On the other hand, the non-phagocytic pathways encompass various complicated mechanisms, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis, which are more challenging to control for pharmaceutical drug delivery applications. Nevertheless, various strategies are being actively investigated in order to tailor nanocarriers able to deliver anticancer agents, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides for therapeutic applications by these non-phagocytic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Hillaireau
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 40 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud 11, IFR 141, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay Malabry, France
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188
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Roger E, Lagarce F, Benoit JP. The gastrointestinal stability of lipid nanocapsules. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:260-5. [PMID: 19524655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro gastrointestinal stability of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) was studied in different media. The size of LNCs was determined in simulated gastric and intestinal media. In updated fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V2) and updated fed state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF-V2) media, the encapsulation ratio of paclitaxel-loaded LNCs was also measured. The size of LNCs was not modified after 3h in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid described by the United States Pharmacopeia, in FaSSIF, FaSSIF-V2, and in FeSSIF. Moreover, in the presence of pancreatin in FeSSIF-V2, a decreased above 30% of the loading of paclitaxel was observed. This was attributed to the presence of lipase in pancreatin that could interact with Lipoid (a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine), present on the shell of LNC. As a conclusion, LNCs were stable on gastric medium and fasted state intestinal medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Roger
- Ethypharm, 194 bureau de la Colline-bâtiment D, 92213-Saint-Cloud Cedex, France
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189
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Cu Y, Saltzman WM. Controlled surface modification with poly(ethylene)glycol enhances diffusion of PLGA nanoparticles in human cervical mucus. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:173-81. [PMID: 19053536 DOI: 10.1021/mp8001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to mucosal epithelia is severely limited by the mucus gel, which is a physical diffusion barrier as well as an enzymatic barrier in some sites. Loading of drug into polymer particles can protect drugs from degradation and enhance their stability. To improve efficacy of nanoparticulate drug carriers, it has been speculated that polymers such as poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG) incorporated on the particle surface will enhance transport in mucus. In the present study, we demonstrate the direct influence of PEG on surface properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (d = 170 +/- 57 nm). PEG of various molecular weights (MW = 2, 5, 10 kDa) were incorporated at a range of densities from 5-100% on the particle surface. Our results indicate PEG addition improves dispersion, neutralize charge, and enhance particle diffusion in cervical mucus in a manner strongly dependent on polymer MW and density. Diffusion of PEGylated particles was 3-10x higher than that of unmodified PLGA particles. These findings improve the understanding of, and confirm a possible direction for, the rational design of effective carriers for mucosal drug/vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Cu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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190
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Moon HS, Lee HG, Seo JH, Chung CS, Kim TG, Choi YJ, Cho CS. Antiobesity effect of PEGylated conjugated linoleic acid on high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J (ob/ob) mice: attenuation of insulin resistance and enhancement of antioxidant defenses. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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191
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Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:140-57. [PMID: 19121350 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The great interest in mucosal vaccine delivery arises from the fact that mucosal surfaces represent the major site of entry for many pathogens. Among other mucosal sites, nasal delivery is especially attractive for immunization, as the nasal epithelium is characterized by relatively high permeability, low enzymatic activity and by the presence of an important number of immunocompetent cells. In addition to these advantageous characteristics, the nasal route could offer simplified and more cost-effective protocols for vaccination with improved patient compliance. The use of nanocarriers provides a suitable way for the nasal delivery of antigenic molecules. Besides improved protection and facilitated transport of the antigen, nanoparticulate delivery systems could also provide more effective antigen recognition by immune cells. These represent key factors in the optimal processing and presentation of the antigen, and therefore in the subsequent development of a suitable immune response. In this sense, the design of optimized vaccine nanocarriers offers a promising way for nasal mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Csaba
- Drug Formulation and Delivery Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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192
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Wang TW, Xu Q, Wu Y, Zeng AJ, Li M, Gao H. Quaternized chitosan (QCS)/poly (aspartic acid) nanoparticles as a protein drug-delivery system. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:908-14. [PMID: 19303066 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to generate a new type of nanoparticles made of quaternized chitosan (QCS) and poly (aspartic acid) and to evaluate their potential for the association and delivery of protein drugs. QCS and poly (aspartic acid) were processed to nanoparticles via the ionotropic gelation technique. The size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized. Entrapment studies of the nanoparticles were conducted using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. The effects of the pH value of nanoparticles with different QCS/poly (aspartic acid) ratios, QCS molecular weight (MW), poly (aspartic acid) concentration, and BSA concentration on the nanoparticle size, the nanoparticle yield, and BSA encapsulation were studied in detail. Suitably pH value of nanoparticles with different QCS/poly (aspartic acid) ratios, moderate QCS MW, optimal concentration ratio of poly (aspartic acid), and QCS favored more nanoparticles formed and higher BSA encapsulation efficiency. The release of BSA from nanoparticles was pH-dependent. Fast release occurred in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4), while the release was slow in 0.1M HCl (pH 1.2). The results showed that the new QCS/poly (aspartic acid) nanoparticles have a promising potential in protein delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie wei Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
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193
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Reis CP, Veiga FJ, Ribeiro AJ, Neufeld RJ, Damgé C. Nanoparticulate biopolymers deliver insulin orally eliciting pharmacological response. J Pharm Sci 2009; 97:5290-305. [PMID: 18384153 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate a novel oral insulin nanoparticulate system based on alginate-dextran sulfate core, complexed with a chitosan-polyethylene glycol-albumin shell. Insulin-loaded nanospheres (25, 50, 100 IU/kg) administered orally to diabetic rats reduced glycemia in a dose dependent manner. This effect lasted over 24 h with a maximal effect after 14 h. Nanospheres increased insulin plasma level and improved glycemic response to an oral glucose overload. After 4 days oral administration (50 IU/kg/day), the metabolic status of diabetic rats improved with a reduction in water intake, urine excretion and proteinuria. FITC-insulin-loaded nanospheres administered to an isolated intestinal loop were taken up by the intestinal mucosa. They strongly adhered to villus apical enterocytes and markedly labeled Peyer's patches. It is concluded that nanospheres preserve insulin and exert an antidiabetic effect after oral administration. This is explained by a protective effect against proteolytic enzymes by the albumin coating, by the mucoadhesive properties of chitosan-polyethylene glycol, and by the possibility of chitosan reversibly altering tight junctions leading to an improved absorption of insulin. This formulation demonstrates beneficial effects on diabetic symptoms and will be of interest in the treatment of diabetes with oral insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina P Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal.
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194
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Enhanced oral absorption of salmon calcitonin-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles by adding organic substances. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-009-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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195
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Vauthier C, Bouchemal K. Methods for the preparation and manufacture of polymeric nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2008; 26:1025-58. [PMID: 19107579 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the different methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles including nanospheres and nanocapsules. The first part summarizes the basic principle of each method of nanoparticle preparation. It presents the most recent innovations and progresses obtained over the last decade and which were not included in previous reviews on the subject. Strategies for the obtaining of nanoparticles with controlled in vivo fate are described in the second part of the review. A paragraph summarizing scaling up of nanoparticle production and presenting corresponding pilot set-up is considered in the third part of the review. Treatments of nanoparticles, applied after the synthesis, are described in the next part including purification, sterilization, lyophilization and concentration. Finally, methods to obtain labelled nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo investigations are described in the last part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vauthier
- CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris Sud-11, 92296, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
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196
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de la Fuente M, Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles as protein and gene carriers to mucosal surfaces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2008; 3:845-57. [DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.6.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most exciting and challenging applications of nanotechnology in medicine is the development of nanocarriers for the intraepithelial delivery of biomacromolecules through mucosal surfaces. These biomacromolecules represent an increasingly important segment of the therapeutic arsenal; however, their potential is still limited by their instability and inability to cross biological barriers. Nanoparticle carriers have emerged as one of the most promising technologies to overcome this limitation, owing mainly to their demonstrated capacity to interact with biological barriers. In this review, we summarize the current advances made on nanoparticles designed for transmucosal delivery. Supported by the examples of a variety of therapeutic macromolecules – peptides and proteins, gene medicines and vaccines – we review the lessons learned from the past and we offer a future perspective for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de la Fuente
- NANOBIOFAR Group, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Noémi Csaba
- NANOBIOFAR Group, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- NANOBIOFAR Group, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Alonso
- NANOBIOFAR Group, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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197
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Nafissi-Varcheh N, Erfan M, Aboofazeli R. An approach to the design of a particulate system for oral protein delivery. I. In vitro stability of various poly (alpha-hydroxy acids)-microspheres in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. J Microencapsul 2008; 25:584-92. [PMID: 19003561 DOI: 10.1080/02652040802485485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of various biodegradable polyester polymers with different molecular weights and lactic/glycolic acids ratios were evaluated in simulated gastrointestinal fluids as an approach to apply microparticles for oral protein delivery on the basis of particle uptake mechanism. A common w/o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique using dichloromethane for dissolving the polymer and polyvinyl alcohol as the stabilizer was used for encapsulation. Microspheres were incubated at 37 degrees C in USP simulated fluids with a concentration of 20 mg mL(-1) and also in the literature, which suggested fed or fasted simulated intestinal fluids for different times up to 24 h, while shaking at 75 rpm. The stability assessment was done by detecting pH alterations of the media, enzymatic assay of L-lactic acid, performing differential scanning calorimetric studies and observing the size and morphology of particles. Results showed that the three polymers, namely Resomers R207, RG756 and RG505, could be suitable for the preparation of protein-loaded microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Nafissi-Varcheh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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198
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Abstract
Chitosan, a natural-based polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin, is nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. These properties make chitosan a good candidate for conventional and novel drug delivery systems. This article reviews the approaches aimed to associate bioactive molecules to chitosan in the form of colloidal structures and analyzes the evidence of their efficacy in improving the transport of the associated molecule through mucosae and epithelia. Chitosan forms colloidal particles and entraps bioactive molecules through a number of mechanisms, including chemical crosslinking, ionic crosslinking, and ionic complexation. A possible alternative of chitosan by the chemical modification also has been useful for the association of bioactive molecules to polymer and controlling the drug release profile. Because of the high affinity of chitosan for cell membranes, it has been used as a coating agent for liposome formulations. This review also examines the advances in the application of chitosan and its derivatives to nonviral gene delivery and gives an overview of transfection studies that use chitosan as a transfection agent. From the studies reviewed, we concluded that chitosan and its derivatives are promising materials for controlled drug and nonviral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prabaharan
- Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal.
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Desai KG, Park HJ. Preparation, Characterization and Protein Loading of Hexanoyl-Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2008; 13:375-81. [PMID: 16877313 DOI: 10.1080/10717540500455991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexanoyl chitosan was synthesized through a coupling reaction between chitosan and hexanoic anhydride. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies showed the formation of hexanoyl chitosan. The nanoparticles of hexanoyl chitosan were prepared through ionotropic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP) followed by sonication. The hexanoyl chitosan-TPP nanoparticles exhibited uniform spherical shape with smooth surface as observed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The particle size of nanoparticles was between 54.1 to 724 nm with a mean diameter of 324 nm. At 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/mL bovine serum albumin initial concentration, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of hexanoyl-chitosan-TPP nanoparticles were 58.2, 44.5, and 28.1%, and 14.1, 23.4, and 30.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashappa Goud Desai
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Pandit S, Cevher E, Zariwala MG, Somavarapu S, Alpar HO. Enhancement of immune response of HBsAg loaded poly (L-lactic acid) microspheres against Hepatitis B through incorporation of alum and chitosan. J Microencapsul 2008; 24:539-52. [PMID: 17654174 DOI: 10.1080/02652040701443700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) microparticles encapsulating Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with alum and chitosan were investigated for their potential as a vaccine delivery system. METHODS The microparticles, prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion solvent evaporation method with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or chitosan as the external phase stabilising agent showed a significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency of the antigen. RESULTS PLA-Alum and PLA-chitosan microparticles induced HBsAg serum specific IgG antibody responses significantly higher than PLA only microparticles and free antigen following subcutaneous administration. Chitosan not only imparted a positive charge to the surface of the microparticles but was also able to increase the serum specific IgG antibody responses significantly. CONCLUSIONS The cytokine assays showed that the serum IgG antibody response induced is different according to the formulation, indicated by the differential levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). The microparticles eliciting the highest IgG antibody response did not necessarily elicit the highest levels of the cytokines IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivas Pandit
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK
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