151
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Souza COS, Espíndola MS, Fontanari C, Prado MKB, Frantz FG, Rodrigues V, Gardinassi LG, Faccioli LH. CD18 Regulates Monocyte Hematopoiesis and Promotes Resistance to Experimental Schistosomiasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1970. [PMID: 30233576 PMCID: PMC6127275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Schistosoma mansoni causes a chronic parasitic disease that progress to severe liver and gastrointestinal damage, and eventually death. During its development into mammalian hosts, immature schistosomula transit through the lung vasculature before they reach the liver to mature into adult worms. A low grade inflammatory reaction is induced during this process. However, molecules that are required for efficient leukocyte accumulation in the lungs of S. mansoni-infected subjects are unknown. In addition, specific leukocyte subsets that mediate pulmonary response during S. mansoni migration through the lung remain to be elucidated. β2 integrins are fundamental regulators of leukocyte trans-endothelial migration and function. Therefore, we investigated their role during experimental schistosomiasis. Mice that express low levels of CD18 (the common β2 integrin subunit) and wild type C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously infected with S. mansoni cercariae. Cellular profiles of lungs and livers were evaluated in different time points after infection by flow cytometry. Low levels of CD18 affected the accumulation of patrolling Ly6Clow, intermediate Ly6Cinter monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in the lungs 7 days after infection. This correlated with increased TNF-α levels. Strikingly, low CD18 expression resulted in monocytopenia both in the peripheral blood and bone marrow during acute infection. After 48 days, S. mansoni worm burdens were higher in the hepatic portal system of CD18low mice, which also displayed reduced hepatic accumulation of patrolling Ly6Clow and intermediate Ly6Cinter, but not inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes. Higher parasite burden resulted in increased granulomatous lesions in the liver, increased egg deposition and enhanced mortality. Overall, our data point for a fundamental role of CD18 for monocyte hematopoiesis during infection, which promotes an efficient host response against experimental schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila O S Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena S Espíndola
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fontanari
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Morgana K B Prado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiani G Frantz
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Gardinassi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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152
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PSTPIP2 connects DNA methylation to macrophage polarization in CCL4-induced mouse model of hepatic fibrosis. Oncogene 2018; 37:6119-6135. [PMID: 29993036 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis (HF). In macrophages, epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly being recognized as crucial controllers of their phenotype. However, the functions of macrophage DNA methylation in experimental models of hepatic fibrosis have not been fully addressed. Here, we analyzed isolated hepatic macrophages DNA methylation from CCL4-induced (4 weeks) mice using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We identified and validated the methylation status of 26 gene promoter regions associated with CpG islands. We further investigated the function of PSTPIP2 in HF by hepatic-adeno-associated virus (AAV9)-PSTPIP2 overexpression. The molecular mechanisms underlying PSTPIPS2-regulated HF were further explored in mice and RAW264.7 cell line. RRBS results show hypermethylation of PSTPIP2 (chr18: 77,843,840-77,843,968) in the 5'-UTR region. PSTPIP2 expression was significantly decreased in isolated hepatic macrophages from CCL4-induced mice. PSTPIP2 hypermethylation is mediated by the methyltransferases DNMT3a and DNMT3b in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line. Further investigation indicated that specific overexpression of PSTPIP2 in C57BL/6 mice reduced the inflammatory response and ameliorated liver fibrosis. These data indicated that hypermethylation of PSTPIP2 caused a mixed induction of hepatic classical macrophage (M1) and alternative macrophage (M2) biomarkers in CCL4-induced HF mice. Furthermore, overexpression of PSTPIP2 inhibited the expression of M1 markers by suppressing STAT1 activity, and enhanced the expression of M2 markers by promoting STAT6 activity. In contrast, knockdown of PSTPIP2 promoted M1 polarization and suppressed M2 polarization in vitro. Adding PSTPIP2 expression alleviates liver fibrosis and hepatic inflammation in mice by regulating macrophage polarization.
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153
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Macrophage Activation and Functions during Helminth Infection: Recent Advances from the Laboratory Mouse. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2790627. [PMID: 30057915 PMCID: PMC6051086 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2790627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic innate immune cells that adopt an important diversity of phenotypes in response to environmental cues. Helminth infections induce strong type 2 cell-mediated immune responses, characterized among other things by production of high levels of interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-13. Alternative activation of macrophages by IL-4 in vitro was described as an opposite phenotype of classically activated macrophages, but the in vivo reality is much more complex. Their exact activation state as well as the role of these cells and associated molecules in type 2 immune responses remains to be fully understood. We can take advantage of a variety of helminth models available, each of which have their own feature including life cycle, site of infection, or pathological mechanisms influencing macrophage biology. Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection.
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154
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Roig J, Saiz ML, Galiano A, Trelis M, Cantalapiedra F, Monteagudo C, Giner E, Giner RM, Recio MC, Bernal D, Sánchez-Madrid F, Marcilla A. Extracellular Vesicles From the Helminth Fasciola hepatica Prevent DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in a T-Lymphocyte Independent Mode. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1036. [PMID: 29875750 PMCID: PMC5974114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) has led to the quest of empirically drug therapies, combining immunosuppressant agents, biological therapy and modulators of the microbiota. Helminth parasites have been proposed as an alternative treatment of these diseases based on the hygiene hypothesis, but ethical and medical problems arise. Recent reports have proved the utility of parasite materials, mainly excretory/secretory products as therapeutic agents. The identification of extracellular vesicles on those secreted products opens a new field of investigation, since they exert potent immunomodulating effects. To assess the effect of extracellular vesicles produced by helminth parasites to treat ulcerative colitis, we have analyzed whether extracellular vesicles produced by the parasitic helminth Fasciola hepatica can prevent colitis induced by chemical agents in a mouse model. Adult parasites were cultured in vitro and secreted extracellular vesicles were purified and used for immunizing both wild type C57BL/6 and RAG1-/- mice. Control and immunized mice groups were treated with dextran sulfate sodium 7 days after last immunization to promote experimental colitis. The severity of colitis was assessed by disease activity index and histopathological scores. Mucosal cytokine expression was evaluated by ELISA. The activation of NF-kB, COX-2, and MAPK were evaluated by immunoblotting. Administration of extracellular vesicles from F. hepatica ameliorates the pathological symptoms reducing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interfering with both MAPK and NF-kB pathways. Interestingly, the observed effects do not seem to be mediated by T-cells. Our results indicate that extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths can modulate immune responses in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, exerting a protective effect that should be mediated by other cells distinct from B- and T-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Roig
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria L Saiz
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Galiano
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria Trelis
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Fernando Cantalapiedra
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Veterinari de Salut Pública, Centre de Salut Pública de Manises, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Giner
- Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rosa M Giner
- Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M C Recio
- Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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155
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Transcriptional landscape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6758. [PMID: 29712924 PMCID: PMC5928056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection reveals complex and dynamic host-pathogen interactions, leading to host protection or pathogenesis. Using a unique transcriptome technology (CAGE), we investigated the promoter-based transcriptional landscape of IFNγ (M1) or IL-4/IL-13 (M2) stimulated macrophages during Mtb infection in a time-kinetic manner. Mtb infection widely and drastically altered macrophage-specific gene expression, which is far larger than that of M1 or M2 activations. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for Mtb-induced differentially expressed genes revealed various terms, related to host-protection and inflammation, enriched in up-regulated genes. On the other hand, terms related to dis-regulation of cellular functions were enriched in down-regulated genes. Differential expression analysis revealed known as well as novel transcription factor genes in Mtb infection, many of them significantly down-regulated. IFNγ or IL-4/IL-13 pre-stimulation induce additional differentially expressed genes in Mtb-infected macrophages. Cluster analysis uncovered significant numbers, prolonging their expressional changes. Furthermore, Mtb infection augmented cytokine-mediated M1 and M2 pre-activations. In addition, we identified unique transcriptional features of Mtb-mediated differentially expressed lncRNAs. In summary we provide a comprehensive in depth gene expression/regulation profile in Mtb-infected macrophages, an important step forward for a better understanding of host-pathogen interaction dynamics in Mtb infection.
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156
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Yu Y, Wang D, Li H, Liu Y, Xiang Z, Wu J, Jing X. IPSC‑MSC inhibition assessment in Raw 264.7 cells following oxygen and glucose deprivation reveals a distinct function for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8212-8220. [PMID: 29658608 PMCID: PMC5983996 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a serious stress state. The nervous system is less tolerant to hypoxia, and cell death due to hypoxia is irreversible. With the incidence of cardiovascular disease gradually increasing, the sudden cardiac death rate is additionally increasing. Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important development, recovery is frequently poor. In a successful recovery population, ~40% of the population was in a vegetative state or subsequently succumbed to their condition, and ~20% had brain damage. Therefore, the recovery of the brain is of particular importance in CPR. Immune disorders are one of the major mechanisms of cerebral resuscitation following CPR. Studies have demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IPSC-MSCs) have a strong immune regulatory effect during tissue repair and anti-inflammatory effects. IPSC-MSCs may inhibit the inflammatory response by means of the inflammatory reaction network to improve brain function following CPR, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Macrophages are a bridge between innate immune and specific immune responses in the body; therefore, it was hypothesized that macrophages may be the important effector cell of the role of IPSC-MSCs in improving brain function following recovery of spontaneous respiration and circulation subsequent to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the present study, IPSC-MSCs were applied to the oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model. It was observed that intervention with IPSC-MSCs was able to alter the polarization direction of macrophages. The difference in the proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages was statistically significant at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h (P=0.037, P<0.05) in the OGD + IPSC-MSCs group (M1, 33.48±5.6%; M2, 50.84±6.9%) and in the OGD group (M1, 83.55±7.3%; M2, 11.41±3.2%), and over time this trend was more obvious. The polarization direction of macrophages is associated with the neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (Notch-1) signaling pathway. In conclusion, it was observed that IPSC-MSCs may be associated with altered macrophage polarization, which may be accomplished by inhibiting the Notch-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery and Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Xiang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Junlin Wu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Jing
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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157
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Motran CC, Silvane L, Chiapello LS, Theumer MG, Ambrosio LF, Volpini X, Celias DP, Cervi L. Helminth Infections: Recognition and Modulation of the Immune Response by Innate Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:664. [PMID: 29670630 PMCID: PMC5893867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of helminths in the host over long periods of time is the result of a process of adaptation or dynamic co-evolution between the host and the parasite. However, infection with helminth parasites causes damage to the host tissues producing the release of danger signals that induce the recruitment of various cells, including innate immune cells such as macrophages (Mo), dendritic cells (DCs), eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. In this scenario, these cells are able to secrete soluble factors, which orchestrate immune effector mechanisms that depend on the different niches these parasites inhabit. Here, we focus on recent advances in the knowledge of excretory-secretory products (ESP), resulting from helminth recognition by DCs and Mo. Phagocytes and other cells types such as innate lymphocyte T cells 2 (ILC2), when activated by ESP, participate in an intricate cytokine network to generate innate and adaptive Th2 responses. In this review, we also discuss the mechanisms of innate immune cell-induced parasite killing and the tissue repair necessary to assure helminth survival over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina Motran
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Silvane
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Silvina Chiapello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martin Gustavo Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Fernanda Ambrosio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ximena Volpini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daiana Pamela Celias
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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158
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Turner JD, Pionnier N, Furlong-Silva J, Sjoberg H, Cross S, Halliday A, Guimaraes AF, Cook DAN, Steven A, Van Rooijen N, Allen JE, Jenkins SJ, Taylor MJ. Interleukin-4 activated macrophages mediate immunity to filarial helminth infection by sustaining CCR3-dependent eosinophilia. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006949. [PMID: 29547639 PMCID: PMC5874077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are effectors in immunity to tissue helminths but also induce allergic immunopathology. Mechanisms of eosinophilia in non-mucosal tissues during infection remain unresolved. Here we identify a pivotal function of tissue macrophages (Mϕ) in eosinophil anti-helminth immunity using a BALB/c mouse intra-peritoneal Brugia malayi filarial infection model. Eosinophilia, via C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)3, was necessary for immunity as CCR3 and eosinophil impairments rendered mice susceptible to chronic filarial infection. Post-infection, peritoneal Mϕ populations proliferated and became alternatively-activated (AAMϕ). Filarial AAMϕ development required adaptive immunity and interleukin-4 receptor-alpha. Depletion of Mϕ prior to infection suppressed eosinophilia and facilitated worm survival. Add back of filarial AAMϕ in Mϕ-depleted mice recapitulated a vigorous eosinophilia. Transfer of filarial AAMϕ into Severe-Combined Immune Deficient mice mediated immunological resistance in an eosinophil-dependent manner. Exogenous IL-4 delivery recapitulated tissue AAMϕ expansions, sustained eosinophilia and mediated immunological resistance in Mϕ-intact SCID mice. Co-culturing Brugia with filarial AAMϕ and/or filarial-recruited eosinophils confirmed eosinophils as the larvicidal cell type. Our data demonstrates that IL-4/IL-4Rα activated AAMϕ orchestrate eosinophil immunity to filarial tissue helminth infection. Helminths parasitize approximately one quarter of the global population. Medically-important helminths, including filariae responsible for elephantiasis and river blindness, are targeted for elimination as a public health problem. Currently there are no vaccines or immunotherapeutics available for filarial worms or other human helminth pathogens. Here we define a cellular mechanism whereby the interlukin-4 dependent activation of tissue macrophages are essential to sustain the recruitment of larvicidal eosinophil granulocytes, leading to immunity against filarial infection at a sterile tissue site of parasitism. This work delineates the relative non-redundant functional roles of both myeloid cell types in ‘type-2’ immunity to helminth infection. The study represents a mechanistic advance in our understanding of how immunity operates against metazoan macroparasites invading sterile tissues and may be used in the rational design of new therapeutics to limit helminth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Turner
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicolas Pionnier
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Furlong-Silva
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Sjoberg
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Cross
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Halliday
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ana F. Guimaraes
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Darren A. N. Cook
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Steven
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Van Rooijen
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Jenkins
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Taylor
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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159
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Poh AR, Ernst M. Targeting Macrophages in Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Front Oncol 2018; 8:49. [PMID: 29594035 PMCID: PMC5858529 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and orchestrate various aspects of immunity. Within tumors, macrophages can reversibly alter their endotype in response to environmental cues, including hypoxia and stimuli derived from other immune cells, as well as the extracellular matrix. Depending on their activation status, macrophages can exert dual influences on tumorigenesis by either antagonizing the cytotoxic activity immune cells or by enhancing antitumor responses. In most solid cancers, increased infiltration with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has long been associated with poor patient prognosis, highlighting their value as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer. A number of macrophage-centered approaches to anticancer therapy have been investigated, and include strategies to block their tumor-promoting activities or exploit their antitumor effector functions. Integrating therapeutic strategies to target TAMs to complement conventional therapies has yielded promising results in preclinical trials and warrants further investigation to determine its translational benefit in human cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-tumorigenic programming of macrophages and provide a comprehensive update of macrophage-targeted therapies for the treatment of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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160
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Weng SY, Wang X, Vijayan S, Tang Y, Kim YO, Padberg K, Regen T, Molokanova O, Chen T, Bopp T, Schild H, Brombacher F, Crosby JR, McCaleb ML, Waisman A, Bockamp E, Schuppan D. IL-4 Receptor Alpha Signaling through Macrophages Differentially Regulates Liver Fibrosis Progression and Reversal. EBioMedicine 2018; 29:92-103. [PMID: 29463471 PMCID: PMC5925448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis leads to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Macrophages play a key role in fibrosis progression and reversal. However, the signals that determine fibrogenic vs fibrolytic macrophage function remain ill defined. We studied the role of interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), a potential central switch of macrophage polarization, in liver fibrosis progression and reversal. We demonstrate that inflammatory monocyte infiltration and liver fibrogenesis were suppressed in general IL-4Rα−/− as well as in macrophage-specific IL-4Rα−/− (IL-4RαΔLysM) mice. However, with deletion of IL-4RαΔLysM spontaneous fibrosis reversal was retarded. Results were replicated by pharmacological intervention using IL-4Rα-specific antisense oligonucleotides. Retarded resolution was linked to the loss of M2-type resident macrophages, which secreted MMP-12 through IL-4 and IL-13-mediated phospho-STAT6 activation. We conclude that IL-4Rα signaling regulates macrophage functional polarization in a context-dependent manner. Pharmacological targeting of macrophage polarization therefore requires disease stage-specific treatment strategies. Research in Context Alternative (M2-type) macrophage activation through IL-4Rα promotes liver inflammation and fibrosis progression but speeds up fibrosis reversal. This demonstrates context dependent, opposing roles of M2-type macrophages. During reversal IL-4Rα induces fibrolytic MMPs, especially MMP-12, through STAT6. Liver-specific antisense oligonucleotides efficiently block IL-4Rα expression and attenuate fibrosis progression. IL-4Rα is considered a central switch for alternative macrophage polarization. IL-4Rα on macrophages is shown to differentially regulate liver fibrosis progression vs reversal. Therapeutic IL-4Rα antisense oligonucleotides replicate these findings. MMP-12 induced via macrophage IL-4Rα is a key promoter of fibrosis reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yen Weng
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Santosh Vijayan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yilang Tang
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kornelius Padberg
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Olena Molokanova
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Ari Waisman
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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161
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Abstract
Granulomas are organized aggregates of macrophages, often with characteristic morphological changes, and other immune cells. These evolutionarily ancient structures form in response to persistent particulate stimuli-infectious or noninfectious-that individual macrophages cannot eradicate. Granulomas evolved as protective responses to destroy or sequester particles but are frequently pathological in the context of foreign bodies, infections, and inflammatory diseases. We summarize recent findings that suggest that the granulomatous response unfolds in a stepwise program characterized by a series of macrophage activations and transformations that in turn recruit additional cells and produce structural changes. We explore why different granulomas vary and the reasons that granulomas are protective and pathogenic. Understanding the mechanisms and role of granuloma formation may uncover new therapies for the multitude of granulomatous diseases that constitute serious medical problems while enhancing the protective function of granulomas in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Pagán
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; , .,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; , .,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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162
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Kim YH, Lee JR, Hahn MJ. Regulation of inflammatory gene expression in macrophages by epithelial-stromal interaction 1 (Epsti1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:778-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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163
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House dust mite induced allergic airway disease is attenuated in CD11c creIL-4Rα -/l° x mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:885. [PMID: 29343807 PMCID: PMC5772663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms leading to development of T helper type (Th)2-driven allergic responses are unknown. We aimed to determine how IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signaling on CD11c+ cells influences allergen-induced Th2 responses in mice. CD11ccreIL-4Rα−/l°x mice, deficient in IL-4Rα on dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages, were compared to IL-4Rα−/l°x littermate controls in models of allergic airway disease induced by OVA/alum, OVA alone or house dust mite. Cytokine responses, eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, airway hyperreactivity and mucus hypersecretion were evaluated after allergen challenge. In the OVA/alum model, CD11ccreIL-4Rα−/lox mice had similar airway hyperreactivity, eosinophil infiltration, Th2-type cytokine production and mucus hypersecretion to littermate controls. When alum was omitted during sensitization, CD11ccreIL-4Rα−/lox mice had similar airway hyperreactivity and mucus secretion but reduced Th2-type cytokine production and eosinophils, suggesting alum overrides the requirement for IL-4Rα signaling on CD11c+ cells in enhancing Th2-type responses. In the house dust mite model, CD11ccreIL-4Rα−/lox mice showed similar mucus secretion, but reduced Th2 responses, eosinophils, neutrophils and airway hyperreactivity, unlike previously tested LysMcreIL-4Rα−/lox mice, which lack IL-4Rα on alveolar macrophages but not on dendritic cells. Therefore, our results indicate that IL-4Rα signaling on dendritic cells promotes allergen-induced Th2 responses and eosinophil infiltration into the lung.
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164
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Abstract
The Cre/loxP system is a widely applied technology for site-specific genetic manipulation in mice. This system allows for deletion of the genes of interest in specific cells, tissues, and whole organism to generate a diversity of conditional knockout mouse strains. Additionally, the Cre/loxP system is useful for development of cell- and tissue-specific reporter mice for lineage tracing, and cell-specific conditional depletion models in mice. Recently, the Cre/loxP technique was extensively adopted to characterize the monocyte/macrophage biology in mouse models. Compared to other relatively homogenous immune cell types such as neutrophils, mast cells, and basophils, monocytes/macrophages represent a highly heterogeneous population which lack specific markers or transcriptional factors. Though great efforts have been made toward establishing macrophage-specific Cre driver mice in the past decade, all of the current available strains are not perfect with regard to their depletion efficiency and targeting specificity for endogenous macrophages. Here we overview the commonly used Cre driver mouse strains targeting macrophages and discuss their major applications and limitations.
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165
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Li C, Xu MM, Wang K, Adler AJ, Vella AT, Zhou B. Macrophage polarization and meta-inflammation. Transl Res 2018; 191:29-44. [PMID: 29154757 PMCID: PMC5776711 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic overnutrition and obesity induces low-grade inflammation throughout the body. Termed "meta-inflammation," this chronic state of inflammation is mediated by macrophages located within the colon, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. A sentinel orchestrator of immune activity and homeostasis, macrophages adopt variable states of activation as a function of time and environmental cues. Meta-inflammation phenotypically skews these polarization states and has been linked to numerous metabolic disorders. The past decade has revealed several key regulators of macrophage polarization, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription family, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, the CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) family, and the interferon regulatory factors. Recent studies have also suggested that microRNAs and long noncoding RNA influence macrophage polarization. The pathogenic alteration of macrophage polarization in meta-inflammation is regulated by both extracellular and intracellular cues, resulting in distinct secretome profiles. Meta-inflammation-altered macrophage polarization has been linked to insulin insensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. Thus, further mechanistic exploration into the skewing of macrophage polarization promises to have profound impacts on improving global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
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166
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Harris NL, Loke P. Recent Advances in Type-2-Cell-Mediated Immunity: Insights from Helminth Infection. Immunity 2017; 47:1024-1036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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167
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Cui X, Mino T, Yoshinaga M, Nakatsuka Y, Hia F, Yamasoba D, Tsujimura T, Tomonaga K, Suzuki Y, Uehata T, Takeuchi O. Regnase-1 and Roquin Nonredundantly Regulate Th1 Differentiation Causing Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4066-4077. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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168
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Hurdayal R, Brombacher F. Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha: From Innate to Adaptive Immunity in Murine Models of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1354. [PMID: 29176972 PMCID: PMC5686050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα), ubiquitously expressed on both innate and adaptive immune cells, controls the signaling of archetypal type 2 immune regulators; IL-4 and IL-13, which elicit their signaling action by the type 1 IL-4Rα/gamma common and/or the type 2 IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα complexes. Global gene-deficient mouse models targeting IL-4, IL-13, or the IL-4Rα chain, followed by the development of conditional mice and generation of important cell-type-specific IL-4Rα-deficient mouse models, were indeed critical to gaining in-depth understanding of detrimental T helper (Th) 2 mechanisms in type 1-controlled diseases. A primary example being cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania major, among others. The disease is characterized by localized self-healing cutaneous lesions and necrosis for which, currently, not a single vaccine has made it to a stage that can be considered effective. The spectrum of human leishmaniasis belongs to the top 10 infectious diseases according to the World Health Organization. As such, 350 million humans are at risk of infection and disease, with an incidence of 1.5–2 million new cases being reported annually. A major aim of our research is to identify correlates of host protection and evasion, which may aid in vaccine design and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we focus on the immune-regulatory role of the IL-4Rα chain from innate immune responses to the development of beneficial type 1 and detrimental type 2 adaptive immune responses during cutaneous Leishmania infection. We discuss the cell-specific requirements of the IL-4Rα chain on crucial innate immune cells during L. major infection, including, IL-4Rα-responsive skin keratinocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as dendritic cells (DCs). The latter, contributing to one of the paradigm shifts with respect to the role of IL-4 instructing DCs in vivo, to promote Th1 responses against L. major. Finally, we extend these innate responses and mechanisms to control of adaptive immunity and the effect of IL-4Rα-responsiveness on T and B lymphocytes orchestrating the development of CD4+ Th1/Th2 and B effector 1/B effector 2 B cells in response to L. major infection in the murine host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Hurdayal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
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169
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Aravindhan V, Anand G. Cell Type-Specific Immunomodulation Induced by Helminthes: Effect on Metainflammation, Insulin Resistance and Type-2 Diabetes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1650-1661. [PMID: 29141759 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have documented an inverse relationship between the decreasing prevalence of helminth infections and the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases ("metabolic hygiene hypothesis"). Chronic inflammation leading to insulin resistance (IR) has now been identified as a major etiological factor for a variety of metabolic diseases other than obesity and Type-2 diabetes (metainflammation). One way by which helminth infections such as filariasis can modulate IR is by inducing a chronic, nonspecific, low-grade, immune suppression mediated by modified T-helper 2 (Th2) response (induction of both Th2 and regulatory T cells) which can in turn suppress the proinflammatory responses and promote insulin sensitivity (IS). This article provides evidence on how the cross talk between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune responses can modulate IR/sensitivity. The cross talk between innate (macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, innate lymphoid cells, basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) and adaptive (helper T [CD4+] cells, cytotoxic T [CD8+] cells and B cells) immune cells forms two opposing circuits, one associated with IR and the other associated with IS under the conditions of metabolic syndrome and helminth-mediated immunomodulation, respectively.
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170
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Denisenko E, Guler R, Mhlanga MM, Suzuki H, Brombacher F, Schmeier S. Genome-wide profiling of transcribed enhancers during macrophage activation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:50. [PMID: 29061167 PMCID: PMC5654053 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are sentinel cells essential for tissue homeostasis and host defence. Owing to their plasticity, macrophages acquire a range of functional phenotypes in response to microenvironmental stimuli, of which M(IFN-γ) and M(IL-4/IL-13) are well known for their opposing pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. Enhancers have emerged as regulatory DNA elements crucial for transcriptional activation of gene expression. RESULTS Using cap analysis of gene expression and epigenetic data, we identify on large-scale transcribed enhancers in bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages, their time kinetics, and target protein-coding genes. We observe an increase in target gene expression, concomitant with increasing numbers of associated enhancers, and find that genes associated with many enhancers show a shift towards stronger enrichment for macrophage-specific biological processes. We infer enhancers that drive transcriptional responses of genes upon M(IFN-γ) and M(IL-4/IL-13) macrophage activation and demonstrate stimuli specificity of regulatory associations. Finally, we show that enhancer regions are enriched for binding sites of inflammation-related transcription factors, suggesting a link between stimuli response and enhancer transcriptional control. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into genome-wide enhancer-mediated transcriptional control of macrophage genes, including those implicated in macrophage activation, and offers a detailed genome-wide catalogue of transcribed enhancers in bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Denisenko
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Albany, Auckland, 0632 New Zealand
| | - Reto Guler
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
| | - Musa M. Mhlanga
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, CSIR Synthetic Biology ERA, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
- Division of Chemical Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
| | - Sebastian Schmeier
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Albany, Auckland, 0632 New Zealand
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171
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Li YQ, Chen YF, Dang YP, Wang Y, Shang ZZ, Ma Q, Wang YJ, Zhang J, Luo L, Li QQ, Zhao L. Corilagin Counteracts IL-13Rα1 Signaling Pathway in Macrophages to Mitigate Schistosome Egg-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:443. [PMID: 29094025 PMCID: PMC5651236 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway and M2 macrophages play crucial roles in schistosome egg-induced hepatic fibrosis via the expression of pro-fibrotic molecules. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of action of corilagin on schistosome egg-induced hepatic fibrosis via the IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway in M2 macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA and protein expression of IL-13Rα1, PPARγ, KLF4, SOCS1, STAT6, p-STAT6, and TGF-β was measured in vitro with corilagin treatment after IL-13 stimulation and in vivo corilagin treatment after effectively killing the adult schistosomes in schistosome-infected mice. Histological analysis of liver tissue was assessed for the degree of hepatic fibrosis. The results revealed that corilagin significantly reduced the expression of PPARγ, KLF4, SOCS1, p-STAT6, and TGF-β compared with model group and praziquantel administration (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) in vivo and in vitro, which indicated a strong inhibitory effect of corilagin on IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway. As well, the inhibitory effect of corilagin showed a significant dose-dependence (p < 0.05). The area of fibrosis and distribution of M2 macrophages in mouse liver tissue were reduced significantly and dose-dependently with corilagin treatment compared to model group or praziquantel administration (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), indicating that corilagin suppressed IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway and M2 macrophage polarization effectively in vivo. Furthermore, the anti-fibrogenic effect persisted even when IL-13Rα1 was up- or down-regulated in vitro. In conclusion, corilagin can suppress schistosome egg-induced hepatic fibrosis via inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization in the IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Fei Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Ping Dang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Shang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan-Qiang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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172
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Marconato DG, Gusmão MADN, Melo J, Castro JMDA, Macedo GC, Vasconcelos EG, Faria-Pinto P. Antischistosome antibodies change NTPDase 1 activity from macrophages. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. G. Marconato
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - M. A. do N. Gusmão
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - J. Melo
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Microbiology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - J. M. de A. Castro
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Microbiology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - G. C. Macedo
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Microbiology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - E. G. Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - P. Faria-Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
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173
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Descatoire M, Hurrell BP, Govender M, Passelli K, Martinez-Salazar B, Hurdayal R, Brombacher F, Guler R, Tacchini-Cottier F. IL-4Rα Signaling in Keratinocytes and Early IL-4 Production Are Dispensable for Generating a Curative T Helper 1 Response in Leishmania major-Infected C57BL/6 Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1265. [PMID: 29067025 PMCID: PMC5641309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania major has been extensively used to understand the mechanisms involved in T helper cell differentiation. Following infection, C57BL/6 mice develop a small self-healing cutaneous lesion and they are able to control parasite burden, a process linked to the development of T helper (Th) 1 cells. The local presence of IL-12 has been reported to be critical in driving Th1 cell differentiation. In addition, the early secretion of IL-4 was reported to potentially contribute to Th1 cell differentiation. Following infection with L. major, early keratinocyte-derived IL-4 was suggested to contribute to Th1 cell differentiation. To investigate a putative autocrine role of IL-4 signaling on keratinocytes at the site of infection, we generated C57BL/6 mice deficient for IL-4Rα expression selectively in keratinocytes. Upon infection with L. major, these mice could control their inflammatory lesion and parasite load correlating with the development of Th1 effector cells. These data demonstrate that IL-4 signaling on keratinocytes does not contribute to Th1 cell differentiation. To further investigate the source of IL-4 in the skin during the first days after L. major infection, we used C57BL/6 IL-4 reporter mice allowing the visualization of IL-4 mRNA expression and protein production. These mice were infected with L. major. During the first 3 days after infection, skin IL-4 mRNA expression was observed selectively in mast cells. However, no IL-4 protein production was detectable locally. In addition, early IL-4 blockade locally had no impact on subsequent Th1 cell differentiation and control of the disease. Taken together, the present data rule out a major role for skin IL-4 and keratinocyte IL-4Rα signaling in the development of a Th1 protective immune response following experimental infection with L. major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Descatoire
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO-Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin P Hurrell
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO-Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Govender
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katiuska Passelli
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO-Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Berenice Martinez-Salazar
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ramona Hurdayal
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Reto Guler
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO-Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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174
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Wang L, Hu S, Liu Q, Li Y, Xu L, Zhang Z, Cai X, He X. Porcine alveolar macrophage polarization is involved in inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1906-1915. [PMID: 28924090 PMCID: PMC5709573 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a process by which macrophages acquire a distinct phenotypic and functional profile in response to microenvironmental signals. The classically and alternatively activated (M1 and M2, respectively)
macrophage phenotypes are defined by the specific molecular characteristics induced in response to prototypic pro- and anti-inflammatory cues. In this study, we used LPS/IFN-γ and IL-4 to stimulate porcine alveolar macrophages
(PAMs) in vitro and investigated the expression changes of several novel markers during macrophage polarization. Notably, we found that LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated PAMs express prototypical M1 molecules, whereas
IL-4-stimulated PAMs express M2 molecules. We also demonstrated that replication of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain HuN4 was effectively suppressed in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated
M1 PAMs (M1 type), but not IL-4 stimulated M2 PAMs. However, this was not observed with the classic, less pathogenic CH-1a strain. Moreover, we found that M2 marker expression gradually increased after PAM infection with PRRSV,
whereas no significant changes were found with M1 marker expression, suggesting that PRRSV infection may skew macrophage polarization towards an M2 phenotype. Finally, we found that anti-viral cytokine expression was significantly
higher in M1 macrophages than in M2 macrophages or nonpolarized controls. In summary, our results show that PRRSV replication was significantly impaired in M1 PAMs, which may serve as a foundation for further understanding of the
dynamic phenotypic changes during macrophage polarization and their effects on viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shouping Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yiru Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lu Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.,Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xijun He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
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175
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IL-4-producing B cells regulate T helper cell dichotomy in type 1- and type 2-controlled diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8430-E8439. [PMID: 28916732 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced T helper (Th) 2 cells promote susceptibility to the protozoan parasite Leishmania major, while conferring immunity to the intestinal trematode Schistosoma mansoni Here, we report that abrogation of IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signaling on B cells in BALB/c mice (mb1creIL-4Rα-/lox) transformed nonhealer BALB/c to a healer phenotype with an early type 1 and dramatically reduced type 2 immune response and an absence of ulceration and necrosis during cutaneous leishmaniasis. From adoptive reconstitution and mixed bone-marrow chimera studies in B cell-deficient (µMT) mice, we reveal a central role for B cell-derived IL-4 and IL-4Rα in the optimal induction of the susceptible type 2 phenotype to L. major infection. We further demonstrate that the absence of IL-4Rα signaling on B cells exacerbated S. mansoni-induced mortality and pathology in BALB/c mice, due to a diminished type 2 immune response. In both disease models, IL-4Rα-responsive B cells displayed increased IL-4 production as early as day 1 after infection. Together, these results demonstrate that IL-4-producing and IL-4Rα-responsive B cells are critical in regulating and assisting early T helper dichotomy toward Th2 responses, which are detrimental in cutaneous leishmaniasis but beneficial in acute schistosomiasis.
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176
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Nono JK, Ndlovu H, Aziz NA, Mpotje T, Hlaka L, Brombacher F. Host regulation of liver fibroproliferative pathology during experimental schistosomiasis via interleukin-4 receptor alpha. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005861. [PMID: 28827803 PMCID: PMC5578697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) is critical for the initiation of type-2 immune responses and implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental schistosomiasis. IL-4Rα mediated type-2 responses are critical for the control of pathology during acute schistosomiasis. However, type-2 responses tightly associate with fibrogranulomatous inflammation that drives host pathology during chronic schistosomiasis. To address such controversy on the role of IL-4Rα, we generated a novel inducible IL-4Rα-deficient mouse model that allows for temporal knockdown of il-4rα gene after oral administration of Tamoxifen. Interrupting IL-4Rα mediated signaling during the acute phase impaired the development of protective type-2 immune responses, leading to rapid weight loss and premature death, confirming a protective role of IL-4Rα during acute schistosomiasis. Conversely, IL-4Rα removal at the chronic phase of schistosomiasis ameliorated the pathological fibro-granulomatous pathology and reversed liver scarification without affecting the host fitness. This amelioration of the morbidity was accompanied by a reduced Th2 response and increased frequencies of FoxP3+ Tregs and CD1dhiCD5+ Bregs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that IL-4Rα mediated signaling has two opposing functions during experimental schistosomiasis depending on the stage of advancement of the disease and indicate that interrupting IL-4Rα mediated signaling is a viable therapeutic strategy to ameliorate liver fibroproliferative pathology in diseases like chronic schistosomiasis. Liver fibroproliferative diseases drive a considerable fraction of the overall human mortality. This is closely linked to the absence of efficient control measures against such diseases. Schistosomiasis, a chronic disease that affects humans, preferentially causes liver fibrosis and is responsible for devastating economic losses in developing nations where the disease is still endemic. Using reverse genetics, loss-of-function mouse models have helped uncover a protective role for Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) in the host survival to experimental schistosomiasis. However, given the contributing role for this receptor in the etiology of some models of tissue fibrosis, its role during chronic schistosomiasis where the highly fibrotic liver of the infected individuals mediate the morbidity had not been properly addressed hitherto. Taking advantage of a third generation mouse model of inducible loss of a gene, we found a debilitating role for IL-4 receptor during chronic schistosomiasis as signaling via this receptor supported both liver inflammation and fibrosis. These findings demonstrate that although the host requires IL-4Rα to survive the acute phase of schistosomiasis, the more clinically relevant morbid phase of the disease is driven by the excessive utilization of this receptor. A therapeutic potential of blocking IL-4Rα to ameliorate liver fibroproliferative disease is therefore suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Komguep Nono
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nada Abdel Aziz
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Thabo Mpotje
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lerato Hlaka
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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177
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Xu J, Tao B, Guo X, Zhou S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Cheng H, Zhang X, Ke Y. Macrophage-Restricted Shp2 Tyrosine Phosphatase Acts as a Rheostat for MMP12 through TGF-β Activation in the Prevention of Age-Related Emphysema in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2323-2332. [PMID: 28814604 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent activation of macrophages in lungs plays a critical role in the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that contributes to the destruction of alveolar walls, a hallmark for pulmonary emphysema. Dysregulated TGF-β1 signaling has been an essential determinant in the elevation of MMPs during the development of emphysema. Nevertheless, the mechanism for this MMP-dependent pathogenesis has yet to be clearly investigated. Recently, we identified an important role for tyrosine phosphatase Src homology domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2) in regulating the activation of alveolar macrophages. Over a long-term observation period, mice with Shp2 deletion in macrophages (LysMCre:Shp2fl/fl ) develop spontaneous, progressive emphysema-like injury in the lungs, characterized by massive destruction of alveolar morphology, interstitial extracellular matrix degradation, and elevated levels of MMPs, particularly, significant increases of macrophage elastase (MMP12) in aged mice. Further analysis demonstrated that MMP12 suppression by TGF-β1 activation was apparently abrogated in LysMCre:Shp2fl/fl mice, whereas the TGF-β1 concentration in the lungs was relatively the same. Mechanistically, we found that loss of Shp2 resulted in attenuated SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in response to TGF-β activation, thereby upregulating MMP12 expression in macrophages. Together, our findings define a novel physiological function of Shp2 in TGF-β1/MMP12-dependent emphysema, adding insights into potential etiologies for this chronic lung disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yongda Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zanhua Zhou
- College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China; and
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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178
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Xu Z, Xu L, Li W, Jin X, Song X, Chen X, Zhu J, Zhou S, Li Y, Zhang W, Dong X, Yang X, Liu F, Bai H, Chen Q, Su C. Innate scavenger receptor-A regulates adaptive T helper cell responses to pathogen infection. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16035. [PMID: 28695899 PMCID: PMC5508227 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptor (PRR) scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) has an important function in the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases and in innate immune responses to pathogen infections. However, little is known about the role of SR-A in the host adaptive immune responses to pathogen infection. Here we show with mouse models of helminth Schistosoma japonicum infection and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulation that SR-A is regulated by pathogens and suppresses IRF5 nuclear translocation by direct interaction. Reduced abundance of nuclear IRF5 shifts macrophage polarization from M1 towards M2, which subsequently switches T-helper responses from type 1 to type 2. Our study identifies a role for SR-A as an innate PRR in regulating adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xian Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yong Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chuan Su
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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179
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Guo X, Li T, Xu Y, Xu X, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Xu J, Xu K, Cheng H, Zhang X, Ke Y. Increased levels of Gab1 and Gab2 adaptor proteins skew interleukin-4 (IL-4) signaling toward M2 macrophage-driven pulmonary fibrosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14003-14015. [PMID: 28687632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.802066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
M2-polarized macrophages, also known as alternatively activated macrophages, have long been associated with pulmonary fibrosis; however, the mechanism has not been fully defined. Gab1 and Gab2 proteins belong to the Gab family of adaptors and are integral components of the signal specificity in response to various extracellular stimuli. In this report, we found that levels of both Gab1 and Gab2 were elevated in M2-polarized macrophages isolated from bleomycin-induced fibrotic lungs. In vitro Gab1/2 deficiency in bone marrow-derived macrophages abrogated IL-4-mediated M2 polarization. Furthermore, in vivo conditional removal of Gab1 (Gab1MyKO) and germ line knock-out of Gab2 (Gab2-/-) in macrophages prevented a bias toward the M2 phenotype and attenuated bleomycin-induced fibrotic lung remodeling. In support of these observations, Gab1/2 were involved in responses predominated by IL-4 signaling, an essential determinant for macrophage M2 polarization. Further investigation revealed that both Gab1 and -2 are recruited to the IL-4 receptor, synergistically enhancing downstream signal amplification but conferring IL-4 signal preference. Mechanistically, the loss of Gab1 attenuated AKT activation, whereas the absence of Gab2 suppressed STAT6 activation in response to IL-4 stimulation, both of which are commonly attributed to M2-driven pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Taken together, these observations define a non-redundant role of Gab docking proteins in M2 polarization, adding critical insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Guo
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tingting Li
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yun Xu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiayan Xu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Yuehai Ke
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
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180
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Mathy NW, Chen XM. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their transcriptional control of inflammatory responses. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12375-12382. [PMID: 28615453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.760884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potential key regulators of the inflammatory response, particularly by modulating the transcriptional control of inflammatory genes. lncRNAs may act as an enhancer or suppressor to inflammatory transcription, function as scaffold molecules through interactions with RNA-binding proteins in chromatin remodeling complexes, and modulate dynamic and epigenetic control of inflammatory transcription in a gene-specific and time-dependent fashion. Here, we will review recent literature regarding the role of lncRNAs in transcriptional control of inflammatory responses. Better understanding of lncRNA regulation of inflammation will provide novel targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Mathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.
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181
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Gundra UM, Girgis NM, Gonzalez MA, San Tang M, Van Der Zande HJP, Lin JD, Ouimet M, Ma LJ, Poles J, Vozhilla N, Fisher EA, Moore KJ, Loke P. Vitamin A mediates conversion of monocyte-derived macrophages into tissue-resident macrophages during alternative activation. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:642-653. [PMID: 28436955 PMCID: PMC5475284 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether activated inflammatory macrophages can adopt features of tissue-resident macrophages, or what mechanisms might mediate such a phenotypic conversion. Here we show that vitamin A is required for the phenotypic conversion of interleukin 4 (IL-4)-activated monocyte-derived F4/80intCD206+PD-L2+MHCII+ macrophages into macrophages with a tissue-resident F4/80hiCD206-PD-L2-MHCII-UCP1+ phenotype in the peritoneal cavity of mice and during the formation of liver granulomas in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The phenotypic conversion of F4/80intCD206+ macrophages into F4/80hiCD206- macrophages was associated with almost complete remodeling of the chromatin landscape, as well as alteration of the transcriptional profiles. Vitamin A-deficient mice infected with S. mansoni had disrupted liver granuloma architecture and increased mortality, which indicates that failure to convert macrophages from the F4/80intCD206+ phenotype to F4/80hiCD206- may lead to dysregulated inflammation during helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Mahesh Gundra
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natasha M Girgis
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mei San Tang
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jian-Da Lin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lily J Ma
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan Poles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nikollaq Vozhilla
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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182
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Pelly VS, Coomes SM, Kannan Y, Gialitakis M, Entwistle LJ, Perez-Lloret J, Czieso S, Okoye IS, Rückerl D, Allen JE, Brombacher F, Wilson MS. Interleukin 4 promotes the development of ex-Foxp3 Th2 cells during immunity to intestinal helminths. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1809-1826. [PMID: 28507062 PMCID: PMC5460998 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelly et al. use novel mouse reporter systems to show that a proportion of Th2 cells develop from Foxp3-expressing cells in an IL-4–dependent manner, highlighting the potential to subvert T reg cell–mediated suppression in favor of type 2 immunity. Immunity to intestinal helminth infections requires the rapid activation of T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells). However, simultaneous expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) impedes protective responses, resulting in chronic infections. The ratio between T reg and effector T cells can therefore determine the outcome of infection. The redifferentiation of T reg cells into Th cells has been identified in hyperinflammatory diseases. In this study, we asked whether ex–T reg Th2 cells develop and contribute to type-2 immunity. Using multigene reporter and fate-reporter systems, we demonstrate that a significant proportion of Th2 cells derive from Foxp3+ cells after Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection and airway allergy. Ex-Foxp3 Th2 cells exhibit characteristic Th2 effector functions and provide immunity to H. polygyrus. Through selective deletion of Il4ra on Foxp3+ cells, we further demonstrate IL-4 is required for the development of ex-Foxp3 Th2 cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that converting T reg cells into Th2 cells could concomitantly enhance Th2 cells and limit T reg cell–mediated suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S Pelly
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Stephanie M Coomes
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Yashaswini Kannan
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Manolis Gialitakis
- Ahr Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Lewis J Entwistle
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Jimena Perez-Lloret
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Stephanie Czieso
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Isobel S Okoye
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Faculty of Life Sciences (3IR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Faculty of Life Sciences (3IR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and South African Medical Research Council, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
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183
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Minutti CM, Jackson-Jones LH, García-Fojeda B, Knipper JA, Sutherland TE, Logan N, Ringqvist E, Guillamat-Prats R, Ferenbach DA, Artigas A, Stamme C, Chroneos ZC, Zaiss DM, Casals C, Allen JE. Local amplifiers of IL-4Rα-mediated macrophage activation promote repair in lung and liver. Science 2017; 356:1076-1080. [PMID: 28495878 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaj2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The type 2 immune response controls helminth infection and maintains tissue homeostasis but can lead to allergy and fibrosis if not adequately regulated. We have discovered local tissue-specific amplifiers of type 2-mediated macrophage activation. In the lung, surfactant protein A (SP-A) enhanced interleukin-4 (IL-4)-dependent macrophage proliferation and activation, accelerating parasite clearance and reducing pulmonary injury after infection with a lung-migrating helminth. In the peritoneal cavity and liver, C1q enhancement of type 2 macrophage activation was required for liver repair after bacterial infection, but resulted in fibrosis after peritoneal dialysis. IL-4 drives production of these structurally related defense collagens, SP-A and C1q, and the expression of their receptor, myosin 18A. These findings reveal the existence within different tissues of an amplification system needed for local type 2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Minutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029-Madrid, Spain.,School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Belén García-Fojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanna A Knipper
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Tara E Sutherland
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Nicola Logan
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029-Madrid, Spain.,Critical Care Centre, Corporació Sanitària Universitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Parc Taulí 1, 08208-Sabadell, Spain
| | - David A Ferenbach
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029-Madrid, Spain.,Critical Care Centre, Corporació Sanitària Universitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Parc Taulí 1, 08208-Sabadell, Spain
| | - Cordula Stamme
- Division of Cellular Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23845 Borstel, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, and Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Dietmar M Zaiss
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Cristina Casals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith E Allen
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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184
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Lechner AJ, Driver IH, Lee J, Conroy CM, Nagle A, Locksley RM, Rock JR. Recruited Monocytes and Type 2 Immunity Promote Lung Regeneration following Pneumonectomy. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:120-134.e7. [PMID: 28506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of immune cells in lung regeneration, we used a unilateral pneumonectomy model that promotes the formation of new alveoli in the remaining lobes. Immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing found CD115+ and CCR2+ monocytes and M2-like macrophages accumulating in the lung during the peak of type 2 alveolar epithelial stem cell (AEC2) proliferation. Genetic loss of function in mice and adoptive transfer studies revealed that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) traffic to the lung through a CCL2-CCR2 chemokine axis and are required for optimal lung regeneration, along with Il4ra-expressing leukocytes. Our data suggest that these cells modulate AEC2 proliferation and differentiation. Finally, we provide evidence that group 2 innate lymphoid cells are a source of IL-13, which promotes lung regeneration. Together, our data highlight the potential for immunomodulatory therapies to stimulate alveologenesis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lechner
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ian H Driver
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carmen M Conroy
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Abigail Nagle
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason R Rock
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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185
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Carneiro PJ, Clevelario AL, Padilha GA, Silva JD, Kitoko JZ, Olsen PC, Capelozzi VL, Rocco PRM, Cruz FF. Bosutinib Therapy Ameliorates Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis in Experimental Silicosis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:159. [PMID: 28360865 PMCID: PMC5350127 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease for which no effective therapy exists. We hypothesized that bosutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, might ameliorate inflammatory responses, attenuate pulmonary fibrosis, and thus improve lung function in experimental silicosis. For this purpose, we investigated the potential efficacy of bosutinib in the treatment of experimental silicosis induced in C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal administration of silica particles. After 15 days, once disease was established, animals were randomly assigned to receive DMSO or bosutinib (1 mg/kg/dose in 0.1 mL 1% DMSO) by oral gavage, twice daily for 14 days. On day 30, lung mechanics and morphometry, total and differential cell count in alveolar septa and granuloma, levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor in lung homogenate, M1 and M2 macrophages, total leukocytes, and T cells in BALF, lymph nodes, and thymus, and collagen fiber content in alveolar septa and granuloma were analyzed. In a separate in vitro experiment, RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to silica particles in the presence or absence of bosutinib. After 24 h, gene expressions of arginase-1, IL-10, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and caspase-3 were evaluated. In vivo, in silicotic animals, bosutinib, compared to DMSO, decreased: (1) fraction area of collapsed alveoli, (2) size and number of granulomas, and mononuclear cell granuloma infiltration; (3) IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β levels in lung homogenates, (4) collagen fiber content in lung parenchyma, and (5) viscoelastic pressure and static lung elastance. Bosutinib also reduced M1 cell counts while increasing M2 macrophage population in both lung parenchyma and granulomas. Total leukocyte, regulatory T, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts in the lung-draining lymph nodes also decreased with bosutinib therapy without affecting thymus cellularity. In vitro, bosutinib led to a decrease in IL-12 and iNOS and increase in IL-10, arginase-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. In conclusion, in the current model of silicosis, bosutinib therapy yielded beneficial effects on lung inflammation and remodeling, therefore resulting in lung mechanics improvement. Bosutinib may hold promise for silicosis; however, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila J Carneiro
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda L Clevelario
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Padilha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Johnatas D Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jamil Z Kitoko
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Immunology, Department of Toxicological and Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C Olsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Immunology, Department of Toxicological and Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera L Capelozzi
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Genomics, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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186
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Carr JS, King S, Dekaney CM. Depletion of enteric bacteria diminishes leukocyte infiltration following doxorubicin-induced small intestinal damage in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173429. [PMID: 28257503 PMCID: PMC5336284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims While enteric bacteria have been shown to play a critical role in other forms of intestinal damage, their role in mediating the response to the chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin (Doxo) is unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of intestinal bacterial depletion to evaluate the role enteric bacteria play in mediating Doxo-induced small intestinal damage and, more specifically, in mediating chemokine expression and leukocyte infiltration following Doxo treatment. An understanding of this pathway may allow for development of intervention strategies to reduce chemotherapy-induced small intestinal damage. Methods Mice were treated with (Abx) or without (NoAbx) oral antibiotics in drinking water for four weeks and then with Doxo. Jejunal tissues were collected at various time points following Doxo treatment and stained and analyzed for apoptosis, crypt damage and restitution, and macrophage and neutrophil number. In addition, RNA expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL1-β, IL-10) and cytokines (CCL2, CC7, KC) was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results In NoAbx mice Doxo-induced damage was associated with rapid induction of apoptosis in jejunal crypt epithelium and an increase weight loss and crypt loss. In addition, we observed an increase in immune-modulating chemokines CCL2, CCL7 and KC and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. In contrast, while still positive for induction of apoptosis following Doxo treatment, Abx mice showed neither the overall weight loss nor crypt loss seen in NoAbx mice nor the increased chemokine expression and leukocyte infiltration. Conclusion Enteric bacteria play a critical role in Doxo-induced small intestinal damage and are associated with an increase in immune-modulating chemokines and cells. Manipulation of enteric bacteria or the damage pathway may allow for prevention or treatment of chemotherapy-induced small intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn S. Carr
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie King
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Dekaney
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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187
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Differential Macrophage Polarization from Pneumocystis in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Hosts: Potential Adjunctive Therapy during Pneumonia. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00939-16. [PMID: 27993972 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00939-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored differential polarization of macrophages during infection using a rat model of Pneumocystis pneumonia. We observed enhanced pulmonary M1 macrophage polarization in immunosuppressed (IS) hosts, but an M2 predominant response in immunocompetent (IC) hosts following Pneumocystis carinii challenge. Increased inflammation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels characterized the M1 response. However, macrophage ability to produce nitric oxide was defective. In contrast, the lungs of IC animals revealed a prominent M2 gene signature, and these macrophages effectively elicited an oxidative burst associated with clearance of Pneumocystis In addition, during P. carinii infection the expression of Dectin-1, a critical receptor for recognition and clearance of P. carinii, was upregulated in macrophages of IC animals but suppressed in IS animals. In the absence of an appropriate cytokine milieu for M2 differentiation, Pneumocystis induced an M1 response both in vitro and in vivo The M1 response induced by P. carinii was plastic in nature and reversible with appropriate cytokine stimuli. Finally, we tested whether macrophage polarization can be modulated in vivo and used to help manage the pathogenesis of Pneumocystis pneumonia by adoptive transfer. Treatment with both M1 and M2 cells significantly improved survival of P. carinii-infected IS hosts. However, M2 treatment provided the best outcomes with efficient clearance of P. carinii and reduced inflammation.
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188
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Brombacher TM, Nono JK, De Gouveia KS, Makena N, Darby M, Womersley J, Tamgue O, Brombacher F. IL-13-Mediated Regulation of Learning and Memory. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2681-2688. [PMID: 28202615 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of proinflammatory cytokines in cognitive function has been investigated with both beneficial and possible detrimental effects, depending on the cytokine. More recently, the type 2 IL-4 has been demonstrated to play a role in cognition. In this study, using the Morris water maze task, we demonstrate that IL-13-deficient mice are significantly impaired in working memory as well as attenuated reference memory, both functions essential for effective complex learning. During the learning process, wild-type mice increased the number of CD4+ T cells in the meninges and production of IL-13, whereas neither Morris water maze-trained IL-4 nor trained IL-13-deficient mice were able to increase CD4+ T cells in the meninges. Mechanistically, we showed that IL-13 is able to stimulate primary astrocytes to produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which does foster cognitive functions. Moreover, Morris water maze-trained wild-type mice were able to increase astrocyte-produced glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus, which was impaired in Morris water maze-trained IL-4- and IL-13-deficient mice. Collectively, this study strongly suggests that the Th2 cytokines, not only IL-4 but also IL-13, are involved in cognitive functions by stimulating astrocytes from the meninges and hippocampus. These results may be important for future development of therapeutic approaches associated with neurologic disorders such as Parkinson disease-associated dementia and HIV-associated dementia among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiroyaone M Brombacher
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa
| | - Justin K Nono
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa.,Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon; and
| | - Keisha S De Gouveia
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa
| | - Nokuthula Makena
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Matthew Darby
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Womersley
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ousman Tamgue
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; .,Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa
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189
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McFarlane AJ, McSorley HJ, Davidson DJ, Fitch PM, Errington C, Mackenzie KJ, Gollwitzer ES, Johnston CJC, MacDonald AS, Edwards MR, Harris NL, Marsland BJ, Maizels RM, Schwarze J. Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1068-1078.e6. [PMID: 28196762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth parasites have been reported to have beneficial immunomodulatory effects in patients with allergic and autoimmune conditions and detrimental consequences in patients with tuberculosis and some viral infections. Their role in coinfection with respiratory viruses is not clear. OBJECTIVE Here we investigated the effects of strictly enteric helminth infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a mouse model. METHODS A murine helminth/RSV coinfection model was developed. Mice were infected by means of oral gavage with 200 stage 3 H polygyrus larvae. Ten days later, mice were infected intranasally with either RSV or UV-inactivated RSV. RESULTS H polygyrus-infected mice showed significantly less disease and pulmonary inflammation after RSV infection associated with reduced viral load. Adaptive immune responses, including TH2 responses, were not essential because protection against RSV was maintained in Rag1-/- and Il4rα-/- mice. Importantly, H polygyrus infection upregulated expression of type I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes in both the duodenum and lung, and its protective effects were lost in both Ifnar1-/- and germ-free mice, revealing essential roles for type I interferon signaling and microbiota in H polygyrus-induced protection against RSV. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that a strictly enteric helminth infection can have remote protective antiviral effects in the lung through induction of a microbiota-dependent type I interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J McFarlane
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J McSorley
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J Davidson
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Fitch
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Errington
- National Health Service Lothian, Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Mackenzie
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eva S Gollwitzer
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris J C Johnston
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma and Centre for Respiratory Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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190
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Tissue tolerance: a distinct concept to control acute GVHD severity. Blood 2017; 129:1747-1752. [PMID: 28153825 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-740431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Target tissue damage occurs as a consequence of pathological immune responses following allogeneic stem cell transplantation resulting in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Among those who study infections in plants, it is well recognized that tissues play a distinct role from the immune system in mediating disease severity. Recently, this has also been appreciated in mammals. However, the severity of immunopathology in the context of alloimmune diseases such as acute GVHD has been mainly understood and managed by direct targeting of immune cells to generate immune tolerance. The role of tissue-intrinsic factors that might contribute to regulation of acute GVHD severity has been largely overlooked. Here, we introduce the concept of "tissue tolerance" to discuss the tissue-specific programs that contribute to target tissue resilience, repair, and regeneration, and mitigate severity of acute GVHD without altering the load or function of alloreactive immune cells.
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191
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Assunção LS, Magalhães KG, Carneiro AB, Molinaro R, Almeida PE, Atella GC, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Bozza PT. Schistosomal-derived lysophosphatidylcholine triggers M2 polarization of macrophages through PPARγ dependent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:246-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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192
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Terrazas C, de Dios Ruiz-Rosado J, Amici SA, Jablonski KA, Martinez-Saucedo D, Webb LM, Cortado H, Robledo-Avila F, Oghumu S, Satoskar AR, Rodriguez-Sosa M, Terrazas LI, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Partida-Sánchez S. Helminth-induced Ly6C hi monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40814. [PMID: 28094319 PMCID: PMC5240103 DOI: 10.1038/srep40814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths cause chronic infections and affect the immune response to unrelated inflammatory diseases. Although helminths have been used therapeutically to ameliorate inflammatory conditions, their anti-inflammatory properties are poorly understood. Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMϕs) have been suggested as the anti-inflammatory effector cells during helminth infections. Here, we define the origin of AAMϕs during infection with Taenia crassiceps, and their disease-modulating activity on the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our data show two distinct populations of AAMϕs, based on the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 molecules, resulting upon T. crassiceps infection. Adoptive transfer of Ly6C+ monocytes gave rise to PD-L1+/PD-L2+, but not PD-L1+/PD-L2- cells in T. crassiceps-infected mice, demonstrating that the PD-L1+/PD-L2+ subpopulation of AAMϕs originates from blood monocytes. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of PD-L1+/PD-L2+ AAMϕs into EAE induced mice reduced disease incidence, delayed disease onset, and diminished the clinical disability, indicating the critical role of these cells in the regulation of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Terrazas
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Amici
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Medical Laboratory Science Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle A. Jablonski
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Medical Laboratory Science Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana Martinez-Saucedo
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
| | - Lindsay M. Webb
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Medical Laboratory Science Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hanna Cortado
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
| | - Luis I. Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Medical Laboratory Science Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Santiago Partida-Sánchez
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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193
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Rowe RK, Pyle DM, Tomlinson AR, Lv T, Hu Z, Gill MA. IgE cross-linking impairs monocyte antiviral responses and inhibits influenza-driven T H1 differentiation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:294-298.e8. [PMID: 28087327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina K Rowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex
| | - David M Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Andrew R Tomlinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tinghong Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex
| | - Michelle A Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas.
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194
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Microbial Translocation Associated with an Acute-Phase Response and Elevations in MMP-1, HO-1, and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Strongyloides stercoralis Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 85:IAI.00772-16. [PMID: 27821584 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00772-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial translocation, characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and related markers, is a common occurrence in HIV and some parasitic infections. This is usually associated with extensive inflammation and immune activation. To examine the occurrence of microbial translocation and the associated inflammatory response in asymptomatic Strongyloides stercoralis infection, we measured the plasma levels of LPS and other microbial translocation markers, acute-phase proteins, inflammatory markers, and proinflammatory cytokines in individuals with (infected [INF]) or without (uninfected [UN]) S. stercoralis infections. Finally, we also measured the levels of all of these markers in INF individuals following treatment of S. stercoralis infection. We show that INF individuals exhibit significantly higher plasma levels of microbial translocation markers (LPS, soluble CD14 [sCD14], intestinal fatty acid-binding protein [iFABP], and endotoxin core IgG antibody [EndoCAb]), acute-phase proteins (α-2 macroglobulin [α-2M], C-reactive protein [CRP], haptoglobin, and serum amyloid protein A [SAA]), inflammatory markers (matrix metalloproteinase 1 [MMP-1] and heme oxygenase 1 [HO-1]), and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1], and IL-1β) than do UN individuals. INF individuals exhibit significantly decreased levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 (TIMP-4). Following treatment of S. stercoralis infection, the elevated levels of microbial translocation markers, acute-phase proteins, and inflammatory markers were all diminished. Our data thus show that S. stercoralis infection is characterized by microbial translocation and accompanying increases in levels of acute-phase proteins and markers of inflammation and provide data to suggest that microbial translocation is a feature of asymptomatic S. stercoralis infection and is associated with an inflammatory response.
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195
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Kim EM, Yu HS, Jin Y, Choi MH, Bae YM, Hong ST. Local immune response to primary infection and re-infection by Clonorchis sinensis in FVB mice. Parasitol Int 2016; 66:436-442. [PMID: 27856336 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although Clonorchis sinensis lives in the bile duct, few studies have investigated the local immune response in the liver and bile duct. To investigate the local immune response to C. sinensis, we investigated the activation and recruitment of various immune cells and cytokine levels in the liver and bile duct lymph nodes (BLN) in FVB mice after primary infection and re-infection. Male 4-week-old FVB mice were divided into 6 experimental groups: uninfected controls, primary infection lasting 1week (PI 1w), primary infection lasting 4weeks (PI 4w), praziquantel treatment after PI 4w (Tx), re-infection lasting 1week after Tx (RI 1w), and re-infection lasting 4weeks after Tx (RI 4w). Recovery rates were 80.0% and 73.0% in PI 1w and PI 4w mice, respectively, but significantly decreased during re-infection to 26.6% in RI 1w and 13.3% in RI 4w. This result suggested that the mice were resistant to re-infection. In the liver, Kupffer cells were augmented 70-fold in PI 1w mice (P<0.001). Kupffer cells expressed Th2-related cytokines (IL-10 and IL-13) during primary infection. In addition, serum levels of C. sinensis-specific IgG1 and IgG2a strongly increased in RI 1w mice. Secretion of C. sinensis-specific IgE reached a plateau at 4weeks after primary infection, and remained elevated in all infected groups. In conclusion, during infection with C. sinensis, Kupffer cells likely act as antigen-presenting cells, stimulating the Th2 cytokine production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Min Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Research Bank, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Bae
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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196
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Peón AN, Ledesma-Soto Y, Terrazas LI. Regulation of immunity by Taeniids: lessons from animal models and in vitro studies. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:124-35. [PMID: 26457989 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Taeniidae is the largest family of the Cyclophyllidea order of parasites despite being composed of just two genera: Taenia spp and Echinococcus spp. These parasites are flatworms with a terrestrial life cycle, having an immature or larval stage called metacestode, which develops into the mature form within the intestine of the primary host after being consumed in raw or poorly cooked meat. Consumed eggs hatch into oncospheres, penetrate the intestinal walls and are transported via the bloodstream to later develop into metacestodes within the muscles and internal organs of secondary and sometimes primary hosts, thereby initiating the cycle again. Larval stages of both Taenia spp and Echinococcus spp are well known to produce tissue-dwelling, long-lasting infections; in this stage, these parasites can reach centimetres (macroparasites) and both genera may cause life-threatening diseases in humans. Establishing such long-term infections requires an exceptional ability to modulate host immunity for long periods of time. In this review, we analyse the immunoregulatory mechanisms induced by these tapeworms and their products, mainly discussing the importance of taeniid strategies to successfully colonize their hosts, such as antigen-presenting cell phenotype manipulation and the consequent induction of T-cell anergy, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Peón
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Y Ledesma-Soto
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - L I Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
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197
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Purinergic signaling in schistosomal infection. Biomed J 2016; 39:316-325. [PMID: 27884378 PMCID: PMC6138794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human schistosomiasis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by blood fluke worms belonging to the genus Schistosoma. Health metrics indicate that the disease is related to an elevated number of years lost-to-disability and years lost-to-life. Schistosomiasis is an intravascular disease that is related to a Th1 and Th2 immune response polarization, and the degree of polarization affects the outcome of the disease. The purinergic system is composed of adenosine and nucleotides acting as key messenger molecules. Moreover, nucleotide-transforming enzymes and cell-surface purinergic receptors are obligatory partners of this purinergic signaling. In mammalian cells, purinergic signaling modulates innate immune responses and inflammation among other functions; conversely purinergic signaling may also be modulated by inflammatory mediators. Moreover, schistosomes also express some enzymes of the purinergic system, and it is possible that worms modulate host purinergic signaling. Current data obtained in murine models of schistosomiasis support the notion that the host purinergic system is altered by the disease. The dysfunction of adenosine receptors, metabotropic P2Y and ionotropic P2X7 receptors, and NTPDases likely contributes to disease morbidity.
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198
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Regulatory parameters of the lung immune response during the early phase of experimental trichinellosis. Vet Parasitol 2016; 231:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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199
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Coordinated Regulation of Signaling Pathways during Macrophage Activation. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4. [PMID: 27780013 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0025-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional and phenotypic diversity of macrophages has long been appreciated, and it is now clear that it reflects a complex interplay between hard-wired differentiation pathways and instructive signals in specific tissues (Lawrence T, Natoli G. 2011, Nat Rev Immunol11:750-761). Recent studies have begun to unravel the molecular basis for the integration of these intrinsic developmental pathways with extracellular signals from the tissue microenvironment that confer the distinct phenotypes of tissue-resident macrophages (Lavin Y et al. 2014. Cell159:1312-1326; Gosselin D et al. 2014. Cell159:1327-1340). Macrophage phenotype and function is particularly dynamic during inflammation or infection, as blood monocytes are recruited into tissues and differentiate into macrophages, and depending on the nature of the inflammatory stimulus, they may acquire distinct functional phenotypes (Xue J et al. 2014. Immunity40:274-288; Murray PJ et al. 2014. Immunity41:14-20). Furthermore, these functional activation states can be rapidly modified in response to a changing microenvironment. Here we will discuss several key signaling pathways that drive macrophage activation during the inflammatory response and discuss how these pathways are integrated to "fine-tune" macrophage phenotype and function.
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200
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Abstract
Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and the normal tissue environment. Three broad pathways control polarization: epigenetic and cell survival pathways that prolong or shorten macrophage development and viability, the tissue microenvironment, and extrinsic factors, such as microbial products and cytokines released in inflammation. A plethora of advances have provided a framework for rationally purifying, describing, and manipulating macrophage polarization. Here, I assess the current state of knowledge about macrophage polarization and enumerate the major questions about how activated macrophages regulate the physiology of normal and damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Murray
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105;
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