151
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Hou S, Yu J, Zhuang X, Li D, Liu Y, Gao Z, Sun T, Wang F, Yu X. Phase Separation of P3HT/PMMA Blend Film for Forming Semiconducting and Dielectric Layers in Organic Thin-Film Transistors for High-Sensitivity NO 2 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44521-44527. [PMID: 31679331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Formation of the semiconductor/dielectric double-layered films via vertical phase separations from polymer blends is an effective method to fabricate organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Here, we introduce a simple one-step processing method for the vertical phase separation of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends in OTFTs and their applications for high-performance nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensors. Compared to the conventional two-step coated OTFT sensors, one-step processed devices exhibit a great enhancement of the responsivity from 116 to 1481% for 30 ppm NO2 concentration and a limit of detection of ∼0.7 ppb. Studies of the microstructures of the blend films and the electrical properties of the sensors reveal that the devices formed by the one-step vertical phase separation have better capability for the adsorption of NO2 molecules. Moreover, a careful adjustment of the blend ratio between P3HT and PMMA can further improve the performance of the NO2 sensors, ranging from sensitivity to selectivity and to the ability of recovery. This simple one-step processing method demonstrates a potential possibility for developing high-performance, low-cost, and large-area OTFT gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Xinming Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
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152
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Broza YY, Zhou X, Yuan M, Qu D, Zheng Y, Vishinkin R, Khatib M, Wu W, Haick H. Disease Detection with Molecular Biomarkers: From Chemistry of Body Fluids to Nature-Inspired Chemical Sensors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11761-11817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Y. Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Danyao Qu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
| | - Youbing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Rotem Vishinkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Muhammad Khatib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
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153
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Jiang H, Hu W. The Emergence of Organic Single-Crystal Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1408-1428. [PMID: 30927312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting single crystals are perfect for both fundamental and application-oriented research due to the advantages of free grain boundaries, few defects, and minimal traps and impurities, as well as their low-temperature processability, high flexibility, and low cost. Carrier mobilities of greater than 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 in some organic single crystals indicate a promising application in electronic devices. The progress made, including the molecular structures and fabrication technologies of organic single crystals, is introduced and organic single-crystal electronic devices, including field-effect transistors, phototransistors, p-n heterojunctions, and circuits, are summarized. Organic two-dimensional single crystals, cocrystals, and large single crystals, together with some potential applications, are introduced. A state-of-the-art overview of organic single-crystal electronics, with their challenges and prospects, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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154
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Tianjin University No. 92#, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapur
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Tianjin University No. 92#, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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155
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang D. The Effects of Side Chains on the Charge Mobilities and Functionalities of Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers beyond Solubilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903104. [PMID: 31483542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of semiconducting polymers in terms of high charge mobilities and applications in transistors. Significant efforts have been made to develop various conjugated frameworks and linkers. However, studies are increasingly demonstrating that the side chains of semiconducting polymers can significantly affect interchain packing, thin film crystallinity, and thus semiconducting performance. Ways to modify the side alkyl chains to improve the interchain packing order and charge mobilities for conjugated polymers are first discussed. It is shown that modifying the branching chains by moving the branching points away from the backbones can boost the charge mobilities, which can also be improved through partially replacing branching chains with linear ones. Second, the effects of side chains with heteroatoms and functional groups are discussed. The siloxane-terminated side chains are utilized to enhance the semiconducting properties. The fluorinated alkyl chains are beneficial for improving both charge mobility and air stability. Incorporating H bonding group side chains can improve thin film crystallinities and boost charge mobilities. Notably, incorporating functional groups (e.g., glycol, tetrathiafulvalene, and thymine) into side chains can improve the selectivity of field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors, while photochromic group containing side chains in conjugated polymers result in photoresponsive semiconductors and optically tunable FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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156
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Yang JC, Mun J, Kwon SY, Park S, Bao Z, Park S. Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin-Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904765. [PMID: 31538370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in electronic skin or e-skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on technologies needed in three main applications: skin-attachable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics. First, since e-skin will be exposed to prolonged stresses of various kinds and needs to be conformally adhered to irregularly shaped surfaces, materials with intrinsic stretchability and self-healing properties are of great importance. Second, tactile sensing capability such as the detection of pressure, strain, slip, force vector, and temperature are important for health monitoring in skin attachable devices, and to enable object manipulation and detection of surrounding environment for robotics and prosthetics. For skin attachable devices, chemical and electrophysiological sensing and wireless signal communication are of high significance to fully gauge the state of health of users and to ensure user comfort. For robotics and prosthetics, large-area integration on 3D surfaces in a facile and scalable manner is critical. Furthermore, new signal processing strategies using neuromorphic devices are needed to efficiently process tactile information in a parallel and low power manner. For prosthetics, neural interfacing electrodes are of high importance. These topics are discussed, focusing on progress, current challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA
| | - Se Young Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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157
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Kubota R, Sasaki Y, Minamiki T, Minami T. Chemical Sensing Platforms Based on Organic Thin-Film Transistors Functionalized with Artificial Receptors. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2571-2587. [PMID: 31475522 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have attracted intense attention as promising electronic devices owing to their various applications such as rollable active-matrix displays, flexible nonvolatile memories, and radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags. To further broaden the scope of the application of OTFTs, we focus on the host-guest chemistry combined with the electronic devices. Extended-gate types of OTFTs functionalized with artificial receptors were fabricated to achieve chemical sensing of targets in complete aqueous media. Organic and inorganic ions (cations and anions), neutral molecules, and proteins, which are regarded as target analytes in the field of host-guest chemistry, were electrically detected by artificial receptors. Molecular recognition phenomena on the extended-gate electrode were evaluated by several analytical methods such as photoemission yield spectroscopy in the air, contact angle goniometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Interestingly, the electrical responses of the OTFTs were highly sensitive to the chemical structures of the guests. Thus, the OTFTs will facilitate the selective sensing of target analytes and the understanding of chemical conversions in biological and environmental systems. Furthermore, such cross-reactive responses observed in our studies will provide some important insights into next-generation sensing systems such as OTFT arrays. We strongly believe that our approach will enable the development of new intriguing sensor platforms in the field of host-guest chemistry, analytical chemistry, and organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kubota
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153−8505, Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153−8505, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Minamiki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153−8505, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153−8505, Japan
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158
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One-Step Coating Processed Phototransistors Enabled by Phase Separation of Semiconductor and Dielectric Blend Film. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110716. [PMID: 31652945 PMCID: PMC6915368 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) via high throughput solution process routes have attracted extensive attention. Herein, we report a simple one-step coating method for vertical phase separation of the poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends as semiconducting and dielectric layers in OTFTs. These OTFTs can be used as phototransistors for ultraviolet (UV) light detection, where the phototransistors exhibited great photosensitivity of 597.6 mA/W and detectivity of 4.25 × 1010 Jones under 1 mW/cm2 UV light intensity. Studies of the electrical properties in these phototransistors suggested that optimized P3HT contents in the blend film can facilitate the improvement of film morphology, and therefore form optimized vertical phase separation of the PMMA and P3HT. These results indicate that the simple one-step fabrication method creates possibilities for realizing high throughput phototransistors with great photosensitivity.
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159
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Picca RA, Manoli K, Macchia E, Tricase A, Di Franco C, Scamarcio G, Cioffi N, Torsi L. A Study on the Stability of Water-Gated Organic Field-Effect-Transistors Based on a Commercial p-Type Polymer. Front Chem 2019; 7:667. [PMID: 31649919 PMCID: PMC6795764 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust electrolyte-gated organic field-effect-transistors (OFETs) are particularly needed for the development of biosensing devices. However, when a FET biosensor operates in aqueous environments or even in real biological fluids, some critical issues may arise due to the possible lack of environmental long-term and/or operational stability. An important source of instability is associated with the degradation of the organic electronic channel materials such as for instance, poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), a benchmark commercially available p-type organic semiconductor. In this work, the investigation of critical parameters, such as the control over spurious electrochemical phenomena as well as the operating conditions that can affect water-gated OFETs lifetime, is reported, together with a proposed modeling of the P3HT stability curve over 1 week in water. The investigation of possible morphological/chemical modifications occurring at the polymer surface after operating in water for 2 weeks was carried out. Moreover, it is proven how the addition of a gel layer can extend the P3HT based water-gated OFET shelf life up to 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Anna Picca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Unità di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Kyriaki Manoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Unità di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Macchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- The Faculty of Science and Engineering, Center for Functional Materials, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Angelo Tricase
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Franco
- CNR - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Unità di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Scamarcio
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Unità di Bari, Bari, Italy
- CNR - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Unità di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin”, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Unità di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Unità di Bari, Bari, Italy
- The Faculty of Science and Engineering, Center for Functional Materials, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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160
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Chen X, Hao S, Zong B, Liu C, Mao S. Ultraselective antibiotic sensing with complementary strand DNA assisted aptamer/MoS 2 field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 145:111711. [PMID: 31563801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although aptamer has been demonstrated as an important probe for antibiotic determination, the selective sensing of different antibiotics is still a challenge due to their structure similarities and wide folding degrees of aptamer. Herein, a field-effect transistor using MoS2 nanosheet as the channel and an aptamer DNA (APT) with its configuration shaped by a complementary strand DNA (CS) is employed for kanamycin (KAN) determination. This probe structure contributes to an enhanced selectivity and reliability with reduced device-to-device variations. This MoS2/APT/CS sensor shows time-dependent performance in antibiotic sensing. Prolonged detection time (20 s-300 s) leads to an enhanced sensitivity (1.85-4.43 M-1) and a lower limit of detection (1.06-0.66 nM), while a shorter detection time leads to a broader linear working range. A new sensing mechanism relying on charge release from probe is proposed, which is based on the "replacement reaction" between KAN and APT-CS. This sensor exhibits an extremely high selectivity (selectivity coefficient of 12.8) to kanamycin over other antibiotics including streptomycin, tobramycin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. This work demonstrates the merits of probe engineering in label-free antibiotic detection with FET sensor, which presents significant promises in sensitive and selective chemical and biological sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sibei Hao
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Boyang Zong
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shun Mao
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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161
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Irimia-Vladu M, Kanbur Y, Camaioni F, Coppola ME, Yumusak C, Irimia CV, Vlad A, Operamolla A, Farinola GM, Suranna GP, González-Benitez N, Molina MC, Bautista LF, Langhals H, Stadlober B, Głowacki ED, Sariciftci NS. Stability of Selected Hydrogen Bonded Semiconductors in Organic Electronic Devices. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:6315-6346. [PMID: 32565617 PMCID: PMC7297463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The electronics era is flourishing and morphing itself into Internet of Everything, IoE. At the same time, questions arise on the issue of electronic materials employed: especially their natural availability and low-cost fabrication, their functional stability in devices, and finally their desired biodegradation at the end of their life cycle. Hydrogen bonded pigments and natural dyes like indigo, anthraquinone and acridone are not only biodegradable and of bio-origin but also have functionality robustness and offer versatility in designing electronics and sensors components. With this Perspective, we intend to coalesce all the scattered reports on the above-mentioned classes of hydrogen bonded semiconductors, spanning across several disciplines and many active research groups. The article will comprise both published and unpublished results, on stability during aging, upon electrical, chemical and thermal stress, and will finish with an outlook section related to biological degradation and biological stability of selected hydrogen bonded molecules employed as semiconductors in organic electronic devices. We demonstrate that when the purity, the long-range order and the strength of chemical bonds, are considered, then the Hydrogen bonded organic semiconductors are the privileged class of materials having the potential to compete with inorganic semiconductors. As an experimental historical study of stability, we fabricated and characterized organic transistors from a material batch synthesized in 1932 and compared the results to a fresh material batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Mihai
Irimia-Vladu. E-mail:
| | - Yasin Kanbur
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karabuk University, BaliklarkayasiMevkii, 78050 Karabük, Turkey
| | - Fausta Camaioni
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- School
of Industrial and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Raffaele Lambruschini, 15, 20156 Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Coppola
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- School
of Industrial and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Raffaele Lambruschini, 15, 20156 Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cigdem Yumusak
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Cristian Vlad Irimia
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- Bundesrealgymnasium
Seebacher, Seebachergasse 11, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Vlad
- National
Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomistilor Street, No. 409, Magurele, Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania
| | - Alessandra Operamolla
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- Department
of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia González-Benitez
- Department
of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Molina
- Department
of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Luis Fernando Bautista
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Heinz Langhals
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department
Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians
University München, Butenandtstr. 13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Barbara Stadlober
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Linköping
University, Department of Science
and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping 60221, Sweden
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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162
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Chen X, He Y, Ali MU, He Y, Zhu Y, Li A, Zhao C, Perepichka IF, Meng H. Isothianaphthene diimide: an air-stable n-type semiconductor. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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163
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Song R, Wang Z, Zhou X, Huang L, Chi L. Gas‐Sensing Performance and Operation Mechanism of Organic π‐Conjugated Materials. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1222-1234. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
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164
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Kawata T, Kimura M. pH-Induced Color-changeable Particles Composed of Amphiphilic Zinc Phthalocyanines Dispersed in Aqueous Media. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kawata
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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165
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Nagamine K, Mano T, Nomura A, Ichimura Y, Izawa R, Furusawa H, Matsui H, Kumaki D, Tokito S. Noninvasive Sweat-Lactate Biosensor Emplsoying a Hydrogel-Based Touch Pad. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10102. [PMID: 31300711 PMCID: PMC6626002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the first report demonstrating proof-of-concept for a hydrogel-based touch sensor pad used for the non-invasive extraction and detection of sweat components. The sensor device was composed of an electrochemical L-lactate biosensor covered with an agarose gel in a phosphate buffer saline. When human skin contacts the agarose gel, L-lactate in sweat was continuously extracted into the gel, followed by in-situ potentiometric detection without controlled conditions. This novel type of sweat sensor is expected to enable the simple, non-invasive daily periodic monitoring of sweat biomarkers for advanced personal healthcare methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Nagamine
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Taisei Mano
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Ayako Nomura
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ichimura
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Ryota Izawa
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furusawa
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kumaki
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
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166
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Li H, Wu J, Takahashi K, Ren J, Wu R, Cai H, Wang J, Xin HL, Miao Q, Yamada H, Chen H, Li H. Organic Heterojunctions Formed by Interfacing Two Single Crystals from a Mixed Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10007-10015. [PMID: 31244137 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic heterojunctions are widely used in organic electronics and they are composed of semiconductors interfaced together. Good ordering in the molecular packing inside the heterojunctions is highly desired but it is still challenging to interface organic single crystals to form single-crystalline heterojunctions. Here, we describe how organic heterojunctions are formed by interfacing two single crystals from a droplet of a mixed solution containing two semiconductors. Based on crystallization of six organic semiconductors from a droplet on a substrate, two distinct crystallization mechanisms have been recognized in the sense that crystals form at either the top interface between the air and solution or the bottom interface between the substrate and solution. The preference for one interface rather than the other depends on the semiconductor-substrate pair and, for a given semiconductor, it can be switched by changing the substrate, suggesting that the preference is associated with the semiconductor-substrate molecular interaction. Furthermore, simultaneous crystallization of two semiconductors at two different interfaces to reduce their mutual disturbance results in the formation of bilayer single crystals interfaced together for organic heterojunctions. These single-crystalline heterojunctions exhibit ambipolar charge transport in field-effect transistors, with the highest electron mobility of 1.90 cm2 V-1 s-1 and the highest hole mobility of 1.02 cm2 V-1 s-1. Hence, by elucidating the interfacial crystallization events, this work should greatly harvest the solution-grown organic single-crystalline heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jiake Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Kohtaro Takahashi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Ruihan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Hongyi Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jieru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong , China
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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167
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Xu JJ, Sung R, Sung K. S 1/S 0 Potential Energy Surfaces Experience Different Types of Restricted Rotation: Restricted Z/ E Photoisomerization and E/ Z Thermoisomerization by an Out-of-Plane Benzyl Group or In-Plane m-Pyridinium Group? J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4708-4716. [PMID: 31084005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Any method that can enhance the fluorescence of fluorophores is highly desirable. Fluorescence enhancement accomplished by restricted Z/ E photoisomerization through intramolecular steric hindrance or relatively high bond order of a C═C double bond in a S1 excited state has rarely been studied. In this article, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogues as a model to get new physical insights into the restricted Z/ E photoisomerization and E/ Z thermoisomerization phenomena. We found that the S1 and S0 potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the GFP chromophore analogues experience two dramatically different types of restricted rotation, and 2b can be a representative example. In its S1 PES, it is not the intramolecular steric hindrance between the out-of-plane benzyl group and the in-plane m-pyridinium group but the relatively high bond order of the I-bond in the S1 excited state of 2b that makes it have a higher barrier for the Z/ E photoisomerization, a smaller Z/ E photoisomerization quantum yield, and a higher fluorescence quantum yield. In its S0 PES, it is not the reduced bond order of the I-bond in the S0 ground state of 2b but the intramolecular steric hindrance between the out-of-plane benzyl group and the in-plane m-pyridinium group that makes it have an extra higher barrier for E/ Z thermoisomerization and a much smaller E/ Z thermoisomerization rate constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jia Xu
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Robert Sung
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
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168
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Yu CP, Kimura R, Kurosawa T, Fukuzaki E, Watanabe T, Ishii H, Kumagai S, Yano M, Takeya J, Okamoto T. Air-Stable Benzo[c]thiophene Diimide n-Type π-Electron Core. Org Lett 2019; 21:4448-4453. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Yu
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Ryoya Kimura
- Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering Major, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Tadanori Kurosawa
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Eiji Fukuzaki
- FUJIFILM Corp., 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- FUJIFILM Corp., 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishii
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shohei Kumagai
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering Major, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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169
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Atahan-Evrenk S, Atalay FB. Prediction of Intramolecular Reorganization Energy Using Machine Learning. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7855-7863. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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170
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Chiang YC, Wu HC, Wen HF, Hung CC, Hong CW, Kuo CC, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Tailoring Carbosilane Side Chains toward Intrinsically Stretchable Semiconducting Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Han-Fang Wen
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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171
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He P, Zhang H, Xu C, Zhen Y, Dong H, Hu W. Hexyl substitution of pentathienoacene toward a significant improvement in charge transport. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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172
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Wang C, Qi D, Lu G, Wang H, Chen Y, Jiang J. High mobility at the interface of the cocrystallized sandwich-type tetrapyrrole metal compound and fullerene layers. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01130g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices fabricated based on mixed-(phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) yttrium(iii) and fullerene cocrystals represent one of the most excellent cocrystal ambipolar OFET devices reported thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Guang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
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