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Sun Y, Shi X, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Wu M, Rao L, Dong Y, Zhang J, Zou Y, You S, Liu J, Lei M, Liu C, Jiang L. Low Contact Resistance Organic Single-Crystal Transistors with Band-Like Transport Based on 2,6-Bis-Phenylethynyl-Anthracene. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400112. [PMID: 38500296 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Contact resistance has become one of the main bottlenecks that hinder further improvement of mobility and integration density of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Much progress has been made in reducing contact resistance by modifying the electrode/semiconductor interface and decreasing the crystal thickness, however, the development of new organic semiconductor materials with low contact resistance still faces many challenges. Here, 2,6-bis-phenylethynyl-anthracene (BPEA) is found, which is a material that combines high mobility with low contact resistance. Single-crystal BEPA OFETs with a thickness of ≈20 nm demonstrated high mobility of 4.52 cm2 V-1 s-1 , contact resistance as low as 335 Ω cm, and band-like charge transport behavior. The calculated compatibility of the EHOMO of BPEA with the work function of the Au electrode, and the decreased |EHOMO -ΦAu | with the increase of external electric field intensity from source to gate both contributed to the efficient charge injection and small contact resistance. More intriguingly, p-type BPEA as a buffer layer can effectively reduce the contact resistance, improve the mobility, and meanwhile inhibit the double-slope electrical behavior of p-channel 2,6-diphenyl anthracene (DPA) single-crystal OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaosong Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yamin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Limei Rao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yicai Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Physics and Engineering, School of Microelectronics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Xuyao S, Kim SB, Jung H, Kim J, Mo J, Jeong YJ, Jang J, An TK, Kim YH, Jeon J. Well-Balanced Ambipolar Charge Transport of Diketopyrrolepyrrole-Based Copolymers: Organic Field-Effect Transistors and High-Voltage Logic Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300271. [PMID: 37400426 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A poly (3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-co-(2,3-bis(phenyl)acrylonitrile)) (PDPADPP) copolymer, composed of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and a cyano (nitrile) group with a vinylene spacer linking two benzene rings, is synthesized via a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The electrical performance of PDPADPP in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and circuits is investigated. The OFETs based on PDPADPP exhibit typical ambipolar transport characteristics, with the as-cast OFETs demonstrating low field-effect hole and electron mobility values of 0.016 and 0.004 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. However, after thermal annealing at 240 °C, the OFETs exhibit improved transport characteristics with highly balanced ambipolar transport, showing average hole and electron mobility values of 0.065 and 0.116 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. To verify the application of the PDPADPP OFETs in high-voltage logic circuits, compact modeling using the industry-standard small-signal Berkeley short-channel IGFET model (BSIM) is performed, and the logic application characteristics are evaluated. The circuit simulation results demonstrate excellent logic application performance of the PDPADPP-based ambipolar transistor and illustrate that the device annealed at 240 °C exhibits ideal circuit characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xuyao
- Department of Chemistry and RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanggyo Jung
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyum Kim
- Department of IT∙Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-Ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Mo
- Department of IT∙Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-Ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jeong
- Department of IT∙Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-Ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-Ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Jang
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu An
- Department of IT∙Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-Ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-Ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jongwook Jeon
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhao W, Fu GE, Yang H, Zhang T. Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymers: a New Choice For Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301076. [PMID: 38151907 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) as a vital component among transistors have shown great potential in smart sensing, flexible displays, and bionics due to their flexibility, biocompatibility and customizable chemical structures. Even though linear conjugated polymer semiconductors are common for constructing channel materials of OTFTs, advanced materials with high charge carrier mobility, tunable band structure, robust stability, and clear structure-property relationship are indispensable for propelling the evolution of OTFTs. Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs), featured with conjugated lattice, tailorable skeletons, and functional porous structures, match aforementioned criteria closely. In this review, we firstly introduce the synthesis of 2DCP thin films, focusing on their characteristics compatible with the channels of OTFTs. Subsequently, the physics and operating mechanisms of OTFTs and the applications of 2DCPs in OTFTs are summarized in detail. Finally, the outlook and perspective in the field of OTFTs using 2DCPs are provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-En Fu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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Ren X, Qiu F, Deng W, Fang X, Wu Y, Yu S, Liu X, Grigorian S, Shi J, Jie J, Zhang X, Zhang X. Topology-Mediated Molecule Nucleation Anchoring Enables Inkjet Printing of Organic Semiconducting Single Crystals for High-Performance Printed Electronics. ACS Nano 2023; 17:25175-25184. [PMID: 38055464 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Printable organic semiconducting single crystals (OSSCs) offer tantalizing opportunities for next-generation wearable electronics, but their development has been plagued by a long-standing yet inherent problem─spatially uncontrolled and stochastic nucleation events─which usually causes the formation of polycrystalline films and hence limited performance. Here, we report a convenient approach to precisely manipulate the elusive molecule nucleation process for high-throughput inkjet printing of OSSCs with record-high mobility. By engineering curvature of the contact line with a teardrop-shaped micropattern, molecule nucleation is elegantly anchored at the vertex of the topological structure, enabling formation of a single nucleus for the subsequent growth of OSSCs. Using this approach, we achieve patterned growth of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene single crystals, yielding a breakthrough for an organic field-effect transistor array with a high average mobility of 12.5 cm2 V-1 s-1. These findings not only provide keen insights into controlling molecule nucleation kinetics but also offer opportunities for high-performance printed electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ren
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fengquan Qiu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaochen Fang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Shengyu Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Souren Grigorian
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Siegen 57072, Germany
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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5
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Tardío C, Donoso B, Fernández P, Torres-Moya I. Rational Design of a Multifunctional Benzothiadiazole Derivative in Organic Photonics and Electronics. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302524. [PMID: 37811670 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve a multifunctional compound with potential application in organic photonics and electronics, a multidonor benzothiadiazole derivative was rationally designed and synthesized employing microwave irradiation as energy source, increasing the process efficiency about yields and reaction times in comparison with conventional conditions. This powerful compound displayed solvatochromism and showed efficient behavior as red optical waveguide with low OLC around 10-2 dB μm-1 and with the capacity of light transmission in two directions. In addition, the proposed derivative acted as efficient p-type semiconductor in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with hole mobilities up 10-1 cm2 V-1 s-1 . This corroborates its multifunctional character, thus making it a potential candidate to be applied in hybrid organic field-effect optical waveguides (OFEWs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tardío
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. Faculty of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Beatriz Donoso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus of Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. Faculty of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Chemical Sciences. Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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6
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Sheng Q, Peng B, Ji C, Li H. Enhancing the Uniformity of Organic Field-Effect Transistors by a Single-Crystalline Layer-Controlled Active Channel. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304736. [PMID: 37494287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable improvement in the mobility of the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) being achieved in past decades, the uniformity in electrical performance remains ambiguous, impeding their implantation in organic integrated circuits. The coefficient of variance (CV) in mobility of reported OFETs is typically larger than 8%, which is not adequate for building medium-to-large scale integrated circuits. In this work, it is shown that utilizing single-domain molecular monolayer crystals as the active channel can largely enhance the uniformity of OFETs. Benefiting from the sole molecular layer with long-range ordering, the OFETs exhibit uniformities in both channel transport and charge injection, thereby giving rise to a high average mobility of 11.64 cm2 V-1 s-1 and CV of only 2.57%. Statistical transmission length method evaluation is conducted, covering channel length from 3 to 21 µm, channel width from 90 to 170 µm, and a total OFET number of 370. The low contact resistance of 79.00 ± 7.00 Ω cm and high intrinsic mobility of 12.36 ± 0.45 cm2 V-1 s-1 are acquired with very high accuracy and reliability. As such, this work provides a practical way to enhance the uniformity of OFETs by a single-crystalline layer-controlled active channel toward their applications in integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Boyu Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chong Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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7
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Galindo JM, Tardío C, Saikia B, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Torres-Moya I. Recent Insights about the Role of Gels in Organic Photonics and Electronics. Gels 2023; 9:875. [PMID: 37998965 PMCID: PMC10670943 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an in-depth exploration of the role of gels in the fields of organic electronics and photonics, focusing on their unique properties and applications. Despite their remarkable potential, gel-based innovations remain relatively uncharted in these domains. This brief review aims to bridge the knowledge gap by shedding light on the diverse roles that gels can fulfil in the enhancement of organic electronic and photonic devices. From flexible electronics to light-emitting materials, we delve into specific examples of gel applications, highlighting their versatility and promising outcomes. This work serves as an indispensable resource for researchers interested in harnessing the transformative power of gels within these cutting-edge fields. The objective of this review is to raise awareness about the overlooked research potential of gels in optoelectronic materials, which have somewhat diminished in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué M. Galindo
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, D02YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Carlos Tardío
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Basanta Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KULAK—KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KULAK—KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30010 Murcia, Spain
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Nieuwenhuis AF, Duarte Sánchez DF, Cui JZ, Lemay SG. Stochastic Electrical Detection of Single Ion-Gated Semiconducting Polymers. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2307912. [PMID: 37758267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer chains constitute the building blocks for a wide range of electronic materials and devices. However, most of their electrical characteristics at the single-molecule level have received little attention. Elucidating these properties can help understanding performance limits and enable new applications. Here, coupled ionic-electronic charge transport is exploited to measure the quasi-1D electrical current through long single conjugated polymer chains as they form transient contacts with electrodes separated by ≈10 nm. Fluctuations between internal conformations of the individual polymers are resolved as abrupt, multilevel switches in the electrical current. This behavior is consistent with the theoretical simulations based on the worm-like-chain (WLC) model for semiflexible polymers. In addition to probing the intrinsic properties of single semiconducting polymer chains, the results provide an unprecedented window into the dynamics of random-coil polymers and enable the use of semiconducting polymers as electrical labels for single-molecule (bio)sensing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab F Nieuwenhuis
- University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, Netherlands
| | | | - Jin Z Cui
- University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, Netherlands
| | - Serge G Lemay
- University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, Netherlands
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9
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Shen Z, Huang W, Li L, Li H, Huang J, Cheng J, Fu Y. Research Progress of Organic Field-Effect Transistor Based Chemical Sensors. Small 2023; 19:e2302406. [PMID: 37271887 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, chemical sensors have gained significant attention in various fields, including drug security, environmental testing, food safety, and biological medicine. Among them, organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based chemical sensors have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional sensors, exhibiting several advantages such as multi-parameter detection, room temperature operation, miniaturization, flexibility, and portability. This review paper presents recent research progress on OFET-based chemical sensors, highlighting the enhancement of sensor performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, stability, etc. The main improvement programs are improving the internal and external structures of the device, as well as the organic semiconductor layer and dielectric structure. Finally, an outlook on the prospects and challenges of OFET-based chemical sensors is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Shen
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Li Li
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Huizi Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jiangong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Fu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Kim J, Ren X, Zhang Y, Fazzi D, Manikandan S, Andreasen JW, Sun X, Ursel S, Un H, Peralta S, Xiao M, Town J, Marathianos A, Roesner S, Bui T, Ludwigs S, Sirringhaus H, Wang S. Efficient N-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Field-Effect Transistors Based on PNDI-Copolymers Bearing Fluorinated Selenophene-Vinylene-Selenophenes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303837. [PMID: 37551064 PMCID: PMC10582458 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
n-Type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are less developed than their p-type counterparts. Herein, polynaphthalenediimide (PNDI)-based copolymers bearing novel fluorinated selenophene-vinylene-selenophene (FSVS) units as efficient materials for both n-type OECTs and n-type OFETs are reported. The PNDI polymers with oligo(ethylene glycol) (EG7) side chains P(NDIEG7-FSVS), affords a high µC* of > 0.2 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 , outperforming the benchmark n-type Pg4NDI-T2 and Pg4NDI-gT2 by two orders of magnitude. The deep-lying LUMO of -4.63 eV endows P(NDIEG7-FSVS) with an ultra-low threshold voltage of 0.16 V. Moreover, the conjugated polymer with octyldodecyl (OD) side chains P(NDIOD-FSVS) exhibits a surprisingly low energetic disorder with an Urbach energy of 36 meV and an ultra-low activation energy of 39 meV, resulting in high electron mobility of up to 0.32 cm2 V-1 s-1 in n-type OFETs. These results demonstrate the great potential for simultaneously achieving a lower LUMO and a tighter intermolecular packing for the next-generation efficient n-type organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Kim
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des InterfacesCY Cergy Paris Université5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville‐sur‐Oise95000France
- Present address:
Department of Textile System Eng.Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Xinglong Ren
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Università di BolognaVia F. Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Suraj Manikandan
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Jens Wenzel Andreasen
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Xiuming Sun
- IPOC‐Functional PolymersInstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology(IQST)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sarah Ursel
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Hio‐Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Sébastien Peralta
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des InterfacesCY Cergy Paris Université5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville‐sur‐Oise95000France
| | - Mingfei Xiao
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - James Town
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | - Stefan Roesner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Thanh‐Tuan Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des InterfacesCY Cergy Paris Université5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville‐sur‐Oise95000France
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC‐Functional PolymersInstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology(IQST)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Suhao Wang
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des InterfacesCY Cergy Paris Université5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville‐sur‐Oise95000France
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11
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Yu CP, Kumagai S, Tsutsumi M, Kurosawa T, Ishii H, Watanabe G, Hashizume D, Sugiura H, Tani Y, Ise T, Watanabe T, Sato H, Takeya J, Okamoto T. Asymmetrically Functionalized Electron-Deficient π-Conjugated System for Printed Single-Crystalline Organic Electronics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207440. [PMID: 37712117 PMCID: PMC10582418 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-area single-crystalline thin films of n-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) fabricated via solution-processed techniques are urgently demanded for high-end electronics. However, the lack of molecular designs that concomitantly offer excellent charge-carrier transport, solution-processability, and chemical/thermal robustness for n-type OSCs limits the understanding of fundamental charge-transport properties and impedes the realization of large-area electronics. The benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) π-electron system with phenethyl substituents (PhC2 -BQQDI) demonstrates high electron mobility and robustness but its strong aggregation results in unsatisfactory solubility and solution-processability. In this work, an asymmetric molecular design approach is reported that harnesses the favorable charge transport of PhC2 -BQQDI, while introducing alkyl chains to improve the solubility and solution-processability. An effective synthetic strategy is developed to obtain the target asymmetric BQQDI (PhC2 -BQQDI-Cn ). Interestingly, linear alkyl chains of PhC2 -BQQDI-Cn (n = 5-7) exhibit an unusual molecular mimicry geometry with a gauche conformation and resilience to dynamic disorders. Asymmetric PhC2 -BQQDI-C5 demonstrates excellent electron mobility and centimeter-scale continuous single-crystalline thin films, which are two orders of magnitude larger than that of PhC2 -BQQDI, allowing for the investigation of electron transport anisotropy and applicable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Yu
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Shohei Kumagai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐G1‐7 NagatsutaMidori‐kuYokohama226‐8502Japan
| | - Michitsuna Tsutsumi
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Tadanori Kurosawa
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishii
- Department of Applied PhysicsFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305‐8573Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of PhysicsSchool of ScienceKitasato University1‐15‐1 Kitasato, Minami‐kuSagamiharaKanagawa252‐0373Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugiura
- FUJIFILM Corp.577 Ushijima, Kaisei‐machiAshigarakami‐gunKanagawa258‐8577Japan
| | - Yukio Tani
- FUJIFILM Corp.577 Ushijima, Kaisei‐machiAshigarakami‐gunKanagawa258‐8577Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ise
- FUJIFILM Corp.577 Ushijima, Kaisei‐machiAshigarakami‐gunKanagawa258‐8577Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- FUJIFILM Corp.577 Ushijima, Kaisei‐machiAshigarakami‐gunKanagawa258‐8577Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corp.3‐9‐12 Matsubara‐choAkishimaTokyo196‐8666Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1‐1 NamikiTsukuba205‐0044Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- PRESTO, JST4‐1‐8 HonchoKawaguchiSaitama332‐0012Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐G1‐7 NagatsutaMidori‐kuYokohama226‐8502Japan
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12
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Park S, Choi W, Kim SH, Lee H, Cho K. Protonated Organic Semiconductors: Origin of Water-Induced Charge-Trap Generation. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2303707. [PMID: 37390456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in the electronic characteristics of organic semiconductors, the low operational stability of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) hinders their direct use in practical applications. Although the literature contains numerous reports on the effects of water on the operational stability of OFETs, the underlying mechanisms of trap generation induced by water remain unclear. Here, a protonation-induced trap generation of organic semiconductors is proposed as a possible origin of the operational instability in organic field-effect transistors. Spectroscopic and electronic investigation techniques combined with simulations reveal that the direct protonation of organic semiconductors by water during operation may be responsible for the trap generation induced by bias stress; this phenomenon is independent of the trap generation at an insulator surface. In addition, the same feature occurred in small-bandgap polymers with fused thiophene rings irrespective of their crystalline ordering, implying the generality of protonation induced trap generation in various polymer semiconductors with a small bandgap. The finding of the trap-generation process provides new perspectives for achieving greater operational stability of organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsik Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang J, Ren Z, Pan J, Wu X, Jie J, Zhang X, Zhang X. Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Growth of Two-dimensional Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals toward High-Performance Transistors. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2301017. [PMID: 37436692 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The success of state-of-the-art electronics and optoelectronics relies heavily on the capability to fabricate semiconductor single-crystal wafers. However, the conventional epitaxial growth strategy for inorganic wafers is invalid for growing organic semiconductor single crystals due to the lack of lattice-matched epitaxial substrates and intricate nucleation behaviors, severely impeding the advancement of organic single-crystal electronics. Here, an anchored crystal-seed epitaxial growth method for wafer-scale growth of 2D organic semiconductor single crystals is developed for the first time. The crystal seed is firmly anchored on the viscous liquid surface, ensuring the steady epitaxial growth of organic single crystals from the crystal seed. The atomically flat liquid surface effectively eliminates the disturbance from substrate defects and greatly enhances the 2D growth of organic crystals. Using this approach, a wafer-scale few-layer bis(triethylsilythynyl)-anthradithphene (Dif-TES-ADT) single crystal is formed, yielding a breakthrough for organic field-effect transistors with a high reliable mobility up to 8.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an ultralow mobility variable coefficient of 8.9%. This work opens a new avenue to fabricate organic single-crystal wafers for high-performance organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Ren
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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14
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Luo G, Shi J, Deng W, Chang Z, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Pan R, Jie J, Zhang X, Zhang X. Boosting the Performance of Organic Photodetectors with a Solution-Processed Integration Circuit toward Ubiquitous Health Monitoring. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2301020. [PMID: 37452606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic photodetectors, as an emerging wearable photoplethysmographic (PPG) technology, offer exciting opportunities for next-generation photonic healthcare electronics. However, the mutual restraints among photoresponse, structure complexity, and fabrication cost have intrinsically limited the development of organic photodetectors for ubiquitous health monitoring in daily activities. Here, an effective route to dramatically boost the performance of organic photodetectors with a solution-processed integration circuit for health monitoring application is reported. Through creating an ideal metal-semiconductor junction interface that minimizes the trap states within the device, solution-printed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are achieved with an ultrahigh signal amplification efficiency of 37.1 S A-1 , approaching the theoretical thermionic limit. Consequently, monolithic integration of the OFET with an organic photoconductor enables the remarkable amplification of photoresponse signal-to-noise ratio by more than four orders of magnitude from 5.5 to 4.6 × 105 , which is able to meet the demand for accurately extracting physiological information from the PPG waveforms. This work offers an effective and versatile approach to greatly enhance the photodetector performance, promising to revolutionize health monitoring technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhen Chang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjun Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rui Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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15
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Wang Z, Ma Y, Guo S, Yuan L, Hu Y, Huang Y, Chen X, Ji D, Bi J, Lei Y, Han C, Li L, Hu W. Suppressing the Intrinsic Photoelectric Response of Organic Semiconductors for Highly-Photostable Organic Transistors. Small 2023:e2304634. [PMID: 37626464 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing the photoelectric response of organic semiconductors (OSs) is of great significance for improving the operational stability of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in light environments, but it is quite challenging because of the great difficulty in precisely modulating exciton dynamics. In this work, photostable OFETs are demonstrated by designing the micro-structure of OSs and introducing an electrical double layer at the OS/polyelectrolyte dielectric interface, in which multiple exciton dynamic processes can be modulated. The generation and dissociation of excitons are depressed due to the small light-absorption area of the microstripe structure and the excellent crystallinity of OSs. At the same time, a highly efficient exciton quenching process is activated by the electrical double layer at the OS/polyelectrolyte dielectric interface. As a result, the OFETs show outstanding tolerance to the light irradiation of up to 306 mW·cm-2 , which far surpasses the solar irradiance value in the atmosphere (≈138 mW·cm-2 ) and achieves the highest photostability ever reported in the literature. The findings promise a general and practicable strategy for the realization of photostable OFETs and organic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yining Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shujing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liqian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinshun Bi
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Cheng Han
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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16
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Ye H, Ryu KY, Kwon HJ, Lee H, Wang R, Hong J, Choi HH, Nam SY, Lee J, Kong H, Kim SH. Amorphous Fluorinated Acrylate Polymer Dielectrics for Flexible Transistors and Logic Gates with High Operational Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37376772 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated amorphous polymeric gate-insulating materials for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) not only form hydrophobic surfaces but also significantly reduce traps at the interface between the organic semiconductor and gate insulator. Therefore, these polymeric materials can enhance the OTFT's operation stability. In this study, we synthesized a new polymeric insulating material series composed of acrylate and fluorinated functional groups (with different ratios) named MBHCa-F and used them as gate insulators for OTFTs and in other applications. The insulating features of the MBHCa-F polymers, including surface energy, surface atomic content properties, dielectric constant, and leakage current, were clearly analyzed with respect to the content of the fluorinated functional groups. At higher fluorine-based functional group content, the polymeric series exhibited higher fluorine-based contents at the surface and superior electrical properties, such as field-effect mobility and driving stability, at OTFTs. Therefore, we believe that this study provides a substantial method for synthesizing polymeric insulating materials to enhance the operational stability and electrical performance of OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Ka Yeon Ryu
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Nature Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Rixuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Nam
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoul Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Nature Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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17
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Ren C, Cao L, Wu T. Meniscus-Guided Deposition of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films: Materials, Mechanism, and Application in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Small 2023; 19:e2300151. [PMID: 36869409 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processable organic semiconductors are one of the promising materials for the next generation of organic electronic products, which call for high-performance materials and mature processing technologies. Among many solution processing methods, meniscus-guided coating (MGC) techniques have the advantages of large-area, low-cost, adjustable film aggregation, and good compatibility with the roll-to-roll process, showing good research results in the preparation of high-performance organic field-effect transistors. In this review, the types of MGC techniques are first listed and the relevant mechanisms (wetting mechanism, fluid mechanism, and deposition mechanism) are introduced. The MGC processes are focused and the effect of the key coating parameters on the thin film morphology and performance with examples is illustrated. Then, the performance of transistors based on small molecule semiconductors and polymer semiconductor thin films prepared by various MGC techniques is summarized. In the third section, various recent thin film morphology control strategies combined with the MGCs are introduced. Finally, the advanced progress of large-area transistor arrays and the challenges for roll-to-roll processes are presented using MGCs. Nowadays, the application of MGCs is still in the exploration stage, its mechanism is still unclear, and the precise control of film deposition still needs experience accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Ren
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| | - Long Cao
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| | - Ti Wu
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
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18
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Moon Y, Kim YJ, Yang D, Han N, Lee M, Kim DY. Corona Poling Induced Phase Transition to Highly Polar Phase in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) Dielectric and Charge Transport of Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37264497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the number of charge carriers flowing through the charge transport channel to improve the electrical performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is important because it leads to a low driving voltage and a high drain current value. This paper proposes a new strategy, the corona poling process, to enhance the electrical performance of OFETs using an external electric field when forming a dielectric film using a PVDF-based high-k dielectric terpolymer, P(VDF-TrFE-CFE). A corona poling process was applied to align the dipoles with high-k dielectric molecules and improve the capacitance, thereby increasing the number of charge carriers. Through this process, by observing the phase transition of a PVDF dielectric through a corona poling process in the GIWAXS data, the phase transition through an external electric field was thoroughly revealed for the first time. As a result, the capacitance of high-k dielectric films can be improved, and the amount of charge carriers can be increased by a simple corona poling process. In addition, to reduce the effect of deep trap sites caused by the dipole alignment, a thin low-k dielectric, polystyrene (PS), was introduced between the active and high-k dielectric layers to provide trap site passivation, thereby increasing the electrical performance of the OFET. Therefore, through this strategy, using a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer as an active material of OFET, the average saturation region hole mobility was improved from 0.34 to 0.60 cm2/Vs. Thus, the electrical performances of the OFETs were improved by enhancing the capacitance through the corona poling process and reducing the charge carrier trap sites introduced by the high-k and low-k bi-layer dielectric layer. Importantly, this work offers a new strategy for the post-treatment to improve electrical performance of organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Moon
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE) School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE) School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd, 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseong Yang
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE) School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Han
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE) School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE) School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE) School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zohaib M, Afzal T, Zahir Iqbal M, Almutairi BS, Ali Raza M, Maqsood MF, Raza MA, Riaz S, Naseem S, Iqbal MJ. Role of time-dependent foreign molecules bonding in the degradation mechanism of polymer field-effect transistors in ambient conditions. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221272. [PMID: 37325589 PMCID: PMC10265018 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-standing research efforts have enabled the widespread introduction of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in next-generation technologies. Concurrently, environmental and operational stability is the major bottleneck in commercializing OFETs. The underpinning mechanism behind these instabilities is still elusive. Here we demonstrate the effect of ambient air on the performance of p-type polymer field-effect transistors. After exposure to ambient air, the device showed significant variations in performance parameters for around 30 days, and then relatively stable behaviour was observed. Two competing mechanisms influencing environmental stability are the diffusion of moisture and oxygen in the metal-organic interface and the active organic layer of the OFET. We measured the time-dependent contact and channel resistances to probe which mechanism is dominant. We found that the dominant role in the degradation of the device stability is the channel resistance rather than the contact resistance. Through time-dependent Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, we systematically prove that moisture and oxygen cause performance variation in OFETs. FTIR spectra revealed that water and oxygen interact with the polymer chain and perturb its conjugation, thus resulting in degraded performance of the device upon prolonged exposure to ambient air. Our results are important in addressing the environmental instability of organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zohaib
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tahmina Afzal
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - M. Zahir Iqbal
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi-23640, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Badriah S. Almutairi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Ali Raza
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Universityof the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem Maqsood
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Universityof the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - M. Akram Raza
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - M. Javaid Iqbal
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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20
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Fang PH, Kuo PL, Wang YW, Cheng HL, Chou WY. Enhancement of Stability in n-Channel OFETs by Modulating Polymeric Dielectric. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112421. [PMID: 37299220 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a high-K material, aluminum oxide (AlOx), as the dielectric of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) was used to reduce the threshold and operating voltages, while focusing on achieving high-electrical-stability OFETs and retention in OFET-based memory devices. To achieve this, we modified the gate dielectric of OFETs using polyimide (PI) with different solid contents to tune the properties and reduce the trap state density of the gate dielectric, leading to controllable stability in the N, N'-ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C13)-based OFETs. Thus, gate field-induced stress can be compensated for by the carriers accumulated due to the dipole field created by electric dipoles within the PI layer, thereby improving the OFET's performance and stability. Moreover, if the OFET is modified by PI with different solid contents, it can operate more stably under fixed gate bias stress over time than the device with AlOx as the dielectric layer only can. Furthermore, the OFET-based memory devices with PI film showed good memory retention and durability. In summary, we successfully fabricated a low-voltage operating and stable OFET and an organic memory device in which the memory window has potential for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Fang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Lin Kuo
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Long Cheng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yang Chou
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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21
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Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu J, Lei M, Jiang L. Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays: Preparation and Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300483. [PMID: 36967565 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of organic semiconductor single crystal (OSSC) arrays has recently attracted considerable interest given their potential applications in flexible displays, smart wearable devices, biochemical sensors, etc. Patterning of OSSCs is the prerequisite for the realization of organic integrated circuits. Patterned OSSCs can not only decrease the crosstalk between adjacent organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), but also can be conveniently integrated with other device elements which facilitate circuits application. Tremendous efforts have been devoted in the controllable preparation of OSSC arrays, and great progress has been achieved. In this review, the general strategies for patterning OSSCs are summarized, along with the discussion of the advantages and limitations of different patterning methods. Given the identical thickness of monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) which is beneficial to achieve super uniformity of OSSC arrays and devices, patterning of MMCs is also emphasized. Then, OFET performance is summarized with comparison of the mobility and coefficient of variation based on the OSSC arrays prepared by different methods. Furthermore, advances of OSSC array-based circuits and flexible devices of different functions are highlighted. Finally, the challenges that need to be tackled in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hantang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 031000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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22
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Tran VV, Jeong G, Wi E, Lee D, Chang M. Design and Fabrication of Ultrathin Nanoporous Donor-Acceptor Copolymer-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Enhanced VOC Sensing Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:21270-21283. [PMID: 37092808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) chemical sensors with high sensing performance and good air stability has remained a persistent challenge, thereby hindering their practical application. Herein, an OFET sensor based on a donor-acceptor copolymer is shown to provide high responsivity, sensitivity, and selectivity toward polar volatile organic compounds, as well as good air stability. In detail, a polymer blend of N-alkyl-diketopyrrolo-pyrrole-dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DPP-DTT) and polystyrene is coated onto an FET substrate via shearing-assisted phase separation (SAPS) combined with selective solvent etching to fabricate the DPP-DTT-based OFET device having an ultrathin nanoporous structure suitable for gas sensing applications. This is achieved via optimization of the film morphology by varying the shear rate to adjust the dynamic balance between the shear and capillary forces to obtain an ultrathin thickness (∼8 nm) and nanopore size (80 nm) that are favorable for the efficient diffusion and interaction of analytes with the active layer. In particular, the sensor presents high responsivities toward methanol (∼70%), acetone (∼51.3%), ethanol (∼39%), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (∼29.8%), along with fast response and recovery times of ∼80 and 234 s, respectively. Moreover, the average sensitivity was determined to be 5.75%/ppm from the linear plot of the responsivity against the methanol concentration in the range of 1-100 ppm. Importantly, the device also exhibits excellent long-term (30-day) air and thermal storage stability, thereby demonstrating its high potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Van Tran
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Ganghoon Jeong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Eunsol Wi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Daeho Lee
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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23
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Nguyen M, Kraft U, Tan WL, Dobryden I, Broch K, Zhang W, Un HI, Simatos D, Venkateshavaran D, McCulloch I, Claesson PM, McNeill CR, Sirringhaus H. Improving OFF-State Bias-Stress Stability in High-Mobility Conjugated Polymer Transistors with an Antisolvent Treatment. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2205377. [PMID: 36373490 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer field-effect transistors are emerging as an enabling technology for flexible electronics due to their excellent mechanical properties combined with sufficiently high charge-carrier mobilities and compatibility with large-area, low-temperature processing. However, their electrical stability remains a concern. ON-state (accumulation mode) bias-stress instabilities in organic semiconductors have been widely studied, and multiple mitigation strategies have been suggested. In contrast, OFF-state (depletion mode) bias-stress instabilities remain poorly understood despite being crucial for many applications in which the transistors are held in their OFF-state for most of the time. Here, a simple method of using an antisolvent treatment is presented to achieve significant improvements in OFF-state bias-stress and environmental stability as well as general device performance for one of the best performing polymers, solution-processable indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT). IDT-BT is weakly crystalline, and the notable improvements to an antisolvent-induced, increased degree of crystallinity, resulting in a lower probability of electron trapping and the removal of charge traps is attributed. The work highlights the importance of the microstructure in weakly crystalline polymer films and offers a simple processing strategy for achieving the reliability required for applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Nguyen
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ulrike Kraft
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, PI-P, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Illia Dobryden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Experimental Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, University of Tübingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dimitrios Simatos
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Deepak Venkateshavaran
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Per M Claesson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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24
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Yokoyama S, Ie Y. Fluorinated Dihydropentalene-1,4-Dione: A Strong Electron-Accepting Unit with Organic Semiconductor Characteristics. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203873. [PMID: 36639357 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of electron-accepting units is of significant importance because the construction of donor (D)-acceptor (A) configurations is an effective strategy for tuning the electronic properties of π-conjugated systems. Although doubly fused pentagons represented by diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) have been used as an effective electron-accepting unit, the relatively high-lying frontier molecular orbital levels (FMOs) leave room for further improvement. We report herein the synthesis of a fluorinated dihydropentalene-1,4-dione (FPD) derivative as a strong electron-accepting unit and the development of D-A-D π-extended molecules. X-ray analyses revealed that the presence of fluorine atoms contributed to the formation of high planar structures and slipped-stacked packing. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the FPD derivatives showed relatively lower FMO energy levels than the corresponding DPP-containing derivatives. The D-A-D molecule based on terthiophene and FPD showed semiconducting responses. This study demonstrates that the FPD unit can function as a new acceptor unit for organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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25
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Chen J, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Research Progress of Organic Small-Molecule Semiconductors with High Electron Mobilities. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2210772. [PMID: 36519670 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics has made great progress in the past decades, which is inseparable from the innovative development of organic electronic devices and the diversity of organic semiconductor materials. It is worth mentioning that both of these great advances are inextricably linked to the development of organic high-performance semiconductor materials, especially the representative n-type organic small-molecule semiconductor materials with high electron mobilities. The n-type organic small molecules have the advantages of simple synthesis process, strong intermolecular stacking, tunable molecular structure, and easy to functionalize structures. Furthermore, the n-type semiconductor is a remarkable and important component for constructing complementary logic circuits and p-n heterojunction structures. Therefore, n-type organic semiconductors play an extremely important role in the field of organic electronic materials and are the basis for the industrialization of organic electronic functional devices. This review focuses on the modification strategies of organic small molecules with high electron mobility at molecular level, and discusses in detail the applications of n-type small-molecule semiconductor materials with high mobility in organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting transistors, organic photodetectors, and gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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26
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Kurlekar K, Anjali A, Imran PM, Nagarajan S. High-Performance Organic Field-effect Transistors from Functionalized Zinc Meso-Porphyrins. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200375. [PMID: 36150080 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of new zinc porphyrins were synthesized, and their charge transport property was tuned by introducing various groups. Triarylamine was introduced to the porphyrin moiety at the meso-position as an electron donor, enhancing the charge carrier mobility. All the synthesized zinc porphyrins are thermally stable with a decomposition temperature over 178 °C. High frontier molecular orbitals levels of these compounds make them stable donor materials. SEM analysis of zinc porphyrins fabricated by spin-coating resulted in diversely self-assembled films. Field-effect transistors were fabricated using bottom-gate/top-contact architecture (BGTC) by solution-processable technique. The higher charge carrier mobility of 5.17 cm2 /Vs with on/off of 106 was obtained for trifluoromethyl substituted compound due to better molecular packing. In addition, GIXRD analysis revealed zinc porphyrins films crystalline nature, which supports its better charge carrier mobility. The present investigation has validated that zinc porphyrin building blocks are an attractive candidate for p-channel OFET devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kurlekar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University Of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Anshika Anjali
- Department of Chemistry, Central University Of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | | | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Central University Of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
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27
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Zhao Q, Zhu S, Peng J. Unraveling the Co-Crystallization-Charge Transport Relation in Conjugated Polymer Blends via Meniscus-Assisted Solution-Shearing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200622. [PMID: 36103725 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to craft the co-crystallization in conjugated polymer blends represents an important endeavor for the enhancement of charge transport. However, simple and efficient approaches to co-crystallization have yet to be realized. Herein, for the first time, a robust meniscus-assisted solution-shearing (MASS) strategy is reported to achieve co-crystallization in the poly(2,5-bis(3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C6) and poly(2,5-bis(3-decylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C10) blended films, and correlate this co-crystalline structure to the charge transport properties. The as-cast PBTTT-C6/PBTTT-C10 blends exhibit co-crystalline or phase-separated structures influenced by their molecular weights. Interestingly, confined-shearing of the initial phase-separated blended solution to MASS produces the formation of their co-crystallization. The co-crystallization kinetics accompanied by the chain packing change and optical properties are scrutinized. Finally, the resulting organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) signify the cocrystal-facilitated charge transport in the blends. Conceptually, this efficient MASS strategy in rendering the co-crystallization in conjugated polymer blends can be readily extended to other conjugated polymer blends of interest for a variety of device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shuyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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28
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Nakano K, Kaji Y, Tajima K. Impact of Narrowing Density of States in Semiconducting Polymers on Performance of Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Small 2023; 19:e2205570. [PMID: 36408887 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To improve the performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) employing π-conjugated polymers, a basic understanding of the relationships between the material properties and device characteristics is crucial. Although the density of states (DOS) distribution is one of the essential material properties of semiconducting polymers, insights into how the DOS shape affects the mobility (µ), subthreshold swing (S), and contact resistance (RC ) in OFETs remain lacking. In this study, by combining sensitive DOS measurements and multilayered OFET structures, it is experimentally demonstrated that narrower DOS widths in the polymer channels lead to higher µ, smaller S, and lower RC . By contrast, variation of the DOS in the bulk layer does not affect the performance. These results demonstrate a direct relationship between the polymer properties and OFET performance and highlight the importance of controlling the DOS width in π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kaji
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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29
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Irfan A, Al-Sehemi AG, Kalam A. Tuning the Electronic and Charge Transport Properties of Schiff Base Compounds by Electron Donor and/or Acceptor Groups. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8590. [PMID: 36500086 PMCID: PMC9736113 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have gained substantial interest as active materials in electronic devices due to their advantages over conventional semiconductors. We first designed four Schiff base compounds, then the effect of electron donor/acceptor groups (methyl/nitro) was studied on the compounds' electronic and transport nature. The absorption spectra (λabs) were computed by time-dependent DFT at TD-B3LYP/6-31+G** level. The effect of different solvents (ethanol, DMF, DMSO, and acetone) was investigated on the λabs. The substitution of the -NO2 group to the furan moiety at the 5th position in Compound 3 leads to a red-shift in the absorption spectrum. A smaller hole reorganization energy value in Compound 3 would be beneficial to get the hole's intrinsic mobility. In contrast, a reduced-electron reorganization energy value of Compound 4 than hole may result in enhanced electron charge transfer capabilities. The reorganization energies of compounds 1 and 2 exposed balanced hole/electron transport probability. The optical, electronic, and charge transport properties at the molecular level indicate that Compound 3 is suitable for organic electronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abul Kalam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Fu B, Yang F, Sun L, Zhao Q, Ji D, Sun Y, Zhang X, Hu W. Challenging Bendable Organic Single Crystal and Transistor Arrays with High Mobility and Durability toward Flexible Electronics. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2203330. [PMID: 35916258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bendable organic single crystals are promising candidates for flexible electronics owing to their superior charge-transport properties. However, large-area high-quality organic single crystals are rarely available on the polymer substrates generally used in flexible electronics. Here, a surface-assisted assembly strategy based on a polymer modification, poly(amic acid) (PAA), is developed to grow large-area organic singe crystals on polymer substrates using a simple drop-casting method. The unique surface properties of PAA that enable molecular solution superwetting and promote molecular ordered assembly produce an extraordinary self-driven "meniscus-guided coating" behavior, enabling the fabrication of millimeter-sized, highly aligned organic single crystals for a variety of organic semiconductors. Organic field-effect transistors based on a mode molecule of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene demonstrate the highest (average) mobility of 18.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 (15.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), attractively low operating voltage of -3 V, and high flexible durability. The results shed light on the large-area fabrication of organic single crystals on polymer dielectrics toward high-performance and integrated plastic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fangxu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lingjie Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, P. R. China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
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31
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Wang L, Chen X, Yi Z, Xu R, Dong J, Wang S, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Facile Synthesis of Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanotubes for Ultrahigh-Performance Flexible NO Sensors. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2200581. [PMID: 35931460 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cu-benzenehexathiol (Cu-BHT) has attracted significant attention due to its record high electrical conductivity and crystal defects Cu2c . However, the nonporous structure and small specific surface area of Cu-BHT with two-dimensional kagome lattice invariably limit its practical application in sensing and catalysis. In this work, Cu-BHT nanotubes (Cu-BHT-NTs) are designed and prepared via a facile homogeneous reaction to solve these problems. Compared with the traditional nanorod-like structure, the Cu-BHT-NTs not only have a higher specific surface area but also possess a higher proportion of crystal defects (66.6%). The successfully configured DPPTT/Cu-BHT-NTs heterostructure organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity as high as 13 610%, a minimum detection limits down to 5 ppb, and exceptional selectivity to nitric oxide (NO) toxic gases. Theoretical analysis systematically shows that Cu2c sites in the Cu-BHT-NTs increase the number of electrons transferred from the heterostructure to NO molecules, confirming that the high sensitivity and selectivity result from the high binding between Cu-BHT-NTs and NO molecules. Furthermore, a fully flexible device based on the heterojunction OFET sensor is prepared to ensure the convenience of wearing and carrying gas sensors, opening up a new avenue for the next generation of wearable intelligent electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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32
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Lee H, Moon B, Kim MJ, Kim HS, Hwang DH, Kang B, Cho K. Fluorination-Induced Charge Trapping and Operational Instability in Conjugated-Polymer Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:39098-39108. [PMID: 35972221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination of a conjugated polymer backbone is an effective strategy to control the microstructure and electronic structure of a conjugated polymer. Although fluorination has been widely reported to increase charge carrier mobility, its effect on the operational stability of electronic devices has not been extensively investigated. Here, the effect of fluorination of a conjugated polymer backbone on charge trapping and the operational stability of organic field-effect transistors is investigated. The results show that the device based on a fluorinated conjugated polymer exhibits relatively poor operational stability despite its greater charge carrier mobility compared with that in the device based on its nonfluorinated polymer counterpart. Experimental results reveal that the low stability originates from the greater degree of shallow trapping of charge carriers within the fluorinated polymer thin film and that the shallow trapping is closely related to the presence of minority charge carriers. A mechanism of charge trapping is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Byungho Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Min-Jae Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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Höppner M, Kheradmand‐Boroujeni B, Vahland J, Sawatzki MF, Kneppe D, Ellinger F, Kleemann H. High-Frequency Operation of Vertical Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201660. [PMID: 35754312 PMCID: PMC9403633 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The high-frequency and low-voltage operation of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is a key requirement for the commercial success of flexible electronics. Significant progress has been achieved in this regard by several research groups highlighting the potential of OTFTs to operate at several tens or even above 100 MHz. However, technology maturity, including scalability, integrability, and device reliability, is another crucial point for the semiconductor industry to bring OTFT-based flexible electronics into mass production. These requirements are often not met by high-frequency OTFTs reported in the literature as unconventional processes, such as shadow-mask patterning or alignment with unrealistic tolerances for production, are used. Here, ultra-short channel vertical organic field-effect transistors (VOFETs) with a unity current gain cut-off frequency (fT ) up to 43.2 MHz (or 4.4 MHz V-1 ) operating below 10 V are shown. Using state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques such as photolithography with reliable fabrication procedures, the integration of such devices down to the size of only 12 × 6 µm2 is shown, which is important for the adaption of this technology in high-density circuits (e.g., display driving). The intrinsic channel transconductance is analyzed and demonstrates that the frequencies up to 430 MHz can be reached if the parasitic electrode overlap is minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Höppner
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Bahman Kheradmand‐Boroujeni
- Chair of Circuit Design and Network Theory (CCN)Technische Universität DresdenHelmholtz Str. 1801069DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Technische Universität DresdenWürzburgerstr. 4601187DresdenGermany
| | - Jörn Vahland
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Michael Franz Sawatzki
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - David Kneppe
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Frank Ellinger
- Chair of Circuit Design and Network Theory (CCN)Technische Universität DresdenHelmholtz Str. 1801069DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Technische Universität DresdenWürzburgerstr. 4601187DresdenGermany
| | - Hans Kleemann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
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34
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Lee JH, Chun JH, Chung HJ, Lee WH. Microstructural Control of Soluble Acene Crystals for Field-Effect Transistor Gas Sensors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2564. [PMID: 35893530 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Microstructural control during the solution processing of small-molecule semiconductors (namely, soluble acene) is important for enhancing the performance of field-effect transistors (FET) and sensors. This focused review introduces strategies to enhance the gas-sensing properties (sensitivity, recovery, selectivity, and stability) of soluble acene FET sensors by considering their sensing mechanism. Defects, such as grain boundaries and crystal edges, provide diffusion pathways for target gas molecules to reach the semiconductor-dielectric interface, thereby enhancing sensitivity and recovery. Representative studies on grain boundary engineering, patterning, and pore generation in the formation of soluble acene crystals are reviewed. The phase separation and microstructure of soluble acene/polymer blends for enhancing gas-sensing performance are also reviewed. Finally, flexible gas sensors using soluble acenes and soluble acene/polymer blends are introduced, and future research perspectives in this field are suggested.
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35
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Chen S, Zhu S, Lin Z, Peng J. Transforming Polymorphs via Meniscus-Assisted Solution-Shearing Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Nano 2022; 16:11194-11203. [PMID: 35776757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune polymorphs of conjugated polymers affords a robust platform for investigating the processing-structure-property relationship. However, simple and generalizable routes to polymorphs have yet to be realized. Herein, we report a viable meniscus-assisted solution-shearing (MASS) strategy to effectively modulate polymorphs (i.e., polymorphs I and II) of poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) and scrutinize the correlation between the two different polymorphs and charge transport characteristics. Specifically, polymorph II exists solely in drop-cast P3BT films. Intriguingly, confined shearing of P3BT renders efficient transformation of polymorph II to I. The kinetics of polymorph transformation associated with the changes in molecular packing and thus photophysical properties are elucidated. The resulting organic field-effect transistors reveal a strong correlation of device performance to attained polymorphs and crystal orientations of P3BT. Such polymorph transformation via the convenient MASS technique can be readily extended to other conjugated polymers of interest. This study highlights the robustness of MASS in regulating polymorphs of conjugated polymers to interrogate their interdependence of processing, structure, and property for a wide range of optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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36
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Chen L, Hu Y, Huang H, Liu C, Zang Y, Wu D, Xia J. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Device Engineering: Toward Organic Field-Effect Transistor-Based High-Performance Gas Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:32299-32307. [PMID: 35796606 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronic-based gas sensors hold great potential for portable healthcare- and environment-monitoring applications. It has recently been shown that introducing a porous structure into an organic semiconductor (OSC) film is an efficient way to improve the gas-sensing performance because it facilitates the interaction between the gaseous analyte and the active layer. Although several methods have been used to generate porous structures, the development of a robust approach that can facilely engineer the porous OSC film with a uniform pore pattern remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a robust approach to fabricate porous OSC films by using a femtosecond laser-processed porous dielectric layer template. With this laser-assisted strategy, various polymeric OSC layers with controllable pore size and well-defined pore patterns were achieved. The consequent porous p-type polymer-based device exhibits enhanced sensitivity to the ammonia analyte in the range from 100 ppb to 10 ppm with remarkable reproducibility and selectivity. The micropattern of the active layer was precisely controlled by generating various pore densities in the predecorated templates, which results in modulated ammonia sensitivities ranging from 30 to 65% ppm-1. Furthermore, we show that this approach can be used to fabricate flexible gas sensors with enhanced sensing performance and mechanical durability, which indicate that this femtosecond laser-assisted approach is very promising for the fabrication of next-generation wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuzhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huaxi Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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Jouclas R, Liu J, Volpi M, Silva de Moraes L, Garbay G, McIntosh N, Bardini M, Lemaur V, Vercouter A, Gatsios C, Modesti F, Turetta N, Beljonne D, Cornil J, Kennedy AR, Koch N, Erk P, Samorì P, Schweicher G, Geerts YH. Dinaphthotetrathienoacenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105674. [PMID: 35297223 PMCID: PMC9259716 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The charge transport of crystalline organic semiconductors is limited by dynamic disorder that tends to localize charges. It is the main hurdle to overcome in order to significantly increase charge carrier mobility. An innovative design that combines a chemical structure based on sulfur-rich thienoacene with a solid-state herringbone (HB) packing is proposed and the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and charge transport properties of two new thienoacenes bearing a central tetrathienyl core fused with two external naphthyl rings: naphtho[2,3-b]thieno-[2''',3''':4'',5'']thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno[3',2'-b]naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene (DN4T) and naphtho[1,2-b]thieno-[2''',3''':4'',5'']thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[3',2'-b]naphtho[1,2-b]thiophene are presented. Both compounds crystallize with a HB pattern structure and present transfer integrals ranging from 33 to 99 meV (for the former) within the HB plane of charge transport. Molecular dynamics simulations point toward an efficient resilience of the transfer integrals to the intermolecular sliding motion commonly responsible for strong variations of the electronic coupling in the crystal. Best device performances are reached with DN4T with hole mobility up to μ = 2.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 in polycrystalline organic field effect transistors, showing the effectiveness of the electronic coupling enabled by the new aromatic core. These promising results pave the way to the design of high-performing materials based on this new thienoacene, notably through the introduction of alkyl side-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Martina Volpi
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Lygia Silva de Moraes
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Nemo McIntosh
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Marco Bardini
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Alexandre Vercouter
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Christos Gatsios
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH12489BerlinGermany
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universitat zu Berlin12489BerlinGermany
| | | | - Nicholas Turetta
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 Alleé Gaspard MongeStrasbourgF‐67000France
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Dept. of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeCathedral Street 295GlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Norbert Koch
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH12489BerlinGermany
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universitat zu Berlin12489BerlinGermany
| | - Peter Erk
- BASF SERCS – J542S67056Ludwigshafen am RheinGermany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 Alleé Gaspard MongeStrasbourgF‐67000France
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Yves H. Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes for Physics and ChemistryUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 231Bruxelles1050Belgium
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38
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Stecko S, Gryko DT. Multifunctional Heteropentalenes: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. JACS Au 2022; 2:1290-1305. [PMID: 35783172 PMCID: PMC9241017 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the broad family of heteropentalenes, the combination of two five-membered heterocyclic rings fused in the [3,2-b] mode has attracted the most significant attention. The relatively straightforward access to these structures, being a consequence of the advances in the last two decades, combined with their physicochemical properties which match the requirements associated with many applications has led to an explosion of applied research. In this Perspective, we will discuss the recent progress of heteropentalenes' usefulness as an active element of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. Among the myriad of possible combinations for the different heteroatoms, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are subject to the most intense studies. Together they comprise a potent optoelectronics tool resulting from the combination of appreciable photophysical properties, chemical reactivity, and straightforward synthesis.
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Chen Z, Duan S, Zhang X, Geng B, Xiao Y, Jie J, Dong H, Li L, Hu W. Organic Semiconductor Crystal Engineering for High-Resolution Layer-Controlled 2D Crystal Arrays. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2104166. [PMID: 34416051 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D organic semiconductor crystals (2DOSCs) have extraordinary charge transport capability, adjustable photoelectric properties, and superior flexibility, and have stimulated continuous research interest for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic applications. The prerequisite for achieving large-area and high-throughput optoelectronic device integration is to fabricate high-resolution 2DOSC arrays. Patterned substrate- and template-assisted self-assembly is an effective strategy to fabricate OSC arrays. However, the film thickness is difficult to control due to the complicated crystallization process during solvent evaporation. Therefore, the manufacturing of 2DOSC arrays with high-resolution and controllable molecular-layer numbers through solution-based patterning methods remains a challenge. Herein, a two-step strategy to produce high-resolution layer-controlled 2DOSC arrays is reported. First, large-scale 2DOSCs with well-defined layer numbers are obtained by a solution-processed organic semiconductor crystal engineering method. Next, the high-resolution layer-controlled 2DOSC arrays are fabricated by a polydimethylsiloxane mold-assisted selective contact evaporation printing technique. The organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on 2DOSC arrays have high electrical performance and excellent uniformity. The 2,6-bis(4-hexylphenyl)anthracene 2DOSC arrays-based OFETs have a small variation of 12.5% in mobility. This strategy can be applied to various organic semiconductors and pattern arrays. These demonstrations will offer more opportunities for 2DOSCs for integrated optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuming Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bowen Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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40
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Chen J, Yang J, Guo Y, Liu Y. Acceptor Modulation Strategies for Improving the Electron Transport in High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2104325. [PMID: 34605074 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance ambipolar and electronic type semiconducting polymers are essential for fabricating various organic optoelectronic devices and complementary circuits. This review summarizes the strategies of improving the electron transport of semiconducting polymers via acceptor modulation strategies, which include the use of single, dual, triple, multiple, and all acceptors as well as the fusion of multiple identical acceptors to obtain new heterocyclic acceptors. To further improve the electron transport of semiconducting polymers, the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups can enhance the electron-withdrawing ability of donors and acceptors, thereby facilitating electron injection and suppressing hole accumulation. In addition, the relationships between the molecular structure, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, thin film morphology, microstructure, processing conditions, and device performances are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges encountered in this research area are proposed and the future outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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41
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Chen H, Zhang W, Ren S, Zhao X, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Stoddart JF, Guo X. Temperature-Triggered Supramolecular Assembly of Organic Semiconductors. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2101487. [PMID: 34247415 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assembly is a promising bottom-up approach for producing materials that behave as charge transporting components in electronic devices. Although extensive advances have been made during the past two decades, formidable challenges exist in controlling the local randomness present in supramolecular assemblies. Here, a temperature-triggered supramolecular assembly strategy using heat to heal defects and disorders is reported. The central concept of the molecular design-named the "Tetris strategy" in this research-is to: i) increase the rotational freedom of the molecules through thermal perturbation, ii) induce conformation-fitting of adjacent molecules through two different kinds of intermolecular [π···π] interactions, and finally iii) lock the nearby molecules in inactive co-conformations. Experimentally, upon heating to 57 °C, amorphous solid-state films undergo spontaneous assembly, leading to the growth of uniform and highly ordered microwire arrays. Temperature-triggered supramolecular assembly provides an approach closer to the precision control of assembled structures and presents with a broad canvas to work on in approaching a new generation of supramolecular electronics. Tetris is a registered trademark of Tetris Holding, LLC, used with permission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Weining Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shizhao Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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42
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Lu W, Cao J, Zhai C, Bu L, Lu G, Zhu Y. Enhanced Performance of Organic Field-Effect Transistors by a Molecular Dopant with High Electron Affinity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23709-23716. [PMID: 35548972 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are attractive for next-generation electronics, while doping plays an important role in their performance optimization. In this work, a soluble molecular dopant with high electron affinity, CN6-CP, is investigated to manipulate the performance of OFETs with a p-type organic semiconductor as the transport layer. The performance of the model 2,7-didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C12-BTBT) bottom-gate top-contact (BGTC) OFETs is greatly optimized upon doping by CN6-CP, and the field-effect mobility is improved from 5.5 to 11.1 cm2 V-1 s-1, with a widely tunable threshold voltage from -40 to +5 V. Improvements in performance also appear in CN6-CP doped BGBC OFETs. As compared with commonly used molecular dopant F4-TCNQ, CN6-CP exhibits excellent doping effects and great potential for organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlong Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jingning Cao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Chenyang Zhai
- The High School Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Laju Bu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
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43
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Kwon HJ, Tang X, Kim S, Li Z, Wang R, Park BH, Kim C, Kim S, Hong J, Ryu KY, Choi HH, An TK, Lee J, Kim SH. Molecular Engineering of Printed Semiconducting Blends to Develop Organic Integrated Circuits: Crystallization, Charge Transport, and Device Application Analyses. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23678-23691. [PMID: 35544719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-based printing has contributed to the facile deposition of various types of materials, including the building blocks of printed electronics. In particular, solution-processable organic semiconductors (OSCs) are regarded as one of the most fascinating candidates for the fabrication of printed electronics. Herein, we report electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet-printed p- and n-type OSCs, namely 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and 6,13-bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)-5,7,12,14-tetraazapentacene (TIPS-TAP), and their use as single-OSC layers and as OSC mixed p-n layers to fabricate solution-processed p-, n-, and ambipolar-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Use of the dragging mode of EHD jet printing, a process driven under a low electrostatic field with a short nozzle-to-substrate distance, was found to provide favorable conditions for growth of TIPS-PEN and TIPS-TAP crystals. In this way, the similar molecular structures of TIPS-PEN and TIPS-TAP yielded a homogeneous solid solution and showed ambipolar transport properties in OFETs. Therefore, the combination of single- and mixed-OSC layers enabled the preparation of various charge-transported devices from unit to integrated devices (NOT, NAND, NOR, and multivalued logic). Therefore, this fabrication technology can be useful for assisting in the production of OSC layers for practical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok-Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Xiaowu Tang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Seonghyeon Kim
- Department of IT·Energy Convergence (BK21 Four), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhijun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Rixuan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Park
- EMNI Co., Ltd., 14, Seocheon-ro 201beon-gil, Yongin 17111, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheulhwan Kim
- Department of IT·Energy Convergence (BK21 Four), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of IT·Energy Convergence (BK21 Four), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ka Yeon Ryu
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Tae Kyu An
- Department of IT·Energy Convergence (BK21 Four), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Department of IT·Energy Convergence (BK21 Four), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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44
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Shi J, Jie J, Deng W, Luo G, Fang X, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X. A Fully Solution-Printed Photosynaptic Transistor Array with Ultralow Energy Consumption for Artificial-Vision Neural Networks. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2200380. [PMID: 35243701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynaptic organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) represent a viable pathway to develop bionic optoelectronics. However, the high operating voltage and current of traditional photosynaptic OFETs lead to huge energy consumption greater than that of the real biological synapses, hindering their further development in new-generation visual prosthetics and artificial perception systems. Here, a fully solution-printed photosynaptic OFET (FSP-OFET) with substantial energy consumption reduction is reported, where a source Schottky barrier is introduced to regulate charge-carrier injection, and which operates with a fundamentally different mechanism from traditional devices. The FSP-OFET not only significantly lowers the working voltage and current but also provides extraordinary neuromorphic light-perception capabilities. Consequently, the FSP-OFET successfully emulates visual nervous responses to external light stimuli with ultralow energy consumption of 0.07-34 fJ per spike in short-term plasticity and 0.41-19.87 fJ per spike in long-term plasticity, both approaching the energy efficiency of biological synapses (1-100 fJ). Moreover, an artificial optic-neural network made from an 8 × 8 FSP-OFET array on a flexible substrate shows excellent image recognition and reinforcement abilities at a low energy cost. The designed FSP-OFET offers an opportunity to realize photonic neuromorphic functionality with extremely low energy consumption dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gan Luo
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Fang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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45
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Gao C, Shi D, Li C, Yu X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang D. A Dual Functional Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymer as Single Component Semiconducting Photoresist by Appending Azide Groups in the Side Chains. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2106087. [PMID: 35318828 PMCID: PMC9130897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular systems that can function as photoresists are essential for the fabrication of flexible electronics through all-photolithographic processes. Most of the reported molecular systems for photo-patterning of polymeric semiconductors contain binary or multi-components. In comparison, single component semiconducting photoresist is advantageous since it will circumvent the optimization of phase separation and ensure the patterned semiconducting thin films to be more uniform. In this paper, a single component semiconducting photoresist (PDPP4T-N3 ) by incorporating azide groups into the branching alkyl chains of a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymer is reported. The results reveal that i) the azide groups make the side chains to be photo-cross-linkable; ii) uniform patterns with size as small as 5 µm form under mild UV irradiation (365 nm, 85 mW cm-2 ) at ambient conditions; iii) such photo-induced cross-linking does not affect the inter-chain packing; iv) benefiting from the single component feature, field-effect transistors (FETs) with the individual patterned thin films display satisfactorily uniform performances with average charge mobility of 0.61 ± 0.10 cm2 V-1 s-1 and threshold voltage of 3.49 ± 1.43 V. These results offer a simple yet effective design strategy for high-performance single component semiconducting photoresists, which hold great potentials for flexible electronics processed by all-photolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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46
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Frolova L, Furmansky Y, Shestakov AF, Emelianov NA, Liddell PA, Gust D, Visoly-Fisher I, Troshin PA. Advanced Nonvolatile Organic Optical Memory Using Self-Assembled Monolayers of Porphyrin-Fullerene Dyads. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:15461-15467. [PMID: 35343673 PMCID: PMC8990517 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photo-switchable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) represent an important platform for designing memory devices for a diverse array of products including security (brand-protection, copy-protection, keyless entry, etc.), credit cards, tickets, and multiple wearable organic electronics applications. Herein, we present a new concept by introducing self-assembled monolayers of donor-acceptor porphyrin-fullerene dyads as light-responsive triggers modulating the electrical characteristics of OFETs and thus pave the way to the development of advanced nonvolatile optical memory. The devices demonstrated wide memory windows, high programming speeds, and long retention times. Furthermore, we show a remarkable effect of the orientation of the fullerene-polymer dyads at the dielectric/semiconductor interface on the device behavior. In particular, the dyads anchored to the dielectric by the porphyrin part induced a reversible photoelectrical switching of OFETs, which is characteristic of flash memory elements. On the contrary, the devices utilizing the dyad anchored by the fullerene moiety demonstrated irreversible switching, thus operating as read-only memory (ROM). A mechanism explaining this behavior is proposed using theoretical DFT calculations. The results suggest the possibility of revisiting hundreds of known donor-acceptor dyads designed previously for artificial photosynthesis or other purposes as versatile optical triggers in advanced OFET-based multibit memory devices for emerging electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov
A. Frolova
- Institute
for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences,Semenov av. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Yulia Furmansky
- Yersin
Department of Solar Energy & Environmental Physics, Blaustein
Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Alexander F. Shestakov
- Institute
for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences,Semenov av. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Emelianov
- Institute
for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences,Semenov av. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Paul A. Liddell
- School
of Molecular Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School
of Molecular Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Iris Visoly-Fisher
- Yersin
Department of Solar Energy & Environmental Physics, Blaustein
Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Pavel A. Troshin
- Institute
for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences,Semenov av. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
- Silesian
University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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47
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Deng W, Lei H, Zhang X, Sheng F, Shi J, Zhang X, Liu X, Grigorian S, Zhang X, Jie J. Scalable Growth of Organic Single-Crystal Films via an Orientation Filter Funnel for High-Performance Transistors with Excellent Uniformity. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2109818. [PMID: 35073612 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystal films (OSCFs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for the development of new-generation organic single-crystal electronics. However, crystallization of organic films is normally governed by stochastic nucleation and incoherent growth, posing a formidable challenge to grow large-sized OSCFs. Here, an "orientation filter funnel" concept is presented for the scalable growth of OSCFs with well-aligned, singly orientated crystals. By rationally designing solvent wetting/dewetting patterns on the substrate, this approach can produce seed crystals with the same crystallographic orientation and then maintain epitaxial growth of these crystals, enabling the formation of large-area OSCFs. As a result, this unique concept for crystal growth not only enhances the average mobility of organic film by 4.5-fold but also improves its uniformity of electrical properties, with a low mobility variable coefficient of 9.8%, the new lowest record among organic devices. The method offers a general and scalable route to produce OSCFs toward real-word electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hemeng Lei
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fangming Sheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiali Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Souren Grigorian
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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48
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Dong Y, Sun Y, Liu J, Shi X, Li H, Zhang J, Li C, Yi Y, Mo S, Fan L, Jiang L. Thermally Stable Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Asymmetric BTBT Derivatives for High Performance Solar-Blind Photodetectors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2106085. [PMID: 35182036 PMCID: PMC9036011 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-performance solar-blind photodetectors are widely studied due to their unique significance in military and industrial applications. Yet the rational molecular design for materials to possess strong absorption in solar-blind region is rarely addressed. Here, an organic solar-blind photodetector is reported by designing a novel asymmetric molecule integrated strong solar-blind absorption with high charge transport property. Such alkyl substituted [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]-benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives Cn-BTBTN (n = 6, 8, and 10) can be easily assembled into 2D molecular crystals and perform high mobility up to 3.28 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is two orders of magnitude higher than the non-substituted core BTBTN. Cn-BTBTNs also exhibit dramatically higher thermal stability than the symmetric alkyl substituted C8-BTBT. Moreover, C10-BTBTN films with the highest mobility and strongest solar-blind absorption among the Cn-BTBTNs are applied for solar-blind photodetectors, which reveal record-high photosensitivity and detectivity up to 1.60 × 107 and 7.70 × 1014 Jones. Photodetector arrays and flexible devices are also successfully fabricated. The design strategy can provide guidelines for developing materials featuring high thermal stability and stimulating such materials in solar-blind photodetector application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicai Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Xiaosong Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Song Mo
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐tech Polymer MaterialsChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐tech Polymer MaterialsChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
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49
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Kim DE, Park JW, Seo S, Baeg KJ. Versatile Solution-Processed Reductive Interface Layer for Contact Engineering of Staggered Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:13560-13571. [PMID: 35258275 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient charge injection/extraction from/to contact electrodes is essential to realize organic electronic and optoelectronic devices with optimum characteristics for many applications. Herein, we studied a versatile reductive interlayer based on sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to control the contact properties of the staggered organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) either by doping and/or by regulating the contribution of charge carriers. The versatile functionalities of the NaBH4 layer are mainly determined by the alignment of frontier molecular orbitals of donor-acceptor (D-A) type copolymer semiconductors and the work function of the contact electrode. After incorporating the NaBH4 layer, the work function of the bottom-contact gold electrode can be decreased significantly by 1.0 eV, which makes it favorable to efficient electron injection. An Ohmic contact is achieved by the spontaneous injection of electrons to the n-type organic semiconductors with high electron affinity while converting the OFET operation mode to n-type characteristics by blocking the counter-charge carriers for the other types of ambipolar and p-type semiconductors. The solution-processed reducing agent can be a valuable approach to develop high-performance printed and flexible electronic devices through careful engineering to obtain proper contributions of charge carriers either as electrons or holes in various D-A copolymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Eun Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Woo Park
- Next-Generation Battery Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), 12 Jeongiui-gil, Seongsan-gu,Changwon-si 51543, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SungYong Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jun Baeg
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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50
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Wei P, Shen Z, Qin X, Zhang P, Bu L, Chen Q, Roth SV, Lu G. Improving Charge Injection at Gold/Conjugated Polymer Contacts by Polymer Insulator-Assisted Annealing for Transistors. Small 2022; 18:e2105896. [PMID: 34913586 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The poor chemical miscibility between metal and organic materials usually leads to both structural and energetic mismatches at gold/organic interfaces, and thereby, high contact resistance of organic electronic devices. This study shows that the contact resistance of organic field-effect transistors is significantly reduced by one order of magnitude, by reforming the contact interface between gold electrodes and conjugated polymers upon a polymer insulator-assisted thermal annealing. Upon an optimized solution process, the conjugated polymer is homogenously distributed within the amorphous polymer insulator matrix with relatively low glass transition temperature, and thus, even a moderate annealing temperature can induce sufficient motion of conjugated polymer chains to simultaneously adjust the polymer orientation and improve the packing of gold atoms. Consequently, gold/conjugated polymer contact is reorganized after annealing, which improves both charge transport from bulk gold to interface and charge injection from gold into conjugated polymers. This method, with appropriate insulator matrix, is effective for improving the injection of both holes and electrons, and widely applicable for many unipolar and ambipolar conjugated polymers to optimize the device performance and simultaneously increase the optical transparency (over 80%). A frequency doubler and a phase modulator are demonstrated, respectively, using the ambipolar transistors with optimized charge injection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zichao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Xinsu Qin
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Laju Bu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guanghao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
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