151
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Schwartz TJ, Johnson RL, Cardenas J, Okerlund A, Da Silva NA, Schmidt-Rohr K, Dumesic JA. Engineering Catalyst Microenvironments for Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Biologically Derived Platform Chemicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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152
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Schwartz TJ, Johnson RL, Cardenas J, Okerlund A, Da Silva NA, Schmidt-Rohr K, Dumesic JA. Engineering Catalyst Microenvironments for Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Biologically Derived Platform Chemicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12718-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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153
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Fernández-Salas JA, Manzini S, Nolan SP. A cationic ruthenium complex for the dynamic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols. Chemistry 2014; 20:13132-5. [PMID: 25167839 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic protocol making use of a well-defined cationic ruthenium complex 2 enabling the racemization of enantiomerically pure secondary alcohols in the presence of a weak base (K2CO3) is described. The compatibility of 2 with Candida Antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) allows the development of an efficient dynamic kinetic resolution of sec-alcohols in the absence of an additional strong base. This procedure involves the first example of a dynamic kinetic resolution of alcohols in the presence of a cationic ruthenium catalyst. In addition, we describe the conversion of ketones to the enantioenriched acetates in a one-pot reaction, probing the versatility of complex 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Fernández-Salas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
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154
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Nahra F, Macé Y, Boreux A, Billard F, Riant O. Versatile CuI/Pd0Dual Catalysis for the Synthesis of Quaternary α-Allylated Carbonyl Compounds: Development, Mechanistic Investigations and Scope. Chemistry 2014; 20:10970-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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155
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Fuchs CS, Hollauf M, Meissner M, Simon RC, Besset T, Reek JNH, Riethorst W, Zepeck F, Kroutil W. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 2-Phenylpropanal Derivatives to Yield β-Chiral Primary AminesviaBioamination. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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156
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Wu D, Xing Z, Zhou Y, Shi W, Li Q. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of polymeric materials using lipases as catalysts: a review. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:642-51. [PMID: 24768887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, enzymatic polymerization has rapidly developed and become an important polymer synthesis technique. However, the range of polymers resulting from enzymatic polymerization could be further expanded through combination with chemical methods. This review systematically introduces recent developments in the combination of lipase-catalyzed polymerization with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), kinetic resolution, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), click reaction and carbene chemistry to construct polymeric materials like block, brush, comb and graft copolymers, hyperbranched and chiral polymers. Moreover, it presents a thorough and descriptive evaluation of future trends and perspectives concerning chemoenzymatic polymerization. It is expected that combining enzymatic polymerization with multiple chemical methods will be an efficient tool for producing more highly advanced polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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157
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Agrawal S, Martínez-Castro E, Marcos R, Martín-Matute B. Readily Available Ruthenium Complex for Efficient Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Aromatic α-Hydroxy Ketones. Org Lett 2014; 16:2256-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500764q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Agrawal
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Martínez-Castro
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rocío Marcos
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Belén Martín-Matute
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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158
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Schrittwieser JH, Groenendaal B, Resch V, Ghislieri D, Wallner S, Fischereder EM, Fuchs E, Grischek B, Sattler JH, Macheroux P, Turner NJ, Kroutil W. Deracemization by simultaneous bio-oxidative kinetic resolution and stereoinversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3731-4. [PMID: 24615790 PMCID: PMC4499246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deracemization, that is, the transformation of a racemate into a single product enantiomer with theoretically 100% conversion and 100% ee, is an appealing but also challenging option for asymmetric synthesis. Herein a novel chemo-enzymatic deracemization concept by a cascade is described: the pathway involves two enantioselective oxidation steps and one non-stereoselective reduction step, enabling stereoinversion and a simultaneous kinetic resolution. The concept was exemplified for the transformation of rac-benzylisoquinolines to optically pure (S)-berbines. The racemic substrates were transformed to optically pure products (ee>97%) with up to 98% conversion and up to 88% yield of isolated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Bas Groenendaal
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Verena Resch
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Diego Ghislieri
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität GrazPetersgasse 12, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Eva-Maria Fischereder
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Barbara Grischek
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Johann H Sattler
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität GrazPetersgasse 12, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
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159
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Gröger H, Hummel W. Combining the ‘two worlds’ of chemocatalysis and biocatalysis towards multi-step one-pot processes in aqueous media. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 19:171-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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160
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Xia B, Cheng G, Lin X, Wu Q. Dynamic Double Kinetic Resolution of Amines and Alcohols under the Cocatalysis of Raney Nickel/Candida antarcticaLipase B: From Concept to Application. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201400042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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161
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162
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Schrittwieser JH, Groenendaal B, Resch V, Ghislieri D, Wallner S, Fischereder EM, Fuchs E, Grischek B, Sattler JH, Macheroux P, Turner NJ, Kroutil W. Deracemisierung durch simultane bio-oxidative Racematspaltung und Stereoinversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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163
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Lorenz H, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Processes To Separate Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1218-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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164
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165
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Reddy GM, Sridhar PR. The first stereoselective total synthesis of neosemburin and isoneosemburin. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8408-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective total synthesis of neosemburin and isoneosemburin was achieved using 3-C-branched sugar precursors which in turn were synthesized by Claisen rearrangement of sugar derived allyl vinyl ethers.
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166
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Jin Q, Jia G, Zhang Y, Li C. Modification of supported Pd catalysts by alkalic salts in the selective racemization and dynamic kinetic resolution of primary amines. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00535f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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167
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de Miranda AS, de Souza ROMA, Miranda LSM. Ammonium formate as a green hydrogen source for clean semi-continuous enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of (+/−)-α-methylbenzylamine. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of (+/−)-α-methylbenzylamine under continuous flow conditions in the presence of Pd/BaSO4as racemization catalyst and ammonium formate as reductant is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. de Miranda
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Lab
- Chemistry Institute
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Lab
- Chemistry Institute
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro S. M. Miranda
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Lab
- Chemistry Institute
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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168
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Schmidt B, Kunz O. Bidirectional cross metathesis and ring-closing metathesis/ring opening of a C 2-symmetric building block: a strategy for the synthesis of decanolide natural products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2544-55. [PMID: 24367418 PMCID: PMC3869341 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from the conveniently available ex-chiral pool building block (R,R)-hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-diol, the ten-membered ring lactones stagonolide E and curvulide A were synthesized using a bidirectional olefin-metathesis functionalization of the terminal double bonds. Key steps are (i) a site-selective cross metathesis, (ii) a highly diastereoselective extended tethered RCM to furnish a (Z,E)-configured dienyl carboxylic acid and (iii) a Ru-lipase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution to establish the desired configuration at C9. Ring closure was accomplished by macrolactonization. Curvulide A was synthesized from stagonolide E through Sharpless epoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Synthesechemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Oliver Kunz
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Synthesechemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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169
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Tsoung J, Panteleev J, Tesch M, Lautens M. Multicomponent-Multicatalyst Reactions (MC)2R: Efficient Dibenzazepine Synthesis. Org Lett 2013; 16:110-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsoung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Jane Panteleev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Matthias Tesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
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170
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Denard CA, Hartwig JF, Zhao H. Multistep One-Pot Reactions Combining Biocatalysts and Chemical Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
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171
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Schwartz TJ, Goodman SM, Osmundsen CM, Taarning E, Mozuch MD, Gaskell J, Cullen D, Kersten PJ, Dumesic JA. Integration of Chemical and Biological Catalysis: Production of Furylglycolic Acid from Glucose via Cortalcerone. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400593p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Schwartz
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel M. Goodman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christian M. Osmundsen
- Research & Development Division, Haldor Topsøe A/S, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esben Taarning
- Research & Development Division, Haldor Topsøe A/S, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael D. Mozuch
- Forest Products
Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Jill Gaskell
- Forest Products
Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Daniel Cullen
- Forest Products
Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Philip J. Kersten
- Forest Products
Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - James A. Dumesic
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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172
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173
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Warner MC, Shevchenko GA, Jouda S, Bogár K, Bäckvall JE. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Homoallylic Alcohols: Application to the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 5,6-Dihydropyran-2-ones and δ-Lactones. Chemistry 2013; 19:13859-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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174
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Tran DN, Cramer N. Rhodium-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations of Racemic Allenes by the [3+2] Annulation of Aryl Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10630-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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175
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Tran DN, Cramer N. Rhodium-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations of Racemic Allenes by the [3+2] Annulation of Aryl Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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176
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Hassan S, Tschersich R, Müller TJ. Three-component chemoenzymatic synthesis of amide ligated 1,2,3-triazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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177
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Sethi MK, Bhandya SR, Kumar A, Maddur N, Shukla R, Jayalakshmi Mittapalli V. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of optically pure rivastigmine intermediate using alcohol dehydrogenase from baker's yeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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178
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Schober M, Faber K. Inverting hydrolases and their use in enantioconvergent biotransformations. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:468-78. [PMID: 23809848 PMCID: PMC3725421 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Enantioconvergent processes overcome the 50%-yield limits of kinetic resolution. Inverting enzymes are key catalysts for enantioconvergent processes. Enzyme engineering provided improved variants of inverting enzymes.
Owing to the more abundant occurrence of racemic compounds compared to prochiral or meso forms, most enantiomerically pure products are obtained via racemate resolution. This review summarizes (chemo)enzymatic enantioconvergent processes based on the use of hydrolytic enzymes, which are able to invert a stereocenter during catalysis that can overcome the 50%-yield limitation of kinetic resolution. Recent developments are presented in the fields of inverting or retaining sulfatases, epoxide hydrolases and dehalogenases, which allow the production of secondary alcohols or vicinal diols at a 100% theoretical yield from a racemate via enantioconvergent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schober
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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179
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Stewart B, Nyhlen J, Martín-Matute B, Bäckvall JE, Privalov T. A computational study of the CO dissociation in cyclopentadienyl ruthenium complexes relevant to the racemization of alcohols. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:927-34. [PMID: 23060073 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31919e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of an active 16-electron ruthenium sec-alkoxide complex via loss of the CO ligand is an important step in the mechanism of the racemization of sec-alcohols by (η(5)-Ph(5)C(5))Ru(CO)(2)X ruthenium complexes with X = Cl and O(t)Bu. Here we show with accurate DFT calculations the potential energy profile of the CO dissociation pathway for a series of relevant (η(5)-Ph(5)C(5))Ru(CO)(2)X complexes, where X = Cl, O(t)Bu, H and COO(t)Bu. We have found that the CO dissociation energy increases in the following order: O(t)Bu (lowest), Cl, COO(t)Bu and H (highest). Using the distance between ruthenium and C(CO), r = Ru-C(CO), as a constraint, and by optimizing all other degrees of freedom for a range of Ru-CO distances, we obtained relative energies, ΔE(r) and geometries of a sufficient number of transient structures with the elongated Ru-CO bond up to r = 3.4 Å. Our calculations provide a quantitative understanding of the CO ligand dissociation in (η(5)-Ph(5)C(5))Ru(CO)(2)Cl and (η(5)-Ph(5)C(5))Ru(CO)(2)(O(t)Bu) complexes, which is relevant to the mechanism of their catalytic activity in the racemization of alcohols. We recently reported that exchange of the CO ligand by isotopically labeled (13)CO in the Ru-O(t)Bu complex occurs twenty times faster than that in the Ru-Cl complex. This corresponds to a difference of 1.8 kcal mol(-1) in the CO dissociation energy (at room temperature). This is in very good agreement with the calculated difference between the two potential energy curves for Ru-O(t)Bu and Ru-Cl complexes, which is about 1.8-2 kcal mol(-1) around the corresponding transition states of the CO dissociation. The calculated difference in the total energy for CO dissociation in (η(5)-Ph(5)C(5))Ru(CO)(2)X complexes is related to the stabilization provided by the X group in the final 16-electron complexes, which are formed via product-like transition states. In addition to the calculated transition states of CO dissociation in Ru-O(t)Bu and Ru-Cl complexes, the calculated transient structures with the elongated Ru-CO bond provide insight into how the geometry of the ruthenium complex with a potent heteroatom donor group (X) gradually changes when one of the COs is dissociating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Stewart
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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180
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Bartoszewicz A, Ahlsten N, Martín-Matute B. Enantioselective Synthesis of Alcohols and Amines by Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation, Transfer Hydrogenation, and Related Processes. Chemistry 2013; 19:7274-302. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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181
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Asymmetric synthesis of an enantiomerically pure rivastigmine intermediate using ketoreductase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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182
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Nahra F, Macé Y, Lambin D, Riant O. Copper/Palladium-Catalyzed 1,4 Reduction and Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: Enantioselective Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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183
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Nahra F, Macé Y, Lambin D, Riant O. Copper/Palladium-Catalyzed 1,4 Reduction and Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: Enantioselective Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3208-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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184
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Wu Q, Soni P, Reetz MT. Laboratory Evolution of Enantiocomplementary Candida antarctica Lipase B Mutants with Broad Substrate Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1872-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310455t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s
Republic of China
- Max-Planck-Institut
für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Pankaj Soni
- Max-Planck-Institut
für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
- CSIR-Institute
of Microbial Technology,
Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut
für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
- Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps-Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse,
35032 Marburg, Germany
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185
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Lumbroso A, Cooke ML, Breit B. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols and Derivatives and their Applications in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1890-932. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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186
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Lumbroso A, Cooke ML, Breit B. Katalytische asymmetrische Synthese von Allylalkoholen und Allylalkohol-Derivaten und deren Anwendung in der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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187
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A supramolecular approach to combining enzymatic and transition metal catalysis. Nat Chem 2013; 5:100-3. [PMID: 23344446 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability of supramolecular host-guest complexes to catalyse organic reactions collaboratively with an enzyme is an important goal in the research and discovery of synthetic enzyme mimics. Herein we present a variety of catalytic tandem reactions that employ esterases, lipases or alcohol dehydrogenases and gold(I) or ruthenium(II) complexes encapsulated in a Ga(4)L(6) tetrahedral supramolecular cluster. The host-guest complexes are tolerated well by the enzymes and, in the case of the gold(I) host-guest complex, show improved reactivity relative to the free cationic guest. We propose that supramolecular encapsulation of organometallic complexes prevents their diffusion into the bulk solution, where they can bind amino-acid residues on the proteins and potentially compromise their activity. Our observations underline the advantages of the supramolecular approach and suggest that encapsulation of reactive complexes may provide a general strategy for carrying out classic organic reactions in the presence of biocatalysts.
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188
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Musa MM, Phillips RS, Laivenieks M, Vieille C, Takahashi M, Hamdan SM. Racemization of enantiopure secondary alcohols by Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2911-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27415b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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189
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Willemsen JS, van Hest JCM, Rutjes FPJT. Potassium formate as a small molecule switch: controlling oxidation–reduction behaviour in a two-step sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3143-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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190
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Asta C, Schmidt D, Conrad J, Frey W, Beifuss U. Combination of enzyme- and Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions: a new method for the synthesis of 6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-ones starting from 2,5-dimethylfuran and 1,3-cyclohexanediones. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5692-701. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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191
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Jung JH, Yoon DH, Kang P, Lee WK, Eum H, Ha HJ. CAL-B catalyzed desymmetrization of 3-alkylglutarate: “olefin effect” and asymmetric synthesis of pregabalin. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3635-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40311d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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192
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Kumaraswamy G, Narayana Murthy A, Narayanarao V, Vemulapalli SPB, Bharatam J. Enantioselective synthesis of δ-/γ-alkoxy-β-hydroxy-α-alkyl-substituted Weinreb amides via DKR–ATH: application to the synthesis of advanced intermediate of (−)-brevisamide. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6751-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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193
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Combination of a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction using a water-soluble palladium catalyst with an asymmetric enzymatic reduction towards a one-pot process in aqueous medium at room temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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194
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Köhler V, Wilson YM, Dürrenberger M, Ghislieri D, Churakova E, Quinto T, Knörr L, Häussinger D, Hollmann F, Turner NJ, Ward TR. Synthetic cascades are enabled by combining biocatalysts with artificial metalloenzymes. Nat Chem 2012; 5:93-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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195
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Hoyos P, Pace V, Alcántara AR. Dynamic Kinetic ResolutionviaHydrolase-Metal Combo Catalysis in Stereoselective Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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196
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Meister AC, Nieger M, Bräse S. Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl- and 4-Hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexenones by PdII-Catalyzed Oxidation and Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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197
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Bongen P, Pietruszka J, Simon RC. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furans: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Analgesic Agent BRL 37959. Chemistry 2012; 18:11063-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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198
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Mahler M, Reichardt B, Hartjen P, van Lunzen J, Meier C. Stereoselective Synthesis ofD- andL-Carbocyclic Nucleosides by Enzymatically Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution. Chemistry 2012; 18:11046-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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199
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Allais C, Baslé O, Grassot JM, Fontaine M, Anguille S, Rodriguez J, Constantieux T. Cooperative Heterogeneous Organocatalysis and Homogeneous Metal Catalysis for the One-Pot Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Pyridones. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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200
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Cuetos A, Rioz-Martínez A, Bisogno FR, Grischek B, Lavandera I, de Gonzalo G, Kroutil W, Gotor V. Access to Enantiopure α-Alkyl-β-hydroxy Esters through Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions Employing Purified/Overexpressed Alcohol Dehydrogenases. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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