Main-Group Element, Organic, and Organometallic Derivatives of Polyoxometalates

Theoretical exploration to the cation effect on the second-order nonlinear optical properties of Strandberg-type polyoxometalates

The combination of cations with octahedral coordinated d0 transition metal ions has been proved to be an effective way for designing new polar materials. So we investigate the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Strandberg-type polyoxometalates (POMs) with alkali metal cations M 6 Mo 5 X 2 O 23 ( M = K +, Rb +, Cs +; X = P , As ) and M 4 M o5 X 2 O 21 ( M = K +, Rb +, Cs +; X = S , Se , Te ) by density functional theory (DFT) method. The calculated results show that this kind of Strandberg-type POMs possesses remarkably large molecular second-order NLO polarizability, especially for the Cs 6 Mo 5 P 2 O 23 (system Ic), which has a computed β0 value of 12526 a.u. and might be an excellent second-order NLO material. Moreover, the cations have important impact on the second-order NLO polarizabilities. Therefore, a careful choice of appropriate cations may allow the control of the second-order NLO response on these Strandberg-type POMs, which may provide a new route to design efficient NLO materials.

Investigations into the electrochemical, surface, and electrocatalytic properties of the surface-immobilized polyoxometalate, TBA3K[SiW10O36(PhPO)2]

Surface anchoring of an organic functionalized POM, TBA3K[SiW10O36(PhPO)2] was carried out by two methods, the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique by employing a pentaerythritol-based ruthenium(II) metallodendrimer as a cationic moiety and also by entrapping the POM in a conducting polypyrrole film. The redox behavior of the constructed films was studied by using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of the constructed multilayers were examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was conducted to confirm the elements present within the fabricated films. The multilayer assembly was also investigated for its catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of nitrite.

Synthesis and magnetic properties of tartrate-bridging rare-earth-containing polytungstoarsenate aggregates from an adaptive precursor [As2W19O67(H2O)]14−

Six S-shaped tartrate-bridging rare-earth-substituted polytungstoarsenates [RE₂(C₄H₄O₆)(C₄H₂O₆)(As W₉O₃₃)]₂¹⁸⁻ (Ho^III (1), Er^III (2), Tm^III (3), Yb^III (4), Lu^III (5), Y^III (6)) were synthesized under conventional solution conditions.

A nona-vacant Keggin-type tricarbonyl rhenium derivative {[PMo3O16][Re(CO)3]4}5− and its catalytic performance for CO2 cycloaddition reactions

A nona-vacant Keggin-type tricarbonyl rhenium derivative {[PMo₃O₁₆][Re(CO)₃]₄}⁵⁻ was synthesized and its frontier orbitals were computed. Interestingly, it showed good catalytic activity for the CO₂ cycloaddition reaction.

Assembling anionic Sb(v)/(iii) containing polyoxostibonates stabilized by triphenyltellurium cations

Mixed valent polyoxostibonates ligated by tetraorganoditelluroxane and stabilized by weak interactions from triaryltellurium cations are presented. Successive reactions like reduction, dearylation and disproportionation have been observed en route to the formation of these novel POMs.

Synergistic effect of sandwich polyoxometalates and copper–imidazole complexes for enhancing the peroxidase-like activity

Two inorganic–organic hybrids based on copper(ii)–imidazole complex modified sandwich-type tungstobismuthate or tungstoantimonite, have been synthesized, demonstrating higher peroxidase-like activity using TMB as a peroxidase substrate.

Assembly of a basket-like {Sr ⊂ P6Mo18O73} cage from 0D dimmer to 2D network and its photo-/electro-catalytic properties

Five semiconductor materials based on basket-like POM have been hydrothermally synthesized, which show high-efficient degradation ability for organic dyes RhB, MB, and AP in short time and bifunctional electrocatalytic behavior for oxidation of AA and reduction of NO₂⁻.

Tin(ii)-functionalization of the archetypal {P8W48} polyoxotungstate

The synthesis of {SnII8P₈W₄₈}, the first example of the archetypal {P₈W₄₈}-type polyoxotungstate cluster functionalized with the main group metal ions, elucidates the critical reaction parameters that have to be adjusted to avoid numerous competing side reactions.

Influence of electronic vs. steric factors on the solid-state photochromic performances of new polyoxometalate/spirooxazine and spiropyran hybrid materials

New supramolecular spirooxazine and spiropyran/polyoxotungstate materials have been designed. Their solid-state photochromic performances are strongly exalted compared to their isostructural Mo counterparts due to a more favorable electronic effect.

Postfunctionalization of polyoxometalates: an efficient strategy to construct organic–inorganic zwitterions

A class of monoorganoimido-substituted hexamolybdates containing a pyridine group have been firstly synthesized. Furthermore, a reaction protocol of alkylation based on the resulting pyridine-functionalized hexamolybdates has been developed, with which a type of zwitterionic clusters has been successfully obtained.

The highest connected pure inorganic 3D framework assembled by {P4Mo6} cluster and alkali metal potassium

Potassium cation is introduced into the {(P₄Mo₆} systems, leading to 18-connected assemblies, which represents the highest connection of the POMs and shows bifunctional electrocatalytic activities and excellent photocatalytic activities.

Harvesting visible light for aerobic oxidation of alcohols by a novel and efficient hybrid polyoxometalate

The synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic application of a novel hybrid polyoxometalate, ((n-C₄H₉)₄N)₄[SiW₁₁O₃₉(Si(CH₂)₃NCHC₁₄H₉)₂O], which can absorb light in the visible region, in the oxidation of alcohols under an O₂ atmosphere are reported.

4-(3-Azaniumylpropyl)morpholin-4-ium chloride hydrogen oxalate: an unusual example of a dication with different counter-anions

The mixed organic-inorganic title salt, C7H18N2O(2+)·C2HO4(-)·Cl(-), forms an assembly of ionic components which are stabilized through a series of hydrogen bonds and charge-assisted intermolecular interactions. The title assembly crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with Z = 8. The asymmetric unit consists of a 4-(3-azaniumylpropyl)morpholin-4-ium dication, a hydrogen oxalate counter-anion and an inorganic chloride counter-anion. The organic cations and anions are connected through a network of N-H···O, O-H···O and C-H···O hydrogen bonds, forming several intermolecular rings that can be described by the graph-set notations R3(3)(13), R2(1)(5), R1(2)(5), R2(1)(6), R2(3)(6), R2(2)(8) and R3(3)(9). The 4-(3-azaniumylpropyl)morpholin-4-ium dications are interconnected through N-H···O hydrogen bonds, forming C(9) chains that run diagonally along the ab face. Furthermore, the hydrogen oxalate anions are interconnected via O-H···O hydrogen bonds, forming head-to-tail C(5) chains along the crystallographic b axis. The two types of chains are linked through additional N-H···O and O-H···O hydrogen bonds, and the hydrogen oxalate chains are sandwiched by the 4-(3-azaniumylpropyl)morpholin-4-ium chains, forming organic layers that are separated by the chloride anions. Finally, the layered three-dimensional structure is stabilized via intermolecular N-H···Cl and C-H···Cl interactions.

Functionalization of Krebs-type polyoxometalates with N,O-chelating ligands: a systematic study

The first organic derivatives of 3d-metal-disubstituted Krebs-type polyoxometalates have been synthesized under mild bench conditions via straightforward replacement of labile aqua ligands with N,O-chelating planar anions on either preformed or in situ-generated precursors. Nine hybrid clusters containing carboxylate derivatives of five- or six-membered aromatic N-heterocycles as antenna ligands have been obtained as pure crystalline phases and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They all show the general formula [{M(II)L(H2O)}2(WO2)2(B-β-XW9O33)2](n-) and can be classified as follows: 1-SbM, where L = 1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (imc), X = Sb(III), n = 12, and M(II) = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; 1-TeM, where L = imc, X = Te(IV), n = 10, and M(II) = Mn, Co; 2-SbNi, where L = 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (pzc), X = Sb(III), n = 12, and M(II) = Ni; and 3-SbM, where L = pyrazine-2-carboxylate (pyzc), X =Sb(III), n = 12, and M(II) = Co, Zn. The 3d-metal-disubstituted tungstotellurate(IV) skeleton of compounds 1-TeM is unprecedented in polyoxometalate chemistry. The stability of these hybrid Krebs-type species in aqueous solution has been confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy performed on the diamagnetic 1-SbZn and 3-SbZn derivatives. Our systematic study of the reactivity of disubtituted Krebs-type polyoxotungstates toward diazole-, pyridine-, and diazinecarboxylates demonstrates that organic derivatization is strongly dependent on the nature of the ligand, as follows: imc displays a "universal ligand" character, as functionalization takes place regardless of the external 3d metal and heteroatom; pzc and pyzc show selectivity toward specific 3d metals; pyridazine-3-carboxylate and pyrimidine-4-carboxylate promote partial decomposition of specific precursors, leading to [M(II)L2(H2O)2] complexes; and picolinate is inert under all conditions tested.

Syntheses, structures and properties of two 2-D layered hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on different V4O12 building units

Two new layered hybrid organic-inorganic compounds [Zn(pyim)]2V4O12 () (pyim = 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole) and [Cu(bim)2]2V4O12(H2O)·CH3CH2OH () (bim = bis(1-imidazolyl)methane) based on polyoxovanadates (POVs) and organic ligands decorated transition metal units have been synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods respectively. Single crystal XRD, fluorescence spectrum, magnetic measurement, IR spectra, powder XRD and thermogravimetric (TG) measurements were performed to analyze the structures and properties of and . The structural analysis reveals that compound features a two-dimensional {[Zn(pyim)]2V4O12}n layered structure, constructed by sine wave-like {V4O12}n(4n-) chains, Zn(2+) ions and pyim ligands. In the layered structure of , {V4O12}(4-) circles are connected by Cu(2+) ions to form {Cu(V4O12)}n(2n-) chains, which are further linked by {Cu(bim)4}(2+) subunits to generate a hybrid layer of . The magnetic susceptibility measurement indicates strong antiferromagnetic interactions between Cu(2+) ions in .

Hybrid Materials Based on the Embedding of Organically Modified Transition Metal Oxoclusters or Polyoxometalates into Polymers for Functional Applications: A Review

The covalent incorporation of inorganic building blocks into a polymer matrix to obtain stable and robust materials is a widely used concept in the field of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, and encompasses the use of different inorganic systems including (but not limited to) nanoparticles, mono- and polynuclear metal complexes and clusters, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), polyoxometalates (POM), layered inorganic systems, inorganic fibers, and whiskers. In this paper, we will review the use of two particular kinds of structurally well-defined inorganic building blocks, namely transition metals oxoclusters (TMO) and polyoxometalates (POM), to obtain hybrid materials with enhanced functional (e.g., optical, dielectric, magnetic, catalytic) properties.

An organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductor material based on Lindqvist polyoxomolybdate and a tetra-nuclear copper complex containing two different ligands

A 3D organic-inorganic hybrid compound based on the Lindqvist-type polyoxometalate, [{Cu(phen)}3{Cu(μ2-ox)3}{Mo6O19}] (1) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, ox = oxalate), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, PXRD, XPS, UV-vis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In compound 1, three C2O4(2-) ligands bridge one Cu atom and three Cu(phen) fragments to form a tetra-nuclear copper(II) coordination complex [{Cu(phen)}3{Cu(μ2-ox)3}](2+) unit. The six-node [Mo6O19](2-) clusters are interweaved by the 6-connected tetranuclear copper(II) complex units into an intricate 3D network structure, exhibiting a 4(12)·6(3)-nbo (sodium chloride-type) topology. Compound 1 exhibits the highest connectivity of Lindqvist-type POM hybrid materials. The electrochemical behavior of 1-CPE has been investigated in detail. Furthermore, a diffuse reflectivity spectrum of 1 reveals the presence of an optical band gap and the nature of semiconductivity with a large energy gap. A magnetic susceptibility study reveals predominant antiferromagnetic interactions between the Cu(II) bridge units.

Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials Based on Polyoxometalates and Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Catalysis

An overview of the recent advances in the field of polyoxometalate, ionic liquid hybrids, is proposed with a special attention paid to their application in catalysis, more precisely biphasic and heterogeneous catalysis. Both components of the hybrids are separately outlined pointing to their useful properties and potential for catalysis, followed by the description of the hybrids preparation and synergy between components in a large range of organic transformations. And finally a vision on the future developments is proposed.

Self assembly of carboxylate/alcoholate functionalized ring-shape phosphomolybdates

Carboxylate and alcoholate ligands were covalently attached to a [HPMo₆O₂₁]²⁻ cluster to generate a series of inorganic–organic hybrid phosphomolybdates.

Design and construction of a thermotropic liquid crystal material based on high-nuclear transition-metal cluster-containing polyoxometalates

DODA⁺ was used as a surfactant to react with polyoxoanion [Ni₉(OH)₃(H₂O)₆(HPO₄)₂(PW₉O₃₄)₃]¹⁶⁻, resulting in an organic–inorganic hybrid complex SEP-1, the first liquid crystal materials based on high-nuclear transition-metal cluster-substituted polyoxoanions.

K3MoPO7: the first molybdenum phosphate with edge-sharing MoO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra

The unique edge-sharing MoO₆ and PO₄ polyhedra were first discovered in a novel molybdenum phosphate K₃MoPO₇.

A monovacant heteropolytungstate-incorporated trimeric carbonyl rhenium cluster, [(AsW11O39){Re(CO)3}3(μ3-OH)(μ2-OH)]6−: synthesis, structure and catalytic properties

The novel undecatungstoarsenate-supported carbonyl rhenium derivative exhibits prominent catalytic activity and high selectivity in the cycloaddition of epoxides.

Two hybrid materials assembled from transition metal mono-substituted Keggin polyoxoanions as photocatalysts under visible light

Two novel hybrid materials assembled from transition metal mono-substituted Keggin polyoxoanions with an antenna molecule were obtained and exhibit photocatalytic activity under visible light.

Controlled assembly of inorganic-organic frameworks based on [SeMo6O21]4- polyanion

The chemical system based on [SeMo6O21](4-) polyanion and carboxylate ligand has been investigated. According to the inherent nature of organic groups, a series of selenomolybdates with three architectures have been isolated through rational and deliberate synthetic routes by stereospecific addition of different carboxylic acids. Such an approach is potentially interesting for {SeMo6} cluster, which exhibits a high surface nucleophilicity and is capable of being functionalized by covalently bound carboxylic acids. Investigation of the assemblies reveals that carboxylic acids have good flexibility and conformational freedom, representing the powerful chemical tools to control the polyanion assembly processes.