151
|
Meyer A, Höffler S, Fischer K. Determination of Trialkyl Phosphates in Wastewater by Solid Phase Extraction–Flow Injection–Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1081918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
152
|
TPhP exposure disturbs carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the DNA damage repair system in zebrafish liver. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21827. [PMID: 26898711 PMCID: PMC4761896 DOI: 10.1038/srep21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate is a high production volume organophosphate flame retardant that has been detected in multiple environmental media at increasing concentrations. The environmental and health risks of triphenyl phosphate have drawn attention because of the multiplex toxicity of this chemical compound. However, few studies have paid close attention to the impacts of triphenyl phosphate on liver metabolism. We investigated hepatic histopathological, metabolomic and transcriptomic responses of zebrafish after exposure to 0.050 mg/L and 0.300 mg/L triphenyl phosphate for 7 days. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in the contents of glucose, UDP-glucose, lactate, succinate, fumarate, choline, acetylcarnitine, and several fatty acids. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that related pathways, such as the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid elongation, were significantly affected. These results suggest that triphenyl phosphate exposure markedly disturbs hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in zebrafish. Moreover, DNA replication, the cell cycle, and non-homologous end-joining and base excision repair were strongly affected, thus indicating that triphenyl phosphate hinders the DNA damage repair system in zebrafish liver cells. The present study provides a systematic analysis of the triphenyl phosphate-induced toxic effects in zebrafish liver and demonstrates that low concentrations of triphenyl phosphate affect normal metabolism and cell cycle.
Collapse
|
153
|
Gao L, Shi Y, Li W, Liu J, Cai Y. Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate triesters and diesters in sludge from sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:143-9. [PMID: 26657359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of 14 organophosphate (OP) triesters and 5 diesters were investigated in sludge from eight sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Beijing, China, during 2008-2014. Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TCrP) were the predominant triesters with the average concentration of 233-137 μg/kg, respectively. Also, the polar and hydrophilic trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP) were detected in 19% and 74% of sludge samples, respectively. Three of five diesters were detected in sludge samples, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) revealed the highest average concentration of 96.0 μg/kg, followed by diphenyl phosphate (DPhP, 18.0 μg/kg). The levels of OP triesters in sludge varied with the compositions of the sewage and treatment capacity of STPs, as well as the adjacent sources. In comparison with that in the former years, relatively higher concentration of total OP triesters in sludge was observed in 2014, which is consistent with the rapid growth in consumption of these chemicals in China. Finally, environmental risk assessment indicated potential harmful effects of OP triesters on soil microorganisms after sludge landfill or fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Shi Y, Gao L, Li W, Wang Y, Liu J, Cai Y. Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in urban surface water in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 209:1-10. [PMID: 26618261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, spatial distribution and seasonal variation of 14 organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in urban surface water (river and lake water) from July 2013 to June 2014 in Beijing, China. Sewage influent and effluent samples, as well as rainwater and road runoff samples were also analyzed as the potential sources of OPEs in surface water. Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were the most abundant OPEs with the average concentrations of 291 ng L(-1) and 219 ng L(-1), respectively. Relatively high concentrations of OPEs were detected in rivers located at southern and eastern urban of Beijing, which was probably attributed to the treated and untreated sewage discharge. Besides, higher levels of OPEs were observed in urban surface water in the summer, and the wet deposition (rainfall) was confirmed to be an important factor for this observation. Risk assessment showed low or medium risk of OPEs for the organisms (algae, crustacean and fish).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Civil and Environment Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Civil and Environment Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- Civil and Environment Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Shoeib T, Hassan Y, Rauert C, Harner T. Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in indoor dust and food packaging materials in Egypt: Trends in developed and developing countries. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1573-81. [PMID: 26517384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PFASs concentrations in dust samples collected from three microenvironments in Cairo ranged from 1.3 to 69 ng g(-1) with FTOHs being dominant. The 8:2 FTOH was detected in all samples. Among the FOSAs and FOSEs the MeFOSE was dominant while among ionic PFASs, PFOS and PFOA were most prominent. The concentrations of PFASs were among the lowest worldwide. Correlations between worldwide concentrations of PFOS + PFOA and country development indexes highlight higher usage and human exposure in more developed countries. Food packaging was analyzed for PFSAs, PFCAs and PAPs. The 6:2 and 8:2 monoPAPs were found to be above the MDL in 18% of the samples. PFOA was detected in 79% of the samples with median concentration of 2.40 ng g(-1). PFOS was detected in 58% of the samples with median concentration of 0.29 ng g(-1) while PFHxS and PFDS were below detection limit. Different human exposure scenarios were estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Yasmeen Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Cassandra Rauert
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Human dermal absorption of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants; implications for human exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 291:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
157
|
Brommer S, Harrad S. Sources and human exposure implications of concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in dust from UK cars, classrooms, living rooms, and offices. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 83:202-7. [PMID: 26232632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of a number of organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) were measured in floor dust collected from UK living rooms (n = 32), cars (n = 21), school and child daycare centre classrooms (n = 28), and offices (n = 61). While concentrations were overall broadly within the range of those reported previously for North America, Japan, and other European countries, median concentrations of TCIPP in all UK microenvironments exceeded those reported elsewhere in the world. Moreover, concentrations of TCIPP and TDCIPP in 2 UK car dust samples were--at 370 μg g(-1) and 740 μg g(-1) respectively--amongst the highest reported globally in indoor dust to date. Consistent with this, concentrations of TDCIPP in dust from UK cars exceed significantly those detected in the other microenvironments studied. Concentrations of EHDPP were shown for the first time to be significantly higher in classroom dust than in samples from other microenvironments. When compared to concentrations of PBDEs determined previously in the classroom dust samples; concentrations of all target PFRs exceeded substantially those of those PBDEs that are the principal constituents of the Penta- and Octa-BDE formulations. Moreover, while mass-based concentrations of BDE-209 exceeded those of most of our target PFRs, they still fell below those of TCIPP and EHDPP. In line with a previous observation in Sweden that indoor air contamination with TNBP was significantly lower in newer buildings; concentrations of TNBP in classroom dust were significantly higher in older compared to more recently-constructed schools. Consistent with the reported extensive use of TCIPP and TDCIPP in polyurethane foam, the highest concentrations of both TCIPP and TDCIPP in the classrooms studied, were observed in rooms containing the highest numbers of foam chairs (n = 31 and 18 respectively). Exposure to PFRs of both adults and young children via ingestion of indoor dust was estimated. While even our high-end exposure estimate for young children was ~100 times lower than one previously reported health-based limit (HBLV) value for TCIPP; the margin of safety was only 5-fold when compared to another HBLV for this contaminant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Brommer
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Liu LY, Salamova A, He K, Hites RA. Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants in human hair and nails. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:251-7. [PMID: 26122855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the digestion, extraction, fractionation, and analysis of three classes of flame retardants, including 36 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 9 halogenated alternative flame retardants (AFRs), and 12 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in human hair and nail samples was developed. The method employed HNO3/H2O2 digestion, liquid-liquid extraction with (4:1 vol) hexane:dichloromethane, fractionation on a 6g column of 2.5% water deactivated Florisil, and analysis by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. The accuracy and precision of the method was validated using spiked samples of 6 replicates for both hair and nail samples. The method validation results showed good accuracy and precision for all PBDEs except BDE-209, all AFRs except hexabromobenzene (HBB), and all of the 12 OPEs, with average recovery efficiencies>90% and relative standard deviations (RSDs)<10%. The average recovery efficiencies for HBB were between 60% and 86%, with RSDs<10%. BDE-209 had recovery efficiencies of 64% (RSD, 13%) for hair and 71% (RSD, 10%) for nail. This method was applied to analyze 5 human hair and 5 fingernail samples from the general student population at Indiana University Bloomington campus. BDE-47 and BDE-99 were the predominant PBDEs detected in both hair and nail samples, with a concentration range of 11-620 and 4.6-780ng/g (dry weight) in hair and 7.3-43 and 2.1-11ng/g in nails, respectively. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) were detected in all the samples, with concentrations of 20-240 and 11-350ng/g in hair and <17-80 and <9.2-71ng/g in nails, respectively. Among the 12 OPEs analyzed, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCIPP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) were most often detected. The concentrations of these OPEs (summed together) were 1100-3900 and 380-18,000ng/g in hair and nails, respectively. These levels exceed those of both the PBDEs and the AFRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ying Liu
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Amina Salamova
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Ka He
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Ronald A Hites
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Development of a low-density-solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of tetrabromobisphenol-A from dust. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2503-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
160
|
Gao L, Shi Y, Li W, Ren W, Liu J, Cai Y. Determination of organophosphate esters in water samples by mixed-mode liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2193-200. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing China
| | - Wenli Ren
- College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Hassan Y, Shoeib T. Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel flame retardants in microenvironment dust from Egypt: an assessment of human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:47-55. [PMID: 25306095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There are very few studies reporting concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel flame retardants (FRs) or non-PBDEs in Africa and the Middle East. The present work reported concentrations of fourteen PBDE congeners and eleven non-PBDE flame retardants in dust samples collected from homes (n=17), workplaces (n=9) and cars (n=5) in the greater Cairo region. The median ∑PBDE concentrations were 57, 425 and 1608 ng g(-1) in homes, workplaces and cars respectively. The highest PBDE levels were observed for BDE 209, with a median concentration of 40.2, 366 and 1540 ng g(-1) representing 70% to 95% of the total PBDEs in homes, workplaces and cars respectively. This is about 8 to 46 times greater than the median concentration of the pentaBDE (represented by the most abundant compounds in this formulation, ∑BDE 47, 99 and 100). In the case of non-PBDE flame retardants, a detection frequency between 52% and 100% was observed for several compounds including: hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), bis (2-ethyl-1-hexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (TBPE), ally-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (ATE) and Dechlorane Plus (DP). The ∑non-PBDE median concentrations were 8.30, 28.9 and 49.9 ng g(-1) in homes, workplaces and cars respectively with the highest level observed for HBCD in the three microenvironments. The detection of novel flame retardants in indoor environments may be due to their wide usage after the ban of the penta and octa BDE formulation. Results show the levels of PBDEs and non-PBDEs in Egyptian dust to be among the lowest levels reported from other countries. Different dust exposure scenarios using 5th percentile, median, 95th percentile and maximum levels were estimated for adult and children. The estimated dust intake results were several orders of magnitude lower than the oral reference dose values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Wei GL, Li DQ, Zhuo MN, Liao YS, Xie ZY, Guo TL, Li JJ, Zhang SY, Liang ZQ. Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: sources, occurrence, toxicity and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:29-46. [PMID: 25290907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to the restricted use and ban of brominated flame retardants, organophosphorus compounds (OPs), extensively used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are ubiquitous in various environmental compartments worldwide. The present study shows that the release of OPs from a wide variety of commercial products and wastewater discharge might be considered as primary emission sources and that high potential of long-range atmospheric transport and persistence of OPs would be responsible for their presence in various matrices on a global scale. The occurrence and environmental behaviors of OPs in diverse matrices (e.g., dust, air, water, sediment, soil and biota) are reviewed. Human exposures to OPs via dermal contact, dust ingestion, inhalation and dietary intake are comprehensively evaluated. Finally, this study identifies gaps in the existing issues and generates a future agenda for the emerging contaminants OPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Ling Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ding-Qiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangzhou Branch, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China.
| | - Mu-Ning Zhuo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yi-Shan Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhen-Yue Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Tai-Long Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Si-Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Kang H, Mao Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wang H. Disposable ionic liquid-coated etched stainless steel fiber for headspace solid-phase microextraction of organophosphorus flame retardants from water samples. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ionic liquid-coated etched stainless steel fiber was prepared for solid-phase microextraction of organophosphorus flame retardants from water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Kang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Henan University of Urban Construction
- Pingdingshan
- China
| | - Yanli Mao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Henan University of Urban Construction
- Pingdingshan
- China
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Henan University of Urban Construction
- Pingdingshan
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Henan University of Urban Construction
- Pingdingshan
- China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Henan University of Urban Construction
- Pingdingshan
- China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Henan University of Urban Construction
- Pingdingshan
- China
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Gao Z, Deng Y, Yuan W, He H, Yang S, Sun C. Determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in fish by pressurized liquid extraction using aqueous solutions and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-flame photometric detector. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1366:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|