151
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Yameen B, Ali M, Álvarez M, Neumann R, Ensinger W, Knoll W, Azzaroni O. A facile route for the preparation of azide-terminated polymers. “Clicking” polyelectrolyte brushes on planar surfaces and nanochannels. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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152
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Li H, Zheng Q, Han C. Click synthesis of podand triazole-linked gold nanoparticles as highly selective and sensitive colorimetric probes for lead(ii) ions. Analyst 2010; 135:1360-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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153
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Tian Y, Ran Q, Xu J, Xian Y, Peng R, Jin L. High-Quality Covalently Grafting Hemoglobin on Gold Electrodes: Characterization, Redox Thermodynamics and Bio-electrocatalysis. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:3105-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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154
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Hasegawa U, Sawada SI, Shimizu T, Kishida T, Otsuji E, Mazda O, Akiyoshi K. Raspberry-like assembly of cross-linked nanogels for protein delivery. J Control Release 2009; 140:312-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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155
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Engler A, Lee HI, Hammond P. Highly Efficient âGrafting ontoâ a Polypeptide Backbone Using Click Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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156
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Luo K, Rzayev J. Living Radical Polymerization of Bicyclic Dienes: Synthesis of Thermally Cross-Linkable Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901645t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Javid Rzayev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
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157
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Withey ABJ, Chen G, Nguyen TLU, Stenzel MH. Macromolecular Cobalt Carbonyl Complexes Encapsulated in a Click-Cross-Linked Micelle Structure as a Nanoparticle To Deliver Cobalt Pharmaceuticals. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:3215-26. [DOI: 10.1021/bm901050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. J. Withey
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - T. L. Uyen Nguyen
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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158
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Yılmaz Y, Kasım Şener M, Erden İ, Avcıata U. Derivatization and in situ metallation of phthalocyanines using click chemistry. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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159
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Iha RK, Wooley KL, Nyström AM, Burke DJ, Kade MJ, Hawker CJ. Applications of orthogonal "click" chemistries in the synthesis of functional soft materials. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5620-86. [PMID: 19905010 PMCID: PMC3165017 DOI: 10.1021/cr900138t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1174] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon K. Iha
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842
| | - Andreas M. Nyström
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology CCK, R8:03 Karolinska Hospital and Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Matthew J. Kade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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160
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Jamison JA, Krueger KM, Mayo JT, Yavuz CT, Redden JJ, Colvin VL. Applying analytical ultracentrifugation to nanocrystal suspensions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:355702. [PMID: 19671976 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/35/355702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While applied frequently in physical biochemistry to the study of protein complexes, the quantitative use of analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) for nanocrystal analysis is relatively rare. Its application in nanoscience is potentially very powerful as it provides a measure of nanocrystal density, size and structure directly in the solution phase. Towards that end, this paper examines the best practices for applying data collection and analysis methods for AUC, geared towards the study of biomolecules, to the unique problems of nanoparticle analysis. Using uniform nanocrystals of cadmium selenide, we compared several schemes for analyzing raw sedimentation data. Comparable values of the mean sedimentation coefficients (s-value) were found using several popular analytical approaches; however, the distribution in sample s-values is best captured using the van Holde-Weischt algorithm. Measured s-values could be reproducibly collected if sample temperature and concentration were controlled; under these circumstances, the variability for average sedimentation values was typically 5%. The full shape of the distribution in s-values, however, is not easily subjected to quantitative interpretation. Moreover, the selection of the appropriate sedimentation speed is crucial for AUC of nanocrystals as the density of inorganic nanocrystals is much larger than that of solvents. Quantitative analysis of sedimentation properties will allow for better agreement between experimental and theoretical models of nanocrystal solution behavior, as well as providing deeper insight into the hydrodynamic size and solution properties of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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161
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Xu LQ, Yao F, Fu GD, Shen L. Simultaneous “Click Chemistry” and Atom Transfer Radical Emulsion Polymerization and Prepared Well-Defined Cross-Linked Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901019r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 211189
| | - Fang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 211189
| | - Guo-Dong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 211189
| | - Liang Shen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Fenglin Street Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
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162
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Clark M, Kiser P. In situ
crosslinked hydrogels formed using Cu(I)-free Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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163
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Kabanov A, Vinogradov S. Nanogele als pharmazeutische Trägersysteme: winzige Netzwerke mit großen Möglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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164
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Lee SM, Chen H, O'Halloran TV, Nguyen ST. "Clickable" polymer-caged nanobins as a modular drug delivery platform. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9311-20. [PMID: 19527027 PMCID: PMC3650134 DOI: 10.1021/ja9017336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Modularly clickable polymer-caged nanobins (PCNs) were prepared from liposome templates using a drop-in cholesterol-modified poly(acrylic acid) reagent followed by cross-linking with alkyne-functionalized diamine linker that allows for the conjugation of azide-modified targeting ligands via click ligation. These PCNs possess pH-responsive characteristics that can be used to trigger the release of encapsulated doxorubicin (DXR) payload inside the liposomal core under mild acidic conditions. After click-conjugation with azide-modified folate as an active targeting ligand, the resulting folate-conjugated, DXR-loaded PCNs (f-PCN(DXR)) demonstrated enhanced potency to folate receptor (FR)-positive tumor cells such as KB and OvCa432 over FR-negative MCF7 cells. f-PCN(DXR) can readily discriminate FR-positive tumor cells as a function of the level of cellular FR-expression, showing different degrees of potentiation in each cell. With both targeting functionalities and pH-sensitive drug-releasing triggers, f-PCN(DXR) was fifty-times more potent than the untargeted agent toward cancer cells that overexpress the folate target receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology and the Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Haimei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology and the Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Thomas V. O'Halloran
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology and the Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology and the Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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165
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Mumper RJ, Bell MA, Worthen DR, Cone RA, Lewis GR, Paull JRA, Moench TR. Formulating a sulfonated antiviral dendrimer in a vaginal microbicidal gel having dual mechanisms of action. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:515-24. [PMID: 19040181 DOI: 10.1080/03639040802488097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
SPL7013 is the sodium salt of a sulfonated dendrimer that has potent antiviral properties. VivaGel, a topical gel containing 3% (wt/wt) SPL7013, is in development as a vaginal microbicide. BufferGel is a Carbopol-based acidic buffering gel that enhances the natural protective action of the vagina to produce a broad-spectrum microbicidal environment. The positive attributes of both gels were combined into a combination vaginal microbicidal gel having dual mechanisms of action. A 3% (wt/wt) SPL7013 combination gel, pH 3.7, was developed and fully characterized and was shown to have more than twofold greater acidic buffering capacity than BufferGel. Ultracentrifugation experiments demonstrated that SPL7013 was not sequestered or entropically trapped in the viscous gel, thereby confirming, along with viral challenge studies, that SPL7013 has sufficient mobility in the viscous gel to exert antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA.
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166
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Nulwala H, Takizawa K, Odukale A, Khan A, Thibault RJ, Taft BR, Lipshutz BH, Hawker CJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Isomeric Vinyl-1,2,3-triazole Materials by Azide−Alkyne Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunaid Nulwala
- Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Kenichi Takizawa
- Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Anika Odukale
- Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Anzar Khan
- Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Raymond J. Thibault
- Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- The Dow Chemical Company, 2301 N Brazosport Blvd, B1608, Freeport, Texas 77598
| | - Benjamin R. Taft
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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167
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Xu N, Wang R, Du FS, Li ZC. Synthesis of amphiphilic biodegradable glycocopolymers based on poly(ε-caprolactone) by ring-opening polymerization and click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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168
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Intelligent core-shell nanoparticles and hollow spheres based on gelatin and PAA via template polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 334:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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169
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Yusa SI, Sugahara M, Endo T, Morishima Y. Preparation and characterization of a pH-responsive nanogel based on a photo-cross-linked micelle formed from block copolymers with controlled structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5258-5265. [PMID: 19292434 DOI: 10.1021/la803878s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-2-cinnamoyloxyethyl acrylate) (PEG-b-P(DEAEMA/CEA)) was prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-controlled radical polymerization. As solution pH is increased from an acidic pH, the hydrodynamic radius (R(h)) increases abruptly near pH 7, indicative of the micelle formation at pH > 7. The micelle formation at pH > 7 was supported by (1)H NMR and light scattering data. Upon irradiation of light, polymer chains in the core of the polymer micelle are cross-linked as a result of the photodimerization of the cinnamoyl groups, yielding a nanogel. The nanogel was characterized by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence techniques. The nanogel displayed an ability to solubilize N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (PNA) and 1-pyrenemethanol (hydrophobic guest molecules) into the hydrophobic core at pH > 7. It was confirmed with PNA that the solubilization of a guest molecule occurred at polymer concentrations (C(p)) lower than the critical micelle concentration (cmc) for PEG-b-P(DEAEMA/CEA) because the nanogel retains its micellar structure at C(p) < cmc. 1-Pyrenemethanol is strongly captured by the nanogel at pH 10, whereas it is easily released from the nanogel when pH is reduced to 3. This indicates that the hydrophobicity of the core of the nanogel can be modulated by a change in the degree of protonation of the DEAEMA units in the core, and thus the capture of a guest molecule and its release can be controlled by a change in solution pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
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170
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Smith AE, Xu X, Abell TU, Kirkland SE, Hensarling RM, McCormick CL. Tuning Nanostructure Morphology and Gold Nanoparticle “Locking” of Multi-Responsive Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers † Paper No. 138 in a series on Water Soluble Polymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802827p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Smith
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Xuewei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Thomas U. Abell
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Stacey E. Kirkland
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Ryan M. Hensarling
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Charles L. McCormick
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
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171
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Seela F, Xiong H, Leonard P, Budow S. 8-Aza-7-deazaguanine nucleosides and oligonucleotides with octadiynyl side chains: synthesis, functionalization by the azide-alkyne 'click' reaction and nucleobase specific fluorescence quenching of coumarin dye conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1374-87. [PMID: 19300823 DOI: 10.1039/b822041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides incorporating 7-(octa-1,7-diynyl) derivatives of 8-aza-7-deaza-2-deoxyguanosine (2d) were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. The side chain of 2d was introduced by the Sonogashira cross coupling reaction and phosphoramidites (3a, 3b) were synthesized. Duplexes containing 2d are more stabilized compared to those incorporating the non-functionalized 8-aza-7-deaza-2-deoxyguanosine (2a) demonstrating that these side chains have steric freedom in duplex DNA. Nucleoside 2d as well as 2d-containing oligonucleotides were conjugated to the non-fluorescent 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin 15 by the Huisgen-Meldal-Sharpless click reaction. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleoside conjugate 16 shows a much higher fluorescence intensity than that of the corresponding pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 17. The quenching in the dye conjugate 17 was found to be stronger on the stage of monomeric conjugates than in single-stranded or duplex DNA. Nucleobase-dye contact complexes are suggested which are more favourable in the monomeric state than in the DNA chain when the nucleobase is part of the stack. The side chains with the bulky dye conjugates are well accommodated in DNA duplexes thereby forming hybrids which are slightly more stable than canonical DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seela
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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172
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Jiang X, Zhang G, Narain R, Liu S. Fabrication of two types of shell-cross-linked micelles with "inverted" structures in aqueous solution from schizophrenic water-soluble ABC triblock copolymer via click chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2046-2054. [PMID: 19140708 DOI: 10.1021/la803616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A well-defined ABC triblock copolymer, poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PMEO2MA-b-PDMA-b-PDEA), was synthesized via sequential atom transfer radical polymerization using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate as the initiator. Reacting the triblock precursor with propargyl bromide in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran yielded PMEO2MA-b-P(DMA-co-QDMA)-b-PDEA triblock copolymer with "clickable" moieties, where QDMA was quaternized DMA residues. PMEO2MA-b-P(DMA-co-QDMA)-b-PDEA triblock copolymer exhibited "schizophrenic" micellization behavior in aqueous solution, forming three-layer onion-like PMEO2MA-core and PDEA-core micelles upon proper adjustment of the solution pH and temperature. For temperature-induced formation of PMEO2MA-core micelles at acidic pH, the critical micellization temperature can be tuned by incorporating oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA; the mean degree of polymerization was 8-9) residues into the PMEO2MA block, shifting from 38 to 43 degrees C as the OEGMA contents varied in the range of 0-10 mol %. In both types of micelles, the inner shell layer consisted of the middle P(DMA-co-QDMA) segment. Subsequently, cross-linking with tetra(ethylene glycol) diazide via click chemistry in the presence of copper catalysts led to the facile preparation of two types of shell-cross-linked (SCL) micelles with "inverted" structures in purely aqueous solution. The cores and coronas of SCL micelles exhibited multiresponsive swelling/shrinking and collapse/aggregation behavior, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of the fabrication of two types of SCL micelles with inverted structures from a single schizophrenic water-soluble triblock copolymer in purely aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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173
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van Berkel KY, Piekarski AM, Kierstead PH, Pressly ED, Ray PC, Hawker CJ. A Simple Route to Multimodal Composite Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802849f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Y. van Berkel
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - Ashley M. Piekarski
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - Paul H. Kierstead
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - Eric D. Pressly
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - Paresh C. Ray
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
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174
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Wang X, Liu L, Luo Y, Zhao H. Bioconjugation of biotin to the interfaces of polymeric micelles via in situ click chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:744-750. [PMID: 19105785 DOI: 10.1021/la802810w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Azido-containing amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(azidoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PAzEMA-b-PMMA) was prepared by postpolymerization functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PHEMA-b-PMMA). In aqueous media, PEG-b-PAzEMA-b-PMMA self-assembled into spherical micelles with the azide groups at the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface due to the molecular architecture. Biotin was conjugated to the micelles by in situ click chemistry between azide groups and alkynated biotin, resulting in the formation of a functional interface between the hydrophilic shell and the hydrophobic core. The bioavailability of biotin to avidin was demonstrated by an avidin/4'-hydroxyazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid (avidin/HABA) assay, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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175
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Spruell JM, Levy BA, Sutherland A, Dichtel WR, Cheng JY, Stoddart JF, Nelson A. Facile postpolymerization end-modification of RAFT polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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176
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Xiong XQ. Efficient Synthesis of Dendritic Architectures by One-Pot Double Click Reactions. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic macromolecules with 8 and 16 hydroxy end-groups on the periphery have been synthesized using double click reactions (Cu-catalyzed azide/alkyne click chemistry, i.e., CuAAC and Diels–Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions) with a one-pot technique. The structure of the dendrimers was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorpton–ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The purity was determined by size exclusion chromatography.
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177
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Kabanov AV, Vinogradov SV. Nanogels as pharmaceutical carriers: finite networks of infinite capabilities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5418-29. [PMID: 19562807 PMCID: PMC2872506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 889] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are swollen nanosized networks composed of hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymer chains. They are developed as carriers for the transport of drugs, and can be designed to spontaneously incorporate biologically active molecules through formation of salt bonds, hydrogen bonds, or hydrophobic interactions. Polyelectrolyte nanogels can readily incorporate oppositely charged low-molecular-mass drugs and biomacromolecules such as oligo- and polynucleotides (siRNA, DNA) as well as proteins. The guest molecules interact electrostatically with the ionic polymer chains of the gel and become bound within the finite nanogel. Multiple chemical functionalities can be employed in the nanogels to introduce imaging labels and to allow targeted drug delivery. The latter can be achieved, for example, with degradable or cleavable cross-links. Recent studies suggest that nanogels have a very promising future in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830 (United States); Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Serguei V. Vinogradov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830 (United States)
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178
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Xu X, Smith AE, McCormick CL. Facile 'One-Pot' Preparation of Reversible, Disulfide-Containing Shell Cross-Linked Micelles from a RAFT-Synthesized, pH-Responsive Triblock Copolymer in Water at Room Temperature. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A pH-responsive triblock copolymer, α-methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide)-β-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (mPEO-PAPMA-PDPAEMA), was synthesized via aqueous RAFT polymerization. This triblock copolymer dissolves in aqueous solution at low pH (<5.0) due to protonation of primary amine residues on the PAPMA block and tertiary amine residues on the PDPAEMA block. Above pH 6.0, the copolymer unimers self-assemble into micelles consisting of PDPAEMA cores, PAPMA shells, and mPEO coronas. Dynamic light scattering studies indicated a hydrodynamic diameter of 92 nm at pH 9.0. A bifunctional, reversible cross-linker, dimethyl 3,3′-dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP), was used to cross-link the micelles. The ‘one-pot’ formation of shell cross-linked (SCL) micelles was accomplished at room temperature in water by mixing the triblock copolymers and DTBP at pH 3.0, and slowly increasing the solution pH to 9.0 leading to the simultaneous formation of micelles and cross-linking. These SCL micelles are readily cleaved by the addition of the reducing agent, dithiothreitol, and can be re-cross-linked simply by exposure to air. Such SCL micelles have potential as nanocarriers for controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents because the in situ cleavage of the disulfide linkages would not only allow release of bioactive agents, but also permit renal clearance of the resulting unimeric components.
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179
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180
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Spruell J, Sheriff B, Rozkiewicz D, Dichtel W, Rohde R, Reinhoudt D, Stoddart J, Heath J. Heterogeneous Catalysis through Microcontact Printing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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181
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Spruell J, Sheriff B, Rozkiewicz D, Dichtel W, Rohde R, Reinhoudt D, Stoddart J, Heath J. Heterogeneous Catalysis through Microcontact Printing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9927-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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182
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Zhang Y, He H, Gao C. Clickable Macroinitiator Strategy to Build Amphiphilic Polymer Brushes on Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801696z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, and Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, and Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, and Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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183
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Xu X, Smith AE, Kirkland SE, McCormick CL. Aqueous RAFT Synthesis of pH-Responsive Triblock Copolymer mPEO−PAPMA−PDPAEMA and Formation of Shell Cross-Linked Micelles. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801725w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Stacey E. Kirkland
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Charles L. McCormick
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
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184
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Zhang X, Lian X, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhao H. Synthesis of Comb Copolymers with Pendant Chromophore Groups Based on RAFT Polymerization and Click Chemistry and Formation of Electron Donor−Acceptor Supramolecules. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801405j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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185
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Wei B, Gurr PA, Gozen AO, Blencowe A, Solomon DH, Qiao GG, Spontak RJ, Genzer J. Autophobicity-driven surface segregation and patterning of core-shell microgel nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3010-3016. [PMID: 18687010 DOI: 10.1021/nl802109x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell microgel (CSMG) nanoparticles, also referred to as core-cross-linked star (CCS) polymers, can be envisaged as permanently cross-linked block copolymer micelles and, as such, afford novel opportunities for chemical functionalization, templating, and encapsulation. In this study, we explore the behavior of CSMG nanoparticles comprising a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell in molten PMMA thin films. Because of the autophobicity between the densely packed, short PMMA arms of the CSMG shell and the long PMMA chains in the matrix, the nanoparticles migrate to the film surface. They cannot, however, break through the surface because of the inherently high surface energy of PMMA. Similar thermal treatment of CSMG-containing PMMA thin films with a polystyrene (PS) capping layer replaces surface energy at the PMMA/air interface by interfacial energy at the PMMA/PS interface, which reduces the energy barrier by an order of magnitude, thereby permitting the nanoparticles to emerge out of the PMMA bulk. This nanoscale process is reversible and can be captured at intermediate degrees of completion. Moreover, it is fundamentally general and can be exploited as an alternative means by which to reversibly pattern or functionalize polymer surfaces for applications requiring responsive nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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186
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Ladmiral V, Legge TM, Zhao Y, Perrier S. “Click” Chemistry and Radical Polymerization: Potential Loss of Orthogonality. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8010262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ladmiral
- The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and Key Centre for Polymer Colloids, School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas M. Legge
- The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and Key Centre for Polymer Colloids, School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Youliang Zhao
- The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and Key Centre for Polymer Colloids, School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and Key Centre for Polymer Colloids, School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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187
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Meldal
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark, and H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Christian Wenzel Tornøe
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark, and H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
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188
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Golas PL, Tsarevsky NV, Matyjaszewski K. Structure–Reactivity Correlation in “Click” Chemistry: Substituent Effect on Azide Reactivity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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189
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Johnson JA, Finn MG, Koberstein JT, Turro NJ. Construction of Linear Polymers, Dendrimers, Networks, and Other Polymeric Architectures by Copper‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition “Click” Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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190
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191
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Efficient construction of therapeutics, bioconjugates, biomaterials and bioactive surfaces using azide-alkyne "click" chemistry. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:958-70. [PMID: 18406491 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The concept of "click" chemistry, introduced by Sharpless and coworkers a couple of years ago, promotes the use of efficient, selective and versatile chemical reactions in synthetic chemistry. For instance, the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is regarded as a prime example of "click" chemistry. This reaction is regioselective, chemoselective and moreover can be performed in aqueous medium at room or physiological temperature. Thus, CuAAC became lately a very popular ligation tool in biological and medical sciences. Several hundred of articles exploring the synthetic possibilities of CuAAC in biosciences have been published within the last four years. The aim of the present review is to give an overall--non exhaustive--picture of this emerging field of research. The advantages and versatility of CuAAC in scientific disciplines as diverse as drug discovery, biochemistry, bioconjugates synthesis, drug-delivery, gene therapy, bioseparation or diagnostics are presented and discussed in detail.
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192
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Sun G, Hagooly A, Xu J, Nyström AM, Li Z, Rossin R, Moore DA, Wooley KL, Welch MJ. Facile, efficient approach to accomplish tunable chemistries and variable biodistributions for shell cross-linked nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1997-2006. [PMID: 18510359 DOI: 10.1021/bm800246x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo behavior of shell cross-linked knedel-like (SCK) nanoparticles is shown to be tunable via a straightforward and versatile process that advances SCKs as attractive nanoscale carriers in the field of nanomedicine. Tuning of the pharmacokinetics was accomplished by grafting varied numbers of methoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) chains to the amphiphilic block copolymer precursors, together with chelators for the radioactive tracer and therapeutic agent (64)Cu, followed by self-assembly into block copolymer micelles and chemical cross-linking throughout the shell regions. (64)Cu-radiolabeling was then performed to evaluate the SCKs in vivo by means of biodistribution experiments and positron emission tomography (PET). It was found that the blood retention of PEGylated SCKs could be tuned, depending on the mPEG grafting density and the nanoparticle surface properties. A semiquantitative model of the density of mPEG surface coverage as a function of in vivo behavior was applied to enhance the understanding of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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193
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Ievins AD, Wang X, Moughton AO, Skey J, O’Reilly RK. Synthesis of Core Functionalized Polymer Micelles and Shell Cross-Linked Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Ievins
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Adam O. Moughton
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jared Skey
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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194
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Ostaci RV, Damiron D, Capponi S, Vignaud G, Léger L, Grohens Y, Drockenmuller E. Polymer brushes grafted to "passivated" silicon substrates using click chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:2732-2739. [PMID: 18247640 DOI: 10.1021/la703086x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present herein a versatile method for grafting polymer brushes to passivated silicon surfaces based on the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click chemistry) of omega-azido polymers and alkynyl-functionalized silicon substrates. First, the "passivation" of the silicon substrates toward polymer adsorption was performed by the deposition of an alkyne functionalized self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Then, three tailor-made omega-azido linear brush precursors, i.e., PEG-N3, PMMA-N3, and PS-N3 (Mn approximately 20,000 g/mol), were grafted to alkyne-functionalized SAMs via click chemistry in tetrahydrofuran. The SAM, PEG, PMMA, and PS layers were characterized by ellipsometry, scanning probe microscopy, and water contact angle measurements. Results have shown that the grafting process follows the scaling laws developed for polymer brushes, with a significant dependence over the weight fraction of polymer in the grafting solution and the grafting time. The chemical nature of the brushes has only a weak influence on the click chemistry grafting reaction and morphologies observed, yielding polymer brushes with thickness of ca. 6 nm and grafting densities of ca. 0.2 chains/nm2. The examples developed herein have shown that this highly versatile and tunable approach can be extended to the grafting of a wide range of polymer (pseudo-) brushes to silicon substrates without changing the tethering strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Viorela Ostaci
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et Biomatériaux (IMP/LMPB, UMR CNRS 5223), 15 Boulevard Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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195
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De P, Gondi SR, Sumerlin BS. Folate-Conjugated Thermoresponsive Block Copolymers: Highly Efficient Conjugation and Solution Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1064-70. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701255v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarsi De
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314
| | - Sudershan R. Gondi
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314
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196
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197
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198
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Pharmaceutical Micelles: Combining Longevity, Stability, and Stimuli Sensitivity. MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL NANOCARRIERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76554-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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199
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Ma J, Cheng C, Sun G, Wooley KL. A polarity-activation strategy for the high incorporation of 1-alkenes into functional copolymersvia RAFT copolymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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200
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