151
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Abstract
The metal complex [(tpy)(Mebim-py)Ru(II)(S)](2+) (tpy = 2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine; Mebim-py = 3-methyl-1-pyridylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene; S = solvent) is a robust, reactive electrocatalyst toward both water oxidation to oxygen and carbon dioxide reduction to carbon monoxide. Here we describe its use as a single electrocatalyst for CO(2) splitting, CO(2) → CO + 1/2 O(2), in a two-compartment electrochemical cell.
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152
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Hintermair U, Hashmi SM, Elimelech M, Crabtree RH. Particle Formation during Oxidation Catalysis with Cp* Iridium Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9785-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3033026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut
06520, United States
| | - Sara M. Hashmi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse
Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse
Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut
06520, United States
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153
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Parent AR, Brewster TP, De Wolf W, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Sodium Periodate as a Primary Oxidant for Water-Oxidation Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6147-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300154x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Parent
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8107, United States
| | - Timothy P. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8107, United States
| | - Wendy De Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8107, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8107, United States
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154
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Cook TR, McCarthy BD, Lutterman DA, Nocera DG. Halogen Oxidation and Halogen Photoelimination Chemistry of a Platinum–Rhodium Heterobimetallic Core. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5152-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Brian D. McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Daniel A. Lutterman
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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155
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Surendranath Y, Lutterman DA, Liu Y, Nocera DG. Nucleation, growth, and repair of a cobalt-based oxygen evolving catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6326-36. [PMID: 22394103 DOI: 10.1021/ja3000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of nucleation, steady-state growth, and repair is investigated for an oxygen evolving catalyst prepared by electrodeposition from Co(2+) solutions in weakly basic electrolytes (Co-OEC). Potential step chronoamperometry and atomic force microscopy reveal that nucleation of Co-OEC is progressive and reaches a saturation surface coverage of ca. 70% on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates. Steady-state electrodeposition of Co-OEC exhibits a Tafel slope approximately equal to 2.3 × RT/F. The electrochemical rate law exhibits a first order dependence on Co(2+) and inverse orders on proton (third order) and proton acceptor, methylphosphonate (first order for 1.8 mM ≤ [MeP(i)] ≤ 18 mM and second order dependence for 32 mM ≤ [MeP(i)] ≤ 180 mM). These electrokinetic studies, combined with recent XAS studies of catalyst structure, suggest a mechanism for steady state growth at intermediate MeP(i) concentration (1.8-18 mM) involving a rapid solution equilibrium between aquo Co(II) and Co(III) hydroxo species accompanied with a rapid surface equilibrium involving electrolyte dissociation and deprotonation of surface bound water. These equilibria are followed by a chemical rate-limiting step for incorporation of Co(III) into the growing cobaltate clusters comprising Co-OEC. At higher concentrations of MeP(i) ([MeP(i)] ≥ 32 mM), MePO(3)(2-) equilibrium binding to Co(II) in solution is suggested by the kinetic data. Consistent with the disparate pH profiles for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis and catalyst formation, NMR-based quantification of catalyst dissolution as a function of pH demonstrates functional stability and repair at pH values >6 whereas catalyst corrosion prevails at lower pH values. These kinetic insights provide a basis for developing and operating functional water oxidation (photo)anodes under benign pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
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156
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deKrafft KE, Wang C, Xie Z, Su X, Hinds BJ, Lin W. Electrochemical water oxidation with carbon-grafted iridium complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:608-613. [PMID: 22292527 DOI: 10.1021/am2018095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen production from water splitting provides a potential solution to storing harvested solar energy in chemical fuels, but this process requires active and robust catalysts that can oxidize water to provide a source of electrons for proton reduction. Here we report the direct, covalent grafting of molecular Ir complexes onto carbon electrodes, with up to a monolayer coverage. Carbon-grafted Ir complexes electrochemically oxidize water with a turnover frequency of up to 3.3 s(-1) and a turnover number of 644 during the first hour. Electrochemical water oxidation with grafted catalysts gave enhanced rates and stability compared to chemically driven water oxidation with the corresponding molecular catalysts. This strategy provides a way to systematically evaluate catalysts under tunable conditions, potentially providing new insights into electrochemical water oxidation processes and water oxidation catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E deKrafft
- Department of Chemistry, CB#3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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157
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Rigsby ML, Mandal S, Nam W, Spencer LC, Llobet A, Stahl SS. Cobalt analogs of Ru-based water oxidation catalysts: overcoming thermodynamic instability and kinetic lability to achieve electrocatalytic O2 evolution. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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158
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Iali W, Petrović P, Pfeffer M, Grimme S, Djukic JP. The inhibition of iridium-promoted water oxidation catalysis (WOC) by cucurbit[n]urils. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:12233-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31363d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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159
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Fukuzumi S, Yamada Y. Catalytic activity of metal-based nanoparticles for photocatalytic water oxidation and reduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32926c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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160
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Petronilho A, Rahman M, Woods JA, Al-Sayyed H, Müller-Bunz H, Don MacElroy JM, Bernhard S, Albrecht M. Photolytic water oxidation catalyzed by a molecular carbene iridium complex. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:13074-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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