151
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Zhang JS, Liu L, Chen T, Han LB. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Three-Component Difunctionalizations of Alkenes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2277-2291. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Hainan University; Haikou, Hainan 570228 China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Hainan University; Haikou, Hainan 570228 China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
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152
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Kc S, Dhungana RK, Shrestha B, Thapa S, Khanal N, Basnet P, Lebrun RW, Giri R. Ni-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylarylation of Vinylarenes via C(sp 3)-C(sp 3)/C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Bond Formation and Mechanistic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9801-9805. [PMID: 30049210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a Ni-catalyzed regioselective alkylarylation of vinylarenes with alkyl halides and arylzinc reagents to generate 1,1-diarylalkanes. The reaction proceeds well with primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides, and electronically diverse arylzinc reagents. Mechanistic investigations by radical probes, competition studies and quantitative kinetics reveal that the current reaction proceeds via a Ni(0)/Ni(I)/Ni(II) catalytic cycle by a rate-limiting direct halogen atom abstraction via single electron transfer to alkyl halides by a Ni(0)-catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Kc
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Roshan K Dhungana
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Bijay Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Surendra Thapa
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Namrata Khanal
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Prakash Basnet
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Robert W Lebrun
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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153
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Lv H, Xiao LJ, Zhao D, Zhou QL. Nickel(0)-catalyzed linear-selective hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes and styrenes with aryl boronic acids. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6839-6843. [PMID: 30310616 PMCID: PMC6115005 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the first linear-selective hydroarylation reaction of unactivated alkenes and styrenes with aryl boronic acids, which was achieved by introducing a directing group on the alkenes. This efficient, scalable reaction serves as a method for modular assembly of structurally diverse alkyl arenes, including γ-aryl butyric acid derivatives, which are widely utilized as chemical building blocks for the synthesis of various drugs and other biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggui Lv
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300071 , China .
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154
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Basnet P, Dhungana RK, Thapa S, Shrestha B, KC S, Sears JM, Giri R. Ni-Catalyzed Regioselective β,δ-Diarylation of Unactivated Olefins in Ketimines via Ligand-Enabled Contraction of Transient Nickellacycles: Rapid Access to Remotely Diarylated Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7782-7786. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Basnet
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Surendra Thapa
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Bijay Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Shekhar KC
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Jeremiah M. Sears
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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155
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Derosa J, van der Puyl VA, Tran VT, Liu M, Engle KM. Directed nickel-catalyzed 1,2-dialkylation of alkenyl carbonyl compounds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5278-5283. [PMID: 29997883 PMCID: PMC6001383 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A substrate-directed approach to couple alkylzinc nucleophiles, alkyl halide electrophiles, and non-conjugated alkenes under nickel catalysis is described.
A nickel-catalyzed conjunctive cross-coupling of non-conjugated alkenes, alkyl halides, and alkylzinc reagents is reported. Regioselectivity is controlled by chelation of a removable bidentate 8-aminoquinoline directing group. Under optimized conditions, a wide range of 1,2-dialkylated products can be accessed in moderate to excellent yields. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first example of three-component 1,2-dialkylation of non-conjugated alkenes to introduce differentiated alkyl fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Derosa
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , USA .
| | - Vincent A van der Puyl
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , USA .
| | - Van T Tran
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , USA .
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , USA .
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , USA .
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156
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Zhou F, Hu X, Zhang W, Li CJ. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Reductive Arylation of Styrenes with Aryl Iodides Mediated by Zinc in Water. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7416-7422. [PMID: 29701471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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157
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Dhungana RK, Kc S, Basnet P, Giri R. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins. CHEM REC 2018. [PMID: 29517841 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal (TM)-catalyzed difunctionalization of unactivated olefins with two carbon-based entities is a powerful method to construct complex molecular architectures rapidly from simple and readily available feedstock chemicals. While dicarbofunctionalization of unactivated olefins has a long history typically with the use of either carbon monoxide to intercept C(sp3 )-[M] (alkyl-TM) species or substrates lacking in β-hydrogen (β-Hs), development of this class of reaction still remains seriously limited due to complications of β-H elimination arising from the in situ-generated C(sp3 )-[M] intermediates. Over the years, different approaches have been harnessed to suppress β-H elimination, which have led to the development of various types of olefin dicarbofunctionalization reactions even in substrates that generate C(sp3 )-[M] intermediates bearing β-Hs with a wide range of electrophiles and nucleophiles. In this review, these developments will be discussed both through the lens of historical perspectives as well as the strategies scrutinized over the years to address the issue of β-H elimination. However, this review article by no means is designed to be exhaustive in the field, and is merely presented to provide the readers an overview of the key reaction developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan K Dhungana
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Shekhar Kc
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Prakash Basnet
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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158
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Giri R, KC S. Strategies toward Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins by Combined Heck Carbometalation and Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3013-3022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry and & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Shekhar KC
- Department of Chemistry and & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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159
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KC S, Basnet P, Thapa S, Shrestha B, Giri R. Ni-Catalyzed Regioselective Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins by Tandem Cyclization/Cross-Coupling and Application to the Concise Synthesis of Lignan Natural Products. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2920-2936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar KC
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Prakash Basnet
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Surendra Thapa
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Bijay Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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160
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Thapa S, Dhungana RK, Magar RT, Shrestha B, Kc S, Giri R. Ni-catalysed regioselective 1,2-diarylation of unactivated olefins by stabilizing Heck intermediates as pyridylsilyl-coordinated transient metallacycles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:904-909. [PMID: 29629157 PMCID: PMC5872806 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a Ni-catalysed diarylation of unactivated olefins in dimethylpyridylvinylsilane by intercepting Heck C(sp3)-NiX intermediates, derived from aryl halides, with arylzinc reagents. This approach utilizes a modifiable pyridylsilyl moiety as a coordinating group that plays a dual role of intercepting oxidative addition species to promote Heck carbometallation, and stabilizing the Heck C(sp3)-NiX intermediates as transient metallacycles to suppress β-hydride elimination, and facilitate transmetalation/reductive elimination. This method affords 1,2-diarylethylsilanes, which can be readily oxidized to 1,2-diarylethanols that occur as structural motifs in 3-aryl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin and dihydrostilbenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Thapa
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Roshan K Dhungana
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Rajani Thapa Magar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Bijay Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Shekhar Kc
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM 87131 , USA .
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161
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Yong X, Han YF, Li Y, Song RJ, Li JH. Alkylarylation of styrenes via direct C(sp3)–Br/C(sp2)–H functionalization mediated by photoredox and copper cooperative catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12816-12819. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For straightforward access to various substituted 1,1-diarylalkanes a photoredox-catalyzed and copper-promoted 1,2-alkylarylation reaction of styrenes has been developed, which uses α-carbonyl alkyl bromides and N,N-disubstituted anilines as functionalization reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Ya-Fei Han
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
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162
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Ouyang XH, Cheng J, Li JH. 1,2-Diarylation of alkenes with aryldiazonium salts and arenes enabled by visible light photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8745-8748. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visible light-driven three-component alkene 1,2-diarylation with aryldiazonium salts and arenes involving aryl C(sp2)–H functionalization is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
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163
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Ouyang XH, Hu M, Song RJ, Li JH. Oxidative three-component 1,2-alkylarylation of alkenes with alkyl nitriles and N-heteroarenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12345-12348. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06509h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Indium-promoted oxidative three-component 1,2-alkylarylation of alkenes with alkyl nitriles and N-heteroarenes is achieved by C(sp3)–H/C(sp2)–H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
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164
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Kuang Y, Wang X, Anthony D, Diao T. Ni-catalyzed two-component reductive dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes via radical cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2558-2561. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A reductive dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes has been developed and applied to the preparation of substituted carbo- and heterocycles.
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165
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Logan KM, Sardini SR, White SD, Brown MK. Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoselective Arylboration of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:159-162. [PMID: 29271650 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed method for arylboration is disclosed. The method allows for highly stereoselective arylboration of unactivated alkenes. The reactions utilize a simple Ni-catalyst and work with a broad range of alkenes and aryl bromides. The products represent useful intermediates for chemical synthesis due to the versatility of the C-B bond. Preliminary mechanistic details of the method are also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Stephen R Sardini
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sean D White
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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166
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Li W, Boon JK, Zhao Y. Nickel-catalyzed difunctionalization of allyl moieties using organoboronic acids and halides with divergent regioselectivities. Chem Sci 2017; 9:600-607. [PMID: 29629124 PMCID: PMC5869318 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present herein a nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes using readily available organoboronic acids and organic halides in a three-component fashion.
Efficient difunctionalization of alkenes allows the rapid construction of molecular complexity from simple building blocks in organic synthesis. We present herein a nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes using readily available organoboronic acids and organic halides in a three-component fashion. In particular, an unprecedented regioselectivity of the 1,3-dicarbofunctionalization of N-allylpyrimidin-2-amine is achieved when aryl and methyl iodides are utilized. In contrast, the use of alkyl bromides with β-hydrogens results in 1,3-hydroarylation or oxidative 1,3-diarylation. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest an isomerization involving nickel hydride in the 1,3-difunctionalization reactions. On the other hand, the use of alkenyl or alkynyl halides promotes alternative regioselectivities to deliver 1,2-alkenylcarbonation or intriguing 2,1-alkynylcarbonation products. Such 2,1-alkynylarylation is also applicable to N-allylbenzamide as a different class of substrates. Overall, this nickel-catalyzed process proves to be powerful in delivering versatile difunctionalized compounds using readily available reagents/catalysts and a simple procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Li
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
| | - Jie Kang Boon
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
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167
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Chemler SR, Karyakarte SD, Khoder ZM. Stereoselective and Regioselective Synthesis of Heterocycles via Copper-Catalyzed Additions of Amine Derivatives and Alcohols to Alkenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11311-11325. [PMID: 28910106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective describes the development of a family of copper(II)-catalyzed alkene difunctionalization reactions that enable stereoselective addition of amine derivatives and alcohols onto pendant unactivated alkenes to provide a range of valuable saturated nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles. 2-Vinylanilines and related substrates undergo alternative oxidative amination or allylic amination pathways, and these reactions will also be discussed. The involvement of both polar and radical steps in the reaction mechanisms have been implicated. Major product formation is a function of the lowest energy pathway, which in turn is a function of structural aspects of the various reaction components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry R Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Shuklendu D Karyakarte
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Zainab M Khoder
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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