151
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Shakeel F, Haq N, Siddiqui NA. Thermodynamic solubility and solvation behavior of ferulic acid in different (PEG-400 + water) binary solvent mixtures. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1468-1476. [PMID: 31225760 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1628768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work was carried out to determine solubility, solution thermodynamics, solvation behavior, and molecular interactions of a natural compound ferulic acid (FLA) in different '[polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) + water]' binary solvent mixtures at 'T = 298.2 K to 318.2 K' and 'p = 0.1 MPa.' The mole fraction solubilities (xe) of FLA were determined by liquid chromatographic technique using a static equilibrium technique. The obtained solubility data of FLA were regressed using 'Van't Hoff, Apelblat, Yalkowsky-Roseman and Jouyban-Acree models.' The solubility of FLA (expressed in mole fraction) was enhanced with elevation in absolute temperature in each 'PEG-400 + water' binary solvent mixture evaluated. The maximum xe values of FLA were recorded in neat PEG-400 (1.94 × 10-1) at 'T = 318.2 K.' While, the minimum one was obtained in neat water (4.90 × 10-5) at 'T = 298.2 K.' The molecular interactions between FLA-PEG-400 and FLA-water were obtained by determination of activity coefficients of FLA in different 'PEG-400 + water' binary solvent mixtures. The physical data of activity coefficients recorded in this work suggested strong molecular interactions in FLA-PEG-400 in comparison with FLA-water. 'Apparent thermodynamic analysis' suggested an 'endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution' of FLA in each 'PEG-400 + water' binary solvent mixture investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiyaz Shakeel
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazrul Haq
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir A Siddiqui
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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152
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Prudêncio ER, Cardoso CM, Castro RN, Riger CJ. Antioxidant Effect of Caffeic Acid Derivatives on Sod and Glutathione Defective Yeasts. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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153
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Muller AG, Sarker SD, Saleem IY, Hutcheon GA. Delivery of natural phenolic compounds for the potential treatment of lung cancer. Daru 2019; 27:433-449. [PMID: 31115871 PMCID: PMC6593021 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of natural products to treat various diseases, such as cancer, has been an important area of research for many years. Several phytochemicals have demonstrated anticarcinogenic activity to prevent or reduce the progression of cancer by modulating various cellular mechanisms. However, poor bioavailability has hindered clinical success and the incorporation of these drugs into efficient drug delivery systems would be beneficial. For lung cancer, local delivery via the pulmonary route would also be more effective. In this article, recent in vitro scientific literature on phenolic compounds with anticancer activity towards lung cancer cell lines is reviewed and nanoparticulate delivery is mentioned as a possible solution to the problem of bioavailability. The first part of the review will explore the different classes of natural phenolic compounds and discuss recent reports on their activity on lung cancer cells. Then, the problem of the poor bioavailability of phenolic compounds will be explored, followed by a summary of recent advances in improving the efficacy of these phenolic compounds using nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Graphical abstract The rationale for direct delivery of phenolic compounds loaded in microparticles to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Muller
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Imran Y Saleem
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Gillian A Hutcheon
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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154
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Barvinchenko VN, Lipkovskaya NA, Kulik TV, Kartel’ NT. Adsorption of Natural 3-Phenylpropenic Acids on Cerium Dioxide Surface. COLLOID JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x19010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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155
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Zapata PJ, Martínez-Esplá A, Gironés-Vilaplana A, Santos-Lax D, Noguera-Artiaga L, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Phenolic, volatile, and sensory profiles of beer enriched by macerating quince fruits. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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156
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Kang NH, Mukherjee S, Yun JW. Trans-Cinnamic Acid Stimulates White Fat Browning and Activates Brown Adipocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E577. [PMID: 30857158 PMCID: PMC6470544 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, pharmacological activation of brown fat and induction of white fat browning (beiging) have been considered promising strategies to treat obesity. To search for natural products that could stimulate the process of browning in adipocytes, we evaluated the activity of trans-cinnamic acid (tCA), a class of cinnamon from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, by determining genetic expression using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein expression by immunoblot analysis for thermogenic and fat metabolizing markers. In our study tCA induced brown like-phenotype in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and activated HIB1B brown adipocytes. tCA increased protein content of brown-fat-specific markers (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α) and expression levels of beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmen26) in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes, as well as brown-fat-specific genes (Lhx8, Ppargc1, Prdm16, Ucp1, and Zic1) in HIB1B brown adipocytes. Furthermore, tCA reduced expression of key adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPα and PPARγ in white adipocytes, but enhanced their expressions in brown adipocytes. In addition, tCA upregulates lipid catabolism. Moreover, mechanistic study revealed that tCA induced browning in white adipocytes by activating the β3-AR and AMPK signaling pathways. tCA can induce browning, increase fat oxidation, reduce adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and activate HIB1B adipocytes, suggesting its potential to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hyeon Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea.
| | - Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea.
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea.
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157
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Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives Containing a Cinnamic Acid Moiety as Potential Bactericide for Rice Bacterial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051020. [PMID: 30813628 PMCID: PMC6429232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bacterial leaf blight and leaf streak are two important bacterial diseases of rice, which can result in yield loss. Currently, effective antimicrobials for rice bacterial diseases are still lacking. Thus, to develop highly effective and low-risk bactericides, 31 novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing a cinnamic acid moiety were designed and synthesized. Bioassay results demonstrated that all compounds exhibited good antibacterial activities in vitro. Significantly, compounds 5r and 5t showed excellent antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), with the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.58 and 0.34, and 0.44 and 0.20 μg/mL, respectively. These compounds were much better than thiodiazole copper (123.10 and 161.52 μg/mL) and bismerthiazol (85.66 and 110.96 μg/mL). Moreover, compound 5t had better protective and curative activities against rice bacterial leaf blight and leaf streak than thiodiazole copper and bismerthiazol in vivo. Simultaneously, the in vivo efficacy of the compounds was demonstrated by real-time quantitative PCR to quantify bacterial titers. In addition, a three-dimensional quantitative structure⁻activity relationship model was created and presented good predictive ability. This work provides support for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing a cinnamic acid moiety as a potential new bactericide for rice bacterial diseases.
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158
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de la Torre‐Robles A, Monteagudo C, Mariscal‐Arcas M, Lorenzo‐Tovar ML, Olea‐Serrano F, Rivas A. Effect of Light Exposure on the Quality and Phenol Content of Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oil during 12‐Month Storage. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia de la Torre‐Robles
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal‐Arcas
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Lorenzo‐Tovar
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Fátima Olea‐Serrano
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
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159
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Yue Y, Shen P, Xu Y, Park Y. p-Coumaric acid improves oxidative and osmosis stress responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1190-1197. [PMID: 30047165 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-response pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were found to be closely related to human diseases and aging. Research on stress responses in C. elegans can therefore significantly facilitate understanding of related human diseases. p-Coumaric acid is present in peanuts, carrots, and garlic, and exerts many biological effects, however, its responses to various environmental stressors remain unknown. Thus, in the current study, we employed C. elegans as the in vivo animal model to examine the function of p-coumaric acid under various stressed conditions. RESULTS Treatment of C. elegans with p-coumaric acid resulted in a significant reduction in the intercellular reactive oxygen species levels, which suggests the in vivo antioxidant capacity of p-coumaric acid. Moreover, p-coumaric acid significantly increased the worms' survival under oxidative and osmosis stressed conditions but had no effect under normal or heat-stressed conditions. The increased oxidative resistance induced by p-coumaric acid was mediated by skn-1, an ortholog of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) transcriptional factor. Downregulation of the osmosis regulatory gene, osr-1, might contribute to p-coumaric acids' effect on increased resistance to high osmolarity. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that p-coumaric acid, an antioxidant agent, ameliorated oxidative and osmosis stresses in C. elegans. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yuejia Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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160
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Mehmood A, Ishaq M, Zhao L, Safdar B, Rehman AU, Munir M, Raza A, Nadeem M, Iqbal W, Wang C. Natural compounds with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity: A review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:387-418. [PMID: 30403440 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA), a disease due to an elevation of body uric acid level and responsible for various diseases such as gout, cardiovascular disorders, and renal failure, is a major ground debate for the medical science these days. Considering the risk factors linked with allopathic drugs for the treatment of this disease, the debate has now become a special issue. Previously, we critically discussed the role of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of HUA. Besides dietary food plants, many researchers figure out the tremendous effects of medicinal plants-derived phytochemicals against HUA. Keeping in mind all these aspects, we reviewed all possible managerial studies related to HUA through medicinal plants (isolated compounds). In the current review article, we comprehensively discussed various bioactive compounds, chemical structures, and structure-activity relationship with responsible key enzyme xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Bushra Safdar
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ashfaq-Ur Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Masooma Munir
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Iqbal
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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161
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Fási L, Di Meo F, Kuo CY, Stojkovic Buric S, Martins A, Kúsz N, Béni Z, Dékány M, Balogh GT, Pesic M, Wang HC, Trouillas P, Hunyadi A. Antioxidant-Inspired Drug Discovery: Antitumor Metabolite Is Formed in Situ from a Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivative upon Free-Radical Scavenging. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1657-1668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florent Di Meo
- INSERM UMR 1248 IPPRITT, Université Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd. 100, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sonja Stojkovic Buric
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Martins
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Milica Pesic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd. 100, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM UMR 1248 IPPRITT, Université Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87000 Limoges, France
- RCPTM, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University, tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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162
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Chavarria D, Fernandes C, Silva T, Garrido J, Remião F, Oliveira PJ, Borges F. Bioisosteric OH- to SH-replacement changes the antioxidant profile of ferulic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9646-9654. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01875a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new ferulic acid-based thiophenol was synthesized and the differences in the antioxidant properties of the natural and the synthetic compounds were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Tiago Silva
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Jorge Garrido
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Engineering (ISEP)
- Polytechnic of Porto
- 4200-072 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE
- Laboratory of Toxicology
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
- University of Coimbra
- Cantanhede
- Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
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163
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Fonseca AC, Lima MS, Sousa AF, Silvestre AJ, Coelho JFJ, Serra AC. Cinnamic acid derivatives as promising building blocks for advanced polymers: synthesis, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A global overview of the use of cinnamic acid derivatives in polymer science is given in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Fonseca
- CEMMPRE
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- 3030-790 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Mafalda S. Lima
- CEMMPRE
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- 3030-790 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Andreia F. Sousa
- CEMMPRE
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- 3030-790 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Armando J. Silvestre
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- CEMMPRE
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- 3030-790 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- CEMMPRE
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- 3030-790 Coimbra
- Portugal
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164
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Fernández-Jalao I, Sánchez-Moreno C, De Ancos B. Effect of high-pressure processing on flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, dihydrochalcones and antioxidant activity of apple ‘Golden Delicious’ from different geographical origin. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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165
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Shen Y, Song X, Li L, Sun J, Jaiswal Y, Huang J, Liu C, Yang W, Williams L, Zhang H, Guan Y. Protective effects of p-coumaric acid against oxidant and hyperlipidemia-an in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:579-587. [PMID: 30599319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary phenols are antioxidants with diverse physiological functions that are beneficial for human health. The objective of this research work was to investigate antioxidant activity of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) using four in vitro methods, the protective effects against oxidative stress in PC12 cells, and hypolipidemic effects on High fat-diet (HFD) mice model. The p-CA exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in the selected in vitro assay. The highest chelating activity of p-CA at 50 μg/mL was found to be 52.22%. Pretreatment with p-CA significantly enhanced cell viability of PC12 cell and suppressed AAPH-induced intracellular ROS generation and AAPH-induced LDH release. The hypolipidemic effects of p-CA (100 mg/kg BW) was directly linked to the increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) by 2.0-fold, Glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) by 3.8-fold, Superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) by 1.6-fold, Heme oxygenase (HO-1) by 1.72-fold and NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1) by 1.5-fold compared with HFD group. In addition to these effects, p-CA decreased total cholesterol and atherosclerosis index levels, and increased catalase (CAT) level in serum, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in liver as compared HFD group. Administration of p-CA also promoted the recovery of hyperlipidemia steatohepatitis in mice by ameliorating lipid peroxidation. These results suggested that p-CA is a potent antioxidant with potential therapeutic efficacy for treating hyperlipidemia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Shen
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Song
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Li Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-processing Technology, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-processing Technology, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yogini Jaiswal
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, the North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 2802, USA
| | - Junqing Huang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Center South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Leonard Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, the North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 2802, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19122, USA.
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166
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Bustamante L, Pastene E, Duran-Sandoval D, Vergara C, Von Baer D, Mardones C. Pharmacokinetics of low molecular weight phenolic compounds in gerbil plasma after the consumption of calafate berry (Berberis microphylla) extract. Food Chem 2018; 268:347-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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167
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Medeiros PSC, de Carvalho ALMB, Ruano C, Otero JC, Marques MPM. The Impact of Antioxidants from the Diet on Breast Cancer Cells Monitored by Raman Microspectroscopy. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180502120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:The impact of the ubiquitous dietary phenolic compound p-coumaric acid on human breast cancer cells was assessed, through a multidisciplinary approach: Combined biological assays for cytotoxicity evaluation and biochemical profiling by Raman microspectroscopic analysis in cells. </P><P> Methods: Para-coumaric acid was shown to exert in vitro chemoprotective and antitumor activities, depending on the concentration and cell line probed: a significant anti-invasive ability was detected for the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, while a high pro-oxidant effect was found for the estrogen- dependent MCF-7 cells. A striking cell selectivity was obtained, with a more noticeable outcome on the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line.Results:The main impact on the cellular biochemical profile was verified to be on proteins and lipids, thus justifying the compound´s anti-invasive effect and chemoprotective ability.Conclusion:p-Coumaric acid was thus shown to be a promising chemoprotective/chemotherapeutic agent, particularly against the low prognosis triple-negative human breast adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Ruano
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Otero
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Malaga, Spain
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Palade LM, Croitoru C, Arnous A. Preliminary assessment for the synthesis of lignin-type molecules using crude onion peroxidase. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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169
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Materska M, Olszówka K, Chilczuk B, Stochmal A, Pecio Ł, Pacholczyk-Sienicka B, Piacente S, Pizza C, Masullo M. Polyphenolic profiles in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) after CaCl2 treatment and cold storage. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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170
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Yong X, Raza S, Deng J, Wu Y. Biomass ferulic acid-derived hollow polymer particles as selective adsorbent for anionic dye. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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171
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Kristek A, Schär MY, Soycan G, Alsharif S, Kuhnle GGC, Walton G, Spencer JPE. The gut microbiota and cardiovascular health benefits: A focus on wholegrain oats. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kristek
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - M. Y. Schär
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - G. Soycan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - S. Alsharif
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - G. G. C. Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - G. Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - J. P. E. Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
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172
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Kedrina-Okutan O, Novello V, Hoffmann T, Hadersdorfer J, Occhipinti A, Schwab W, Ferrandino A. Constitutive Polyphenols in Blades and Veins of Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Healthy Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10977-10990. [PMID: 30175914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the economic importance and the diffusion of grapevine cultivation worldwide, little is known about leaf chemical composition. We characterized the phenolic composition of Nebbiolo, Barbera, Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, and Shiraz ( Vitis vinifera L.) healthy leaves (separating blades and veins) during the season. Quantitative and qualitative differences were found between leaf sectors and among genotypes. In healthy grapevine leaves, anthocyanins, dihydromyricetin-rhamnoside, hexosides of dihydroquercetin, and dihydrokaempferol exclusively accumulated in veins. Astilbin was the only flavanonol detected in blades and the prevalent flavanonol in veins. Barbera distinguished for the lowest proanthocyanidin and the highest hydroxycinnamate content, and Pinot noir for the absence of acylated-anthocyanins. Nebbiolo, and Cabernet Sauvignon displayed a high concentration of epigallocatechin gallate in veins. Nebbiolo leaves showed the highest concentrations of flavanonols and the widest profile differentiation. Knowledge derived from the present work is a contribution to find out leaf polyphenol potential as a part of grapevine defense mechanisms and to dissect genotype-related susceptibility to pathogens; moreover, it represents a starting point for future deepening about grapevine and vineyard byproducts as a source of bioactive phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kedrina-Okutan
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food Sciences (DISAFA) , University of Turin , Largo P. Braccini, 2 , Grugliasco , Torino 10095 , Italy
| | - Vittorino Novello
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food Sciences (DISAFA) , University of Turin , Largo P. Braccini, 2 , Grugliasco , Torino 10095 , Italy
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products , Technical University Munich , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1 , Freising 85354 , Germany
| | | | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology , University of Turin, Innovation Centre , Via Quarello 15/A , Turin 10135 , Italy
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products , Technical University Munich , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1 , Freising 85354 , Germany
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food Sciences (DISAFA) , University of Turin , Largo P. Braccini, 2 , Grugliasco , Torino 10095 , Italy
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173
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Valente IM, Cabrita ARJ, Malushi N, Oliveira HM, Papa L, Rodrigues JA, Fonseca AJM, Maia MRG. Unravelling the phytonutrients and antioxidant properties of European Vicia faba L. seeds. Food Res Int 2018; 116:888-896. [PMID: 30717020 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, seven European varieties of Vicia faba L. seeds were investigated for (1) their phytonutrients profile by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, (2) total phenolic content (TPC), and (3) antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays). A wide range of compounds were identified, namely alkaloids, organic acids, terpenoids, jasmonates, and phenolics; these two latter being the most abundant. TPC ranged between 2.62 and 4.3 mg (gallic acid equivalent) g-1 dry weight, for V. faba major variety Belshi and V. faba minor variety Bauska, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity showed poor correlation (r = 0.550, P = .041) with TPC, suggesting the presence of other antioxidant sources than phenolics. Still, FRAP was positively correlated with TPC (r = 0.709, P < .01) and DPPH (r = 0.819, P < .01). These results elucidated the phytonutrients and antioxidant properties of V. faba L. seeds as functional food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Valente
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana R J Cabrita
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nertila Malushi
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Department of Animal Production, Agricultural University of Tirana, Koder Kamez 1001, Albania
| | - Hugo M Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lumturi Papa
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural University of Tirana, Koder Kamez 1001, Albania
| | - José A Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J M Fonseca
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida R G Maia
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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174
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Licciardello F, Arena E, Rizzo V, Fallico B. Contribution of Blood Orange-Based Beverages to Bioactive Compounds Intake. Front Chem 2018; 6:374. [PMID: 30211154 PMCID: PMC6123350 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at screening the levels of ascorbic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) and total anthocyanins in commercial beverages containing blood orange juice (BOJ), estimating the contribution of these products to the intake of health-promoting compounds and at discussing the actual value of the products on a price/bioactive level basis. Results demonstrate that the reference to BOJ in many beverages is misleading, as inferred from the very low bioactive levels observed. These beverages, in label should refer as “water-based” instead of “fruit-based beverage.” Accordingly, the intake of bioactives from BOJ-based beverages, with the exception of ascorbic acid used in the most cases as preservative, is often very low. The intake of bioactive components from blood orange consumption is much higher compared to the consumption of BOJ-based beverages, hence the consumption of blood oranges and 100% BOJs should be preferred in order to guarantee the intake of a rich pool of bioactive compounds. Finally, the market value of BOJ-based beverages is not correlated with their real nutritional value: the relative unitary cost of the three classes of bioactive compounds considered increased in the order: fresh blood oranges < 100% BOJ < BOJ-based beverages. Hence, the consumption of fresh blood oranges represents the cheapest way to ensure the intake of health-promoting bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and HCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Licciardello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Arena
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Biagio Fallico
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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175
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Michielsen CCJR, Almanza-Aguilera E, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Urpi-Sarda M, Afman LA. Biomarkers of food intake for cocoa and liquorice (products): a systematic review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:22. [PMID: 30065791 PMCID: PMC6062926 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background To unravel true links between diet and health, it is important that dietary exposure is accurately measured. Currently, mainly self-reporting methods (e.g. food frequency questionnaires and 24-h recalls) are used to assess food intake in epidemiological studies. However, these traditional instruments are subjective measures and contain well-known biases. Especially, estimating the intake of the group of confectionary products, such as products containing cocoa and liquorice, remains a challenge. The use biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) may provide a more objective measurement. However, an overview of current candidate biomarkers and their validity is missing for both cocoa- and liquorice-containing foods. Objective The purpose of the current study was to (1) identify currently described candidate BFIs for cocoa (products) and liquorice, (2) to evaluate the validity of these identified candidate BFIs and (3) to address further validation and/or identification work to be done. Methods This systematic review was based on a comprehensive literature search of three databases (PubMed, Scopus and ISI web of Science), to identify candidate BFIs. Via a second search step in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), the Food Database (FooDB) and Phenol-Explorer, the specificity of the candidate BFIs was evaluated, followed by an evaluation of the validity of the specific candidate BFIs, via pre-defined criteria. Results In total, 37 papers were included for cocoa and 8 papers for liquorice. For cocoa, 164 unique candidate BFIs were obtained, and for liquorice, four were identified in total. Despite the high number of identified BFIs for cocoa, none of the metabolites was specific. Therefore, the validity of these compounds was not further examined. For liquorice intake, 18-glycyrrhetinic acid (18-GA) was found to have the highest assumed validity. Conclusions For cocoa, specific BFIs were missing, mainly because the individual BFIs were also found in foods having a similar composition, such as tea (polyphenols) or coffee (caffeine). However, a combination of individual BFIs might lead to discriminating profiles between cocoa (products) and foods with a similar composition. Therefore, studies directly comparing the consumption of cocoa to these similar products are needed, enabling efforts to find a unique profile per product. For liquorice, we identified 18-GA as a promising BFI; however, important information on its validity is missing; thus, more research is necessary. Our findings indicate a need for more studies to determine acceptable BFIs for both cocoa and liquorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C J R Michielsen
- 1Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- 2Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- 1Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- 2Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia A Afman
- 1Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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176
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Dei Cas M, Ghidoni R. Cancer Prevention and Therapy with Polyphenols: Sphingolipid-Mediated Mechanisms. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070940. [PMID: 30037082 PMCID: PMC6073226 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, chemically characterized by a polyhydroxylated phenolic structure, are well known for their widespread pharmacological properties: anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antiseptic, antitumor, antiallergic, cardioprotective and others. Their distribution in food products is also extensive especially in plant foods such as vegetables, cereals, legumes, fruits, nuts and certain beverages. The latest scientific literature outlines a resilient interconnection between cancer modulation and dietary polyphenols by sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms, usually correlated with a modification of their metabolism. We aim to extensively survey this relationship to show how it could be advantageous in cancer treatment or prevention by nutrients. From this analysis it emerges that a combination of classical chemotherapy with nutrients and especially with polyphenols dietary sources may improve efficacy and decreases negative side effects of the antineoplastic drug. In this multifaceted scenario, sphingolipids play a pivotal role as bioactive molecules, emerging as the mediators of cell proliferation in cancer and modulator of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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177
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Muzzaffar S, Masoodi FA. Plum cultivars grown in Himalayan temperate conditions: physicochemical, antioxidant and antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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178
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Gürbüz N, Uluişik S, Frary A, Frary A, Doğanlar S. Health benefits and bioactive compounds of eggplant. Food Chem 2018; 268:602-610. [PMID: 30064803 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant is a vegetable crop that is grown around the world and can provide significant nutritive benefits thanks to its abundance of vitamins, phenolics and antioxidants. In addition, eggplant has potential pharmaceutical uses that are just now becoming recognized. As compared to other crops in the Solanaceae, few studies have investigated eggplant's metabolic profile. Metabolomics and metabolic profiling are important platforms for assessing the chemical composition of plants and breeders are increasingly concerned about the nutritional and health benefits of crops. In this review, the historical background and classification of eggplant are shortly explained; then the beneficial phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and health effects of eggplant are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Gürbüz
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 35430 Urla Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selman Uluişik
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur Food Agriculture and Livestock Vocational School, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Anne Frary
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 35430 Urla Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Amy Frary
- Mount Holyoke College, Department of Biological Sciences, The Biochemistry Program, 50 College St, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA.
| | - Sami Doğanlar
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 35430 Urla Izmir, Turkey.
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180
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Ferreira PS, Victorelli FD, Fonseca-Santos B, Chorilli M. A Review of Analytical Methods for p-Coumaric Acid in Plant-Based Products, Beverages, and Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:21-31. [PMID: 29757687 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1459173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p-Coumaric acid (p-CA), also known as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, is a phenolic acid, which has been widely studied due to its beneficial effects against several diseases and its wide distribution in the plant kingdom. This phenolic compound can be found in the free form or conjugated with other molecules; therefore, its bioavailability and the pathways via which it is metabolized change according to its chemical structure. p-CA has potential pharmacological effects because it has high free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antimicrobial activities, among other biological properties. It is therefore essential to choose the most appropriate and effective analytical method for qualitative and quantitative determination of p-CA in different matrices, such as plasma, urine, plant extracts, and drug delivery systems. The most-reported analytical method for this purpose is high-performance liquid chromatography, which is mostly coupled with some type of detectors, such as UV/Vis detector. However, other analytical techniques are also used to evaluate this compound. This review presents a summary of p-CA in terms of its chemical and pharmacokinetic properties, pharmacological effects, drug delivery systems, and the analytical methods described in the literature that are suitable for its quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Scanavez Ferreira
- a São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- a São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- a São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
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181
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Morton K, Knight K, Kalman D, Hewlings S. A Prospective Randomized, Double-Blind, Two-Period Crossover Pharmacokinetic Trial Comparing Green Coffee Bean Extract-A Botanically Sourced Caffeine-With a Synthetic USP Control. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 7:871-879. [PMID: 29659178 PMCID: PMC6220787 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is a primary dietary source of the chlorogenic acids (CGAs) of phenolic compounds. Coffee contains caffeine and other phytonutrients, including CGAs. Caffeine on its own has been well characterized and descried pharmacokinetically in the literature, less so for CGAs. The purpose of this double‐blind crossover study was to determine the comparative pharmacokinetics of CGAs with caffeine (natural extract) with synthetic caffeine (US Pharmacopeia [USP] standard). Sixteen healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to take 1 dose of product 1, 60 mg of botanically sourced caffeine from 480 mg of green coffee bean extract, or product 2, 60 mg of synthetic USP caffeine, with 5 days between. Blood analysis was done to determine the levels of CGA compounds, more specifically 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), and serum caffeine. The natural caffeine extract exhibited mean peak concentrations (Cmax) of 3‐CQA (11.4 ng/mL), 4‐CQA (6.84 ng/mL), and 5‐CQA (7.20 ng/mL). The mean systemic 4‐hour exposure (AUC0–4 h) was 3‐CQA (27.3 ng·h/mL), 4‐CQA (16.1 ng·h/mL), and 5‐CQA (15.7 ng·h/mL). The median tmax was 3‐CQA (1.00 hour), 4‐CQA (1.00 hour), and 5‐CQA (1.50 hours). The tmax of caffeine was 0.75 hours (natural extract) and 0.63 hours (synthetic caffeine). Cmax and AUC0–4 h of serum caffeine were statistically equivalent between products. The geometric least‐squares mean ratios (GMRs) of Cmax and AUC0–4 h of caffeine were 97.77% (natural extract) and 98.33% (synthetic caffeine). It would appear that CGA compounds from the natural caffeine extract are bioavailable, and 3‐CGA may be the compound most absorbed. In addition, caffeine sourced from natural extract versus synthetic were statistically similar for pharmacokinetic parameters. There were no adverse events or safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katelin Knight
- Central Michigan University, Substantiation Sciences, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | | | - Susan Hewlings
- Central Michigan University, Substantiation Sciences, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
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Lescano CH, de Oliveira IP, Freitas de Lima F, Baldivia DDS, Justi PN, Cardoso CAL, Raposo Júnior JL, Sanjinez-Argandoña EJ. Nutritional and chemical characterizations of fruits obtained from Syagrus romanzoffiana, Attalea dubia, Attalea phalerata and mauritia flexuosa. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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183
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Pagano I, Sánchez-Camargo ADP, Mendiola JA, Campone L, Cifuentes A, Rastrelli L, Ibañez E. Selective extraction of high-value phenolic compounds from distillation wastewater of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) by pressurized liquid extraction. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1884-1891. [PMID: 29385268 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During the essential oil steam distillation from aromatic herbs, huge amounts of distillation wastewaters (DWWs) are generated. These by-products represent an exceptionally rich source of phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA). Herein, the alternative use of dried basil DWWs (dDWWs) to perform a selective extraction of RA and CA by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) employing bio-based solvent was studied. To select the most suitable solvent for PLE, the theoretical modelling of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) was carried out. This approach allows reducing the list of candidate to two solvents: ethanol and ethyl lactate. Due to the composition of the sample, mixtures of water with those solvents were also tested. An enriched PLE extract in RA (23.90 ± 2.06 mg/g extract) with an extraction efficiency of 75.89 ± 16.03% employing a water-ethanol mixture 25:75 (% v/v) at 50°C was obtained. In the case of CA, a PLE extract with 2.42 ± 0.04 mg/g extract, having an extraction efficiency of 13.86 ± 4.96% using ethanol absolute at 50°C was achieved. DWWs are proposed as new promising sources of natural additives and/or functional ingredients for cosmetic, nutraceutical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo
- Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Mendiola
- Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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184
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El-Seedi HR, Taher EA, Sheikh BY, Anjum S, Saeed A, AlAjmi MF, Moustafa MS, Al-Mousawi SM, Farag MA, Hegazy MEF, Khalifa SA, Göransson U. Hydroxycinnamic Acids: Natural Sources, Biosynthesis, Possible Biological Activities, and Roles in Islamic Medicine. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018:269-292. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64068-0.00008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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185
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Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Picos-Salas MA, Leyva-López N, Criollo-Mendoza MS, Vazquez-Olivo G, Heredia JB. Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Oregano: Occurrence, Biological Activity and Health Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E2. [PMID: 29278371 PMCID: PMC5874591 DOI: 10.3390/plants7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several herb species classified as oregano have been widely used in folk medicine to alleviate inflammation-related diseases, respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches, rheumatism, diabetes and others. These potential health benefits are partially attributed to the phytochemical compounds in oregano such as flavonoids (FL) and phenolic acids (PA). Flavonoids and phenolic acids are among the most abundant and most studied phytochemicals in oregano species. Epidemiological, in vitro and in vivo experiments have related long-term consumption of dietary FL and PA with a decreased risk of incidence of chronic diseases. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the latest studies on the identification and distribution of flavonoids and phenolic compounds from oregano species and their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick P Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Manuel A Picos-Salas
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Nayely Leyva-López
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Planta de Alimentos, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, Mazatlán CP 82100, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Marilyn S Criollo-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Vazquez-Olivo
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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186
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Patras MA, Jaiswal R, Kuhnert N. Profiling and quantification of regioisomeric caffeoyl glucoses in Solanaceae vegetables. Food Chem 2017; 237:659-666. [PMID: 28764050 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on the recently developed tandem MS based hierarchical scheme for the identification of regioisomeric caffeoyl glucoses, selected vegetables were profiled with respect to their caffeoyl glucose content. The dietary plants profiled were tomato, pepper, chilli and aubergine, all members of the Solanaceae family. 6-O-caffeoyl glucose was found to be the predominant isomer. In processed food such as tomato puree and ketchup a larger number of caffeoyl-glucose isomers formed through acyl migration reactions were observed. A LC-MS based quantitative method was developed, validated and caffeoyl glucose regioisomers quantified for the first time in dietary plants with quantitative data obtained from representative 30 food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Patras
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rakesh Jaiswal
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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187
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Takao K, Toda K, Saito T, Sugita Y. Synthesis of Amide and Ester Derivatives of Cinnamic Acid and Its Analogs: Evaluation of Their Free Radical Scavenging and Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:1020-1027. [PMID: 29093288 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of cinnamic acid derivatives, amides (1-12) and esters (13-22), were synthesized, and structure-activity relationships for antioxidant activity, and monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were analyzed. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds 1-10, 12-18, and rosmarinic acid (23), which contained catechol, o-methoxyphenol or 5-hydroxyindole moieties, showed potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Compounds 9-11, 15, 17-22 showed potent and selective MAO-B inhibitory activity. Compound 20 was the most potent inhibitor of MAO-B. Compounds 18 and 21 showed moderate BChE inhibitory activity. In addition, compound 18 showed potent antioxidant activity and MAO-B inhibitory activity. In a comparison of the cinnamic acid amides and esters, the amides exhibited more potent DPPH free radical scavenging activity, while the esters showed stronger inhibitory activities against MAO-B and BChE. These results suggested that cinnamic acid derivatives such as compound 18, p-coumaric acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester, and compound 20, p-coumaric acid phenethyl ester, may serve as lead compounds for the development of novel MAO-B inhibitors and candidate lead compounds for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Takao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Kazuhiro Toda
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Takayuki Saito
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Yoshiaki Sugita
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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188
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Vergara-Jimenez M, Almatrafi MM, Fernandez ML. Bioactive Components in Moringa Oleifera Leaves Protect against Chronic Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040091. [PMID: 29144438 PMCID: PMC5745501 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa Oleifera (MO), a plant from the family Moringacea is a major crop in Asia and Africa. MO has been studied for its health properties, attributed to the numerous bioactive components, including vitamins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, which are present in significant amounts in various components of the plant. Moringa Oleifera leaves are the most widely studied and they have shown to be beneficial in several chronic conditions, including hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure, diabetes, insulin resistance, non-alcoholic liver disease, cancer and overall inflammation. In this review, we present information on the beneficial results that have been reported on the prevention and alleviation of these chronic conditions in various animal models and in cell studies. The existing limited information on human studies and Moringa Oleifera leaves is also presented. Overall, it has been well documented that Moringa Oleifera leaves are a good strategic for various conditions associated with heart disease, diabetes, cancer and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal Mused Almatrafi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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189
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Alarcón-Herrera N, Flores-Maya S, Bellido B, García-Bores AM, Mendoza E, Ávila-Acevedo G, Hernández-Echeagaray E. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid in 3-nitropropionic acid induced toxicity and genotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:1018-1025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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190
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Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk J, Sieradzka M, Nowak P, Stochmal A. Clovamide and clovamide-rich extracts of three Trifolium species as antioxidants and moderate antiplatelet agents in vitro. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 143:54-63. [PMID: 28777978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study provides a new insight into the phytochemical, antioxidant, antiplatelet and cytotoxic profiles of commercial trans-clovamide and clovamide-rich extracts, isolated from aerial parts of three Trifolium species (i.e. T. clypeatum L., T. obscurum Savi and T. squarrosum L.). Under inorganic experimental conditions, the EC50 for the investigated substances varied between 4.87 (clovamide) and 7.91 μg/ml (T. clypeatum) according to the DPPH• assay. The most effective 1 mM ONOO- scavenger was clovamide (IC50 = 19.29 μg/ml), and the weakest was the T. obsucurum extract (IC50 = 41.79 μg/ml). The antioxidant action of the examined substances (1-50 μg/ml) was also evaluated in blood plasma (under 100 μM ONOO--induced oxidative stress) using 3-nitrotyrosine, protein thiol groups, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances as biomarkers. All examined substances were more effective in limiting the oxidative damage to blood plasma components than the nitrative damage. Their anti-nitrative action was statistically significant only at the highest concentration (50 μg/ml). Measurements of platelet adhesion and aggregation found the compounds to have moderate antiplatelet properties of up to 20% inhibition of platelet adhesion at concentrations of 1-5 μg/ml. Additionally, clovamide and Trifolium extracts demonstrated no cytotoxicity towards blood platelets or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Justyna Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Sieradzka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Pawel Nowak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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191
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Torres-León C, Ventura-Sobrevilla J, Serna-Cock L, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Contreras-Esquivel J, Aguilar CN. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG): A valuable phenolic compound with functional properties. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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192
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Ngwene B, Neugart S, Baldermann S, Ravi B, Schreiner M. Intercropping Induces Changes in Specific Secondary Metabolite Concentration in Ethiopian Kale ( Brassica carinata) and African Nightshade ( Solanum scabrum) under Controlled Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1700. [PMID: 29033969 PMCID: PMC5626848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is widespread in small-holder farming systems in tropical regions and is also practiced in the cultivation of indigenous vegetables, to alleviate the multiple burdens of malnutrition. Due to interspecific competition and/or complementation between intercrops, intercropping may lead to changes in plants accumulation of minerals and secondary metabolites and hence, alter nutritional quality for consumers. Intercropping aims to intensify land productivity, while ensuring that nutritional quality is not compromised. This study aimed to investigate changes in minerals and secondary plant metabolites in intercropped Brassica carinata and Solanum scabrum, two important African indigenous vegetables, and evaluated the suitability of this combination for dryer areas. B. carinata and S. scabrum were grown for 6 weeks under controlled conditions in a greenhouse trial. Large rootboxes (8000 cm3 volume) were specifically designed for this experiment. Each rootbox was planted with two plants, either of the same plant species (mono) or one of each plant species (mixed). A quartz sand/soil substrate was used and fertilized adequately for optimal plant growth. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, the plants were either supplied with optimal (65% WHC) or low (30% WHC) irrigation, to test the effect of a late-season drought. Intercropping increased total glucosinolate content in B. carinata, while maintaining biomass production and the contents of other health related minerals in both B. carinata and S. scabrum. Moreover, low irrigation led to an increase in carotene accumulation in both mono and intercropped S. scabrum, but not in B. carinata, while the majority of kaempferol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of both species were decreased by intercropping and drought treatment. This study indicates that some health-related phytochemicals can be modified by intercropping or late-season drought, but field validation of these results is necessary before definite recommendation can be made to stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Ngwene
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beena Ravi
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
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193
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Toma L, Sanda GM, Niculescu LS, Deleanu M, Stancu CS, Sima AV. Caffeic acid attenuates the inflammatory stress induced by glycated LDL in human endothelial cells by mechanisms involving inhibition of AGE-receptor, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biofactors 2017; 43:685-697. [PMID: 28753257 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic and its atherosclerotic complications determine the high morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Caffeic acid (CAF), a phenolic acid present in normal diets, is known for its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate CAF's anti-inflammatory properties and its mechanism of action, using cultured human endothelial cells (HEC) incubated with glycated low-density lipoproteins (gLDL). Levels of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), inflammatory stress markers (C reactive protein, CRP; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1), and oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers were evaluated in gLDL-exposed HEC, in the presence/absence of CAF. RAGE silencing or blocking, specific inhibitors for oxidative stress (apocynin, N-acetyl-cysteine), and ERS (salubrinal) were used. The results showed that: (i) gLDL induced CRP synthesis and secretion through mechanisms involving NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative stress and ERS in HEC; (ii) gLDL-RAGE interaction, oxidative stress, and ERS stimulated the secretion of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in HEC; and (iii) CAF reduced the secretion of CRP, VCAM-1, and MCP-1 in gLDL-exposed HEC by inhibiting RAGE expression, oxidative stress, and ERS. In conclusion, CAF might be a promising alternative to ameliorate a wide spectrum of disorders due to its complex mechanisms of action resulting in anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(5):685-697, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Toma
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela M Sanda
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredan S Niculescu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Deleanu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia S Stancu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca V Sima
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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194
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Menezes JCJMDS, Edraki N, Kamat SP, Khoshneviszadeh M, Kayani Z, Mirzaei HH, Miri R, Erfani N, Nejati M, Cavaleiro JAS, Silva T, Saso L, Borges F, Firuzi O. Long Chain Alkyl Esters of Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Promising Anticancer Agents: Selective Induction of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7228-7239. [PMID: 28718636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are naturally occurring compounds and their alkyl esters may possess enhanced biological activities. We evaluated C4, C14, C16, and C18 alkyl esters of p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and caffeic acids (19 compounds) for their cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cells and also examined their effect on cell cycle alteration and apoptosis induction. The tetradecyl (1c) and hexadecyl (1d) esters of p-coumaric acid and tetradecyl ester of caffeic acid (4c), but not the parental HCAs, were selectively effective against MOLT-4 (human lymphoblastic leukemia) cells with IC50 values of 0.123 ± 0.012, 0.301 ± 0.069 and 1.0 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. Compounds 1c, 1d, and 4c significantly increased apoptotic cells in sub-G1 phase and activated the caspase-3 enzyme in MOLT-4 cells. Compound 1c was 15.4 and 23.6 times more potent than doxorubicin and cisplatin, respectively, against the drug resistant MES-SA-DX5 uterine sarcoma cells. These p-coumarate esters were several times less effective against NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells. Docking studies showed that 1c may cause cytotoxicity by interaction with carbonic anhydrase IX. In conclusion, long chain alkyl esters of p-coumaric acid are promising scaffolds for selective apoptosis induction in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C J M D S Menezes
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Goa University , Taleigao 403 206 Goa India
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 71345-1149 Iran
| | | | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 71345-1149 Iran
| | - Zahra Kayani
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 71345-1149 Iran
| | - Hossein Hadavand Mirzaei
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 71345-1149 Iran
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Karaj, Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 71345-1149 Iran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Nejati
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 71345-1149 Iran
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silva
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer″, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 71345-1149 Iran
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195
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Teixeira J, Cagide F, Benfeito S, Soares P, Garrido J, Baldeiras I, Ribeiro JA, Pereira CM, Silva AF, Andrade PB, Oliveira PJ, Borges F. Development of a Mitochondriotropic Antioxidant Based on Caffeic Acid: Proof of Concept on Cellular and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Models. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7084-7098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Teixeira
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
- CNC—Center
for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech
Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Neurochemistry, Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal
| | - José A. Ribeiro
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - António F. Silva
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-Laboratory
of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center
for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech
Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
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196
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Pauleti NN, Mello J, Siebert DA, Micke GA, de Albuquerque CAC, Alberton MD, Barauna SC. Characterisation of phenolic compounds of the ethyl acetate fraction from Tabernaemontana catharinensis and its potential antidepressant-like effect. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1987-1990. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1359167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Mello
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Diogo Alexandre Siebert
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sara Cristiane Barauna
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau, Brazil
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197
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Simanaviciute D, Liudvinaviciute D, Klimaviciute R, Rutkaite R. Cross-linked cationic starch derivatives for immobilization of chlorogenic acid. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bustamante L, Cárdenas D, von Baer D, Pastene E, Duran-Sandoval D, Vergara C, Mardones C. Evaluation of microextraction by packed sorbent, liquid-liquid microextraction and derivatization pretreatment of diet-derived phenolic acids in plasma by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3487-3496. [PMID: 28657140 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized sample pretreatments for the analysis of phenolic metabolites in plasma, involving protein precipitation, enzymatic deconjugation, extraction procedures, and different derivatization reactions were systematically evaluated. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the evaluation of 40 diet-derived phenolic compounds. Enzyme purification was necessary for the phenolic deconjugation before extraction. Trimethylsilanization reagent and two different tetrabutylammonium salts for derivatization reactions were compared. The optimum reaction conditions were 50 μL of trimethylsilanization reagent at 90°C for 30 min, while tetrabutylammonium salts were associated with loss of sensitivity due to rapid activation of the inert gas chromatograph liner. Phenolic acids extractions from plasma were optimized. Optimal microextraction by packed sorbent performance was achieved using an octadecylsilyl packed bed and better recoveries for less polar compounds, such as methoxylated derivatives, were observed. Despite the low recovery for many analytes, repeatability using an automated extraction procedure in the gas chromatograph inlet was 2.5%. Instead, using liquid-liquid microextraction, better recoveries (80-110%) for all analytes were observed at the expense of repeatability (3.8-18.4%). The phenolic compounds in gerbil plasma samples, collected before and 4 h after the administration of a calafate extract, were analyzed with the optimized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bustamante
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Diana Cárdenas
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dietrich von Baer
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniel Duran-Sandoval
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carola Vergara
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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199
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Haq N, Siddiqui NA, Shakeel F. Solubility and molecular interactions of ferulic acid in various (isopropanol + water) mixtures. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1485-1494. [PMID: 28722130 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The solubility of an herbal compound ferulic acid (FA) in various (isopropanol (IPA) + water) mixtures was measured and correlated at temperatures 'T = 298.2 K to 318.2 K' and pressure 'p = 0.1 MPa'. METHODS The experimental solubilities of FA in mole fraction were determined using a static equilibrium method and correlated with 'Apelblat, Van't Hoff, Yalkowsky and Jouyban-Acree models'. KEY FINDINGS The maximum mole fraction solubilities of FA were obtained in neat IPA (2.58 × 10-2 at T = 318.2 K) followed by minimum in neat water (4.87 × 10-5 at T = 298.2 K). The activity coefficients of FA in various (IPA + water) mixtures were determined to evaluate the molecular interactions between FA and co solvent mixtures. Strong molecular interactions were seen between FA and neat IPA in comparison with FA and neat water. 'Apparent thermodynamic analysis' indicated an 'endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution' of FA in all (IPA + water) mixtures evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Isopropanol was investigated as a good cosolvent in the solubility enhancement of FA in water; therefore, it could be used as solubilizer in solubility enhancement and formulation development of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir A Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Oliveira AS, Cercato LM, de Santana Souza MT, Melo AJDO, Lima BDS, Duarte MC, Araujo AADS, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Camargo EA. The ethanol extract of Leonurus sibiricus L. induces antioxidant, antinociceptive and topical anti-inflammatory effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:144-151. [PMID: 28549861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leonurus sibiricus L. (Lamiaceae), popularly known as motherwort, or "erva-de-macaé" or "rubim" in Brazil, is a plant used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, but few studies have evaluated this anti-inflammatory activity or other activities that may be relevant. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and topical anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of L. sibiricus (EELs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromatographic analysis, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant assays were performed, while the formalin test and ear inflammation induced by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were performed in mice. RESULTS We observed that total phenolic and flavonoids content in EELs were respectively 60.1mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of extract and 15.4mg of catechin equivalent/g of extract. Chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, as well as quercetin were identified in EELs. This extract also led to the consumption of the radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and nitric oxide, increased the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibited the spontaneous or FeSO4-induced in vitro lipid peroxidation. In the formalin test, oral pretreatment with EELs (400mg/kg) reduced (p<0.001) the licking/biting time in the second phase, but not in the first phase. In the ear inflammation induced by TPA, the concomitant topical administration of EELs (0.3-3mg/ear) significantly reduced the edema, myeloperoxidase activity, levels of tumoral necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and lipoperoxidation, as well as increased FRAP in ear tissue when compared to vehicle-treated ears. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that EELs has antioxidant, antinociceptive and topical anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the use of this plant in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Santos Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Mendonça Cercato
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
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