151
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Hussain S, Ji Z, Taylor AJ, DeGraff LM, George M, Tucker CJ, Chang CH, Li R, Bonner JC, Garantziotis S. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Functionalization with High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Significantly Reduces Pulmonary Injury. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7675-88. [PMID: 27459049 PMCID: PMC5340294 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Commercialization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-based applications has been hampered by concerns regarding their lung toxicity potential. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a ubiquitously found polysaccharide, which is anti-inflammatory in its native high molecular weight form. HA-functionalized smart MWCNTs have shown promise as tumor-targeting drug delivery agents and can enhance bone repair and regeneration. However, it is unclear whether HA functionalization could reduce the pulmonary toxicity potential of MWCNTs. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we investigated the effectiveness of MWCNT functionalization with HA in increasing nanotube biocompatibility and reducing lung inflammatory and fibrotic effects. We utilized three-dimensional cultures of differentiated primary human bronchial epithelia to translate findings from rodent assays to humans. We found that HA functionalization increased stability and dispersion of MWCNTs and reduced postexposure lung inflammation, fibrosis, and mucus cell metaplasia compared with nonfunctionalized MWCNTs. Cocultures of fully differentiated bronchial epithelial cells (cultivated at air-liquid interface) and human lung fibroblasts (submerged) displayed significant reduction in injury, oxidative stress, as well as pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression after exposure to HA-functionalized MWCNTs compared with MWCNTs alone. In contrast, neither type of nanotubes stimulated cytokine production in primary human alveolar macrophages. In aggregate, our results demonstrate the effectiveness of HA functionalization as a safer design approach to eliminate MWCNT-induced lung injury and suggest that HA functionalization works by reducing MWCNT-induced epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexia J. Taylor
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Laura M. DeGraff
- Immunity Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Margaret George
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Charles J. Tucker
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - James C. Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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152
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The complex cascade of cellular events governing inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing in response to inhaled particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:40. [PMID: 27519871 PMCID: PMC4983011 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against inhaled particles. Macrophages serve important roles in particle clearance and inflammatory reactions. Following recognition and internalization by phagocytes, particles are taken up in vesicular phagolysosomes. Intracellular phagosomal leakage, redox unbalance and ionic movements induced by toxic particles result in pro-IL-1β expression, inflammasome complex engagement, caspase-1 activation, pro-IL-1β cleavage, biologically-active IL-1β release and finally inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. In this review, we summarize the emerging signals and pathways involved in the expression, maturation and secretion of IL-1β during these responses to particles. We also highlight physicochemical characteristics of particles (size, surface and shape) which determine their capacity to induce inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing.
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153
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Wang X, Mansukhani ND, Guiney LM, Lee JH, Li R, Sun B, Liao YP, Chang CH, Ji Z, Xia T, Hersam MC, Nel AE. Toxicological Profiling of Highly Purified Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Rodent Lung and E. coli. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6008-19. [PMID: 27159184 PMCID: PMC4941827 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are potentially useful for electronics, optics, and sensing applications. Depending on the chirality and diameter, individual SWCNTs can be classified as semiconducting (S-SWCNT) or metallic (M-SWCNT). From a biological perspective, the hazard profiling of purified metallic versus semiconducting SWCNTs has been pursued only in bacteria, with the conclusion that aggregated M-SWCNTs are more damaging to bacterial membranes than S-SWCNTs. However, no comparative studies have been performed in a mammalian system, where most toxicity studies have been undertaken using relatively crude SWCNTs that include a M:S mix at 1:2 ratio. In order to compare the toxicological impact of SWCNTs sorted to enrich them for each of the chirality on pulmonary cells and the intact lung, we used density gradient ultracentrifugation and extensive rinsing to prepare S- and M-SWCNTs that are >98% purified. In vitro screening showed that both tube variants trigger similar amounts of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) production in THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells, without cytotoxicity. Oropharyngeal aspiration confirmed that both SWCNT variants induce comparable fibrotic effects in the lung and abundance of IL-1β and TGF-β1 release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There was also no change in the morphology, membrane integrity, and viability of E. coli, in contradistinction to the previously published effects of aggregated tubes on the bacterial membrane. Collectively, these data indicate that the electronic properties and chirality do not independently impact SWCNT toxicological impact in the lung, which is of significance to the safety assessment and incremental use of purified tubes by industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Nikhita D. Mansukhani
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Linda M. Guiney
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Author: André E. Nel, M.D./Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680. Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107,
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154
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Nelson BC, Johnson ME, Walker ML, Riley KR, Sims CM. Antioxidant Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E15. [PMID: 27196936 PMCID: PMC4931536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, catalytic cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, nanoceria, CeO2-x NPs) have been widely utilized for chemical mechanical planarization in the semiconductor industry and for reducing harmful emissions and improving fuel combustion efficiency in the automobile industry. Researchers are now harnessing the catalytic repertoire of CNPs to develop potential new treatment modalities for both oxidative- and nitrosative-stress induced disorders and diseases. In order to reach the point where our experimental understanding of the antioxidant activity of CNPs can be translated into useful therapeutics in the clinic, it is necessary to evaluate the most current evidence that supports CNP antioxidant activity in biological systems. Accordingly, the aims of this review are three-fold: (1) To describe the putative reaction mechanisms and physicochemical surface properties that enable CNPs to both scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to act as antioxidant enzyme-like mimetics in solution; (2) To provide an overview, with commentary, regarding the most robust design and synthesis pathways for preparing CNPs with catalytic antioxidant activity; (3) To provide the reader with the most up-to-date in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence supporting the ROS-scavenging potential of CNPs in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Monique E Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Marlon L Walker
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Kathryn R Riley
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Christopher M Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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155
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Matuła K, Richter Ł, Adamkiewicz W, Åkerström B, Paczesny J, Hołyst R. Influence of nanomechanical stress induced by ZnO nanoparticles of different shapes on the viability of cells. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4162-4169. [PMID: 27074722 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00336b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in nanostructures interacting with living organisms. However, there are still no general rules for the design of biocompatible nanodevices. Here, we present a step towards understanding the interactions between nanostructures and living cells. We study the influence of nanomechanical stress induced by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures of different shapes on the viability of both prokaryotic (Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes, and Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium glutamicum) and eukaryotic cells (yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and liver cancer cell line HepG2). Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanorods (NRs) of matching crystallographic structure (P63mc) and active surface area (in the order of 5 × 10(-2)μm(2)) are almost non-toxic for cells under static conditions. However, under conditions that enable collisions between ZnO nanostructures and cells, NRs appear to be more damaging compared to NPs. This is due to the increased probability of mechanical damage caused by nanorods upon puncturing of the cell wall and membranes. Gram-positive bacteria, which have thicker cell walls, are more resistant to nanomechanical stress induced by NRs compared to Gram-negative strains and eukaryotic cells. The presented results may be exploited to improve the properties of nanotechnology based products such as implants, drug delivery systems, antibacterial emulsions and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Matuła
- Institute of Physical Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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156
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Use of compositional and combinatorial nanomaterial libraries for biological studies. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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157
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Semiconductor Electronic Label-Free Assay for Predictive Toxicology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24982. [PMID: 27117746 PMCID: PMC4846994 DOI: 10.1038/srep24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
While animal experimentations have spearheaded numerous breakthroughs in biomedicine, they also have spawned many logistical concerns in providing toxicity screening for copious new materials. Their prioritization is premised on performing cellular-level screening in vitro. Among the screening assays, secretomic assay with high sensitivity, analytical throughput, and simplicity is of prime importance. Here, we build on the over 3-decade-long progress on transistor biosensing and develop the holistic assay platform and procedure called semiconductor electronic label-free assay (SELFA). We demonstrate that SELFA, which incorporates an amplifying nanowire field-effect transistor biosensor, is able to offer superior sensitivity, similar selectivity, and shorter turnaround time compared to standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We deploy SELFA secretomics to predict the inflammatory potential of eleven engineered nanomaterials in vitro, and validate the results with confocal microscopy in vitro and confirmatory animal experiment in vivo. This work provides a foundation for high-sensitivity label-free assay utility in predictive toxicology.
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158
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Lyu GM, Wang YJ, Huang X, Zhang HY, Sun LD, Liu YJ, Yan CH. Hydrophilic CeO2 nanocubes protect pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 from H2O2-induced oxidative stress. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7923-7932. [PMID: 27004995 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00826g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the occurrence and development of diabetes. With their unique redox properties, CeO2 nanoparticles (nanoceria) exhibit promising potential for the treatment of diabetes resulting from oxidative stress. Here, we develop a novel preparation of hydrophilic CeO2 nanocubes (NCs) with two different sizes (5 nm and 25 nm) via an acetate assisted hydrothermal method. Dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analyses were utilized to investigate the changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of CeO2 NCs when exposed to in vitro cell culture conditions. CCK-8 assays revealed that the CeO2 NCs did not impair cell proliferation in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 at the highest dose of 200 μg mL(-1) over the time scale of 72 h, while being able to protect INS-1 cells from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity even after protein adsorption. It is also noteworthy that nanoceria with a smaller hydrodynamic radius exhibit stronger antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, which is consistent with their H2O2 quenching capability in biological systems. These findings suggest that nanoceria can be used as an excellent antioxidant for controlling oxidative stress-induced pancreatic β-cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ming Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yan-Jie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and Key Laboratory for Advanced Battery Materials and System (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, 306 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Huai-Yuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, 306 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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159
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Li N, Georas S, Alexis N, Fritz P, Xia T, Williams MA, Horner E, Nel A. A work group report on ultrafine particles (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology): Why ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles should receive special attention for possible adverse health outcomes in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:386-96. [PMID: 27130856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are airborne particulates of less than 100 nm in aerodynamic diameter. Examples of UFPs are diesel exhaust particles, products of cooking, heating, and wood burning in indoor environments, and, more recently, products generated through the use of nanotechnology. Studies have shown that ambient UFPs have detrimental effects on both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including a higher incidence of atherosclerosis and exacerbation rate of asthma. UFPs have been found to alter in vitro and in vivo responses of the immune system to allergens and can also play a role in allergen sensitization. The inflammatory properties of UFPs can be mediated by a number of different mechanisms, including the ability to produce reactive oxygen species, leading to the generation of proinflammatory cytokines and airway inflammation. In addition, because of their small size, UFPs also have unique distribution characteristics in the respiratory tree and circulation and might be able to alter cellular function in ways that circumvent normal signaling pathways. Additionally, UFPs can penetrate intracellularly and potentially cause DNA damage. The recent advances in nanotechnology, although opening up new opportunities for the advancement of technology and medicine, could also lead to unforeseen adverse health effects in exposed human subjects. Further research is needed to clarify the safety of nanoscale particles, as well as the elucidation of the possible beneficial use of these particulates to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pathology & Diagnostic Investigation, CVM, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.
| | - Steve Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY
| | - Neil Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Marc A Williams
- US Army Public Health Command, Toxicology Portfolio, Health Effects Research Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Md
| | | | - Andre Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.
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160
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Karimi M, Ghasemi A, Sahandi Zangabad P, Rahighi R, Moosavi Basri SM, Mirshekari H, Amiri M, Shafaei Pishabad Z, Aslani A, Bozorgomid M, Ghosh D, Beyzavi A, Vaseghi A, Aref AR, Haghani L, Bahrami S, Hamblin MR. Smart micro/nanoparticles in stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery systems. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1457-501. [PMID: 26776487 PMCID: PMC4775468 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New achievements in the realm of nanoscience and innovative techniques of nanomedicine have moved micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) to the point of becoming actually useful for practical applications in the near future. Various differences between the extracellular and intracellular environments of cancerous and normal cells and the particular characteristics of tumors such as physicochemical properties, neovasculature, elasticity, surface electrical charge, and pH have motivated the design and fabrication of inventive "smart" MNPs for stimulus-responsive controlled drug release. These novel MNPs can be tailored to be responsive to pH variations, redox potential, enzymatic activation, thermal gradients, magnetic fields, light, and ultrasound (US), or can even be responsive to dual or multi-combinations of different stimuli. This unparalleled capability has increased their importance as site-specific controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) and has encouraged their rapid development in recent years. An in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these DDS approaches is expected to further contribute to this groundbreaking field of nanomedicine. Smart nanocarriers in the form of MNPs that can be triggered by internal or external stimulus are summarized and discussed in the present review, including pH-sensitive peptides and polymers, redox-responsive micelles and nanogels, thermo- or magnetic-responsive nanoparticles (NPs), mechanical- or electrical-responsive MNPs, light or ultrasound-sensitive particles, and multi-responsive MNPs including dual stimuli-sensitive nanosheets of graphene. This review highlights the recent advances of smart MNPs categorized according to their activation stimulus (physical, chemical, or biological) and looks forward to future pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahighi
- Department of Research and Development, Sharif Ultrahigh Nanotechnologists (SUN) Company, P.O. Box: 13488-96394, Tehran, Iran and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Entrance Blvd., Olympic Village, P.O. Box: 14857-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran and Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Mirshekari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - M Amiri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Shafaei Pishabad
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Aslani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Bozorgomid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Central Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Beyzavi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Vaseghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technologies of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A R Aref
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - L Haghani
- School of Medicine, International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Bahrami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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161
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Yu Y, Zhong L, Zhong Q, Cai W. Controllable synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes and their application in NO oxidation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of ceria catalysts with octahedron and nanosphere shapes via a facile and surfactant-free hydrothermal method. The morphology of the products could be controlled by adjusting the proportions of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Nanjing AIREP Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Nanjing AIREP Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Qin Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Nanjing AIREP Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Nanjing AIREP Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd
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162
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Samai B, Sarkar S, Chall S, Rakshit S, Bhattacharya SC. Polymer-fabricated synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles and applications as a green catalyst towards multicomponent transformation with size-dependent activity studies. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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163
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Approaching a Unified Theory for Particle-Induced Inflammation. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55732-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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164
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Shape and size-dependent immune response to antigen-carrying nanoparticles. J Control Release 2015; 220:141-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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165
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Pulido-Reyes G, Rodea-Palomares I, Das S, Sakthivel TS, Leganes F, Rosal R, Seal S, Fernández-Piñas F. Untangling the biological effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles: the role of surface valence states. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15613. [PMID: 26489858 PMCID: PMC4615008 DOI: 10.1038/srep15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria; CNPs) have been found to have both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant effects on different cell systems or organisms. In order to untangle the mechanisms which underlie the biological activity of nanoceria, we have studied the effect of five different CNPs on a model relevant aquatic microorganism. Neither shape, concentration, synthesis method, surface charge (ζ-potential), nor nominal size had any influence in the observed biological activity. The main driver of toxicity was found to be the percentage of surface content of Ce(3+) sites: CNP1 (58%) and CNP5 (40%) were found to be toxic whereas CNP2 (28%), CNP3 (36%) and CNP4 (26%) were found to be non-toxic. The colloidal stability and redox chemistry of the most and least toxic CNPs, CNP1 and CNP2, respectively, were modified by incubation with iron and phosphate buffers. Blocking surface Ce(3+) sites of the most toxic CNP, CNP1, with phosphate treatment reverted toxicity and stimulated growth. Colloidal destabilization with Fe treatment only increased toxicity of CNP1. The results of this study are relevant in the understanding of the main drivers of biological activity of nanoceria and to define global descriptors of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) bioactivity which may be useful in safer-by-design strategies of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Pulido-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Ismael Rodea-Palomares
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Soumen Das
- Advanced Material Processing Analysis Center and Nanoscience Technology Center, Materials Science and Eng, UCF College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Tamil Selvan Sakthivel
- Advanced Material Processing Analysis Center and Nanoscience Technology Center, Materials Science and Eng, UCF College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Francisco Leganes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Material Processing Analysis Center and Nanoscience Technology Center, Materials Science and Eng, UCF College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Florida 32826, United States
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166
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Wen K, He W. Can oriented-attachment be an efficient growth mechanism for the synthesis of 1D nanocrystals via atomic layer deposition? NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:382001. [PMID: 26334690 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/38/382001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nanocrystals, such as nanorods and nanowires, have received extensive attention in the nanomaterials field due to their large surface areas and 1D confined transport properties. Oriented attachment (OA) is now recognized as a major growth mechanism for efficiently synthesizing 1D nanocrystals. Recently, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been modified to be a powerful vapor-phase technique with which to synthesize 1D OA nanorods/nanowires with high efficiency and quality by increasing the temperature and purging time. In this invited mini-review, we look into the advantages of OA and high-temperature ALD, and investigate the potential of employing the OA growth mechanism for the synthesis of 1D nanocrystals via modified ALD, aiming to provide guidance to researchers in the fields of both OA and ALD for efficient synthesis of 1D nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechun Wen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China. School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
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167
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Sun B, Pokhrel S, Dunphy DR, Zhang H, Ji Z, Wang X, Wang M, Liao YP, Chang CH, Dong J, Li R, Mädler L, Brinker CJ, Nel AE, Xia T. Reduction of Acute Inflammatory Effects of Fumed Silica Nanoparticles in the Lung by Adjusting Silanol Display through Calcination and Metal Doping. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9357-9372. [PMID: 26200133 PMCID: PMC4687969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The production of pyrogenic (fumed) silica is increasing worldwide at a 7% annual growth rate, including expanded use in food, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial products. Synthetic amorphous silica, including fumed silica, has been generally recognized as safe for use in food products by the Food and Drug Administration. However, emerging evidence from experimental studies now suggests that fumed silica could be hazardous due to its siloxane ring structure, high silanol density, and "string-of-pearl-like" aggregate structure, which could combine to cause membrane disruption, generation of reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory effects, and liver fibrosis. Based on this structure-activity analysis (SAA), we investigated whether calcination and rehydration of fumed silica changes its hazard potential in the lung due to an effect on silanol density display. This analysis demonstrated that the accompanying change in surface reactivity could indeed impact cytokine production in macrophages and acute inflammation in the lung, in a manner that is dependent on siloxane ring reconstruction. Confirmation of this SAA in vivo, prompted us to consider safer design of fumed silica properties by titanium and aluminum doping (0-7%), using flame spray pyrolysis. Detailed characterization revealed that increased Ti and Al doping could reduce surface silanol density and expression of three-membered siloxane rings, leading to dose-dependent reduction in hydroxyl radical generation, membrane perturbation, potassium efflux, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells. The reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was also confirmed in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. Ti doping, and to a lesser extent Al doping, also ameliorated acute pulmonary inflammation, demonstrating the possibility of a safer design approach for fumed silica, should that be required for specific use circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Darren R. Dunphy
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Meiying Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800 MS1349, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to or
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to or
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168
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Paik T, Chacko AM, Mikitsh JL, Friedberg JS, Pryma DA, Murray CB. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Isotopic Yttrium-90-Labeled Rare Earth Fluoride Nanocrystals for Multimodal Imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:8718-8728. [PMID: 26257288 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Isotopically labeled nanomaterials have recently attracted much attention in biomedical research, environmental health studies, and clinical medicine because radioactive probes allow the elucidation of in vitro and in vivo cellular transport mechanisms, as well as the unambiguous distribution and localization of nanomaterials in vivo. In addition, nanocrystal-based inorganic materials have a unique capability of customizing size, shape, and composition; with the potential to be designed as multimodal imaging probes. Size and shape of nanocrystals can directly influence interactions with biological systems, hence it is important to develop synthetic methods to design radiolabeled nanocrystals with precise control of size and shape. Here, we report size- and shape-controlled synthesis of rare earth fluoride nanocrystals doped with the β-emitting radioisotope yttrium-90 ((90)Y). Size and shape of nanocrystals are tailored via tight control of reaction parameters and the type of rare earth hosts (e.g., Gd or Y) employed. Radiolabeled nanocrystals are synthesized in high radiochemical yield and purity as well as excellent radiolabel stability in the face of surface modification with different polymeric ligands. We demonstrate the Cerenkov radioluminescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging capabilities of (90)Y-doped GdF3 nanoplates, which offer unique opportunities as a promising platform for multimodal imaging and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejong Paik
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, §Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, ∥Division of Thoracic Surgery, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, §Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, ∥Division of Thoracic Surgery, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John L Mikitsh
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, §Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, ∥Division of Thoracic Surgery, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph S Friedberg
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, §Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, ∥Division of Thoracic Surgery, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, §Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, ∥Division of Thoracic Surgery, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, §Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, ∥Division of Thoracic Surgery, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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169
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Gagnon J, Fromm KM. Toxicity and Protective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (Nanoceria) Depending on Their Preparation Method, Particle Size, Cell Type, and Exposure Route. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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170
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Tian Z, Li J, Zhang Z, Gao W, Zhou X, Qu Y. Highly sensitive and robust peroxidase-like activity of porous nanorods of ceria and their application for breast cancer detection. Biomaterials 2015; 59:116-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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171
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Dong H, Du SR, Zheng XY, Lyu GM, Sun LD, Li LD, Zhang PZ, Zhang C, Yan CH. Lanthanide Nanoparticles: From Design toward Bioimaging and Therapy. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10725-815. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuo-Ren Du
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zheng
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lyu
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Dong Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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172
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Sun B, Wang X, Ji Z, Wang M, Liao YP, Chang CH, Li R, Zhang H, Nel AE, Xia T. NADPH Oxidase-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and its Important Role in Lung Fibrosis by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2087-97. [PMID: 25581126 PMCID: PMC4420651 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the key role of NADPH oxidase in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and generation of pulmonary fibrosis by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Although it is known that oxidative stress plays a role in pulmonary fibrosis by single-walled CNTs, the role of specific sources of reactive oxygen species, including NADPH oxidase, in inflammasome activation remains to be clarified. In this study, three long aspect ratio (LAR) materials (MWCNTs, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and silver nanowires) are used to compare with spherical carbon black and silver nanoparticles for their ability to trigger oxygen burst activity and NLRP3 assembly. All LAR materials but not spherical nanoparticles induce robust NADPH oxidase activation and respiratory burst activity in THP-1 cells, which are blunted in p22(phox) -deficient cells. The NADPH oxidase is directly involved in lysosomal damage by LAR materials, as demonstrated by decreased cathepsin B release and IL-1β production in p22(phox) -deficient cells. Reduced respiratory burst activity and inflammasome activation are also observed in bone marrow-derived macrophages from p47(phox) -deficient mice. Moreover, p47(phox) -deficient mice have reduced IL-1β production and lung collagen deposition in response to MWCNTs. Lung fibrosis is also suppressed by N-acetyl-cysteine in wild-type animals exposed to MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA; Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
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173
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Yin H, Casey PS. Effects of aspect ratio (AR) and specific surface area (SSA) on cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of ZnO nanomaterials. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 124:116-121. [PMID: 25532771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With growing interests in the applications of high aspect ratio (AR) ZnO nanomaterials (NMs), their potential toxicity to human health and nature environment remains a critical concern because these NMs have extremely large specific surface area (SSA) that could dramatically enhance interactions between NMs and surrounding molecules. In addition, originated to their intrinsic photocatalytical activity, ZnO NMs may induce phototoxicity under environmentally UV exposure. In this paper, ZnO spheres, grains, rods and needles with increasing AR (from 1.1 to 17.8) and various SSA (from 2.0 m(2) g(-1) to 27.4 m(2) g(-1)) were used to study the influence of AR and SSA on viabilities of WIL2-NS human lymphoblastoid cells in both dark and UV conditions. In dark, SSA was the main influencing factor for toxicity of NMs with low AR (spheres, grains and rods) and smaller SSA leads to higher cell viability. However, ZnO needles with the smallest SSA did not further enhance cell viability which may be possibly attributed to its high AR. Cell viability measured under UV irradiation did not show evident relationship with SSA or AR, but indicated that lower photocatalytic activity could mitigate phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, Private Bag 33 Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia.
| | - Philip S Casey
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, Private Bag 33 Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
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174
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Wang Y, Kaur G, Zysk A, Liapis V, Hay S, Santos A, Losic D, Evdokiou A. Systematic in vitro nanotoxicity study on anodic alumina nanotubes with engineered aspect ratio: Understanding nanotoxicity by a nanomaterial model. Biomaterials 2015; 46:117-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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175
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Hashimoto M, Sasaki JI, Imazato S. Investigation of the cytotoxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles and nanowires and their localization in L929 fibroblasts and RAW264 macrophages. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:241-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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176
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Yu XF, Liu JW, Cong HP, Xue L, Arshad MN, Albar HA, Sobahi TR, Gao Q, Yu SH. Template- and surfactant-free synthesis of ultrathin CeO 2 nanowires in a mixed solvent and their superior adsorption capability for water treatment. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2511-2515. [PMID: 28706659 PMCID: PMC5489027 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin CeO2 nanowires with a diameter of 5 nm and an aspect ratio of more than 100 can be prepared by a one-step refluxing approach in a mixed solvent composed of water and ethanol without using any templates or surfactants. The formation mechanism of the as-synthesized ultrathin nanowires has been investigated. The as-synthesized CeO2 nanowires with a high surface area of 125.31 m2 g-1 exhibited excellent wastewater treatment performance with high removal capacities towards organic dyes and heavy metal ions. In addition, the as-synthesized CeO2 nanowires can adsorb Congo red selectively from a mixed solution composed of several dyes. Successful access to high quality ultrathin nanowires will make it possible for their potential application in catalysis and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry , Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry , Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Huai-Ping Cong
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry , Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Lei Xue
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry , Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research , Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Albar
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq R Sobahi
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry , Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry , Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
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177
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Bai X, Li L, Liu H, Tan L, Liu T, Meng X. Solvothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and anti-infection application in vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1308-1317. [PMID: 25537255 DOI: 10.1021/am507532p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have been widely studied as the bacteriostatic reagents. However, synthesis of small ZnO nanoparticles with good monodispersion and stability in aqueous solution is still a challenge. Anti-infection research of ZnONPs used as antibacterial agent in vivo is rare. In this paper, a novel, sustainable, and simple method to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles with good monodispersion in aqueous low-temperature conditions and with a small molecule agent is reported. Inhibition zone test and the minimum inhibitory concentration test were performed to examine the antibacterial activity of ZnONPs against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. For further application in vivo, low cytotoxicity and low acute toxicity in mice of ZnO were demonstrated. Finally, 4 nm ZnONPs combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) gel was used as antibacterial agent in rodent elytritis model, and significant anti-infection effect was proven. In one word, the present research would shed new light on the designing of antibacterial materials like ZnO with promising application in disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Bai
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Center for Micro/nanomaterials and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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178
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Bernardi MIB, Mesquita A, Béron F, Pirota KR, de Zevallos AO, Doriguetto AC, de Carvalho HB. The role of oxygen vacancies and their location in the magnetic properties of Ce1−xCuxO2−δ nanorods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3072-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04879b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceria (CeO2) is a promising dilute magnetic semiconductor. The ferromagnetic order has proven to be an surface effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. B. Bernardi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- USP – Universidade de São Paulo
- 13560-970 São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - A. Mesquita
- Departamento de Física
- Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista
- 13500-970 Rio Claro
- Brazil
| | - F. Béron
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- 13083-859 Campinas
- Brazil
| | - K. R. Pirota
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- 13083-859 Campinas
- Brazil
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179
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Liu W, Deng T, Feng L, Xie A, Zhang J, Wang S, Liu X, Yang Y, Guo J. Designed synthesis and formation mechanism of CeO2hollow nanospheres and their facile functionalization with Au nanoparticles. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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180
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Yang S, Hao J, Guo X, Huang H, Cui R, Lin G, Li C, Dong J, Sun B. Eu3+:Y2O3@CNTs—a rare earth filled carbon nanotube nanomaterial with low toxicity and good photoluminescence properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New fluorescent nanomaterials—europium-doped yttria filled CNTs with low toxicity and good photoluminescence properties were synthesized using a supercritical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Jian Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Xihong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Huan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Rongli Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Guoming Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Cheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Jinquan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Baoyun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
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181
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Li L, Wang H, Zou L, Wang X. Controllable synthesis, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic properties of CeO2 nanocrystals. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniform CeO2 nanoparticles and nanorods were selectively synthesized. The obtained CeO2 nanoparticles manifest enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity and excellent electrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Lei Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Xiong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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182
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Wang Y, Santos A, Evdokiou A, Losic D. An overview of nanotoxicity and nanomedicine research: principles, progress and implications for cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7153-7172. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The studies of nanomaterial-based drug delivery and nanotoxicity are closely interconnected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide
- Australia
- School of Medicine
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- School of Medicine
- Discipline of Surgery
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide
- Australia
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183
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Krishnan A, Sreeremya TS, Ghosh S. Morphological evolution and growth of cerium oxide nanostructures by virtue of organic ligands as well as monomer concentration. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00965k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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184
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Romero-Núñez A, Díaz G. High oxygen storage capacity and enhanced catalytic performance of NiO/NixCe1−xO2−δ nanorods: synergy between Ni-doping and 1D morphology. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NiO/Ni-doped ceria nanorods have been synthesized. Their unique structure combines specific composition and 1D morphology, which provide great improvements in their physical chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Romero-Núñez
- Instituto de Física
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n
- Cd. Universitaria
- México
| | - Gabriela Díaz
- Instituto de Física
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n
- Cd. Universitaria
- México
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185
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Tang K, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang S, Guo J, Yang Y. Construction of Ce(OH)4nanostructures from 1D to 3D by a mechanical force-driven method. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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186
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187
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Zhao YX, Nie ZW, Shi MM, Zeng CH, Li Y, Wang L, Zhong SL. Cerium-based porous coordination polymers with hierarchical superstructures: fabrication, formation mechanism and their thermal conversion to hierarchical CeO2. Inorg Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel three-dimensional (3D) ceria hierarchical structures have been prepared via a thermolysis of the corresponding porous coordination polymer precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Nie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Hui Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Liang Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
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188
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Theodorou IG, Ryan MP, Tetley TD, Porter AE. Inhalation of silver nanomaterials--seeing the risks. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23936-74. [PMID: 25535082 PMCID: PMC4284799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for silver engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is increasing rapidly in optoelectronic and in health and medical applications due to their antibacterial, thermal, electrical conductive, and other properties. The continued commercial up-scaling of ENM production and application needs to be accompanied by an understanding of the occupational health, public safety and environmental implications of these materials. There have been numerous in vitro studies and some in vivo studies of ENM toxicity but their results are frequently inconclusive. Some of the variability between studies has arisen due to a lack of consistency between experimental models, since small differences between test materials can markedly alter their behaviour. In addition, the propensity for the physicochemistry of silver ENMs to alter, sometimes quite radically, depending on the environment they encounter, can profoundly alter their bioreactivity. Consequently, it is important to accurately characterise the materials before use, at the point of exposure and at the nanomaterial-tissue, or "nanobio", interface, to be able to appreciate their environmental impact. This paper reviews current literature on the pulmonary effects of silver nanomaterials. We focus our review on describing whether, and by which mechanisms, the chemistry and structure of these materials can be linked to their bioreactivity in the respiratory system. In particular, the mechanisms by which the physicochemical properties (e.g., aggregation state, morphology and chemistry) of silver nanomaterials change in various biological milieu (i.e., relevant proteins, lipids and other molecules, and biofluids, such as lung surfactant) and affect subsequent interactions with and within cells will be discussed, in the context not only of what is measured but also of what can be visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Theodorou
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mary P Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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189
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Gupta A, Das S, Seal S. Redox-active nanoparticles in combating neurodegeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2725-8. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gupta
- Advanced Material Processing & Analysis Center, Nanoscience Technology Center & Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Soumen Das
- Advanced Material Processing & Analysis Center, Nanoscience Technology Center & Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Material Processing & Analysis Center, Nanoscience Technology Center & Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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190
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Leonard SS, Cohen GM, Kenyon AJ, Schwegler-Berry D, Fix NR, Bangsaruntip S, Roberts JR. Generation of reactive oxygen species from silicon nanowires. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2014; 8:21-9. [PMID: 25452695 PMCID: PMC4227628 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Processing and synthesis of purified nanomaterials of diverse composition, size, and properties is an evolving process. Studies have demonstrated that some nanomaterials have potential toxic effects and have led to toxicity research focusing on nanotoxicology. About two million workers will be employed in the field of nanotechnology over the next 10 years. The unknown effects of nanomaterials create a need for research and development of techniques to identify possible toxicity. Through a cooperative effort between National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and IBM to address possible occupational exposures, silicon-based nanowires (SiNWs) were obtained for our study. These SiNWs are anisotropic filamentary crystals of silicon, synthesized by the vapor-liquid-solid method and used in bio-sensors, gas sensors, and field effect transistors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated when organisms are exposed to a material causing cellular responses, such as lipid peroxidation, H2O2 production, and DNA damage. SiNWs were assessed using three different in vitro environments (H2O2, RAW 264.7 cells, and rat alveolar macrophages) for ROS generation and possible toxicity identification. We used electron spin resonance, analysis of lipid peroxidation, measurement of H2O2 production, and the comet assay to assess generation of ROS from SiNW and define possible mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that SiNWs do not appear to be significant generators of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Leonard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Guy M Cohen
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Allison J Kenyon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Natalie R Fix
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Jenny R Roberts
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
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191
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Ponnurangam S, O'Connell GD, Chernyshova IV, Wood K, Hung CTH, Somasundaran P. Beneficial effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in development of chondrocyte-seeded hydrogel constructs and cellular response to interleukin insults. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2908-19. [PMID: 24762195 PMCID: PMC4229709 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The harsh inflammatory environment associated with injured and arthritic joints represents a major challenge to articular cartilage repair. In this study, we report the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles, or nanoceria, in modulating development of engineered cartilage and in combating the deleterious effects of interleukin-1α. Nanoceria was found to be biocompatible with bovine chondrocytes up to a concentration of 1000 μg/mL (60,000 cells/μg of nanoceria), and its presence significantly improved compressive mechanical properties and biochemical composition (i.e., glycosaminoglycans) of engineered cartilage. Raman microspectroscopy revealed that individual chondrocytes with internalized nanoceria have increased concentrations of proline, procollagen, and glycogen as compared with cells without the nanoparticles in their vicinity. The inflammatory response due to physiologically relevant quantities of interluekin-1α (0.5 ng/mL) is partially inhibited by nanoceria. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these results are the first to demonstrate a high potential for nanoceria to improve articular cartilage tissue properties and for their long-term treatment against an inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Ponnurangam
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Grace D. O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Irina V. Chernyshova
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Katherine Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Clark Tung-Hui Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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192
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Li R, Ji Z, Qin H, Kang X, Sun B, Wang M, Chang CH, Wang X, Zhang H, Zou H, Nel AE, Xia T. Interference in autophagosome fusion by rare earth nanoparticles disrupts autophagic flux and regulation of an interleukin-1β producing inflammasome. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10280-92. [PMID: 25251502 PMCID: PMC4213039 DOI: 10.1021/nn505002w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) including multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and rare earth oxide (REO) nanoparticles, which are capable of activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and inducing IL-1β production, have the potential to cause chronic lung toxicity. Although it is known that lysosome damage is an upstream trigger in initiating this pro-inflammatory response, the same organelle is also an important homeostatic regulator of activated NLRP3 inflammasome complexes, which are engulfed by autophagosomes and then destroyed in lysosomes after fusion. Although a number of ENMs have been shown to induce autophagy, no definitive research has been done on the homeostatic regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome during autophagic flux. We used a myeloid cell line (THP-1) and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) to compare the role of autophagy in regulating inflammasome activation and IL-1β production by MWCNTs and REO nanoparticles. THP-1 cells express a constitutively active autophagy pathway and are also known to mimic NLRP3 activation in pulmonary macrophages. We demonstrate that, while activated NLRP3 complexes could be effectively removed by autophagosome fusion in cells exposed to MWCNTs, REO nanoparticles interfered in autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. This leads to the accumulation of the REO-activated inflammasomes, resulting in robust and sustained IL-1β production. The mechanism of REO nanoparticle interference in autophagic flux was clarified by showing that they disrupt lysosomal phosphoprotein function and interfere in the acidification that is necessary for lysosome fusion with autophagosomes. Binding of LaPO4 to the REO nanoparticle surfaces leads to urchin-shaped nanoparticles collecting in the lysosomes. All considered, these data demonstrate that in contradistinction to autophagy induction by some ENMs, specific materials such as REOs interfere in autophagic flux, thereby disrupting homeostatic regulation of activated NLRP3 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xuedong Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Meiying Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanfa Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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193
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Yokel RA, Hussain S, Garantziotis S, Demokritou P, Castranova V, Cassee FR. The Yin: An adverse health perspective of nanoceria: uptake, distribution, accumulation, and mechanisms of its toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2014; 1:406-428. [PMID: 25243070 PMCID: PMC4167411 DOI: 10.1039/c4en00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This critical review evolved from a SNO Special Workshop on Nanoceria panel presentation addressing the toxicological risks of nanoceria: accumulation, target organs, and issues of clearance; how exposure dose/concentration, exposure route, and experimental preparation/model influence the different reported effects of nanoceria; and how can safer by design concepts be applied to nanoceria? It focuses on the most relevant routes of human nanoceria exposure and uptake, disposition, persistence, and resultant adverse effects. The pulmonary, oral, dermal, and topical ocular exposure routes are addressed as well as the intravenous route, as the latter provides a reference for the pharmacokinetic fate of nanoceria once introduced into blood. Nanoceria reaching the blood is primarily distributed to mononuclear phagocytic system organs. Available data suggest nanoceria's distribution is not greatly affected by dose, shape, or dosing schedule. Significant attention has been paid to the inhalation exposure route. Nanoceria distribution from the lung to the rest of the body is less than 1% of the deposited dose, and from the gastrointestinal tract even less. Intracellular nanoceria and organ burdens persist for at least months, suggesting very slow clearance rates. The acute toxicity of nanoceria is very low. However, large/accumulated doses produce granuloma in the lung and liver, and fibrosis in the lung. Toxicity, including genotoxicity, increases with exposure time; the effects disappear slowly, possibly due to nanoceria's biopersistence. Nanoceria may exert toxicity through oxidative stress. Adverse effects seen at sites distal to exposure may be due to nanoceria translocation or released biomolecules. An example is elevated oxidative stress indicators in the brain, in the absence of appreciable brain nanoceria. Nanoceria may change its nature in biological environments and cause changes in biological molecules. Increased toxicity has been related to greater surface Ce3+, which becomes more relevant as particle size decreases and the ratio of surface area to volume increases. Given its biopersistence and resulting increased toxicity with time, there is a risk that long-term exposure to low nanoceria levels may eventually lead to adverse health effects. This critical review provides recommendations for research to resolve some of the many unknowns of nanoceria's fate and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, US ; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, US
| | - Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US
| | | | - Vincent Castranova
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US ; West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, US
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Centre for Sustainability, Environmental & Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands ; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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194
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Liu W, Liu X, Feng L, Guo J, Xie A, Wang S, Zhang J, Yang Y. The synthesis of CeO₂ nanospheres with different hollowness and size induced by copper doping. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10693-10700. [PMID: 25093710 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02485k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, copper-doped ceria oxides with different hollowness and size are fabricated by changing the Cu(2+) doping concentration in the mixed water-glycol system. Results show that the copper-doped CeO₂ oxides undergo a morphology transformation from the solid nanospheres to core-shell, then to hollow nanospheres with the increase of the Cu(2+) doping concentration. The corresponding size becomes smaller during this transfer process. The Cu(2+) doping induced acceleration in the nucleation and growth process is further investigated. The resultant Cu(2+)-doped CeO2 oxides exhibit enhanced CO conversion performance and better reduction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
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195
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Promoting cell proliferation using water dispersible germanium nanowires. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108006. [PMID: 25237816 PMCID: PMC4169628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Group IV Nanowires have strong potential for several biomedical applications. However, to date their use remains limited because many are synthesised using heavy metal seeds and functionalised using organic ligands to make the materials water dispersible. This can result in unpredicted toxic side effects for mammalian cells cultured on the wires. Here, we describe an approach to make seedless and ligand free Germanium nanowires water dispersible using glutamic acid, a natural occurring amino acid that alleviates the environmental and health hazards associated with traditional functionalisation materials. We analysed the treated material extensively using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), High resolution-TEM, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Using a series of state of the art biochemical and morphological assays, together with a series of complimentary and synergistic cellular and molecular approaches, we show that the water dispersible germanium nanowires are non-toxic and are biocompatible. We monitored the behaviour of the cells growing on the treated germanium nanowires using a real time impedance based platform (xCELLigence) which revealed that the treated germanium nanowires promote cell adhesion and cell proliferation which we believe is as a result of the presence of an etched surface giving rise to a collagen like structure and an oxide layer. Furthermore this study is the first to evaluate the associated effect of Germanium nanowires on mammalian cells. Our studies highlight the potential use of water dispersible Germanium Nanowires in biological platforms that encourage anchorage-dependent cell growth.
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196
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Zhang Y, Wei W, Das GK, Yang Tan TT. Engineering lanthanide-based materials for nanomedicine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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197
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Deori K, Gupta D, Saha B, Deka S. Design of 3-Dimensionally Self-Assembled CeO2 Nanocube as a Breakthrough Catalyst for Efficient Alkylarene Oxidation in Water. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanjyoti Deori
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Basudeb Saha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi-110007, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sasanka Deka
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi-110007, India
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Polycrystalline nanowires of gadolinium-doped ceria via random alignment mediated by supercritical carbon dioxide. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1606. [PMID: 23572061 PMCID: PMC3622141 DOI: 10.1038/srep01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a seed/template-free method that affords high-purity semiconducting nanowires from nanoclusters, which act as basic building blocks for nanomaterials, under supercritical CO2 fluid. Polycrystalline nanowires of Gd-doped ceria (Gd-CeO2) were formed by CO2-mediated non-oriented attachment of the nanoclusters resulting from the dissociation of single-crystalline aggregates. The unique formation mechanism underlying this morphological transition may be exploited for the facile growth of high-purity polycrystalline nanowires.
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199
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Lin S, Wang X, Ji Z, Chang CH, Dong Y, Meng H, Liao YP, Wang M, Song TB, Kohan S, Xia T, Zink JI, Lin S, Nel AE. Aspect ratio plays a role in the hazard potential of CeO2 nanoparticles in mouse lung and zebrafish gastrointestinal tract. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4450-64. [PMID: 24720650 PMCID: PMC4059546 DOI: 10.1021/nn5012754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that there is a relationship between the aspect ratio (AR) of CeO2 nanoparticles and in vitro hazard potential. CeO2 nanorods with AR ≥ 22 induced lysosomal damage and progressive effects on IL-1β production and cytotoxicity in the human myeloid cell line, THP-1. In order to determine whether this toxicological paradigm for long aspect ratio (LAR) CeO2 is also relevant in vivo, we performed comparative studies in the mouse lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of zebrafish larvae. Although oropharyngeal aspiration could induce acute lung inflammation for CeO2 nanospheres and nanorods, only the nanorods with the highest AR (C5) induced significant IL-1β and TGF-β1 production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 21 days but did not induce pulmonary fibrosis. However, after a longer duration (44 days) exposure to 4 mg/kg of the C5 nanorods, more collagen production was seen with CeO2 nanorods vs nanospheres after correcting for Ce lung burden. Using an oral-exposure model in zebrafish larvae, we demonstrated that C5 nanorods also induced significant growth inhibition, a decrease in body weight, and delayed vertebral calcification. In contrast, CeO2 nanospheres and shorter nanorods had no effect. Histological and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the key injury mechanism of C5 was in the epithelial lining of the GIT, which demonstrated blunted microvilli and compromised digestive function. All considered, these data demonstrate that, similar to cellular studies, LAR CeO2 nanorods exhibit more toxicity in the lung and GIT, which could be relevant to inhalation and environmental hazard potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Lin
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huan Meng
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Meiying Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tze-Bin Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sirus Kohan
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding Author: Andre Nel, M.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680. Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107,
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200
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Chu Z, Zhang S, Zhang B, Zhang C, Fang CY, Rehor I, Cigler P, Chang HC, Lin G, Liu R, Li Q. Unambiguous observation of shape effects on cellular fate of nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4495. [PMID: 24675513 PMCID: PMC3968459 DOI: 10.1038/srep04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular fate of nanoparticles is vital to application of nanoparticles to cell imaging, bio-sensing, drug delivery, suppression of drug resistance, gene delivery, and cytotoxicity analysis. However, the current studies on cellular fate of nanoparticles have been controversial due to complications of interplay between many possible factors. By well-controlled experiments, we demonstrated unambiguously that the morphology of nanoparticles independently determined their cellular fate. We found that nanoparticles with sharp shapes, regardless of their surface chemistry, size, or composition, could pierce the membranes of endosomes that carried them into the cells and escape to the cytoplasm, which in turn significantly reduced the cellular excretion rate of the nanoparticles. Such features of sharp-shaped nanoparticles are essential for drug delivery, gene delivery, subcellular targeting, and long-term tracking. This work opens up a controllable, purely geometrical and hence safe, degree of freedom for manipulating nanoparticle-cell interaction, with numerous applications in medicine, bio-imaging, and bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Silu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Bokai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chia-Yi Fang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ivan Rehor
- Laboratory of Synthetic Nanochemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cigler
- Laboratory of Synthetic Nanochemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Renbao Liu
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong ShenZhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong ShenZhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, China
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