151
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Wu KH, Lu SY, Chen HL, Chen YY. Two-Dimensional Marangoni-Instability-Induced Periodic Patterns of Polymer Blend Films Cast on Tilted Substrates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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152
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Bae J, Glogowski E, Gupta S, Chen W, Emrick T, Russell TP. Effect of Nanoparticles on the Electrohydrodynamic Instabilities of Polymer/Nanoparticle Thin Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702750y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonwon Bae
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Elizabeth Glogowski
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Suresh Gupta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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153
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Brizard A, Stuart M, van Bommel K, Friggeri A, de Jong M, van Esch J. Preparation of Nanostructures by Orthogonal Self-Assembly of Hydrogelators and Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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154
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del Campo A, Arzt E. Fabrication Approaches for Generating Complex Micro- and Nanopatterns on Polymeric Surfaces. Chem Rev 2008; 108:911-45. [PMID: 18298098 DOI: 10.1021/cr050018y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu del Campo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eduard Arzt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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155
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Li W, Nie Y, Zhang J, Zhu D, Li X, Sun H, Yu K, Yang B. Formation of Ordered Two-Dimensional Polymer Latticeworks With Polygonal Meshes by Self-Organized Anisotropic Mass Transfer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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156
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Yan LT, Xie XM. Lamellar morphology induced by two-step surface-directed spinodal decomposition in binary polymer mixture films. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:034901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2819676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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157
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Majumdar P, Webster DC. Surface microtopography in siloxane–polyurethane thermosets: The influence of siloxane and extent of reaction. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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158
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Shir DJ, Jeon S, Liao H, Highland M, Cahill DG, Su MF, El-Kady IF, Christodoulou CG, Bogart GR, Hamza AV, Rogers JA. Three-dimensional nanofabrication with elastomeric phase masks. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12945-58. [PMID: 17941660 DOI: 10.1021/jp074093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article reviews recent work on an optical technique for fabricating, in a single exposure step, three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures with diverse structural layouts. The approach, which we refer to as proximity field nanopatterning, uses conformable, elastomeric phase masks to pattern thick layers of transparent, photosensitive materials in a conformal contact mode geometry. Aspects of the optics, the materials, and the physical chemistry associated with this method are outlined. A range of 3D structures illustrate its capabilities, and several application examples demonstrate possible areas of use in technologies ranging from microfluidics to photonic materials to density gradient structures for chemical release and high-energy density science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Shir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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159
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Nilsson S, Bernasik A, Budkowski A, Moons E. Morphology and Phase Segregation of Spin-Casted Films of Polyfluorene/PCBM Blends. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svante Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; and Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Department of Physics, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; and Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- Department of Physics, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; and Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ellen Moons
- Department of Physics, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; and Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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160
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Eurich F, Karatchentsev A, Baschnagel J, Dieterich W, Maass P. Soft particle model for block copolymers. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:134905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2787007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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161
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Mukherjee R, Pangule RC, Sharma A, Banerjee I. Contact instability of thin elastic films on patterned substrates. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:064703. [PMID: 17705617 DOI: 10.1063/1.2752499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The free surface of a soft elastic film becomes unstable and forms an isotropic labyrinth pattern when a rigid flat plate is brought into adhesive contact with the film. These patterns have a characteristic wavelength, lambda approximately 3H, where H is the film thickness. We show that these random structures can be ordered, modulated, and aligned by depositing the elastic film (cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane) on a patterned substrate and by bringing the free surface of the film in increasing adhesive contact with a flat stamp. Interestingly, the influence of the substrate "bleeds" through the film to its free surface. It becomes possible to generate complex two-dimensional ordered structures such as an array of femtoliter beakers even by using a simple one-dimensional stripe patterned substrate when the instability wavelength, lambda approximately 3H, nearly matches the substrate pattern periodicity. The free surface morphology is modulated in situ by merely varying the stamp-surface separation distance. The free surface structures originating from the elastic contact instability can also be made permanent by the UV-ozone induced oxidation and stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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162
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Park SM, Ravindran P, La YH, Craig GSW, Ferrier NJ, Nealey PF. Combinatorial generation and replication-directed assembly of complex and varied geometries with thin films of diblock copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:9037-45. [PMID: 17645358 DOI: 10.1021/la7010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Directed assembly of fine-scale, very complex patterns with a variety of features, including terminations, jogs, disclinations, acute and obtuse bends, and sharp radii of curvature, was achieved with a symmetric poly(styrene-block-methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer. The complex pattern was generated spontaneously by spin coating and annealing a thin film of a lamellae-forming block copolymer on a chemically neutral surface. The resulting "fingerprint" pattern had a domain spacing of 47.5 nm. Oxygen plasma treatment of the block copolymer converted it into an insoluble chemical nanopattern that was quantified by XPS, goniometry, and the wetting behavior of the block copolymer. Spin coating a second thin film of the block copolymer and annealing resulted in directed assembly that replicated the fingerprint pattern, including the most complicated defect structures. A computer vision algorithm was developed and implemented to compare the patterns quantitatively, taking into account inherent differences in image contrast, scale, rotation, and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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163
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164
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Wang J, Xia J, Hong SW, Qiu F, Yang Y, Lin Z. Phase separation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals on a chemically patterned substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:7411-5. [PMID: 17521207 DOI: 10.1021/la700565w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface-induced structure formation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) on a chemically patterned substrate was studied for the first time. The patterns on the substrate were successfully transferred to the PDLC film, resulting in alternating LC-rich and polymer-rich phases. This simple approach offers a new means of organizing micrometer-sized LC domains into well-ordered structures in a polymer matrix of PDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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165
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Voit A, Krekhov A, Köhler W. Laser-induced structures in a polymer blend in the vicinity of the phase boundary. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:011808. [PMID: 17677485 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.011808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the diffusion, thermal diffusion, and Soret coefficients of a poly(dimethyl siloxane)/poly(ethyl-methyl siloxane) (PDMS/PEMS) polymer blend as a function of composition and temperature within the homogeneous phase. The critical slowing down of the diffusion and the corresponding critical divergence of the Soret coefficient are described within the pseudospinodal concept both for critical and off-critical compositions. These data are used to model in detail the channel-like structures that form due to the Soret effect when a focused laser beam is scanned across a polymer film of 100microm thickness. A moderate vertical asymmetry is attributed to solutal convection. Although heat rapidly diffuses away from the laser focus, the composition distribution in the early stage resembles the sharp profile of the laser beam. PDMS accumulates within the center of the structures, whereas a thin PEMS-rich layer is formed that isolates the central core from the windows. Experimentally, the structures are analyzed by means of phase contrast microscopy. Possible applications as rewritable optical waveguides or tunable phase plates are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Voit
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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166
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Baber AE, Jensen SC, Sykes ECH. Dipole-driven ferroelectric assembly of styrene on Au{111}. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6368-9. [PMID: 17472383 DOI: 10.1021/ja0709526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh E Baber
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155-5813, USA
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167
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Kim SH, Natarajan S, Liu G. Photochemical synthesis of oligothiophene thin films and nano-patterns in condensed multilayer films of 2,5-diiodothiophene—Effects of surface chemistry of substrates. Catal Today 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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168
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Zhu Y, Jiang W. Self-Assembly of Diblock Copolymer Mixtures in Confined States: A Monte Carlo Study. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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169
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Bao HM, Song JF, Zhang J, Shen QD, Yang CZ, Zhang QM. Phase Transitions and Ferroelectric Relaxor Behavior in P(VDF−TrFE−CFE) Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062800l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Bao
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiao-Fan Song
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qun-Dong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Yang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Q. M. Zhang
- Materials Research Institute and Electrical Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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170
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Raczkowska J, Bernasik A, Budkowski A, Rysz J, Gao B, Lieberman M. Compositional Mismatch between Chemical Patterns on a Substrate and Polymer Blends Yielding Spin-Cast Films with Subpattern Periodicity. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062614f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Raczkowska
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques, AGH - University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - A. Bernasik
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques, AGH - University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - A. Budkowski
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques, AGH - University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - J. Rysz
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques, AGH - University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - B. Gao
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques, AGH - University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - M. Lieberman
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques, AGH - University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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171
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Yan LT, Xie XM. Wetting-layer formation mechanisms of surface-directed phase separation under different quench depths with off-critical compositions in polymer binary mixture. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:064908. [PMID: 17313245 DOI: 10.1063/1.2430526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the off-critical condition, the quench depth dependence of surface-directed phase separation in the polymer binary mixture is numerically investigated by combination of the Cahn-Hilliard-Cook theory and the Flory-Huggins-de Gennes theory. Two distinct situations, i.e., for the wetting, the minority component is preferred by the surface and the majority component is preferred by the surface, are discussed in detail. The simulated results show that the formation mechanism of the wetting layer is affected by both the quench depth and the off-critical extent. Moreover, a diagram, illustrating the formation mechanisms of the wetting layer with various quench depths and compositions, is obtained on the basis of the simulated results. It is found that, when the minority component is preferred by the surface, the growth of the wetting layer can exhibit pure diffusion limited growth law, logarithmic growth law, and Lifshitz-Slyozov growth law. However, when the majority component is preferred by the surface, the wetting layer always grows logarithmically, regardless of the quench depth and the off-critical extent. It is interesting that the surface-induced nucleation can be observed in this case. The simulated results demonstrate that the surface-induced nucleation only occurs below a certain value of the quench depth, and a detailed range about it is calculated and indicated. Furthermore, the formation mechanisms of the wetting layer are theoretically analyzed in depth by the chemical potential gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tang Yan
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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172
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Andrew P, Huck WTS. Polymer phase separation on lattice patterned surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:230-237. [PMID: 32680270 DOI: 10.1039/b613593e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the self-organization of phase-separated polymer microstructures on two-dimensionally chemically patterned surfaces. Pattern replication is expected when both the blend composition ratio matches the surface patterning area ratio, and the pattern periodicity matches the natural phase separation length scale. By varying film thickness and blend composition, we show that ordered morphologies also result for contrary situations, resulting in the formation of a rich variety of hierarchically-ordered microstructures. This hierarchy suggests that non-equilibrium structures generated by incomplete phase separation of blend components are locked in by rapid solvent quenching during casting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers Andrew
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UKCB3 0FF.
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UKCB3 0FF. and Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UKCB2 1EW.
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173
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Bae WS, Convertine AJ, McCormick CL, Urban MW. Effect of sequential layer-by-layer surface modifications on the surface energy of plasma-modified poly(dimethylsiloxane). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:667-72. [PMID: 17209618 DOI: 10.1021/la062281f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated grafting of N,N-dimethylacrylamide, styrenesulfonate (SS), and (ar-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) from microwave plasma carboxylated, initiator-functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces was accomplished utilizing reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Surface spectroscopic attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were utilized to determine surface grafting and morphological surface features. The VBTAC-grafted PDMS provided a smooth, hydrophilic cationic surface for creating layer-by-layer (LBL) surfaces via alternating deposition of well-defined poly(SS) and poly(VBTAC), also prepared via aqueous RAFT. Comparisons of the ATR FT-IR spectra of the LBL assemblies and those of respective anionic poly(SS) and cationic poly(VBTAC) components confirmed strong electrostatic complexation of a fraction of the sulfonate and quarternary ammonium species in the layers as well as the existence of noncomplexed species. AFM images of surface topology indicated the presence of domains, likely phase-separated segments of the respective homopolymers, as well as interlayer mixing. The employed LBL methodology results in formation of stable, highly hydrophilic surfaces on a PDMS substrate. To our knowledge, this is the first study that illustrates surface functionalization of PDMS using microwave plasma and RAFT polymerization, followed by LBL deposition of polyelectrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Bae
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, Shelby F. Thames Polymer Science Research Center, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA
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174
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Jaczewska J, Budkowski A, Bernasik A, Raptis I, Raczkowska J, Goustouridis D, Rysz J, Sanopoulou M. Humidity and solvent effects in spin-coated polythiophene–polystyrene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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175
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Léopoldès J, Damman P. From a two-dimensional chemical pattern to a three-dimensional topology through selective inversion of a liquid-liquid bilayer. NATURE MATERIALS 2006; 5:957-61. [PMID: 17128256 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Soft organic surfaces with more and more complex topologies are required daily to engineer appropriate microstructures for many different applications such as DNA array technology, biological optics for advanced photonic systems and microfluidics. Complementarily to conventional lithographic processes, several pioneering methods have been developed recently, by controlling phase separation of polymer blends, spinodal decomposition of homopolymers or by using the action of additional external forces driving diverse instabilities. Here we present a method that not only provides original concepts towards the three-dimensional (3D) structuring of liquids, on the basis of the synergistic effects of molecular diffusion and confined nucleation, but also suggests original solutions for the transport, mixing and filtering of small volumes of liquid. Through the intrinsic destabilization of a liquid-liquid bilayer, the 2D pattern of a chemically structured surface with 'hydrophilic' and 'hydrophobic' domains is transferred to a solid/liquid interface as a 3D topography with either 'positive' or 'negative' replication. This easy-to-use process has potential applications in various technological realms requiring a specific topography at interfaces such as microfluidics or biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Léopoldès
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères, Université de Mons Hainaut, 20, Place du Parc, Mons, B-7000, Belgium.
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176
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Bae WS, Urban MW. Creating patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces with amoxicillin and poly(ethylene glycol). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:10277-83. [PMID: 17107033 DOI: 10.1021/la061571t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a simple microwave plasma patterning of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces, which is accomplished by allowing selective surface areas to microwave plasma exposure in the presence of gaseous monomer. When maleic anhydride is used for microwave plasma reaction in the presence of physical barrier on the PDMS substrate, the resulting patterned surfaces with chemically bonded maleic anhydride and carboxylic acid groups are generated. In this particular study we attached amoxicillin via ammonolysis under weak base conditions in the presence of a catalyst as well as poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG). A combination of internal reflection IR imaging (IRIRI) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that amoxicillin and PEG can be readily reacted on the microwave plasma patterned PDMS surfaces. Surface areas directly exposed to microwave plasmons exhibit the highest reactivity due to higher content of functional groups. These studies also show that molecular weight of PEG has also significant effect on kinetics of surface reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Bae
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, Shelby F. Thames Polymer Science Research Center, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA
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177
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Wei JH, Coffey DC, Ginger DS. Nucleating Pattern Formation in Spin-Coated Polymer Blend Films with Nanoscale Surface Templates. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24324-30. [PMID: 17134183 DOI: 10.1021/jp065409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We use Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) to generate monolayer surface templates for guiding pattern formation in spin-coated polymer blend films. We study template-directed pattern formation in blends of polystyrene/poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS/P2VP) as well as blends of PS and the semiconducting conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). We show that acid-terminated monolayers can be used to template pattern formation in PS/P3HT blends, while hydrophobic monolayers can be used to template pattern formation in PS/P2VP blends. In both blends, the polymer patterns comprise laterally-phase separated regions surrounded by vertically separated bilayers. We hypothesize that the observed patterns are formed by template-induced dewetting of the bottom layer of a polymer bilayer during the spin-coating process. We compare the effects of template feature size and spacing on the resulting polymer patterns with predictions from published models of template-directed dewetting in thin films and find the data in good agreement. For both blends we observe that a minimum feature size is required to nucleate dewetting/phase separation. We find this minimum template diameter to be approximately 180 nm in 50/50 PS/P2VP blends, and approximately 100 nm in 50/50 PS/P3HT blends. For larger template diameters, PS/P2VP blends show evidence for pattern formation beginning at the template boundaries, while PS/P3HT blends rupture randomly across the template features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, USA
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178
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Stoykovich MP, Edwards EW, Solak HH, Nealey PF. Phase behavior of symmetric ternary block copolymer-homopolymer blends in thin films and on chemically patterned surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:147802. [PMID: 17155291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.147802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram of symmetric ternary blends of diblock copolymers and homopolymers in thin films was determined as a function of increasing volume fraction of homopolymer (phi(H)) and was similar to that for these materials in the bulk. Blends with compositions in the lamellar region of the diagram (phi(H)< or =0.4) could be directed to assemble into ordered lamellar arrays on chemically striped surfaces if the characteristic blend dimension (L(B)) and the period of the stripes (L(S)) were commensurate such that L(S)=L(B)+/-0.10L(B). Blends with compositions in the microemulsion region of the diagram (phi(H) approximately 0.6) assembled into defect-free lamellar phases on patterned surfaces with L(S)> or =L(B), but formed coexisting lamellar (with period L(S)) and homopolymer-rich phases when L(S)<L(B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Stoykovich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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179
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Wu KH, Lu SY, Chen HL. Formation of parallel strips in thin films of polystyrene/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blends via spin coating on unpatterned substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:8029-35. [PMID: 16952237 DOI: 10.1021/la060418w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of parallel strips, consisting of alternating polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) regions, were observed in thin films spin cast from a PS/PVP/chloroform solution on unpatterned substrates. The formation of anisotropic patterns, manifested not only in thickness variation but also in composition variation, was found to be driven by Marangoni instability, with the PS and PVP streams flowing toward the preferred regions as the phase separation induced by solvent evaporation proceeded. The initial viscosity of the polymer solution and the thickness of the spin-cast films were lumped into one single parameter to study the phase morphology development at various initial polymer solution concentrations. Interestingly, the ratio of the square of the film thickness to the viscosity, a parameter loosely related to the Marangoni number, was found to reach a maximum value at the concentration where the strip patterns were most well-developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Hua Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30043, Taiwan, ROC
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180
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Laforgue A, Bazuin CG, Prud'homme RE. A Study of the Supramolecular Approach in Controlling Diblock Copolymer Nanopatterning and Nanoporosity on Surfaces. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laforgue
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
| | - C. Geraldine Bazuin
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Robert E. Prud'homme
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
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181
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Ohzono T, Shimomura M. Simple fabrication of ring-like microwrinkle patterns. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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182
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Yan LT, Xie XM. Numerical simulation of substrate effects on spinodal decomposition in polymer binary mixture: Effects of the surface potential. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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183
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Yin Y, Sun P, Jiang R, Li B, Chen T, Jin Q, Ding D, Shi AC. Simulated annealing study of asymmetric diblock copolymer thin films. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:184708. [PMID: 16709132 DOI: 10.1063/1.2194537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a simulated annealing study of the morphology of asymmetric diblock copolymer thin films confined between two homogeneous and identical surfaces. We have focused on copolymers that form a gyroidal morphology in the bulk. The morphological dependence of the confined films on the film thickness and the surface-polymer interaction has been systematically investigated. From the simulations it is found that much richer morphologies can form for the gyroid-forming asymmetric diblock copolymer thin films, in contrast to the lamella-forming symmetric and cylinder-forming asymmetric diblock copolymer films. Multiple morphological transitions induced by changing the film thickness and polymer-surface interactions are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Yin
- College of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
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184
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Yan LT, Xie XM. The Morphology and Dynamics of Substrate Effects on Spinodal Decomposition in Binary Mixtures with Short-Range Potential. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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185
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Sprenger M, Schlesener F, Dietrich S. Forces between chemically structured substrates mediated by critical fluids. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:134703. [PMID: 16613464 DOI: 10.1063/1.2178355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider binary liquid mixtures close to their critical points confined by two parallel, geometrically flat, and chemically structured substrates. Universal order parameter profiles are calculated within mean field theory for periodic patterns of stripes with alternating preferences for the two species of the mixture and with different relative positions of the two substrates. From the order parameter profiles the effective forces between the two plates are derived. The tuning of Casimir amplitudes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sprenger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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186
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Spanier JE, Kolpak AM, Urban JJ, Grinberg I, Ouyang L, Yun WS, Rappe AM, Park H. Ferroelectric phase transition in individual single-crystalline BaTiO3 nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:735-9. [PMID: 16608274 DOI: 10.1021/nl052538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report scanned probe characterizations of the ferroelectric phase transition in individual barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanowires. Variable-temperature electrostatic force microscopy is used to manipulate, image, and evaluate the diameter-dependent stability of ferroelectric polarizations. These measurements show that the ferroelectric phase transition temperature (TC) is depressed as the nanowire diameter (dnw) decreases, following a 1/dnw scaling. The diameter at which TC falls below room temperature is determined to be approximately 3 nm, and extrapolation of the data indicates that nanowires with dnw as small as 0.8 nm can support ferroelectricity at lower temperatures. We also present density functional theory (DFT) calculations of bare and molecule-covered BaTiO3 surfaces. These calculations indicate that ferroelectricity in nanowires is stabilized by molecular adsorbates such as OH and carboxylates. These adsorbates are found to passivate polarization charge more effectively than metallic electrodes, explaining the observed stability of ferroelectricity in small-diameter BaTiO3 nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Spanier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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187
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Wu KH, Lu SY. Preferential Partition of Nanowires in Thin Films of Immiscible Polymer Blends. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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188
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Qiao L, Kevrekidis IG, Punckt C, Rotermund HH. Geometry-induced pulse instability in microdesigned catalysts: the effect of boundary curvature. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:036217. [PMID: 16605641 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.036217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We explore the effect of boundary curvature on the instability of reactive pulses in the catalytic oxidation of on microdesigned Pt catalysts. Using ring-shaped domains of various radii, we find that the pulses disappear (decollate from the inert boundary) at a turning point bifurcation, and we trace this boundary in both physical and geometrical parameter space. These computations corroborate experimental observations of pulse decollation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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189
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Yoon BK, Huh J, Kim HC, Hong JM, Park C. Ordered Patterns of Microimprinted Bilayer Polymer Films with Controlled Dewetting and Layer Inversion. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051953q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, and Optoelectronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, and Optoelectronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, and Optoelectronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, and Optoelectronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, and Optoelectronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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190
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Hoogboom J, Rasing T, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. LCD alignment layers. Controlling nematic domain properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b510579j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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191
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Li W, Nie Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhu D, Lin Q, Yang B, Wang Y. Fabricating a binary pattern of ordered two-dimensional luminescent (mdppy)BF arrays by dewetting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b517562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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192
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Claudia Arias A. Vertically Segregated Polymer Blends: Their Use in Organic Electronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/15321790500471251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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193
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Kontturi E, Tammelin T, Osterberg M. Cellulose—model films and the fundamental approach. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 35:1287-304. [PMID: 17225889 DOI: 10.1039/b601872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This critical review describes the recent arrival of ultrathin films of cellulose. The methodology of preparation as well as the applications of the films for fundamental research is fully covered. The review places cellulose in a wider scientific context where cellulose research is no longer a field of interest for specialised scientists only. Cellulose and cellulosic materials should interest communities such as biochemists, physical chemists, surface chemists, organic chemists, polymer chemists and also physicists working close the disciplines mentioned. (149 references.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Laboratory of Forest Products Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 6300, FIN-02015 TKK, Finland.
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194
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Kontturi E, Thüne PC, Niemantsverdriet JW(H. Trimethylsilylcellulose/Polystyrene Blends as a Means To Construct Cellulose Domains on Cellulose. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0504419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C. Thüne
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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195
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Cui L, Han Y. Honeycomb pattern formation via polystyrene/poly(2-vinylpyridine) phase separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:11085-91. [PMID: 16285775 DOI: 10.1021/la0511135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface morphologies and properties of polystyrene (PS)/poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PVP) blend films cast on the mica substrate from ethylbenzene solution were investigated upon controlling different weight ratios and solvent evaporation rates. A near-honeycomblike surface morphology of the PS/PVP blend film formed under controlling the solvent evaporation rate due to the effect of Marangoni-Benard convection. The results of static water contact angles, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solvent selective etching, and treatment by water illustrated that the near-honeycomblike structures on the surface of PS/PVP blend films were different for different weight ratios of PS and PVP. After treatment with water for several minutes, PVP islands-like structure emerged in the holes of the film for a PS/PVP weight ratio of 4/1, and a quasihexagonal arrangement of alternate big and small PVP droplets emerged on the top layer of the film for a PS/PVP weight ratio of 7/1. The formation mechanisms of different surface structures and their response behaviors to water were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P R China
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196
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Yao L, Xuming X, Qi Z, Liming T. Formation of cylindrical phase structure in PMMA/HBP polymer blend films. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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197
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Bertoldo M, Coltelli MB, Miraglia L, Narducci P, Bronco S. Surface energy inducing asymmetric phase distribution in films of a bynary polymeric blend. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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198
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Zhang JJ, Jin G, Ma Y. Wetting-driven structure ordering of a copolymer/homopolymer/nanoparticle mixture in the presence of a modulated potential. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2005; 18:359-65. [PMID: 16292474 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2005-00044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate pattern formation on a solid substrate of a diblock copolymer-homopolymer mixture containing doping wettable nanoparticles with a preferential attraction for one component of the copolymers, using a three-order-parameter model. The presence of doping nanoparticles under the surface-interaction modulation breaks the isotropy in the process of microphase-separation and macrophase-separation. This leads to the formation of orientational microphase and macrophase structures due to the interplay between the phase separation and wetting particle ordering under a modulated potential at the late stage. Simulations suggest that the microphase morphology and macrophase morphology can be changed through adjustment of the wetting strength, the amplitude as well as the period of the modulated potential. It provides some important insights for changing microphase and macrophase structures in polymer blends by wetting-driven spinodal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
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199
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The influence of nanoparticle fillers on the morphology of a spin-cast thin film polymer blend. Colloid Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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200
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Heriot SY, Jones RAL. An interfacial instability in a transient wetting layer leads to lateral phase separation in thin spin-cast polymer-blend films. NATURE MATERIALS 2005; 4:782-6. [PMID: 16142241 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Spin-coating is a very widely used technique for making uniform thin polymer films. For example, the active layers in most experimental semiconducting polymer-based devices, such as light-emitting diodes and photovoltaics, are made this way. The efficiency of such devices can be improved by using blends of polymers; these phase separate during the spin-coating process, creating the complex morphology that leads to performance improvements. We have used time-resolved small-angle light scattering and light reflectivity during the spin-coating process to study the development of structure directly. Our results provide evidence that a blend of two polymers first undergoes vertical stratification; the interface between the stratified layers then becomes unstable, leading to the final phase-separated thin film. This has given us the basis for establishing a full mechanistic understanding of the development of morphology in thin mixed polymer films, allowing a route to the rational design of processing conditions so as to achieve desirable morphologies by self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Y Heriot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, UK.
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