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Cell Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010048. [PMID: 35008212 PMCID: PMC8750350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The progression of liver tumors is highly influenced by the interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding environment, and, consequently, can determine whether the primary tumor regresses, metastasizes, or establishes micrometastases. In the context of liver cancer, cell death is a double-edged sword. On one hand, cell death promotes inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, which are tightly orchestrated by a variety of resident and infiltrating host cells. On the other hand, targeting cell death in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma could represent an attractive therapeutic approach for limiting tumor growth. Further studies are needed to investigate therapeutic strategies combining current chemotherapies with novel drugs targeting either cell death or the tumor microenvironment. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Closely associated with liver inflammation and fibrosis, hepatocyte cell death is a common trigger for acute and chronic liver disease arising from different etiologies, including viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and fatty liver. In this review, we discuss the contribution of different types of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, or autophagy, to the progression of liver disease and the development of HCC. Interestingly, inflammasomes have recently emerged as pivotal innate sensors with a highly pathogenic role in various liver diseases. In this regard, an increased inflammatory response would act as a key element promoting a pro-oncogenic microenvironment that may result not only in tumor growth, but also in the formation of a premetastatic niche. Importantly, nonparenchymal hepatic cells, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatic macrophages, play an important role in establishing the tumor microenvironment, stimulating tumorigenesis by paracrine communication through cytokines and/or angiocrine factors. Finally, we update the potential therapeutic options to inhibit tumorigenesis, and we propose different mechanisms to consider in the tumor microenvironment field for HCC resolution.
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152
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Chen IT, Chen HC, Lo YH, Lai PY, Hsieh FY, Wu YH, Shih HM, Lai MZ. Promyelocytic leukemia protein targets MK2 to promote cytotoxicity. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52254. [PMID: 34633746 PMCID: PMC8647022 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a tumor suppressor possessing multiple modes of action, including induction of apoptosis. We unexpectedly find that PML promotes necroptosis in addition to apoptosis, with Pml-/- macrophages being more resistant to TNF-mediated necroptosis than wild-type counterparts and PML-deficient mice displaying resistance to TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Reduced necroptosis in PML-deficient cells is associated with attenuated receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) activation, as revealed by reduced RIPK1[S166] phosphorylation, and attenuated RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL necrosome complex formation. We show that PML deficiency leads to enhanced TNF-induced MAPK-activated kinase 2 (MK2) activation and elevated RIPK1[S321] phosphorylation, which suppresses necrosome formation. MK2 inhibitor treatment or MK2 knockout abrogates resistance to cell death induction in PML-null cells and mice. PML binds MK2 and p38 MAPK, thereby inhibiting p38-MK2 interaction and MK2 activation. Moreover, PML participates in autocrine production of TNF induced by cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1)/cIAP2 degradation, since PML-knockout attenuates autocrine TNF. Thus, by targeting MK2 activation and autocrine TNF, PML promotes necroptosis and apoptosis, representing a novel tumor-suppressive activity for PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Hsun Lo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Fu-Yi Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-Ming Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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153
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Liu X, Xie X, Ren Y, Shao Z, Zhang N, Li L, Ding X, Zhang L. The role of necroptosis in disease and treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:730-755. [PMID: 34977874 PMCID: PMC8706757 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a distinctive type of programmed cell death different from apoptosis or necrosis, triggered by a series of death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNFR2, and Fas. In case that apoptosis process is blocked, necroptosis pathway is initiated with the activation of three key downstream mediators which are receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The whole process eventually leads to destruction of the cell membrane integrity, swelling of organelles, and severe inflammation. Over the past decade, necroptosis has been found widely involved in life process of human beings and animals. In this review, we attempt to explore the therapeutic prospects of necroptosis regulators by describing its molecular mechanism and the role it played in pathological condition and tissue homeostasis, and to summarize the research and clinical applications of corresponding regulators including small molecule inhibitors, chemicals, Chinese herbal extracts, and biological agents in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Zhiying Shao
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Nie Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Liantao Li
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
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154
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Liu S, Joshi K, Denning MF, Zhang J. RIPK3 signaling and its role in the pathogenesis of cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7199-7217. [PMID: 34654937 PMCID: PMC9044760 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase. As a key component of necrosomes, RIPK3 is an essential mediator of inflammatory factors (such as TNFα-tumor necrosis factor α) and infection-induced necroptosis, a programmed necrosis. In addition, RIPK3 signaling is also involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cytokine/chemokine production, mitochondrial metabolism, autophagy, and cell proliferation by interacting with and/or phosphorylating the critical regulators of the corresponding signaling pathways. Similar to apoptosis, RIPK3-signaling-mediated necroptosis is inactivated in most types of cancers, suggesting RIPK3 might play a critical suppressive role in the pathogenesis of cancers. However, in some inflammatory types of cancers, such as pancreatic cancers and colorectal cancers, RIPK3 signaling might promote cancer development by stimulating proliferation signaling in tumor cells and inducing an immunosuppressive response in the tumor environment. In this review, we summarize recent research progress in the regulators of RIPK3 signaling, and discuss the function of this pathway in the regulation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis and MLKL-independent cellular behaviors. In addition, we deliberate the potential roles of RIPK3 signaling in the pathogenesis of different types of cancers and discuss the potential strategies for targeting this pathway in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kanak Joshi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Mitchell F Denning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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155
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Yu Z, Efstathiou NE, Correa VSMC, Chen X, Ishihara K, Iesato Y, Narimatsu T, Ntentakis D, Chen Y, Vavvas DG. Receptor interacting protein 3 kinase, not 1 kinase, through MLKL-mediated necroptosis is involved in UVA-induced corneal endothelium cell death. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:366. [PMID: 34815387 PMCID: PMC8611008 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is one of the most energetic radiations in the solar spectrum that can result in various tissue injury disorders. Previous studies demonstrated that UVA, which represents 95% of incident photovoltaic radiation, induces corneal endothelial cells (CECs) death. Programmed cell death (PCD) has been implicated in numerous ophthalmologic diseases. Here, we investigated receptor-interacting protein 3 kinase (RIPK3), a key signaling molecule of PCD, in UVA-induced injury using a short-term corneal endothelium (CE) culture model. UVA irradiation activated RIPK3 and mediated necroptosis both in mouse CE and primary human CECs (pHCECs). UVA irradiation was associated with upregulation of key necroptotic molecules (DAI, TRIF, and MLKL) that lie downstream of RIPK3. Moreover, RIPK3 inhibition or silencing in primary corneal endothelial cells suppresses UVA-induced cell death, along with downregulation of MLKL in pHCECs. In addition, genetic inhibition or knockout of RIPK3 in mice (RIPK3K51A and RIPK3-/- mice) similarly attenuates cell death and the levels of necroptosis in ex vivo UVA irradiation experiments. In conclusion, these results identify RIPK3, not RIPK1, as a critical regulator of UVA-induced cell death in CE and indicate its potential as a future protective target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, Jinan University, 518040 Shenzhen, China
| | - Nikolaos E. Efstathiou
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Victor S. M. C. Correa
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Kenji Ishihara
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Yasuhiro Iesato
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Toshio Narimatsu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Dimitrios Ntentakis
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Yanyun Chen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Ophthalmology, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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156
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Nicolè L, Cappello F, Cappellesso R, Piccin L, Ventura L, Guzzardo V, Del Fiore P, Chiarion-Sileni V, Dei Tos AP, Mocellin S, Fassina A. RIPK3 and AXL Expression Study in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma Unmasks AXL as Predictor of Sentinel Node Metastasis: A Pilot Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:728319. [PMID: 34745951 PMCID: PMC8566987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.728319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most lethal skin cancer. AXL is a tyrosine kinase receptor involved in several oncogenic processes and might play a role in blocking necroptosis (a regulated cell death mechanism) in MM through the downregulation of the necroptotic-related driver RIPK3. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of the expression of AXL and RIPK3 in 108 primary cutaneous MMs. Association between AXL and RIPK3 immunoreactivity and clinical-pathological variables, sentinel lymph node status, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was assessed. Immunoreaction in tumor cells was detected in 30 cases (28%; range, 5%-80%) and in 17 cases (16%; range, 5%-50%) for AXL and RIPK3, respectively. Metastases in the sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 14 out of 61 patients, and these were associated with AXL-positive immunoreactivity in the primary tumor (p < 0.0001). No association between AXL and TILs was found. RIPK3 immunoreactivity was not associated with any variables. A final logistic regression analysis showed Breslow and AXL-positive immunoreactivity as the stronger predictor for positive sentinel node status [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.96]. AXL could be a potential new biomarker for MM risk assessment, and it deserves to be further investigated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nicolè
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Mestre, Italy
| | - Filippo Cappello
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Pathological Anatomy Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Piccin
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Ventura
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Del Fiore
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, IOV- IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Pathological Anatomy Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, IOV- IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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157
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Liao M, Dong Q, Chen R, Xu L, Jiang Y, Guo Z, Xiao M, He W, Cao C, Hu R, Sun W, Jiang H, Wang J. Oridonin inhibits DNMT3A R882 mutation-driven clonal hematopoiesis and leukemia by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:297. [PMID: 34663800 PMCID: PMC8523644 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutations occur in ~20% of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and >50% of these mutations in AML samples are heterozygous missense alterations within the methyltransferase domain at residue R882. DNMT3A R882 mutations in AML patients promote resistance to anthracycline chemotherapy and drive relapse. In this study, we performed high-throughput screening and identified that oridonin, an ent-kaurene diterpenoid extracted from the Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, inhibits DNMT3A R882 mutant leukemic cells at a low-micromolar concentration (IC50 = 2.1 µM) by activating both RIPK1-Caspase-8-Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis. The inhibitory effect of oridonin against DNMT3A R882 mutant leukemia cells can also be observed in vivo. Furthermore, oridonin inhibits clonal hematopoiesis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with Dnmt3a R878H mutation comparing to normal HSCs by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis. Overall, oridonin is a potential and promising drug candidate or lead compound targeting DNMT3A R882 mutation-driven clonal hematopoiesis and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongye Dong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Liqian Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxing Guo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, 100016, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Changcai Cao
- Shandong Hongmai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Room 1201, building B, Research Institute of Tianjin University, No. 51, Lutai Avenue, Zibo High tech Zone, 255000, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghua Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Wanling Sun
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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158
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Kim S, Lee H, Lim JW, Kim H. Astaxanthin induces NADPH oxidase activation and receptor‑interacting protein kinase 1‑mediated necroptosis in gastric cancer AGS cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:837. [PMID: 34608499 PMCID: PMC8503742 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX), a red-colored xanthophyll carotenoid, functions as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. ASX displays anticancer effects by reducing or increasing oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote cancer cell death by necroptosis mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3. NADPH oxidase is a major source of ROS that may promote necroptosis in some cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate whether ASX induces necroptosis by increasing NADPH oxidase activity and ROS levels in gastric cancer AGS cells. AGS cells were treated with ASX with or without ML171 (NADPH oxidase 1 specific inhibitor), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; antioxidant), z-VAD (pan-caspase inhibitor) or Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1; a specific inhibitor of RIP1). As a result, ASX increased NADPH oxidase activity, ROS levels and cell death, and these effects were suppressed by ML171 and NAC. Furthermore, ASX induced RIP1 and RIP3 activation, ultimately inducing mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) activation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and cell death. Moreover, the ASX-induced decrease in cell viability was reversed by Nec-1 treatment and RIP1 siRNA transfection, but not by z-VAD. ASX did not increase the ratio of apoptotic Bax/anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, the number of Annexin V-positive cells, or caspase-9 activation, which are apoptosis indices. In conclusion, ASX induced necroptotic cell death by increasing NADPH oxidase activity, ROS levels, LDH release and the number of propidium iodide-positive cells, as well as activating necroptosis-regulating proteins, RIP1/RIP3/MLKL, in gastric cancer AGS cells. The results of this study demonstrated the necroptotic effect of ASX on gastric cancer AGS cells, which required NADPH oxidase activation and RIP1/RIP3/MLKL signaling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sori Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbit Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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159
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Liu M, Wang L, Xia X, Wu Y, Zhu C, Duan M, Wei X, Hu J, Lei L. Regulated lytic cell death in breast cancer. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:12-33. [PMID: 34549863 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a very common cancer among women and one of the primary causes of death in women worldwide. Because BC has different molecular subtypes, the challenges associated with targeted therapy have increased significantly, and the identification of new therapeutic targets has become increasingly urgent. Blocking apoptosis and inhibiting cell death are important characteristics of malignant tumours, including BC. Under adverse conditions, including exposure to antitumour therapy, inhibition of cell death programmes can promote cancerous transformation and the survival of cancer cells. Therefore, inducing cell death in cancer cells is fundamentally important and provides new opportunities for potential therapeutic interventions. Lytic forms of cell death, primarily pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis, are different from apoptosis owing to their characteristic lysis, that is, the production of cellular components, to guide beneficial immune responses, and the application of lytic cell death (LCD) in the field of tumour therapy has attracted considerable interest from researchers. The latest clinical research results confirm that lytic death signalling cascades involve the BC cell immune response and resistance to therapies used in clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the various forms of LCD, placing a special emphasis on signalling pathways and their implications in BC, which may facilitate the development of novel and optimal strategies for the clinical treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yundi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chunling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Duan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianhe Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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160
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Scarpitta A, Hacker UT, Büning H, Boyer O, Adriouch S. Pyroptotic and Necroptotic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment and Their Potential to Stimulate Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731598. [PMID: 34490126 PMCID: PMC8417056 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second most common cause of death worldwide affecting around 10 million patients every year. Among the therapeutic options, chemotherapeutic drugs are widely used but often associated with side effects. In addition, toxicity against immune cells may hamper anti-tumor immune responses. Some chemotherapeutic drugs, however, preserve immune functions and some can even stimulate anti-tumor immune responses through the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) rather than apoptosis. ICD stimulates the immune system by several mechanisms including the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cells. In this review, we will discuss the consequences of inducing two recently characterized forms of ICD, i.e., pyroptosis and necroptosis, in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the perspectives they may offer to increase the immunogenicity of the so-called cold tumors and to stimulate effective anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Scarpitta
- UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative Therapies, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Ulrich T Hacker
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olivier Boyer
- UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative Therapies, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative Therapies, Normandie University, Rouen, France
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161
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Park HH, Kim HR, Park SY, Hwang SM, Hong SM, Park S, Kang HC, Morgan MJ, Cha JH, Lee D, Roe JS, Kim YS. RIPK3 activation induces TRIM28 derepression in cancer cells and enhances the anti-tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:107. [PMID: 34419074 PMCID: PMC8379748 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis is emerging as a new target for cancer immunotherapy as it is now recognized as a form of cell death that increases tumor immunogenicity, which would be especially helpful in treating immune-desert tumors. De novo synthesis of inflammatory proteins during necroptosis appears especially important in facilitating increased anti-tumor immune responses. While late-stage transcription mediated by NF-κB during cell death is believed to play a role in this process, it is otherwise unclear what cell signaling events initiate this transactivation of inflammatory genes. Methods We employed tandem-affinity purification linked to mass spectrometry (TAP-MS), in combination with the analysis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets to identify the Tripartite Motif Protein 28 (TRIM28) as a candidate co-repressor. Comprehensive biochemical and molecular biology techniques were used to characterize the role of TRIM28 in RIPK3 activation-induced transcriptional and immunomodulatory events. The cell composition estimation module was used to evaluate the correlation between RIPK3/TRIM28 levels and CD8+ T cells or dendritic cells (DC) in all TCGA tumors. Results We identified TRIM28 as a co-repressor that regulates transcriptional activity during necroptosis. Activated RIPK3 phosphorylates TRIM28 on serine 473, inhibiting its chromatin binding activity, thereby contributing to the transactivation of NF-κB and other transcription factors, such as SOX9. This leads to elevated cytokine expression, which then potentiates immunoregulatory processes, such as DC maturation. The expression of RIPK3 has a significant positive association with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells populations in various tumor type, thereby activating anti-cancer responses. Conclusion Our data suggest that RIPK3 activation-dependent derepression of TRIM28 in cancer cells leads to increased immunostimulatory cytokine production in the tumor microenvironment, which then contributes to robust cytotoxic anti-tumor immunity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01399-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Sun Mi Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Sangwook Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Michael J Morgan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK, 74464, USA
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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162
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Mora Y, Reyes ME, Zanella L, Mora B, Buchegger K, Ili C, Brebi P. Resistance to platinum-based cancer drugs: a special focus on epigenetic mechanisms. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:777-790. [PMID: 34281355 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a significant clinical challenge, limiting the drug response in cancer. Several mechanisms associated with drug resistance have been characterized, and the role of epigenetics in generating resistance to platinum-based drugs has been clarified. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, long noncoding RNA, and microRNA affect the expression of genes implicated in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of drugs, and other non-ADME genes that encode enzymes involved in the processes of cell proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis and signal transduction key in the development of chemoresistance in cancer, specifically in platinum-based drugs. This review summarizes current discoveries in epigenetic regulation implicated in platinum drug resistance in cancer and the main clinical trials based on epigenetic therapy, evaluating their potential synergy with platinum-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuselin Mora
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus- Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine (BIOREN-CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4810296, Chile
| | - María Elena Reyes
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus- Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine (BIOREN-CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4810296, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, 8370003, Chile
| | - Louise Zanella
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus- Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine (BIOREN-CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4810296, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, 4810101, Chile
| | - Kurt Buchegger
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus- Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine (BIOREN-CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4810296, Chile.,Departamento Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Carmen Ili
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus- Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine (BIOREN-CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4810296, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus- Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine (BIOREN-CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4810296, Chile
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163
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Chen D, Gregory AD, Li X, Wei J, Burton CL, Gibson G, Scott SJ, St Croix CM, Zhang Y, Shapiro SD. RIP3-dependent necroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e144689. [PMID: 34156033 PMCID: PMC8262480 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis has emerged as a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we found that markers of necroptosis, including high mobility group box 1 release and phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL), were markedly induced in the late stage of cigarette smoking-induced (CS-induced) emphysema in mouse lung tissue as well as in lung epithelial cells and organoids with higher dosage of or more prolonged exposure to cigarette smoking extract (CSE). Apoptotic signals were also detected and maximally induced in the early stage of CS-exposed mice and CSE-treated epithelial cells. Inhibition of apoptosis by Z-VAD, a pan-caspase inhibitor, switched the cellular stress to enhanced necroptosis in lung epithelial cells and organoids treated with CSE. Depletion or inhibition of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) or MLKL attenuated the CSE-induced cell death, suggesting that necroptosis contributes to CSE-induced cell death. Silencing or inhibition of RIP1 had no protective effect, indicating a RIP1-independent RIP3 activation pathway. CSE-induced necroptosis released more damage-associated molecular patterns and evoked greater engulfment but slower clearance by bone marrow-derived macrophages, leading to enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines Tnfα and Il6. Finally, our in vivo data verified that inhibition of necroptosis by RIP3 inhibitor GSK'872 protected mice from CS-induced emphysema and suppressed the lung inflammation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that necroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD. Targeting RIP3 and its downstream pathway may be an effective therapy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshi Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Alyssa D Gregory
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Christine L Burton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Gregory Gibson
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen J Scott
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Steven D Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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164
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Glutathione peroxidase-1 regulates ASK1-dependent apoptosis via interaction with TRAF2 in RIPK3-negative cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1080-1091. [PMID: 34158609 PMCID: PMC8257591 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is a selenocysteine-containing peroxidase enzyme that defends mammalian cells against oxidative stress, but the role of GPx signaling is poorly characterized. Here, we show that GPx type 1 (GPx1) plays a key regulatory role in the apoptosis signaling pathway. The absence of GPx1 augmented TNF-α-induced apoptosis in various RIPK3-negative cancer cells by markedly elevating the level of cytosolic H2O2, which is derived from mitochondria. At the molecular level, the absence of GPx1 led to the strengthened sequential activation of sustained JNK and caspase-8 expression. Two signaling mechanisms are involved in the GPx1-dependent regulation of the apoptosis pathway: (1) GPx1 regulates the level of cytosolic H2O2 that oxidizes the redox protein thioredoxin 1, blocking ASK1 activation, and (2) GPx1 interacts with TRAF2 and interferes with the formation of the active ASK1 complex. Inducible knockdown of GPx1 expression impaired the tumorigenic growth of MDA-MB-231 cells (>70% reduction, P = 0.0034) implanted in mice by promoting apoptosis in vivo. Overall, this study reveals the apoptosis-related signaling function of a GPx family enzyme highly conserved in aerobic organisms. An antioxidative enzyme that plays a critical role in regulating whether cells program their own death offers a promising new target for anti-cancer therapies. Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) is involved in cleaning up reactive metabolic byproducts such as hydrogen peroxide inside cells. Sang Won Kang and colleagues at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, South Korea, showed that this stress-response enzyme also suppresses the induction of normal programmed cell death mechanisms in a variety of cancer cells. The researchers detailed the molecular partners involved in GPX1-mediated signaling inside cancer cells, and demonstrated that genetically reducing GPX1 expression dramatically reduces tumor growth in a mouse model of breast cancer. Drugs with similar inhibitory effects on GPX1 activity might therefore also help shrink tumors in human cancer patients.
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165
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Gao S, Menendez M, Kurylowicz K, Griffin CT. Genomic locus proteomic screening identifies the NF-κB signaling pathway components NFκB1 and IKBKG as transcriptional regulators of Ripk3 in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253519. [PMID: 34153072 PMCID: PMC8216549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a multi-functional protein best known for facilitating cellular necroptosis and inflammation. Recent evidence from our lab indicates that RIPK3 expression must be tightly regulated in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis, to maintain vascular integrity during embryogenesis, and to provide protection from postnatal atherosclerosis. RIPK3 activity and stability are regulated by post-translational modifications and caspase-dependent cleavage. However, less is known about the transcriptional regulation of Ripk3. Here we utilized an unbiased CRISPR-based technology called genomic locus proteomics (GLoPro) to screen transcription factors and coregulatory proteins associated with the Ripk3 locus in a murine endothelial cell line. We found that 41 nuclear proteins are specifically enriched at the Ripk3 locus, including the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway components NFκB1 and IKBKG. We further verified that NFκB1 and IKBKG directly bind the Ripk3 promoter and prevent TNFα-induced Ripk3 transcription in cultured human primary endothelial cells. Moreover, NFκB1 prevents RIPK3-mediated death of primary endothelial cells. These data provide new insights into NF-κB signaling and Ripk3 transcriptional regulation in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Gao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Matthew Menendez
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Katarzyna Kurylowicz
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Courtney T. Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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166
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van Schaik TA, Chen KS, Shah K. Therapy-Induced Tumor Cell Death: Friend or Foe of Immunotherapy? Front Oncol 2021; 11:678562. [PMID: 34141622 PMCID: PMC8204251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.678562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatory treatments using surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy together with immunotherapy have shown encouraging results for specific subsets of tumors, but a significant proportion of tumors remains unsusceptible. Some of these inconsistencies are thought to be the consequence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) caused by therapy-induced tumor cell death (TCD). An increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing TCD has provided valuable insights in specific signaling cascades activated by treatment and the subsequent effects on the TME. Depending on the treatment variables of conventional chemo-, radio- and immunotherapy and the genetic composition of the tumor cells, particular cell death pathways are activated. Consequently, TCD can either have tolerogenic or immunogenic effects on the local environment and thereby affect the post-treatment anti-tumor response of immune cells. Thus, identification of these events can provide new rationales to increase the efficacy of conventional therapies combined with immunotherapies. In this review, we sought to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms initiated by conventional therapies and the impact of treatment-induced TCD on the TME. We also provide some perspectives on how we can circumvent tolerogenic effects by adequate treatment selection and manipulation of key signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs A van Schaik
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kok-Siong Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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167
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Martens S, Bridelance J, Roelandt R, Vandenabeele P, Takahashi N. MLKL in cancer: more than a necroptosis regulator. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1757-1772. [PMID: 33953348 PMCID: PMC8184805 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) emerged as executioner of necroptosis, a RIPK3-dependent form of regulated necrosis. Cell death evasion is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Besides apoptosis, some cancers suppress necroptosis-associated mechanisms by for example epigenetic silencing of RIPK3 expression. Conversely, necroptosis-elicited inflammation by cancer cells can fuel tumor growth. Recently, necroptosis-independent functions of MLKL were unraveled in receptor internalization, ligand-receptor degradation, endosomal trafficking, extracellular vesicle formation, autophagy, nuclear functions, axon repair, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and inflammasome regulation. Little is known about the precise role of MLKL in cancer and whether some of these functions are involved in cancer development and metastasis. Here, we discuss current knowledge and controversies on MLKL, its structure, necroptosis-independent functions, expression, mutations, and its potential role as a pro- or anti-cancerous factor. Analysis of MLKL expression patterns reveals that MLKL is upregulated by type I/II interferon, conditions of inflammation, and tissue injury. Overall, MLKL may affect cancer development and metastasis through necroptosis-dependent and -independent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Martens
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Bridelance
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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168
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Zhang L, Guo W, Yu J, Li C, Li M, Chai D, Wang W, Deng W. Receptor-interacting protein in malignant digestive neoplasms. J Cancer 2021; 12:4362-4371. [PMID: 34093836 PMCID: PMC8176420 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A deep and comprehensive understanding of factors that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, and evolution is of essential importance. Among them, the serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase-like kinases, also known as receptor interacting proteins (RIPs) or receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPKs), is emerging as important tumor-related proteins due to its complex regulation of cell survival, apoptosis, and necrosis. In this review, we mainly review the relevance of RIP to various malignant digestive neoplasms, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Consecutive research on RIPs and its relationship with malignant digestive neoplasms is required, as it ultimately conduces to the etiology and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Dongqi Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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169
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Baik JY, Liu Z, Jiao D, Kwon HJ, Yan J, Kadigamuwa C, Choe M, Lake R, Kruhlak M, Tandon M, Cai Z, Choksi S, Liu ZG. ZBP1 not RIPK1 mediates tumor necroptosis in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2666. [PMID: 33976222 PMCID: PMC8113527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis happens commonly in advanced solid tumors. We reported that necroptosis plays a major role in tumor necrosis. Although several key necroptosis regulators including receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) have been identified, the regulation of tumor necroptosis during tumor development remains elusive. Here, we report that Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), not RIPK1, mediates tumor necroptosis during tumor development in preclinical cancer models. We found that ZBP1 expression is dramatically elevated in necrotic tumors. Importantly, ZBP1, not RIPK1, deletion blocks tumor necroptosis during tumor development and inhibits metastasis. We showed that glucose deprivation triggers ZBP1-depedent necroptosis in tumor cells. Glucose deprivation causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release to the cytoplasm and the binding of mtDNA to ZBP1 to activate MLKL in a BCL-2 family protein, NOXA-dependent manner. Therefore, our study reveals ZBP1 as the key regulator of tumor necroptosis and provides a potential drug target for controlling tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Baik
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoshan Liu
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Delong Jiao
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyung-Joon Kwon
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiong Yan
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chamila Kadigamuwa
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moran Choe
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kruhlak
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayank Tandon
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Swati Choksi
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Gang Liu
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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170
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Mabe NW, Garcia NMG, Wolery SE, Newcomb R, Meingasner RC, Vilona BA, Lupo R, Lin CC, Chi JT, Alvarez JV. G9a Promotes Breast Cancer Recurrence through Repression of a Pro-inflammatory Program. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108341. [PMID: 33147463 PMCID: PMC7656293 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated gene expression is a common feature of cancer and may underlie some aspects of tumor progression, including tumor relapse. Here, we show that recurrent mammary tumors exhibit global changes in gene expression and histone modifications and acquire dependence on the G9a histone methyltransferase. Genetic ablation of G9a delays tumor recurrence, and pharmacologic inhibition of G9a slows the growth of recurrent tumors. Mechanistically, G9a activity is required to silence pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), through H3K9 methylation at gene promoters. G9a inhibition induces re-expression of these cytokines, leading to p53 activation and necroptosis. Recurrent tumors upregulate receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) expression and are dependent upon RIPK3 activity. High RIPK3 expression renders recurrent tumors sensitive to necroptosis following G9a inhibition. These findings demonstrate that G9a-mediated silencing of pro-necroptotic proteins is a critical step in tumor recurrence and suggest that G9a is a targetable dependency in recurrent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W Mabe
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nina Marie G Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shayna E Wolery
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachel Newcomb
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan C Meingasner
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brittany A Vilona
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan Lupo
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James V Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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171
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Koch A, Jeiler B, Roedig J, van Wijk SJL, Dolgikh N, Fulda S. Smac mimetics and TRAIL cooperate to induce MLKL-dependent necroptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Neoplasia 2021; 23:539-550. [PMID: 33971465 PMCID: PMC8122156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The clinical outcome in children with BL has improved over the last years but the prognosis for adults is still poor, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. Here, we report that the combinational treatment with the Smac mimetic BV6 and TRAIL triggers necroptosis in BL when caspases are blocked by zVAD.fmk (TBZ treatment). The sensitivity of BL cells to TBZ correlates with MLKL expression. We demonstrate that necroptotic signaling critically depends on MLKL, since siRNA-induced knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of MLKL profoundly protect BL cells from TBZ-induced necroptosis. Conversely, MLKL overexpression in cell lines expressing low levels of MLKL leads to necroptosis induction, which can be rescued by pharmacological inhibitors, highlighting the important role of MLKL for necroptosis execution. Importantly, the methylation status analysis of the MLKL promoter reveals a correlation between methylation and MLKL expression. Thus, MLKL is epigenetically regulated in BL and might serve as a prognostic marker for treatment success of necroptosis-based therapies. These findings have crucial implications for the development of new treatment options for BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkathrin Koch
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birte Jeiler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadezda Dolgikh
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany.
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172
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Zhao Q, Guo J, Cheng X, Liao Y, Bi Y, Gong Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Wang X, Yu W, Jin S, Tan Y, Yu X. RIPK3 Suppresses the Progression of Spontaneous Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664927. [PMID: 33996591 PMCID: PMC8120274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIPK3), a member of the family of serine/threonine protein kinases, emerged as a critical regulator of necroptosis. Downregulated expression of RIPK3 is correlated with poor prognosis in multiple tumor types. Here, we show that RIPK3 is involved in the progression of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis. As a clinical correlate, reduced expression of RIPK3 is positively associated with histological grade, lymphatic metastasis and poor prognosis in CRC patients. RIPK3-deficient (Ripk3-/-) mice exhibit increased tumor formation in Apcmin/+ spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis. Apcmin/+Ripk3-/- tumors promote hyperactivation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling, which exacerbates proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. Blocking IL-6 signaling suppressed tumor formation and reduced STAT3 activation in Apcmin/+Ripk3-/- mice. Thus, our results reveal that RIPK3 is a tumor suppressor in spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis, and implicate targeting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis as a potential therapeutic strategy for intestinal tumor patients with reduced RIPK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinran Cheng
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yingying Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renming Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yun Bi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yingxia Gong
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Oral Medicine Center, Renming Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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173
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Patil S, Bhat MY, Advani J, Mohan SV, Babu N, Datta KK, Subbannayya T, Rajagopalan P, Bhat FA, Al-Hebshi N, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of shammah induced signaling in oral keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9397. [PMID: 33931671 PMCID: PMC8087671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shammah is a smokeless tobacco product often mixed with lime, ash, black pepper and flavorings. Exposure to shammah has been linked with dental diseases and oral squamous cell carcinoma. There is limited literature on the prevalence of shammah and its role in pathobiology of oral cancer. In this study, we developed a cellular model to understand the effect of chronic shammah exposure on oral keratinocytes. Chronic exposure to shammah resulted in increased proliferation and invasiveness of non-transformed oral keratinocytes. Quantitative proteomics of shammah treated cells compared to untreated cells led to quantification of 4712 proteins of which 402 were found to be significantly altered. In addition, phosphoproteomics analysis of shammah treated cells compared to untreated revealed hyperphosphorylation of 36 proteins and hypophosphorylation of 83 proteins (twofold, p-value ≤ 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis of significantly altered proteins showed enrichment of proteins involved in extracellular matrix interactions, necroptosis and peroxisome mediated fatty acid oxidation. Kinase-Substrate Enrichment Analysis showed significant increase in activity of kinases such as ROCK1, RAF1, PRKCE and HIPK2 in shammah treated cells. These results provide better understanding of how shammah transforms non-neoplastic cells and warrants additional studies that may assist in improved early diagnosis and treatment of shammah induced oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Younis Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Sonali V Mohan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Keshava K Datta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Firdous A Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Nezar Al-Hebshi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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174
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Riera Romo M. Cell death as part of innate immunity: Cause or consequence? Immunology 2021; 163:399-415. [PMID: 33682112 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated or programmed cell death plays a critical role in the development and tissue organization and function. In addition, it is intrinsically connected with immunity and host defence. An increasing cellular and molecular findings cause a change in the concept of cell death, revealing an expanding network of regulated cell death modalities and their biochemical programmes. Likewise, recent evidences demonstrate the interconnection between cell death pathways and how they are involved in different immune mechanisms. This work provides an overview of the main cell death programmes and their implication in innate immunity not only as an immunogenic/inflammatory process, but also as an active defence strategy during immune response and at the same time as a regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Riera Romo
- Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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175
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Selective Anti-Cancer Effects of Plasma-Activated Medium and Its High Efficacy with Cisplatin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083956. [PMID: 33921230 PMCID: PMC8069277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major histological subtype of primary liver cancer. Ample evidence suggests that the pathological properties of HCC originate from hepatic cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for carcinogenesis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) and plasma-activated medium (PAM) induce apoptosis in cancer cells and represent novel and powerful anti-cancer agents. This study aimed to determine the anti-cancer effect of CAP and PAM in HCC cell lines with CSC characteristics. We showed that the air-based CAP and PAM selectively induced cell death in Hep3B and Huh7 cells with CSC characteristics, but not in the normal liver cell line, MIHA. We observed both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death in the PAM-treated HCC cell lines. Moreover, we determined whether combinatorial PAM therapy with various anti-cancer agents have an additive effect on cell death in Huh7. We found that PAM highly increased the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin, while enhanced the anti-cancer effect of doxorubicin and the targeted-therapy drugs, trametinib and sorafenib to a lesser extent. These findings support the application of CAP and PAM as anti-cancer agents to induce selective cell death in cancers containing CSCs, suggesting that the combinatorial use of PAM and some specific anti-cancer agents is complemented mechanistically.
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176
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Rui C, Shi SN, Ren W, Qin X, Zhuang C, Chen X, Chen G, Yu J, Wang HY, Cai Z. The multitargeted kinase inhibitor KW-2449 ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by targeting RIPK1-mediated necroptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114542. [PMID: 33819469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-dichloro-diammine platinum, CDDP) is a well-known chemotherapeutic drug against a broad spectrum of human malignancies. However, the clinical utility of this effective chemotherapy agent is dose limited by its toxic side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death that is mediated by serine/threonine kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, together with MLKL. In this study, we identified that the multitargeted kinase inhibitor KW-2449 inhibited cisplatin-induced necroptosis, while potentiated cisplatin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that KW-2449 directly inhibited RIPK1 kinase activity to block necroptosis. Oral administration of KW-2449 attenuated renal cell necrosis and reduced pro-inflammatory responses in mouse models of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Taken together, our study shows that KW-2449 is a novel necroptosis inhibitor by targeting RIPK1 kinase activity and has great clinic potential for the treatment of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Rui
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shen-Nan Shi
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenqing Ren
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang 440803, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China; The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
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177
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Khan I, Yousif A, Chesnokov M, Hong L, Chefetz II. A decade of cell death studies: Breathing new life into necroptosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 220:107717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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178
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Dai W, Cheng J, Leng X, Hu X, Ao Y. The potential role of necroptosis in clinical diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:89. [PMID: 33786617 PMCID: PMC8012024 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important type of programmed cell death in addition to apoptosis, necroptosis occurs in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including infections, liver diseases, kidney injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and human tumors. It can be triggered by a variety of factors, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor and Toll‑like receptor families, intracellular DNA and RNA sensors, and interferon, and is mainly mediated by receptor‑interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), RIP3, and mixed lineage kinase domain‑like protein. A better understanding of the mechanism of necroptosis may be useful in the development of novel drugs for necroptosis‑related diseases. In this review, the focus is on the molecular mechanisms of necroptosis, exploring the role of necroptosis in different pathologies, discussing their potential as a novel therapeutic target for disease therapy, and providing suggestions for further study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xi Leng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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179
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Abstract
The immune system can recognize tumor cells to mount antigen-specific T cell response. Central to the establishment of T cell-mediated adaptive immunity are the inflammatory events that facilitate antigen presentation by stimulating the expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such inflammatory events can be triggered upon cytotoxic treatments that induce immunogenic cancer cell death modalities. However, cancers have acquired a plethora of mechanisms to subvert, or to hide from, host-encoded immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss how tumor intrinsic oncogenic factors subvert desirable intratumoral inflammation by suppressing immunogenic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université De Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université De Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut Universitaire De France, Paris, France.,Pôle De Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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180
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Aaes TL, Vandenabeele P. The intrinsic immunogenic properties of cancer cell lines, immunogenic cell death, and how these influence host antitumor immune responses. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:843-860. [PMID: 33214663 PMCID: PMC7937679 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern cancer therapies often involve the combination of tumor-directed cytotoxic strategies and generation of a host antitumor immune response. The latter is unleashed by immunotherapies that activate the immune system generating a more immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment and a stronger tumor antigen-specific immune response. Studying the interaction between antitumor cytotoxic therapies, dying cancer cells, and the innate and adaptive immune system requires appropriate experimental tumor models in mice. In this review, we discuss the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive properties of cancer cell lines commonly used in immunogenic cell death (ICD) studies being apoptosis or necroptosis. We will especially focus on the antigenic component of immunogenicity. While in several cancer cell lines the epitopes of endogenously expressed tumor antigens are known, these intrinsic epitopes are rarely determined in experimental apoptotic or necroptotic ICD settings. Instead by far the most ICD research studies investigate the antigenic response against exogenously expressed model antigens such as ovalbumin or retroviral epitopes (e.g., AH1). In this review, we will argue that the immune response against endogenous tumor antigens and the immunopeptidome profile of cancer cell lines affect the eventual biological readouts in the typical prophylactic tumor vaccination type of experiments used in ICD research, and we will propose additional methods involving immunopeptidome profiling, major histocompatibility complex molecule expression, and identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to document intrinsic immunogenicity following different cell death modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Løve Aaes
- grid.11486.3a0000000104788040Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium ,grid.11486.3a0000000104788040Unit of Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
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181
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Li X, Dong G, Xiong H, Diao H. A narrative review of the role of necroptosis in liver disease: a double-edged sword. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:422. [PMID: 33842643 PMCID: PMC8033311 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver injuries lead to hepatocyte death and turnover. When injuries become chronic, continuous cell death and transformation lead to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually carcinoma. A therapeutic strategy of great significance for liver disease is to control hepatocyte death in acute and chronic injuries. This strategy prevents hepatocytes from causing liver failure and inhibits both secondary inflammation and fibrosis. Both apoptosis and necrosis have been proven to occur in the liver, but the role of necroptosis in liver diseases is controversial. Necroptosis, which has features of necrosis and apoptosis, is a regulatory process that occurs in some cell types when caspases are inhibited. The signaling pathway of necroptosis is characterized by the activation of receptor-interacting proteins kinase (RIPK) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Necroptosis is associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases and has been the focus of research in recent years. The incidence of necroptosis in liver tissues has been studied recently in several liver injury models, but the results of the studies are not consistent. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published data on the involvement of necroptosis in liver injury, focusing on the controversies, issues remaining to be discussed, and potential therapeutic applications in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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182
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Lim JH, Oh S, Kim L, Suh YJ, Ha YJ, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Park MH, Kim YS, Cho Y, Kwak SM, Lee HL, Kim YS, Ryu JS. Low-level expression of necroptosis factors indicates a poor prognosis of the squamous cell carcinoma subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1221-1230. [PMID: 33889504 PMCID: PMC8044481 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The programmed cell death pathway necroptosis may synergize with the DNA damage response (DDR) in opposing tumor progression. While our basic mechanistic understanding of the necroptotic cell death advances rapidly, its prognostic implications have not been thoroughly examined in cancers. Methods We included 394 patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent surgical tumor resection between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2011 and measured expression levels of nine proteins involved in necroptosis and the DDR in primary samples from 394 patients using tissue microarray. Protein expression evaluated by using an H-score method was dichotomized by the median value. The overall survival as the endpoint was calculated from the time of diagnosis to the time of the last follow-up or death. Results We find that low-level expression of the necroptosis markers RIPK3 and PELI1 is associated with high risk of patient death. High-level expression of the key DDR factor p53 in combination with low-level expression of either RIPK3 or PELI1 increases the risk further. These gene expression effects appear to occur specifically in the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) subtype of stage I NSCLC, while not observed in the non-SCC subtypes. Conclusions Low-level expression of such necroptosis factors as RIPK3 and PELI1 in combination with high-level expression of the DDR factor p53 can serve as a critical indicator in predicting survival of stage I NSCLC patients with the SCC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyeok Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Lucia Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young Ju Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hong Lyeol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
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183
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Lou J, Zhou Y, Feng Z, Ma M, Yao Y, Wang Y, Deng Y, Wu Y. Caspase-Independent Regulated Necrosis Pathways as Potential Targets in Cancer Management. Front Oncol 2021; 10:616952. [PMID: 33665167 PMCID: PMC7921719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.616952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated necrosis is an emerging type of cell death independent of caspase. Recently, with increasing findings of regulated necrosis in the field of biochemistry and genetics, the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of regulated necrosis are gradually understood. Nowadays, there are several modes of regulated necrosis that are tightly related to cancer initiation and development, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, pyroptosis, and so on. What’s more, accumulating evidence shows that various compounds can exhibit the anti-cancer effect via inducing regulated necrosis in cancer cells, which indicates that caspase-independent regulated necrosis pathways are potential targets in cancer management. In this review, we expand the molecular mechanisms as well as signaling pathways of multiple modes of regulated necrosis. We also elaborate on the roles they play in tumorigenesis and discuss how each of the regulated necrosis pathways could be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mindi Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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184
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Qi JL, He JR, Jin SM, Yang X, Bai HM, Liu CB, Ma YB. P. aeruginosa Mediated Necroptosis in Mouse Tumor Cells Induces Long-Lasting Systemic Antitumor Immunity. Front Oncol 2021; 10:610651. [PMID: 33643911 PMCID: PMC7908819 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD) characterized by RIP3 mediated MLKL activation and increased membrane permeability via MLKL oligomerization. Tumor cell immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been considered to be essential for the anti-tumor response, which is associated with DC recruitment, activation, and maturation. In this study, we found that P. aeruginosa showed its potential to suppress tumor growth and enable long-lasting anti-tumor immunity in vivo. What's more, phosphorylation- RIP3 and MLKL activation induced by P. aeruginosa infection resulted in tumor cell necrotic cell death and HMGB1 production, indicating that P. aeruginosa can cause immunogenic cell death. The necrotic cell death can further drive a robust anti-tumor response via promoting tumor cell death, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and modulating systemic immune responses and local immune microenvironment in tumor. Moreover, dying tumor cells killed by P. aeruginosa can catalyze DC maturation, which enhanced the antigen-presenting ability of DC cells. These findings demonstrate that P. aeruginosa can induce immunogenic cell death and trigger a robust long-lasting anti-tumor response along with reshaping tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-long Qi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-rong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shu-mei Jin
- Department of Pathology, Yunnan Institute of Materia, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-mei Bai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Cun-bao Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-bing Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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185
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Della Torre L, Nebbioso A, Stunnenberg HG, Martens JHA, Carafa V, Altucci L. The Role of Necroptosis: Biological Relevance and Its Involvement in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040684. [PMID: 33567618 PMCID: PMC7914991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A new form of programmed necrosis called necroptosis has emerged. This new and well-documented type of programmed cell death is involved in several human diseases, including cancer. RIPK1, the main mediator of necroptosis, in response to different stimuli, activates several molecular pathways leading to inflammation, cell survival, or cell death. Targeting necroptosis could be a new strategy for advanced therapies. In this review, we focus on the biological relevance of this type of programmed cell death and its main executor RIPK1 in pathogenesis to find novel potential clinical intervention strategies. Abstract Regulated cell death mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Evasion of cell death is one of the most important hallmarks of cancer. Necroptosis is a caspase independent form of regulated cell death, investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy to eradicate apoptosis resistant cancer cells. The process can be triggered by a variety of stimuli and is controlled by the activation of RIP kinases family as well as MLKL. The well-studied executor, RIPK1, is able to modulate key cellular events through the interaction with several proteins, acting as strategic crossroads of several molecular pathways. Little evidence is reported about its involvement in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize current studies on the biological relevance of necroptosis, its contradictory role in cancer and its function in cell fate control. Targeting necroptosis might be a novel therapeutic intervention strategy in anticancer therapies as a pharmacologically controllable event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Della Torre
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.T.); (A.N.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Hendrik G. Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost H. A. Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.H.A.M.); (V.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +31-024-3610525 (J.H.A.M.); +39-0815665682 (V.C.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.T.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.A.M.); (V.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +31-024-3610525 (J.H.A.M.); +39-0815665682 (V.C.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.T.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.A.M.); (V.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +31-024-3610525 (J.H.A.M.); +39-0815665682 (V.C.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.)
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186
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Samson AL, Garnish SE, Hildebrand JM, Murphy JM. Location, location, location: A compartmentalized view of TNF-induced necroptotic signaling. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/668/eabc6178. [PMID: 33531383 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic, proinflammatory cell death pathway, which has been implicated in host defense and, when dysregulated, the pathology of many human diseases. The central mediators of this pathway are the receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 and the terminal executioner, the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Here, we review the chronology of signaling along the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL axis and highlight how the subcellular compartmentalization of signaling events controls the initiation and execution of necroptosis. We propose that a network of modulators surrounds the necroptotic signaling core and that this network, rather than acting universally, tunes necroptosis in a context-, cell type-, and species-dependent manner. Such a high degree of mechanistic flexibility is likely an important property that helps necroptosis operate as a robust, emergency form of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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187
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Koren E, Fuchs Y. Modes of Regulated Cell Death in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:245-265. [PMID: 33462123 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell suicide pathways, termed regulated cell death (RCD), play a critical role in organismal development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of key RCD modalities, namely apoptosis, entosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. We explore how various RCD modules serve as a defense mechanism against the emergence of cancer as well as the manner in which they can be exploited to drive oncogenesis. Furthermore, we outline current therapeutic agents that activate RCD and consider novel RCD-based strategies for tumor elimination. SIGNIFICANCE: A variety of antitumor therapeutics eliminate cancer cells by harnessing the devastating potential of cellular suicide pathways, emphasizing the critical importance of RCD in battling cancer. This review supplies a mechanistic perspective of distinct RCD modalities and explores the important role they play in tumorigenesis. We discuss how RCD modules serve as a double-edged sword as well as novel approaches aimed at selectively manipulating RCD for tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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188
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Lieberman J. Lighting a Fire: Can We Harness Pyroptosis to Ignite Antitumor Immunity? Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:2-7. [PMID: 33397791 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impressive success of current cancer immunotherapy in some patients but lack of effectiveness in most patients suggests that additional strategies to promote antitumor immunity are needed. How cancer cells die, whether spontaneously or in response to therapeutic intervention, has a profound effect on the type of immune response mobilized. Here, we review research that highlights a previously unappreciated role of gasdermin-mediated inflammatory death (pyroptosis) to promote antitumor immunity and identifies gasdermin E as a tumor suppressor. Immune elimination of tumor cells by natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which is the final key event in antitumor immunity, was previously thought to be noninflammatory. The research shows that gasdermin expression in tumor cells converts immune cell-mediated killing to inflammatory pyroptosis when cell death-inducing granzymes directly cleave and activate gasdermins. Granzyme B cleaves gasdermin E, and granzyme A cleaves gasdermin B. The data suggest the potential to harness pyroptosis in the tumor to ignite an effective immune response to immunologically cold tumors. Gasdermin expression also augments toxicity of cancer therapy-gasdermin E expression by B-cell leukemias and lymphomas is a root cause of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell cytokine storm, and its expression in normal tissues promotes the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Even though our knowledge about the role of pyroptosis in cancer is growing, there is still a lot to learn-what activates it, how it is regulated, when it is beneficial, and how it can be harnessed therapeutically to improve cancer immunotherapy or reduce therapy-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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189
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Modulation of Apoptosis and Cell Death Pathways by Varicella-Zoster Virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 438:59-73. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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190
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Won KY, Min SY, Song JY, Lim SJ, Han SA. Clinical Significance of Receptor-Interacting Protein 3 and Parkin, Essential Molecules for Necroptosis, in Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2021; 24:34-48. [PMID: 33634619 PMCID: PMC7920860 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2021.24.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) is the main initiator of necroptosis. Parkin prevents the formation of the RIP1–RIP3 complex by promoting polyubiquitination of RIP3. However, the mechanism by which necroptosis affects the clinical features of breast cancer and prognosis is not known. Here, we aimed to study the effect of necroptosis on the clinical features and prognosis of breast cancer by assessing the expression of RIP3 and Parkin. Methods Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from 257 cases of breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 4-μm tissue sections from each TMA block. The χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test, and Cox regression proportional hazard model were used for statistical analysis. Results Low RIP3 expression resulted in a large tumor size and high nuclear grade. Low RIP3 expression was correlated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity, short overall survival (OS), and short disease-free survival (DFS). The triple negative breast cancer group with low RIP3 expression and lymph node (LN) positive group with low RIP3 expression had the shortest OS. High Parkin expression was associated with high histological grade, estrogen and/or progesterone receptor negativity, and lymphatic emboli, but was not correlated with OS and DFS. OS was correlated with LN metastasis and RIP3 loss and DFS with large tumor size, LN metastasis, and RIP3 loss. Conclusion Low RIP3 and high Parkin expression are associated with aggressive clinical features in breast cancer. RIP3, a molecular marker of necroptosis, is an independent factor associated with survival in breast cancer. Further in-depth studies are needed to investigate the role of necroptosis in breast cancer development, metastasis, and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeoun Won
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Min
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Song
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jig Lim
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ah Han
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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191
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Zanetti LC, Weinlich R. Necroptosis, the Other Main Caspase-Independent Cell Death. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1301:123-138. [PMID: 34370290 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62026-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past decades witnessed the discovery of novel modes of cell death, such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis, all of them presenting common necrotic traits. In this chapter, we revisit the early discoveries that unveiled necroptosis as a distinct cell death mechanism. We describe necroptosis, its main regulators and their role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and in the disease state. We conclude by discussing its phenotypic similarities with ferroptosis and the possible crosstalk between these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Zanetti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Av. Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Weinlich
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Av. Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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192
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Xie Y, Zhao Y, Shi L, Li W, Chen K, Li M, Chen X, Zhang H, Li T, Matsuzawa-Ishimoto Y, Yao X, Shao D, Ke Z, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Cui J, Cui S, Leng Q, Cadwell K, Li X, Wei H, Zhang H, Li H, Xiao H. Gut epithelial TSC1/mTOR controls RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in intestinal inflammation and cancer. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2111-2128. [PMID: 31961824 DOI: 10.1172/jci133264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Western diet and dysbiosis are the most prominent environmental factors associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), the corresponding host factors and cellular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we report that the TSC1/mTOR pathway in the gut epithelium represents a metabolic and innate immune checkpoint for intestinal dysfunction and inflammation. mTOR hyperactivation triggered by Western diet or Tsc1 ablation led to epithelium necroptosis, barrier disruption, and predisposition to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Mechanistically, our results uncovered a critical role for TSC1/mTOR in restraining the expression and activation of RIPK3 in the gut epithelium through TRIM11-mediated ubiquitination and autophagy-dependent degradation. Notably, microbiota depletion by antibiotics or gnotobiotics attenuated RIPK3 expression and activation, thereby alleviating epithelial necroptosis and colitis driven by mTOR hyperactivation. mTOR primarily impinged on RIPK3 to potentiate necroptosis induced by TNF and by microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and hyperactive mTOR and aberrant necroptosis were intertwined in human IBDs. Together, our data reveal a previously unsuspected link between the Western diet, microbiota, and necroptosis and identify the mTOR/RIPK3/necroptosis axis as a driving force for intestinal inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xie
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China.,Center for Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases & Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Center for Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases & Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Center for Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases & Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Matsuzawa-Ishimoto
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dianhui Shao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qibin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Center for Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases & Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
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193
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Regulated Necrotic Cell Death in Alternative Tumor Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122709. [PMID: 33348858 PMCID: PMC7767016 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tumors requires the induction of cell death. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are administered to kill cancer cells; however, some cancer cells are resistant to these therapies. Therefore, effective treatments require various strategies for the induction of cell death. Regulated cell death (RCD) is systematically controlled by intracellular signaling proteins. Apoptosis and autophagy are types of RCD that are morphologically different from necrosis, while necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are morphologically similar to necrosis. Unlike necrosis, regulated necrotic cell death (RNCD) is caused by disruption of the plasma membrane under the control of specific proteins and induces tissue inflammation. Various types of RNCD, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been used as therapeutic strategies against various tumor types. In this review, the mechanisms of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are described in detail, and a potential effective treatment strategy to increase the anticancer effects on apoptosis- or autophagy-resistant tumor types through the induction of RNCD is suggested.
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194
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Uzunparmak B, Gao M, Lindemann A, Erikson K, Wang L, Lin E, Frank SJ, Gleber-Netto FO, Zhao M, Skinner HD, Newton J, Sikora AG, Myers JN, Pickering CR. Caspase-8 loss radiosensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to SMAC mimetic-induced necroptosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139837. [PMID: 33108350 PMCID: PMC7714407 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 (CASP8) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCCs), and CASP8 mutations are associated with poor survival. The distribution of these mutations in HNSCCs suggests that they are likely to be inactivating. Inhibition of CASP8 has been reported to sensitize cancer cells to necroptosis, a regulated cell death mechanism. Here, we show that knockdown of CASP8 renders HNSCCs susceptible to necroptosis by a second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetic, birinapant, in combination with pan-caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK or emricasan and radiation. In a syngeneic mouse model of oral cancer, birinapant, particularly when combined with radiation, delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival under CASP8 loss. Exploration of molecular underpinnings of necroptosis sensitivity confirmed that the level of functional receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIP3) determines susceptibility to this mode of death. Although an in vitro screen revealed that low RIP3 levels rendered many HNSCC cell lines resistant to necroptosis, patient tumors maintained RIP3 expression and should therefore remain sensitive. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting the necroptosis pathway with SMAC mimetics, especially in combination with radiation, may be relevant therapeutically in HNSCC with compromised CASP8 status, provided that RIP3 function is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Uzunparmak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antje Lindemann
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Erikson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven J. Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederico O. Gleber-Netto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heath D. Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared Newton
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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195
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Tan Y, Sementino E, Cheung M, Peri S, Menges CW, Kukuyan AM, Zhang T, Khazak V, Fox LA, Ross EA, Ramanathan S, Jhanwar SC, Flores RM, Balachandran S, Testa JR. Somatic Epigenetic Silencing of RIPK3 Inactivates Necroptosis and Contributes to Chemoresistance in Malignant Mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1200-1213. [PMID: 33203643 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) phosphorylates effector molecule MLKL to trigger necroptosis. Although RIPK3 loss is seen in several human cancers, its role in malignant mesothelioma is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether RIPK3 functions as a potential tumor suppressor to limit development of malignant mesothelioma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN RIPK3 expression was examined in 66 malignant mesothelioma tumors and cell lines. Promoter methylation and DNMT1 siRNA studies were performed to assess the mode of RIPK3 silencing in RIPK3-deficient malignant mesothelioma cells. Restoration of RIPK3 expression in RIPK3-negative malignant mesothelioma cells, either by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or lentiviral expression of cDNA, was performed to assess effects on cell viability, necrosis, and chemosensitization. RESULTS Loss of RIPK3 expression was observed in 42/66 (63%) primary malignant mesotheliomas and malignant mesothelioma cell lines, and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that downregulation occurs at the transcriptional level, consistent with epigenetic silencing. RIPK3-negative malignant mesothelioma cells treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resulted in reexpression of RIPK3 and chemosensitization. Ectopic expression of RIPK3 also resulted in chemosensitization and led to necroptosis, the latter demonstrated by phosphorylation of downstream target MLKL and confirmed by rescue experiments. Mining of RIPK3 expression and survival outcomes among patients with malignant mesothelioma available from The Cancer Genome Atlas repository revealed that promoter methylation of RIPK3 is associated with reduced RIPK3 expression and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that RIPK3 acts as a tumor suppressor in malignant mesothelioma by triggering necroptosis and that epigenetic silencing of RIPK3 by DNA methylation impairs necroptosis and contributes to chemoresistance and poor survival in this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleonora Sementino
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suraj Peri
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig W Menges
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ting Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lauren A Fox
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric A Ross
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suresh Ramanathan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Suresh C Jhanwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Raja M Flores
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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196
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Sonodynamic therapy-derived multimodal synergistic cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:229-242. [PMID: 33122099 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) represents a promising modality that provides the possibility of non-invasively eliminating solid tumors in a site-directed manner. In light of the complexity and heterogeneity of tumors, more and more studies are attempting to combine SDT with other therapeutic methods so as to achieve better tumor treatment effect, which sheds new light on the potential of SDT-based synergistic therapeutics. Herein, the representative studies of SDT-instructed multimodal synergistic cancer therapy are comprehensively presented, such as sono-chemotherapy, sono-radiotherapy, sono-immunotherapy, and sono-chemodynamic therapy, etc., and their incorporate mechanisms are discussed in detail. The current challenges and future prospects to promote the advanced development of SDT-based nanomedicines in this burgeoning research field are highlighted. It is believed that such an emerging synergistic therapeutic modality based on SDT will play a more significant role in the field of tumor precision treatment medicine.
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197
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Necroptosis in Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer: New Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101431. [PMID: 33050394 PMCID: PMC7599789 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a caspases-independent programmed cell death displaying intermediate features between necrosis and apoptosis. Albeit some physiological roles during embryonic development such tissue homeostasis and innate immune response are documented, necroptosis is mainly considered a pro-inflammatory cell death. Key actors of necroptosis are the receptor-interacting-protein-kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, and their target, the mixed-lineage-kinase-domain-like protein, MLKL. The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest rates of cellular turnover in a process that is tightly regulated. Altered necroptosis at the intestinal epithelium leads to uncontrolled microbial translocation and deleterious inflammation. Indeed, necroptosis plays a role in many disease conditions and inhibiting necroptosis is currently considered a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of necroptosis as well as its involvement in human diseases. We also discuss the present developing therapies that target necroptosis machinery.
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198
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Lomphithak T, Choksi S, Mutirangura A, Tohtong R, Tencomnao T, Usubuchi H, Unno M, Sasano H, Jitkaew S. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 is a key mediator in TLR3 ligand and Smac mimetic-induced cell death and suppresses TLR3 ligand-promoted invasion in cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:161. [PMID: 33036630 PMCID: PMC7545934 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand which activates TLR3 signaling induces both cancer cell death and activates anti-tumor immunity. However, TLR3 signaling can also harbor pro-tumorigenic consequences. Therefore, we examined the status of TLR3 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cases to better understand TLR3 signaling and explore the potential therapeutic target in CCA. METHODS The expression of TLR3 and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in primary CCA tissues was assayed by Immunohistochemical staining and their associations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival data were evaluated. The effects of TLR3 ligand, Poly(I:C) and Smac mimetic, an IAP antagonist on CCA cell death and invasion were determined by cell death detection methods and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL and inhibitors targeting NF-κB and MAPK signaling were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS TLR3 was significantly higher expressed in tumor than adjacent normal tissues. We demonstrated in a panel of CCA cell lines that TLR3 was frequently expressed in CCA cell lines, but was not detected in a nontumor cholangiocyte. Subsequent in vitro study demonstrated that Poly(I:C) specifically induced CCA cell death, but only when cIAPs were removed by Smac mimetic. Cell death was also switched from apoptosis to necroptosis when caspases were inhibited in CCA cells-expressing RIPK3. In addition, RIPK1 was required for Poly(I:C) and Smac mimetic-induced apoptosis and necroptosis. Of particular interest, high TLR3 or low RIPK1 status in CCA patients was associated with more invasiveness. In vitro invasion demonstrated that Poly(I:C)-induced invasion through NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Furthermore, the loss of RIPK1 enhanced Poly(I:C)-induced invasion and ERK activation in vitro. Smac mimetic also reversed Poly(I:C)-induced invasion, partly mediated by RIPK1. Finally, a subgroup of patients with high TLR3 and high RIPK1 had a trend toward longer disease-free survival (p = 0.078, 28.0 months and 10.9 months). CONCLUSION RIPK1 plays a pivotal role in TLR3 ligand, Poly(I:C)-induced cell death when cIAPs activity was inhibited and loss of RIPK1 enhanced Poly(I:C)-induced invasion which was partially reversed by Smac mimetic. Our results suggested that TLR3 ligand in combination with Smac mimetic could provide therapeutic benefits to the patients with CCA. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanpisit Lomphithak
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Swati Choksi
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Rutaiwan Tohtong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Hajime Usubuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 98-8075 Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Siriporn Jitkaew
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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199
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Raden Y, Shlomovitz I, Gerlic M. Necroptotic extracellular vesicles - present and future. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 109:106-113. [PMID: 32988742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-/mixed lineage kinase domain-like(MLKL)-dependent and caspase-independent form of cell death that promotes inflammation. We, and others, have recently shown that necroptotic cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs). This finding has highlighted that the impact of necroptosis extends well beyond its cell death function. In this review, we summarize the general characteristics, biogenesis, and function of EVs, as well as their role in cancer. In addition, we outline our current knowledge regarding necroptotic EVs, including their recently discovered and analyzed proteome. We examine the accumulating evidence for a role for necroptosis in anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we suggest that necroptotic EVs play an important role in the necroptosis-induced immune response and may, therefore, be exploited in cancer immunotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Raden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Shlomovitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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200
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Reduction in MLKL-mediated endosomal trafficking enhances the TRAIL-DR4/5 signal to increase cancer cell death. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:744. [PMID: 32917855 PMCID: PMC7486371 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is an essential molecule of necroptosis, a cell death process that is initiated by direct disruption of the plasma membrane. During necroptosis, MLKL is phosphorylated by receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3 or RIP3), and then translocates to the plasma membrane to disrupt membrane integrity. Recent data suggest that MLKL also has a RIP3-indendent function in the generation of intraluminal and extracellular vesicles (EVs), as well as in myelin sheath breakdown when promoting sciatic nerve regeneration. Here we show that depletion of MLKL enhances TRAIL-induced cell death in a RIP3-independent manner. Depletion of MLKL leads to prolonged cytotoxic signals that increase TRAIL-induced cell death. Initially, TRAIL binds to DR5 at the cell surface and is endocytosed at similar rates in MLKL-expressing and MLKL-depleted cells, eventual degradation of intracellular TRAIL by the lysosome is delayed in MLKL-depleted cells, corresponding with prolonged/enhanced intracellular signals such as p-ERK and p-p38 in these cells. Colocalization of TRAIL with the marker of early endosomes, EEA1 suggests that TRAIL is accumulated in early endosomes in MLKL-depleted cells compared to MLKL-expressing cells. This indicates that depletion of MLKL reduces receptor-ligand endosomal trafficking leading to increased TRAIL-cytotoxicity. An MLKL mutant that compromises its necroptotic function and its function in the generation of EVs was sufficient to rescue MLKL deficiency, suggesting that the N-terminal structural elements necessary for these functions are not required for the function of MLKL in the intracellular trafficking associated with regulating death receptor cytotoxicity. A reduction in MLKL expression in cancer cells would therefore be expected to result in enhanced TRAIL-induced therapeutic efficacy.
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