151
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Nie J, Yu Z, Yao D, Wang F, Zhu C, Sun K, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. Litopenaeus vannamei sirtuin 6 homolog (LvSIRT6) is involved in immune response by modulating hemocytes ROS production and apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:271-284. [PMID: 31968265 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The histone deacetylase, sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), plays an essential role in the regulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and inflammation in mammals. However, the specific role of SIRT6 in invertebrate immunity has not been reported. Here, we characterized for the first time, a sirtuin 6 homolog in Litopenaeus vannamei (LvSIRT6), with full-length cDNA of 2919 bp and 1536 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 511 amino acids, which contains a typical SIR2 domain. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvSIRT6 shares a close evolutionary relationship with SIRT6 from invertebrates. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of LvSIRT6 transcripts revealed that they were ubiquitously expressed in shrimp and induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), suggesting the involvement of LvSIRT6 in shrimp immune response. Moreover, knockdown of LvSIRT6 decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased total ROS level in hemocytes, especially upon V. parahaemolyticus challenge. Depletion of LvSIRT6 also increased hemocytes apoptosis in terms of decreased expression of pro-survival LvBcl-2, but increased expression of pro-apoptotic LvBax and LvCytochrome C, coupled with high LvCaspase3/7 activity. Shrimp were rendered more susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus infection upon LvSIRT6 knockdown. Taken together, our present data suggest that LvSIRT6 plays an important role in shrimp immune response by modulating hemocytes ROS production and apoptosis during pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Nie
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhixue Yu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Kaihui Sun
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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152
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Kasai S, Shimizu S, Tatara Y, Mimura J, Itoh K. Regulation of Nrf2 by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Physiology and Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020320. [PMID: 32079324 PMCID: PMC7072240 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and signaling molecules that control various cellular functions. Nrf2 governs the gene expression of endogenous antioxidant synthesis and ROS-eliminating enzymes in response to various electrophilic compounds that inactivate the negative regulator Keap1. Accumulating evidence has shown that mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) activate Nrf2, often mediated by certain protein kinases, and induce the expression of antioxidant genes and genes involved in mitochondrial quality/quantity control. Mild physiological stress, such as caloric restriction and exercise, elicits beneficial effects through a process known as “mitohormesis”. Exercise induces NOX4 expression in the heart, which activates Nrf2 and increases endurance capacity. Mice transiently depleted of SOD2 or overexpressing skeletal muscle-specific UCP1 exhibit Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression and PGC1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. ATF4 activation may induce a transcriptional program that enhances NADPH synthesis in the mitochondria and might cooperate with the Nrf2 antioxidant system. In response to severe oxidative stress, Nrf2 induces Klf9 expression, which represses mtROS-eliminating enzymes to enhance cell death. Nrf2 is inactivated in certain pathological conditions, such as diabetes, but Keap1 down-regulation or mtROS elimination rescues Nrf2 expression and improves the pathology. These reports aid us in understanding the roles of Nrf2 in pathophysiological alterations involving mtROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Nature & Wellness Research, Innovation Division, Kagome Co., Ltd. Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5158
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153
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Al-Azzam N. Sirtuin 6 and metabolic genes interplay in Warburg effect in cancers. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:169-175. [PMID: 32523242 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Under oxygen availability, normal cells undergo mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to metabolize glucose and yield up to 36 ATPs per glucose molecule for cellular functions, and undergo non-oxidative metabolism (glycolysis) under hypoxic and proliferating conditions to yield 2 ATP per glucose. These cells metabolize glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis followed by conversion of pyruvate to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase. However, cancer cells have the ability to undergo glycolysis and ferment glucose to lactate regardless of oxygen availability; a phenomenon first addressed by Otto Warburg and called, "Warburg effect". Numerous glycolytic genes/proteins have been identified in tumors; that include glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase-M2 splice isoform (PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-A). Histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), an epigenetic regulator, is highly expressed in various cancers. SIRT6 plays an important role in Warburg effect by regulating many glycolytic genes. Loss of SIRT6 enhances tumor growth via enhancing glycolysis. This review is mainly concerned with exploring the most recent advances in understanding the roles of the metabolic genes (GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, and LDH-A) and the epigenetic regulator SIRT6 in cancer metabolism and how SIRT6 can modulate these metabolic genes expression and its possible use as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosayba Al-Azzam
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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154
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Ding C, Zou Q, Wu Y, Lu J, Qian C, Li H, Huang B. EGF released from human placental mesenchymal stem cells improves premature ovarian insufficiency via NRF2/HO-1 activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2992-3009. [PMID: 32040445 PMCID: PMC7041770 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Human placental mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) have the ability to release cytokines and to differentiate into the three germ layers. To date, the relevance of hPMSCs for the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) disease through the regulation of oxidative stress is still unclear. Therefore, to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency and investigate the mechanism of hPMSCs, we generated a mouse model of POI and collected human ovarian granule cells (hGCs) from patients with POI. hPMSCs displayed therapeutic effects on POI ovarian function, including recovered follicular numbers and increased expression of oocyte markers. Furthermore, secretion of the cytokine EGF (epidermal growth factor) was higher from hPMSCs than it was from other cells. FACS and Western blot analyses showed that EGF elevated the proliferation and reduced the apoptosis in hGCs. hPMSCs and EGF inhibited oxidative stress levels. Protein assays demonstrated that EGF suppressed oxidative stress by dose-dependently upregulating the expression of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway, and it inhibited the apoptosis by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings provide an experimental foundation for hPMSCs in improving ovarian function through the secretion of EGF. The mechanism of action of EGF is related to protection from oxidative stress by activation of the NRF2/HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Ding
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Qinyan Zou
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiafeng Lu
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Chunfeng Qian
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Boxian Huang
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
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155
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Jin Z, Xiao Y, Yao F, Wang B, Zheng Z, Gao H, Lv X, Chen L, He Y, Wang W, Lin R. SIRT6 inhibits cholesterol crystal-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction via Nrf2 activation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 387:111744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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156
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Rezazadeh S, Yang D, Tombline G, Simon M, Regan SP, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. SIRT6 promotes transcription of a subset of NRF2 targets by mono-ADP-ribosylating BAF170. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7914-7928. [PMID: 31216030 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 is critical for activating transcription of Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) responsive genes during oxidative stress. However, while the mechanism of SIRT6-mediated silencing is well understood, the mechanism of SIRT6-mediated transcriptional activation is unknown. Here, we employed SIRT6 separation of function mutants to reveal that SIRT6 mono-ADP-ribosylation activity is required for transcriptional activation. We demonstrate that SIRT6 mono-ADP-ribosylation of BAF170, a subunit of BAF chromatin remodeling complex, is critical for activation of a subset of NRF2 responsive genes upon oxidative stress. We show that SIRT6 recruits BAF170 to enhancer region of the Heme oxygenase-1 locus and promotes recruitment of RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, SIRT6 mediates the formation of the active chromatin 10-kb loop at the HO-1 locus, which is absent in SIRT6 deficient tissue. These results provide a novel mechanism for SIRT6-mediated transcriptional activation, where SIRT6 mono-ADP-ribosylates and recruits chromatin remodeling proteins to mediate the formation of active chromatin loop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Yang
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | | | - Sean P Regan
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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157
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Lee J, Kim OH, Lee SC, Kim KH, Shin JS, Hong HE, Choi HJ, Kim SJ. Enhanced Therapeutic Potential of the Secretome Released from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by PGC-1α-Driven Upregulation of Mitochondrial Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225589. [PMID: 31717375 PMCID: PMC6888642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor λ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a potent regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the secretome released from the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) transfected with PGC-1α (PGC-secretome). We first generated PGC-1α-overexpressing ASCs by transfecting ASCs with the plasmids harboring the gene encoding PGC-1α. Secretory materials released from PGC-1α-overexpressing ASCs were collected and their therapeutic potential was determined using in vitro (thioacetamide (TAA)-treated AML12 cells) and in vivo (70% partial hepatectomized mice) models of liver injury. In the TAA-treated AML12 cells, the PGC-secretome significantly increased cell viability, promoted expression of proliferation-related markers, such as PCNA and p-STAT, and significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the mice, PGC-secretome injections significantly increased liver tissue expression of proliferation-related markers more than normal secretome injections did (p < 0.05). We demonstrated that the PGC-secretome does not only have higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but also has the potential of significantly enhancing liver regeneration in both in vivo and in vitro models of liver injury. Thus, reinforcing the mitochondrial antioxidant potential by transfecting ASCs with PGC-1α could be one of the effective strategies to enhance the therapeutic potential of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeim Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 11765, Korea; (J.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (O.-H.K.); (J.S.S.); (H.-E.H.); (H.J.C.)
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 34943, Korea;
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 11765, Korea; (J.L.); (K.-H.K.)
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Shin
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (O.-H.K.); (J.S.S.); (H.-E.H.); (H.J.C.)
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (O.-H.K.); (J.S.S.); (H.-E.H.); (H.J.C.)
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (O.-H.K.); (J.S.S.); (H.-E.H.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (O.-H.K.); (J.S.S.); (H.-E.H.); (H.J.C.)
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +822-535-0070
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158
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Jung KT, Oh SH. Poly-ubiquitinated p62/SQSTM1-mediated hemeoxygenase-1 stabilization plays a critical role in cadmium-induced apoptosis of mouse monocyte Raw264.7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:409-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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159
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Zhang N, Yang X, Yuan F, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang L, Mao Z, Luo J, Zhang H, Zhu WG, Zhao Y. Increased Amino Acid Uptake Supports Autophagy-Deficient Cell Survival upon Glutamine Deprivation. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3006-3020. [PMID: 29874586 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a protein degradation process by which intracellular materials are recycled for energy homeostasis. However, the metabolic status and energy source of autophagy-defective tumor cells are poorly understood. Here, our data show that amino acid uptake from the extracellular environment is increased in autophagy-deficient cells upon glutamine deprivation. This elevated amino acid uptake results from activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-dependent upregulation of AAT (amino acid transporter) gene expression. Furthermore, we identify SIRT6, a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, as a corepressor of ATF4 transcriptional activity. In autophagy-deficient cells, activated NRF2 enhances ATF4 transcriptional activity by disrupting the interaction between SIRT6 and ATF4. In this way, autophagy-deficient cells exhibit increased AAT expression and show increased amino acid uptake. Notably, inhibition of amino acid uptake reduces the viability of glutamine-deprived autophagy-deficient cells, but not significantly in wild-type cells, suggesting reliance of autophagy-deficient tumor cells on extracellular amino acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fengjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zebin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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160
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Kanwal A, Pillai VB, Samant S, Gupta M, Gupta MP. The nuclear and mitochondrial sirtuins, Sirt6 and Sirt3, regulate each other's activity and protect the heart from developing obesity-mediated diabetic cardiomyopathy. FASEB J 2019; 33:10872-10888. [PMID: 31318577 PMCID: PMC6766651 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900767r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (Sirts) are implicated in regulating a myriad of biologic functions ranging from cell growth and metabolism to longevity. Here, we show that nuclear Sirt, Sirt6, and mitochondrial Sirt, Sirt3, regulate each other's activity and protect the heart from developing diabetic cardiomyopathy. We found that expression of both Sirt6 and Sirt3 was reduced in cardiomyocytes treated with palmitate and in hearts of mice fed with a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet to develop obesity and diabetes. Conversely, whole-body overexpressing Sirt6 transgenic (Tg.Sirt6) mice were protected from developing obesity and insulin resistance when fed with the same HF-HS diet. The hearts of Tg.Sirt6 mice were also protected from mitochondrial fragmentation and decline of Sirt3, resulting otherwise from HF-HS diet feeding. Mechanistic studies showed that Sirt3 preserves Sirt6 levels by reducing oxidative stress, whereas Sirt6 maintains Sirt3 levels by up-regulating nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent Sirt3 gene transcription. We found that Sirt6 regulates Nrf2-mediated cardiac gene expression in 2 ways; first, Sirt6 suppresses expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a negative regulator of Nrf2, and second, Sirt6 binds to Nrf2 and antagonizes its interaction with Keap1, thereby stabilizing Nrf2 levels in cardiomyocytes. Together, these studies demonstrate that Sirt6 and Sirt3 maintain each other's activity and protect the heart from developing diabetic cardiomyopathy.-Kanwal, A., Pillai, V. B., Samant, S., Gupta, M., Gupta, M. P. The nuclear and mitochondrial sirtuins, Sirt6 and Sirt3, regulate each other's activity and protect the heart from developing obesity-mediated diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vinodkumar B. Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sadhana Samant
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mahesh P. Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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161
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Shaw P, Chattopadhyay A. Nrf2–ARE signaling in cellular protection: Mechanism of action and the regulatory mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3119-3130. [PMID: 31549397 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Shaw
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology and Cancer Biology Laboratory Visva‐Bharati Santiniketan West Bengal India
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology and Cancer Biology Laboratory Visva‐Bharati Santiniketan West Bengal India
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162
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Chen P, Chen F, Zhou BH. Leonurine ameliorates D-galactose-induced aging in mice through activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7339-7356. [PMID: 31527304 PMCID: PMC6782004 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex physiological phenomenon associated with oxidative stress damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of leonurine on D-galactose-induced aging in mice and its possible mechanisms. In this study, we first tested the antioxidant activity of leonurine in vitro. A subcutaneous injection of D-galactose in mice for 8 weeks was used to establish the aging model to evaluate the protective effects of leonurine. The results showed that treatment with 150 mg·kg-1 leonurine could improve the mental condition, organic index, and behavioural impairment; significantly increase the activities of antioxidative enzymes including SOD, CAT, and T-AOC; and ameliorate the advanced glycation end product (AGE) level and histopathological injury. Furthermore, the Western blotting data revealed that leonurine supplementation noticeably modulated the suppression of the Nrf2 pathway and upregulated the downstream expression of HO-1 and NOQ1 in aging mice. Additionally, leonurine treatment activated Nrf2 nuclear translocation in both aging mice and normal young mice, and the expression levels of Nrf2 in normal young mice was higher than those in naturally aging mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that leonurine is a promising agent for attenuating the aging process, and the underlying molecular mechanisms depend on activating the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, P.R. China
| | - Ben-hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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163
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Yang Y, Tian T, Wang Y, Li Z, Xing K, Tian G. SIRT6 protects vascular endothelial cells from angiotensin II-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by promoting the activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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164
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Chang AR, Ferrer CM, Mostoslavsky R. SIRT6, a Mammalian Deacylase with Multitasking Abilities. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:145-169. [PMID: 31437090 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins have emerged in recent years as critical modulators of multiple biological processes, regulating cellular metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and mitochondrial biology. As such, they evolved to play key roles in organismal homeostasis, and defects in these proteins have been linked to a plethora of diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of SIRT6, a chromatin deacylase with unique and important functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. We attempt to provide a framework for such different functions, for the ability of SIRT6 to interconnect chromatin dynamics with metabolism and DNA repair, and the open questions the field will face in the future, particularly in the context of putative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chang
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christina M Ferrer
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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165
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Deng L, Ren R, Liu Z, Song M, Li J, Wu Z, Ren X, Fu L, Li W, Zhang W, Guillen P, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Chan P, Qu J, Liu GH. Stabilizing heterochromatin by DGCR8 alleviates senescence and osteoarthritis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3329. [PMID: 31350386 PMCID: PMC6659673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (DGCR8) is a critical component of the canonical microprocessor complex for microRNA biogenesis. However, the non-canonical functions of DGCR8 have not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that DGCR8 plays an important role in maintaining heterochromatin organization and attenuating aging. An N-terminal-truncated version of DGCR8 (DR8dex2) accelerated senescence in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) independent of its microRNA-processing activity. Further studies revealed that DGCR8 maintained heterochromatin organization by interacting with the nuclear envelope protein Lamin B1, and heterochromatin-associated proteins, KAP1 and HP1γ. Overexpression of any of these proteins, including DGCR8, reversed premature senescent phenotypes in DR8dex2 hMSCs. Finally, DGCR8 was downregulated in pathologically and naturally aged hMSCs, whereas DGCR8 overexpression alleviated hMSC aging and mouse osteoarthritis. Taken together, these analyses uncovered a novel, microRNA processing-independent role in maintaining heterochromatin organization and attenuating senescence by DGCR8, thus representing a new therapeutic target for alleviating human aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Deng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Fu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro Guillen
- Clinica Cemtro. Av. del Ventisquero de la Condesa, 42, 28035, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Piu Chan
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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Sun D, Song H, Shen Z. [Research progress in mesenchymal stem cells modified by Heme oxygenase 1]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:901-906. [PMID: 31298011 PMCID: PMC8337431 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201812079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature reports on research progress of Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS The significance, effects, and related mechanism of HO-1 modification of MSCs were summarized by consulting the related literatures and reports of HO-1 modification of MSCs. RESULTS HO-1 modification of MSCs has important research value. It can effectively enhance the anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic properties of MSCs in complex internal environment after transplantation into vivo. It can also effectively enhance the immune regulation function of MSCs. It can improve the anti-injury, repair, and immune regulation effect of MSCs in various disease models and research fields. CONCLUSION The basic research of HO-1 modified MSCs has made remarkable progress, which is expected to be applied in clinical trials and provide theoretical basis and reference value for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- The First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, P.R.China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192,
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, P.R.China
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167
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Ma S, Fan L, Cao F. Combating cellular senescence by sirtuins: Implications for atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1822-1830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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168
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Qin Y, Cao L, Hu L. Sirtuin 6 mitigated LPS-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells inflammatory responses through modulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11305-11317. [PMID: 30784091 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects the lung from sepsis-induced injury through activating Nrf2-regulated multiple phase 2 detoxification genes, including NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO1). Based on the positive effect of Sirtuin 6 on Nrf2, we aim to explore the potential role of SIRT6 in the mechanism of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS Mouse models of sepsis were constructed by instilling intratracheal of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 4 ml/kg). After 48-hour treatment, lung tissues were collected to measure the degree of lung injury. The SIRT6, siSIRT6, and siNrf2 plasmids were cotransfected into various concentrations of LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 μg/ml) using Lipofectamine 2000. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression levels of SIRT6, Nrf2, NQO1, and HO1 was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Lung tissues in the model group already had basic characteristics of ALI. Compared with the control model, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were much higher (P < 0.01), the levels of SIRT6, Nrf2, and Nrf2-modulated detoxification factors were downregulated (P < 0.01). SIRT6 overexpression decreased the apoptosis below to 10% (P < 0.01), significantly increased the Nrf2 expression, effectively inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 releases, and enhanced NQO1 and HO1 levels (P < 0.01). siNrf2 abolished the protective effects of SIRT6 overexpression, including increasing apoptosis and inhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidative genes expressions (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested SIRT6 positively regulated Nrf2 expression and activated Nrf2-regulated anti-inflammatory and antioxidative enzymes, which could effectively mitigate LPS-induced HUVECs inflammatory responses. This might reflect the mechanism of ALI induced by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- ICU, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Jingzhou, China
| | - Lirong Cao
- Medical Department, Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lili Hu
- ICU, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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169
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Geng L, Liu Z, Zhang W, Li W, Wu Z, Wang W, Ren R, Su Y, Wang P, Sun L, Ju Z, Chan P, Song M, Qu J, Liu GH. Chemical screen identifies a geroprotective role of quercetin in premature aging. Protein Cell 2019; 10:417-435. [PMID: 30069858 PMCID: PMC6538594 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging increases the risk of various diseases. The main goal of aging research is to find therapies that attenuate aging and alleviate aging-related diseases. In this study, we screened a natural product library for geroprotective compounds using Werner syndrome (WS) human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a premature aging model that we recently established. Ten candidate compounds were identified and quercetin was investigated in detail due to its leading effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that quercetin alleviated senescence via the enhancement of cell proliferation and restoration of heterochromatin architecture in WS hMSCs. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed the transcriptional commonalities and differences in the geroprotective effects by quercetin and Vitamin C. Besides WS hMSCs, quercetin also attenuated cellular senescence in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and physiological-aging hMSCs. Taken together, our study identifies quercetin as a geroprotective agent against accelerated and natural aging in hMSCs, providing a potential therapeutic intervention for treating age-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Geng
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Su
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liang Sun
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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170
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Sun GL, Huang D, Li KR, Jiang Q. microRNA-4532 inhibition protects human lens epithelial cells from ultra-violet-induced oxidative injury via activating SIRT6-Nrf2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:777-784. [PMID: 31079921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-violet radiation (UVR) can induce significant oxidative injury to human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is shown to directly bind to Nrf2, essential for Nrf2 signaling activation. In the present study, we show that microRNA-4532 (miR-4532) targets SIRT6 to regulate Nrf2 signaling in HLECs. Ectopic overexpression of miR-4532 in HLECs decreased SIRT6 3'-UTR activity, causing SIRT6 downregulation and Nrf2 signaling inhibition. Conversely, miR-4532 inhibition, by a lentiviral construct, enhanced SIRT6 3'-UTR activity, SIRT6 expression and Nrf2 signaling activation. Functional studies show that UVR-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HLECs were potentiated by miR-4532 overexpression, Nrf2 depletion or SIRT6 shRNA. Conversely, miR-4532 inhibition or ectopic SIRT6 overexpression attenuated UVR-induced oxidative injury in HLECs. Importantly, miR-4532 overexpression or inhibition was ineffective in SIRT6-KO or Nrf2-KO HLECs. Taken together, the results show that inhibition of miR-4532 protects HLECs from UVR-induced oxidative injury via activation of SIRT6-Nrf2 pathway. Targeting the miR-4532-SIRT6-Nrf2 pathway could be a novel strategy to protect HLECs from UVR and possible other oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Li Sun
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dan Huang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ke-Ran Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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171
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Lim SH, Lee J. Supplementation with psyllium seed husk reduces myocardial damage in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:205-213. [PMID: 31214288 PMCID: PMC6548711 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by extensive myocardial damage attributed to the occlusion of coronary arteries. Our previous study in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) demonstrated that administration of arabinoxylan (AX), comprising arabinose and xylose, protects against myocardial injury. In this study, we undertook to investigate whether psyllium seed husk (PSH), a safe dietary fiber containing a high level of AX (> 50%), also imparts protection against myocardial injury in the same rat model. MATERIALS/METHODS Rats were fed diets supplemented with PSH (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d) for 3 d. The rats were then subjected to 30 min ischemia through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 3 h reperfusion through release of the ligation. The hearts were harvested and cut into four slices. To assess infarct size (IS), an index representing heart damage, the slices were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). To elucidate underlying mechanisms, Western blotting was performed for the slices. RESULTS Supplementation with 10 or 100 mg/kg/d of PSH significantly reduces the IS. PSH supplementation (100 mg/kg/d) tends to reduce caspase-3 generation and increase BCL-2/BAX ratio. PSH supplementation also upregulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and its target genes including antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). PSH supplementation upregulates some sirtuins (NAD+-dependent deacetylases) including SIRT5 (a mitochondrial sirtuin) and SIRT6 and SIRT7 (nuclear sirtuins). Finally, PSH supplementation upregulates the expression of protein kinase A (PKA), and increases phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) (pCREB), a target protein of PKA. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study indicate that PSH consumption reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats by inhibiting the apoptotic cascades through modulation of gene expression of several genes located upstream of apoptosis. Therefore, we believe that PSH can be developed as a functional food that would be beneficial in the prevention of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ha Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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172
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Rescue of premature aging defects in Cockayne syndrome stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene correction. Protein Cell 2019; 11:1-22. [PMID: 31037510 PMCID: PMC6949206 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by a variety of clinical features, including increased sensitivity to sunlight, progressive neurological abnormalities, and the appearance of premature aging. However, the pathogenesis of CS remains unclear due to the limitations of current disease models. Here, we generate integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts from a CS patient bearing mutations in CSB/ERCC6 gene and further derive isogenic gene-corrected CS-iPSCs (GC-iPSCs) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. CS-associated phenotypic defects are recapitulated in CS-iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs), both of which display increased susceptibility to DNA damage stress. Premature aging defects in CS-MSCs are rescued by the targeted correction of mutant ERCC6. We next map the transcriptomic landscapes in CS-iPSCs and GC-iPSCs and their somatic stem cell derivatives (MSCs and NSCs) in the absence or presence of ultraviolet (UV) and replicative stresses, revealing that defects in DNA repair account for CS pathologies. Moreover, we generate autologous GC-MSCs free of pathogenic mutation under a cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)-compliant condition, which hold potential for use as improved biomaterials for future stem cell replacement therapy for CS. Collectively, our models demonstrate novel disease features and molecular mechanisms and lay a foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat CS.
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173
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Ribeiro Júnior G, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Belotti L, Dos Santos Alemany AA, Amato-Lourenço LF, da Cunha PG, de Oliveira Duro S, Ribeiro SP, Veras MM, Quirino Dos Santos Lopes FDT, Marcourakis T, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Poliselli Farsky SH, Mauad T. Diesel exhaust exposure intensifies inflammatory and structural changes associated with lung aging in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:314-323. [PMID: 30530184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing worldwide. Lung aging is a process marked by changes in multiple morphological, physiological and age-related biomarkers (e.g., sirtuins) and is influenced by external factors, such as air pollution. Hence, the elderly are considered more vulnerable to the air pollution hazards. We hypothesized that diesel exhaust (DE) exposure intensifies changes in lung inflammatory and structural parameters in aging subjects. Two- and fifteen-month-old mice were exposed to DE for 30 days. Lung function was measured using the forced oscillation method. The inflammatory profile was evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood, and lung volumes were estimated by stereology. Antioxidant enzyme activity was evaluated by spectrophotometry, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) expression was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and levels of the sirtuin proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in lung tissues. Older mice presented decreased pulmonary resistance and elastance, increased macrophage infiltration and decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels in the BALF, reduced activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and increased activity glutathione S-transferase (GST); increased lung volumes with decreased elastic fiber and increased airway collagen content. SIRT1 gene expression was decreased in older animals, but protein levels were increased. DE exposure increased macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress in the lungs of animals of both ages. SIRT6 gene expression was decreased by DE exposure, with increased protein levels. In older animals, DE affected lung structure and collagen content. Lung aging features, such as decreased antioxidant reserves, lower IL-10 expression, and decreased SIRT1 levels may predispose subjects to exacerbated responses after DE exposure. Our data support the hypothesis that strategies designed to reduce ambient air pollution are an important step towards healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ribeiro Júnior
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo - School of Medicine, LIM05 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciano Belotti
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo - School of Medicine, LIM05 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Gabriela da Cunha
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephanie de Oliveira Duro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- Department Clinical Medicine, LIM60 University of São Paulo - School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo - School of Medicine, LIM05 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo - School of Medicine, LIM05 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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174
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Fu L, Hu Y, Song M, Liu Z, Zhang W, Yu FX, Wu J, Wang S, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Chan P, Qu J, Tang F, Liu GH. Up-regulation of FOXD1 by YAP alleviates senescence and osteoarthritis. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000201. [PMID: 30933975 PMCID: PMC6459557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a driver of various aging-associated disorders, including osteoarthritis. Here, we identified a critical role for Yes-associated protein (YAP), a major effector of Hippo signaling, in maintaining a younger state of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and ameliorating osteoarthritis in mice. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 nuclease (Cas9)-mediated knockout (KO) of YAP in hMSCs resulted in premature cellular senescence. Mechanistically, YAP cooperated with TEA domain transcriptional factor (TEAD) to activate the expression of forkhead box D1 (FOXD1), a geroprotective protein. YAP deficiency led to the down-regulation of FOXD1. In turn, overexpression of YAP or FOXD1 rejuvenated aged hMSCs. Moreover, intra-articular administration of lentiviral vector encoding YAP or FOXD1 attenuated the development of osteoarthritis in mice. Collectively, our findings reveal YAP–FOXD1, a novel aging-associated regulatory axis, as a potential target for gene therapy to alleviate osteoarthritis. The Hippo signalling effector YAP and the transcription factor FOXD1 play a role in alleviating cellular senescence and osteoarthritis, identifying the YAP-FOXD1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for aging-associated disorders. Stem cell aging contributes to aging-associated degenerative diseases. Studies aiming to characterize the mechanisms of stem cell aging are critical for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the aging process and developing novel strategies to treat aging-related diseases. As a prevalent aging-associated chronic joint disorder, osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability. Senescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) residing in the joint may be a critical target for the prevention of osteoarthritis; however, the key regulators of MSC senescence are little known, and targeting aging regulatory genes for the treatment of osteoarthritis has not yet been reported. Here, we show that Yes-associated protein (YAP), a major effector of Hippo signaling, represses human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) senescence through transcriptional up-regulation of forkhead box D1 (FOXD1). Lentiviral gene transfer of YAP or FOXD1 can rejuvenate aged hMSCs and ameliorate osteoarthritis symptoms in mouse models. We propose that the YAP–FOXD1 axis is a novel target for combating aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiong Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Moshi Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Si Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Piu Chan
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JQ); (FT); (GHL)
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JQ); (FT); (GHL)
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JQ); (FT); (GHL)
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175
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Wang Y, Li S, Liu M, Wang J, Fei Z, Wang F, Jiang Z, Huang W, Sun H. Rhodosporidium toruloides sir2-like genes remodelled the mitochondrial network to improve the phenotypes of ageing cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:64-75. [PMID: 30599259 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is known that mitochondria are associated with the ageing process, and the eukaryotic sir2 family of genes significantly affects cellular lifespan. The mammalian sir2 family affects mitochondrial function by regulating targets in different pathways, including oxidative stress, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biosynthesis. This study reports that Rt-sirtuin2 and Rt-sirtuin4 genes transfections significantly impacted the lifespan of Rhodosporidium toruloides, and they can significantly improve cellular responses to H2O2 treatment, which induces cell senescence, and restore mitochondrial function. The Rt-sirtuin2 and Rt-sirtuin4 genes increase the expression of the mitochondria-associated proteins Mfn1, Mfn2, and Drp1 and the autophagy-associated proteins LC3-II, LC3-I, Beclin-1 and Parkin and reconstitute mitochondrial networks. Overall, the phenotypic reversal of senescent cells is achieved by regulating mitochondrial viability and mitochondrial autophagy. In vivo experiments with animals also confirmed the improvement of various ageing indexes by the Rt-sirtuin2 and Rt-sirtuin4 genes. Strategies for remodelling mitochondria and improving mitochondrial quality and function can reverse the state of human cells from an ageing phenotype to an active metabolic phenotype. The R. toruloides Sir2 genes can be used to prevent and treat diseases of ageing or mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengge Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengbin Fei
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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176
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Kwon J, Lee S, Kim YN, Lee IH. Deacetylation of CHK2 by SIRT1 protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DNA damage response. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-9. [PMID: 30902968 PMCID: PMC6430805 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that metabolic signaling pathways are interconnected to DNA damage response (DDR). However, factors that link metabolism to DDR remain incompletely understood. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates metabolism and aging, has been shown to protect cells from DDR. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT1 protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DDR by binding and deacetylating checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2). We first showed that essential proteins in DDR were hyperacetylated in Sirt1-deficient cells and that among them, the level of acetylated CHK2 was highly increased. We found that Sirt1 formed molecular complexes with CHK2, BRCA1/BRCA2-associated helicase 1 (BACH1), tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), and H2AX, all of which are key factors in response to DNA damage. We then demonstrated that CHK2 was normally inhibited by SIRT1 via deacetylation but dissociated with SIRT1 under oxidative stress conditions. This led to acetylation and activation of CHK2, which increased cell death under oxidative stress conditions. Our data also indicated that SIRT1 deacetylated the K235 and K249 residues of CHK2, whose acetylation increased cell death in response to oxidative stress. Thus, SIRT1, a metabolic sensor, protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DDR by the deacetylation of CHK2. Our findings suggest a crucial function of SIRT1 in inhibiting CHK2 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suhee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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177
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Harlan BA, Pehar M, Killoy KM, Vargas MR. Enhanced SIRT6 activity abrogates the neurotoxic phenotype of astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutant SOD1. FASEB J 2019; 33:7084-7091. [PMID: 30841754 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802752r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+-dependent deacylases that play a key role in transcription, DNA repair, metabolism, and oxidative stress resistance. Increasing NAD+ availability regulates endogenous SIRT activity, leading to increased resistance to oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen production in multiple cell types and disease models. This protection, at least in part, depends on the activation of antioxidant mitochondrial proteins. We now show that increasing total NAD+ content in astrocytes leads to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor, erythroid-derived 2, like 2 (Nfe2l2 or Nrf2) and up-regulation of the antioxidant proteins heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and sulfiredoxin 1 (SRXN1). Nrf2 activation also occurs as a result of SIRT6 overexpression. Mutations in Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Astrocytes isolated from mutant human SOD1-overexpressing mice induce motor neuron death in coculture. Treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide or nicotinamide riboside increases total NAD+ content in ALS astrocytes and abrogates their toxicity toward cocultured motor neurons. The observed neuroprotection depends on SIRT6 expression in astrocytes. Moreover, overexpression of SIRT6 in astrocytes by itself abrogates the neurotoxic phenotype of ALS astrocytes. Our results identify SIRT6 as a potential therapeutic target to prevent astrocyte-mediated motor neuron death in ALS.-Harlan, B. A., Pehar, M., Killoy, K. M., Vargas, M. R. Enhanced SIRT6 activity abrogates the neurotoxic phenotype of astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutant SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Harlan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kelby M Killoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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178
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Fang Y, Tang S, Li X. Sirtuins in Metabolic and Epigenetic Regulation of Stem Cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:177-188. [PMID: 30630664 PMCID: PMC6382540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are highly conserved NAD+-dependent enzymes that are capable of removing a wide range of lipid lysine acyl-groups from protein substrates in a NAD+-dependent manner. These NAD+-dependent activities enable sirtuins to monitor cellular energy status and modulate gene transcription, genome stability, and energy metabolism in response to environmental signals. Consequently, sirtuins are important for cell survival, stress resistance, proliferation, and differentiation. In recent years, sirtuins are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of stem cell biology in addition to their well-known roles in metabolism and aging. This review article highlights our current knowledge on sirtuins in stem cells, including their functions in pluripotent stem cells, embryogenesis, and development as well as their roles in adult stem cell maintenance, regeneration, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuang Tang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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179
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Zhang X, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang S, Zhang Y, He X, Sun S, Ma S, Shyh-Chang N, Liu F, Wang Q, Wang X, Liu L, Zhang W, Song M, Liu GH, Qu J. Telomere-dependent and telomere-independent roles of RAP1 in regulating human stem cell homeostasis. Protein Cell 2019; 10:649-667. [PMID: 30796637 PMCID: PMC6711945 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RAP1 is a well-known telomere-binding protein, but its functions in human stem cells have remained unclear. Here we generated RAP1-deficient human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and obtained RAP1-deficient human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and neural stem cells (hNSCs) via directed differentiation. In both hMSCs and hNSCs, RAP1 not only negatively regulated telomere length but also acted as a transcriptional regulator of RELN by tuning the methylation status of its gene promoter. RAP1 deficiency enhanced self-renewal and delayed senescence in hMSCs, but not in hNSCs, suggesting complicated lineage-specific effects of RAP1 in adult stem cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate for the first time that RAP1 plays both telomeric and nontelomeric roles in regulating human stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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180
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Cakouros D, Gronthos S. Epigenetic Regulation of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Aging: Revealing Epigenetic Signatures associated with Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging. Aging Dis 2019; 10:174-189. [PMID: 30705777 PMCID: PMC6345334 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we explore the importance of epigenetics as a contributing factor for aging adult stem cells. We summarize the latest findings of epigenetic factors deregulated as adult stem cells age and the consequence on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, with a focus on adult stem cells in the bone marrow. With the latest whole genome bisulphite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitations we are able to decipher an emerging pattern common for adult stem cells in the bone marrow niche and how this might correlate to epigenetic enzymes deregulated during aging. We begin by briefly discussing the initial observations in yeast, drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) that led to the breakthrough research that identified the role of epigenetic changes associated with lifespan and aging. We then focus on adult stem cells, specifically in the bone marrow, which lends strong support for the deregulation of DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, acetylates, methyltransferases and demethylases in aging stem cells, and how their corresponding epigenetic modifications influence gene expression and the aging phenotype. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications we envisage “epi” targeted therapy as a means to reprogram aged stem cells into their younger counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Cakouros
- 1Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,2South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- 1Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,2South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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181
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Yu J, Sun W, Song Y, Liu J, Xue F, Gong K, Yang X, Kang Q. SIRT6 protects retinal ganglion cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by promoting Nrf2/ARE signaling via inhibition of Bach1. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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182
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Du Z, Wang Q, Ma G, Jiao J, Jiang D, Zheng X, Qiu M, Liu S. Inhibition of Nrf2 promotes the antitumor effect of Pinelliae rhizome in papillary thyroid cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13867-13877. [PMID: 30697724 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that Xiaotan Sanjie (XTSJ) decoction can prevent the progression of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Pinelliae rhizome (PR), one component of XTSJ decoction, has an inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of tumor cells. The present study investigated the underlying mechanisms of action of PR. Using the human papillary thyroid cancer cell lines, TPC-1 and BCPAP, we found that XTSJ decoction and PR alone decreased cell viability to a similar extent in both cell lines, whereas treatment with XTJS decoction without PR [PR (-)] had a lesser effect. PR treatment inhibited the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the role of Nrf2 in the PR-mediated effects of XTSJ, knockdown of Nrf2 in the tumor cell lines using Nrf2 siRNA (siNrf2) was performed and transfected cells were treated with PR. Silencing of Nrf2 amplified the effects on autophagy, cell viability, apoptosis, and colony formation. Similar results were obtained following treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Furthermore, treatment with PR, siNrf2, and/or 3-MA inhibited the MAPK pathway, and analysis of the MAPK pathway components confirmed the role of this pathway in the PR-mediated cellular effects. In mice implanted with siNrf2-transfected cells, the effects of PR were amplified. Taken together, these findings indicate that PR is critical for the inhibitory effects of XTSJ decoction on tumor cell viability and that downregulation of Nrf2 promotes the antitumor effects of PR on papillary thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Du
- Department of General Surgery III, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery III, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjun Ma
- Department of General Surgery III, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianpeng Jiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daozhen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery III, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangmin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery III, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of General Surgery III, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery III, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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183
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FOXO3-Engineered Human ESC-Derived Vascular Cells Promote Vascular Protection and Regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:447-461.e8. [PMID: 30661960 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
FOXO3 is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor that has been linked to longevity. Here we wanted to find out whether human vascular cells could be functionally enhanced by engineering them to express an activated form of FOXO3. This was accomplished via genome editing at two nucleotides in human embryonic stem cells, followed by differentiation into a range of vascular cell types. FOXO3-activated vascular cells exhibited delayed aging and increased resistance to oxidative injury compared with wild-type cells. When tested in a therapeutic context, FOXO3-enhanced vascular cells promoted vascular regeneration in a mouse model of ischemic injury and were resistant to tumorigenic transformation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, constitutively active FOXO3 conferred cytoprotection by transcriptionally downregulating CSRP1. Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into FOXO3-mediated vascular protection and indicate that FOXO3 activation may provide a means for generating more effective and safe biomaterials for cell replacement therapies.
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184
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Hsu YC, Wu YT, Tsai CL, Wei YH. Current understanding and future perspectives of the roles of sirtuins in the reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:563-575. [PMID: 29557214 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218759636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, there are seven members of the sirtuin protein family (SIRT1-7). SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7 catalyze posttranslational modification of proteins in the nucleus, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are in the mitochondria and SIRT2 is in the cytosol. SIRT1 can deacetylate the transcription factor SOX2 and regulate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogramming through the miR-34a-SIRT1-p53 axis. SIRT2 can regulate the function of pluripotent stem cells through GSK3β. SIRT3 can positively regulate PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression during the differentiation of stem cells. SIRT4 has no direct role in regulating reprogramming but may have the potential to prevent senescence of somatic cells and to facilitate the reprogramming of iPSCs. SIRT5 can deacetylate STAT3, which is an important transcription factor in regulating pluripotency and differentiation of stem cells. SIRT6 can enhance the reprogramming efficiency of iPSCs from aged skin fibroblasts through miR-766 and increase the expression levels of the reprogramming genes including Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog through acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56. SIRT7 plays a regulatory role in the process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), which has been suggested to be a crucial process in the generation of iPSCs from fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the roles of sirtuins in the metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of stem cells and discuss the bidirectional changes in the gene expression and activities of sirtuins in the commitment of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs, respectively. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of the interplay between different sirtuins and mitochondrial function will provide new insights into the regulation of differentiation of stem cells and iPSCs formation, respectively, and may help design effective stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine. Impact statement This is an extensive review of the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of some members of the sirtuins family, such as SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT6, in the regulation of intermediary metabolism during stem cell differentiation and in the reprogramming of somatic cells to form induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This article provides an updated integrated view on the mechanisms by which sirtuins-mediated posttranslational protein modifications regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, and antioxidant defense in the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells and in iPSCs formation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.,*These two authors made equal contributions
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- 2 Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.,*These two authors made equal contributions
| | - Chia-Ling Tsai
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.,2 Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
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185
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Kitada M, Ogura Y, Monno I, Koya D. Sirtuins and Type 2 Diabetes: Role in Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:187. [PMID: 30972029 PMCID: PMC6445872 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern, and novel therapeutic strategies to prevent T2DM are urgently needed worldwide. Aging is recognized as one of the risk factors for metabolic impairments, including insulin resistance and T2DM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are closely related to both aging and metabolic disease. Calorie restriction (CR) can retard the aging process in organisms ranging from yeast to rodents and delay the onset of numerous age-related disorders, such as insulin resistance and diabetes. Therefore, metabolic CR mimetics may represent new therapeutic targets for insulin resistance and T2DM. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the mammalian homolog of Sir2, was originally identified as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase. The activation of SIRT1 is closely associated with longevity under CR, and it is recognized as a CR mimetic. Currently, seven sirtuins have been identified in mammals. Among these sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT2 are located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, SIRT3 exists predominantly in mitochondria, and SIRT6 is located in the nucleus. These sirtuins regulate metabolism through their regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function via multiple mechanisms, resulting in the improvement of insulin resistance and T2DM. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the biological functions of sirtuins, especially SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT6, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial function, which are closely associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- *Correspondence: Munehiro Kitada
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Itaru Monno
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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186
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Liang X, Ding Y, Lin F, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Meng Q, Lu X, Jiang G, Zhu H, Chen Y, Lian Q, Fan H, Liu Z. Overexpression of ERBB4 rejuvenates aged mesenchymal stem cells and enhances angiogenesis via PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. FASEB J 2018; 33:4559-4570. [PMID: 30566395 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801690r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The age-related functional exhaustion limits potential efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in treating cardiovascular disease. Therefore, rejuvenation of aged MSC in the elderly population is of great interest. We have previously reported that Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 ( ERBB4) plays a critical role in regulating MSC survival under hypoxia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ERBB4 rejuvenates aged MSC and how ERBB4 enhances therapeutic efficacy of aged MSC in treating myocardial infarction (MI). Compared with vector aged MSC (aged-MSC), ERBB4-engineered aged MSC (ER4-aged-MSC) conferred resistance to oxidative stress-induced cell death and ameliorated the senescent phenotype in vitro. Four weeks after MI, the ER4-aged-MSC group exhibited enhanced blood vessel density, reduced cardiac remodeling and apoptosis with improved heart function compared with the aged-MSC group. Overexpression of ERBB4 caused an increase in phosphorylated v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT), and phosphorylated ERK expression under hypoxia. ER4-aged-MSC secreted higher levels of angiopoietin, epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78, VEGF, and fibroblast growth factor 2, and enhanced tube formation in HUVEC. The impact of ERBB4 on protein expression, proangiogenesis, cell behavior, and cytokine secretion was abolished by inhibiting PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.-Liang, X., Ding, Y., Lin, F., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Meng, Q., Lu, X., Jiang, G., Zhu, H., Chen, Y., Lian, Q., Fan, H., Liu, Z. Overexpression of ERBB4 rejuvenates aged mesenchymal stem cells and enhances angiogenesis via PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liang
- Clinical Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Clinical Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Clinical Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingshu Meng
- Clinical Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyue Lu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- Clinical Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Huimin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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187
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that coordinates the basal and stress-inducible activation of a vast array of cytoprotective genes. Understanding the regulation of Nrf2 activity and downstream pathways has major implications for human health. Recent Advances: Nrf2 regulates the transcription of components of the glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems, as well as enzymes involved in phase I and phase II detoxification of exogenous and endogenous products, NADPH regeneration, and heme metabolism. It therefore represents a crucial regulator of the cellular defense mechanisms against xenobiotic and oxidative stress. In addition to antioxidant responses, Nrf2 is involved in other cellular processes, such as autophagy, intermediary metabolism, stem cell quiescence, and unfolded protein response. Given the wide range of processes that Nrf2 controls, its activity is tightly regulated at multiple levels. Here, we review the different modes of regulation of Nrf2 activity and the current knowledge of Nrf2-mediated transcriptional control. CRITICAL ISSUES It is now clear that Nrf2 lies at the center of a complex regulatory network. A full comprehension of the Nrf2 program will require an integrated consideration of all the different factors determining Nrf2 activity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional computational and experimental studies are needed to obtain a more dynamic global view of Nrf2-mediated gene regulation. In particular, studies comparing how the Nrf2-dependent network changes from a physiological to a pathological condition can provide insight into mechanisms of disease and instruct new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tonelli
- 1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | | | - David A Tuveson
- 1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,2 Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, New York
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188
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Sociali G, Grozio A, Caffa I, Schuster S, Becherini P, Damonte P, Sturla L, Fresia C, Passalacqua M, Mazzola F, Raffaelli N, Garten A, Kiess W, Cea M, Nencioni A, Bruzzone S. SIRT6 deacetylase activity regulates NAMPT activity and NAD(P)(H) pools in cancer cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:3704-3717. [PMID: 30514106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800321r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway from nicotinamide. By controlling the biosynthesis of NAD+, NAMPT regulates the activity of NAD+-converting enzymes, such as CD38, poly-ADP-ribose polymerases, and sirtuins (SIRTs). SIRT6 is involved in the regulation of a wide number of metabolic processes. In this study, we investigated the ability of SIRT6 to regulate intracellular NAMPT activity and NAD(P)(H) levels. BxPC-3 cells and MCF-7 cells were engineered to overexpress a catalytically active or a catalytically inactive SIRT6 form or were engineered to silence endogenous SIRT6 expression. In SIRT6-overexpressing cells, NAD(H) levels were up-regulated, as a consequence of NAMPT activation. By immunopurification and incubation with recombinant SIRT6, NAMPT was found to be a direct substrate of SIRT6 deacetylation, with a mechanism that up-regulates NAMPT enzymatic activity. Extracellular NAMPT release was enhanced in SIRT6-silenced cells. Also glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and NADPH levels were increased in SIRT6-overexpressing cells. Accordingly, increased SIRT6 levels reduced cancer cell susceptibility to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and to doxorubicin. Our data demonstrate that SIRT6 affects intracellular NAMPT activity, boosts NAD(P)(H) levels, and protects against oxidative stress. The use of SIRT6 inhibitors, together with agents inducing oxidative stress, may represent a promising treatment strategy in cancer.-Sociali, G., Grozio, A., Caffa, I., Schuster, S., Becherini, P., Damonte, P., Sturla, L., Fresia, C., Passalacqua, M., Mazzola, F., Raffaelli, N., Garten, A., Kiess, W., Cea, M., Nencioni, A., Bruzzone, S. SIRT6 deacetylase activity regulates NAMPT activity and NAD(P)(H) pools in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Sociali
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center for Excellence in Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Grozio
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center for Excellence in Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Susanne Schuster
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pamela Becherini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Damonte
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Sturla
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center for Excellence in Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Fresia
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center for Excellence in Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center for Excellence in Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antje Garten
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), San Martino University Hospital-National Institute for Cancer Research (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), San Martino University Hospital-National Institute for Cancer Research (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center for Excellence in Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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189
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Gao T, Li M, Mu G, Hou T, Zhu WG, Yang Y. PKCζ Phosphorylates SIRT6 to Mediate Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Colon Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 21:61-73. [PMID: 30504065 PMCID: PMC6277223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has critical roles in regulating lipid anabolism and catabolism. PKCζ, a member of atypical PKC family, has been reported to mediate glucose metabolism. However, whether and how PKCζ regulates tumor cells fatty acid β-oxidation are unknown. Here, we report that the phosphorylation of SIRT6 is significantly increased after palmitic acid (PA) treatment in colon cancer cells. PKCζ can physically interact with SIRT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction enhances following PA treatment. Further experiments show that PKCζ is the phosphorylase of SIRT6 and phosphorylates SIRT6 at threonine 294 residue to promote SIRT6 enrichment on chromatin. In the functional study, we find that the expression of ACSL1, CPT1, CACT, and HADHB, the genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation, increases after PA stimulation. We further confirm that PKCζ mediates the binding of SIRT6 specifically to the promoters of fatty acid β-oxidation–related genes and elicits the expression of these genes through SIRT6 phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate the mechanism of PKCζ as a new phosphorylase of SIRT6 on maintaining tumor fatty acid β-oxidation and define the new role of PKCζ in lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meiting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanqun Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianyun Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 516080, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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190
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RANKL signaling in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells negatively regulates osteoblastic bone formation. Bone Res 2018; 6:34. [PMID: 30510839 PMCID: PMC6255918 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RANKL signaling is essential for osteoclastogenesis. Its role in osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation is unknown. Here we demonstrate that RANK is expressed at an early stage of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) during osteogenic differentiation in both mice and human and decreased rapidly. RANKL signaling inhibits osteogenesis by promoting β-catenin degradation and inhibiting its synthesis. In contrast, RANKL signaling has no significant effects on adipogenesis of BMSCs. Interestingly, conditional knockout of rank in BMSCs with Prx1-Cre mice leads to a higher bone mass and increased trabecular bone formation independent of osteoclasts. In addition, rankflox/flox: Prx1-Cre mice show resistance to ovariectomy-(OVX) induced bone loss. Thus, our results reveal that RANKL signaling regulates both osteoclasts and osteoblasts by inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and promotion of osteoclastogenesis. Researchers in China have shown that a gene known for breaking bones down is also involved in making new bone. Bones are constantly repaired and reshaped by cells which break down bone tissue, osteoclasts, and those which create new bone, osteoblasts. The RANKL gene is known to play an important role in osteoclast development, but Jiacan Su of the Second Military Medical University has shown that it is also important for osteoblasts. Su’s team detected high expression of RANKL and its receptor, RANK, in bone marrow stem cells, and the levels decreased as the stem cells differentiated into osteoblasts. Artificially increasing RANK expression decreased osteoblast differentiation, while reducing its expression increased osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. By showing that RANKL regulates osteoblasts as well as osteoclasts, these findings open new avenues for understanding bones development.
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191
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Wang P, Liu Z, Zhang X, Li J, Sun L, Ju Z, Li J, Chan P, Liu GH, Zhang W, Song M, Qu J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout reveals a guardian role of NF-κB/RelA in maintaining the homeostasis of human vascular cells. Protein Cell 2018; 9:945-965. [PMID: 29968158 PMCID: PMC6208479 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell functionality is critical to blood vessel homeostasis. Constitutive NF-κB activation in vascular cells results in chronic vascular inflammation, leading to various cardiovascular diseases. However, how NF-κB regulates human blood vessel homeostasis remains largely elusive. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, we generated RelA knockout human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and differentiated them into various vascular cell derivatives to study how NF-κB modulates human vascular cells under basal and inflammatory conditions. Multi-dimensional phenotypic assessments and transcriptomic analyses revealed that RelA deficiency affected vascular cells via modulating inflammation, survival, vasculogenesis, cell differentiation and extracellular matrix organization in a cell type-specific manner under basal condition, and that RelA protected vascular cells against apoptosis and modulated vascular inflammatory response upon tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) stimulation. Lastly, further evaluation of gene expression patterns in IκBα knockout vascular cells demonstrated that IκBα acted largely independent of RelA signaling. Taken together, our data reveal a protective role of NF-κB/RelA in modulating human blood vessel homeostasis and map the human vascular transcriptomic landscapes for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liang Sun
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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192
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Vono R, Jover Garcia E, Spinetti G, Madeddu P. Oxidative Stress in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence: Regulation by Coding and Noncoding RNAs. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:864-879. [PMID: 28762752 PMCID: PMC6080119 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adult stem cells with the potential of differentiation into mesodermal lineages, play an important role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In different organs, a subpopulation of MSCs is located near the vasculature and possibly represents the original source of lineage-committed mesenchymal progenitors. Recent Advances: The plasticity and immune characteristics of MSCs render them a preferential tool for regenerative cell therapy. CRITICAL ISSUES The culture expansion needed before MSC transplantation is associated with cellular senescence. Moreover, accelerated senescence of the total and perivascular MSC pool has been observed in humans and mouse models of premature aging disorders. MSC dysfunction is acknowledged as a culprit for the aging-associated degeneration of mesodermal tissues, but the underlying epigenetic pathways remain elusive. This article reviews current understanding of mechanisms impinging on MSC health, including oxidative stress, Nrf2-antioxidant responsive element activity, sirtuins, noncoding RNAs, and PKCs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We provide evidence that epigenetic profiling of MSCs is utilitarian to the prediction of therapeutic outcomes. In addition, strategies that target oxidative stress-associated mechanisms represent promising approaches to counteract the detrimental effect of age and senescence in MSCs.-Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 864-879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vono
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research , IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Jover Garcia
- 2 School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research , IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- 2 School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol , United Kingdom
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193
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p53 cooperates with SIRT6 to regulate cardiolipin de novo biosynthesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:941. [PMID: 30237540 PMCID: PMC6148051 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 has critical roles in regulating lipid metabolism, but whether and how p53 regulates cardiolipin (CL) de novo biosynthesis is unknown. Here, we report that p53 physically interacts with histone deacetylase SIRT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction increases following palmitic acid (PA) treatment. In response to PA, p53 and SIRT6 localize to chromatin in a p53-dependent manner. Chromatin p53 and SIRT6 bind the promoters of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 and 2 (CDS1 and CDS2), two enzymes required to catalyze CL de novo biosynthesis. Here, SIRT6 serves as a co-activator of p53 and effectively recruits RNA polymerase II to the CDS1 and CDS2 promoters to enhance CL de novo biosynthesis. Our findings reveal a novel, cooperative model executed by p53 and SIRT6 to maintain lipid homeostasis.
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194
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Wang S, Liu Z, Ye Y, Li B, Liu T, Zhang W, Liu GH, Zhang YA, Qu J, Xu D, Chen Z. Ectopic hTERT expression facilitates reprograming of fibroblasts derived from patients with Werner syndrome as a WS cellular model. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:923. [PMID: 30206203 PMCID: PMC6134116 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided a unique opportunity to develop disease-specific models and personalized treatment for genetic disorders, and is well suitable for the study of Werner syndrome (WS), an autosomal recessive disease with adult onset of premature aging caused by mutations in the RecQ like helicase (WRN) gene. WS-derived fibroblasts were previously shown to be able to generate iPSCs; however, it remains elusive how WS-derived iPSCs behave and whether they are able to mimic the disease-specific phenotype. The present study was designed to address these issues. Unexpectedly, we found that a specific WS fibroblast line of homozygous truncation mutation was difficult to be reprogrammed by using the Yamanaka factors even under hypoxic conditions due to their defect in induction of hTERT, the catalytic unit of telomerase. Ectopic expression of hTERT restores the ability of this WS fibroblast line to form iPSCs, although with a low efficiency. To examine the phenotype of WRN-deficient pluripotent stem cells, we also generated WRN knockout human embryonic stem (ES) cells by using the CRISPR/Cas9 method. The iPSCs derived from WS-hTERT cells and WRN-/- ESCs are fully pluripotent, express pluripotent markers and can differentiate into three germ layer cells; however, WS-iPSCs and WRN-/- ESCs show S phase defect in cell cycle progression. Moreover, WS-iPSCs and WRN-/- ESCs, like WS patient-derived fibroblasts, remain hypersensitive to topoisomerase inhibitors. Collectively, WS-derived iPSCs and WRN-/- ESCs mimic the intrinsic disease phenotype, which may serve as a suitable disease model, whereas not be good for a therapeutic purpose without gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfeng Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingnan Li
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Alex Zhang
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Dawei Xu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. .,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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195
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Zhang W, Wan H, Feng G, Qu J, Wang J, Jing Y, Ren R, Liu Z, Zhang L, Chen Z, Wang S, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Zhou Q, Li W, Liu GH, Hu B. SIRT6 deficiency results in developmental retardation in cynomolgus monkeys. Nature 2018; 560:661-665. [PMID: 30135584 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 acts as a longevity protein in rodents1,2. However, its biological function in primates remains largely unknown. Here we generate a SIRT6-null cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) model using a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach. SIRT6-deficient monkeys die hours after birth and exhibit severe prenatal developmental retardation. SIRT6 loss delays neuronal differentiation by transcriptionally activating the long non-coding RNA H19 (a developmental repressor), and we were able to recapitulate this process in a human neural progenitor cell differentiation system. SIRT6 deficiency results in histone hyperacetylation at the imprinting control region of H19, CTCF recruitment and upregulation of H19. Our results suggest that SIRT6 is involved in regulating development in non-human primates, and may provide mechanistic insight into human perinatal lethality syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaobin Jing
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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196
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Fang J, Yang J, Wu X, Zhang G, Li T, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang C, Liu G, Wang L. Metformin alleviates human cellular aging by upregulating the endoplasmic reticulum glutathione peroxidase 7. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12765. [PMID: 29659168 PMCID: PMC6052468 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an FDA-approved antidiabetic drug, has been shown to elongate lifespan in animal models. Nevertheless, the effects of metformin on human cells remain unclear. Here, we show that low-dose metformin treatment extends the lifespan of human diploid fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. We report that a low dose of metformin upregulates the endoplasmic reticulum-localized glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPx7). GP×7 expression levels are decreased in senescent human cells, and GPx7 depletion results in premature cellular senescence. We also indicate that metformin increases the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which binds to the antioxidant response elements in the GPX7 gene promoter to induce its expression. Moreover, the metformin-Nrf2-GPx7 pathway delays aging in worms. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of metformin on human cellular aging and highlights the importance of the Nrf2-GPx7 pathway in pro-longevity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Fang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiping Yang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xun Wu
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gangming Zhang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xi'e Wang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chih‐chen Wang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guang‐Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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197
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Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Dubey R, Deng YH, Tsai FC, Deng WP. Revisiting the Advances in Isolation, Characterization and Secretome of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082200. [PMID: 30060511 PMCID: PMC6121360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) seems to be a promising regenerative therapeutic agent due to the minimally invasive approach of their harvest and multi-lineage differentiation potential. The harvested adipose tissues are further digested to extract stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is cultured, and the anchorage-dependent cells are isolated in order to characterize their stemness, surface markers, and multi-differentiation potential. The differentiation potential of ASCs is directed through manipulating culture medium composition with an introduction of growth factors to obtain the desired cell type. ASCs have been widely studied for its regenerative therapeutic solution to neurologic, skin, wound, muscle, bone, and other disorders. These therapeutic outcomes of ASCs are achieved possibly via autocrine and paracrine effects of their secretome comprising of cytokines, extracellular proteins and RNAs. Therefore, secretome-derivatives might offer huge advantages over cells through their synthesis and storage for long-term use. When considering the therapeutic significance and future prospects of ASCs, this review summarizes the recent developments made in harvesting, isolation, and characterization. Furthermore, this article also provides a deeper insight into secretome of ASCs mediating regenerative efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala 133101, India.
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yue-Hua Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Basic medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
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198
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Tan DQ, Suda T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Homeostasis as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:149-168. [PMID: 28708000 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The precise role and impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stem cells, which are essential for lifelong tissue homeostasis and regeneration, remain of significant interest to the field. The long-term regenerative potential of a stem cell compartment is determined by the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, all of which can be influenced by ROS levels. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the importance of ROS and redox homeostasis in various stem cell compartments, particularly those of hematopoietic, neural, and muscle tissues. In recent years, the importance of proteostasis and mitochondria in relation to stem cell biology and redox homeostasis has garnered considerable interest. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we explore the reciprocal relationship between ROS and stem cells, with significant emphasis on mitochondria as a core component of redox homeostasis. We discuss how redox signaling, involving cell-fate determining protein kinases and transcription factors, can control stem cell function and fate. We also address the impact of oxidative stress on stem cells, especially oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. We further discuss ROS management in stem cells, and present recent evidence supporting the importance of mitochondrial activity and its modulation (via mitochondrial clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, and distribution [i.e., segregation and transfer]) in stem cell redox homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, elucidating the intricate links between mitochondria, cellular metabolism, and redox homeostasis is envisioned to be critical for our understanding of ROS in stem cell biology and its therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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199
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Wang W, Hu Y, Yang C, Zhu S, Wang X, Zhang Z, Deng H. Decreased NAD Activates STAT3 and Integrin Pathways to Drive Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2005-2017. [PMID: 29980616 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays an essential role in all aspects of human life. NAD levels decrease as humans age, and supplementation with NAD precursors plays a protective role against aging and associated disease. Less is known about the effects of decreased NAD on cellular processes, which is the basis for understanding the relationship between cellular NAD levels and aging-associated disease. In the present study, cellular NAD levels were decreased by overexpression of CD38, a NAD hydrolase, or by treating cells with FK866, an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Quantitative proteomics revealed that declining NAD levels downregulated proteins associated with primary metabolism and suppressed cell growth in culture and nude mice. Decreased glutathione synthesis caused a 4-fold increase in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, and more importantly upregulated proteins related to movement and adhesion. In turn, this significantly changed cell morphology and caused cells to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Secretomic analysis also showed that decreased NAD triggered interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) secretion, which activated integrin-β-catenin, TGFβ-MAPK, and inflammation signaling pathways to sustain the signaling required for EMT. We further revealed that decreased NAD inactivated sirtuin 1, resulting in increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) acetylation and phosphorylation, and STAT3 activation. Repletion of nicotinamide or nicotinic acid inactivated STAT3 and reversed EMT, as did STAT3 inhibition. Taken together, these results indicate that decreased NAD activates multiple signaling pathways to promote EMT and suggests that age-dependent decreases in NAD may contribute to tumor progression. Consequently, repletion of NAD precursors has potential benefits for inhibiting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yadong Hu
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,§Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changmei Yang
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- ¶Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;
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200
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Abstract
Stem cell aging is a process in which stem cells progressively lose their ability to self-renew or differentiate, succumb to senescence or apoptosis, and eventually become functionally depleted. Unresolved oxidative stress and concomitant oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates have been recognized to contribute to stem cell aging. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and insufficient cellular antioxidant reserves compromise cell repair and metabolic homeostasis, which serves as a mechanistic switch for a variety of aging-related pathways. Understanding the molecular trigger, regulation, and outcomes of those signaling networks is critical for developing novel therapies for aging-related diseases by targeting stem cell aging. Here we explore the key features of stem cell aging biology, with an emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress in the aging process at the molecular level. As a concept of cytoprotection of stem cells in transplantation, we also discuss how systematic enhancement of endogenous antioxidant capacity before or during graft into tissues can potentially raise the efficacy of clinical therapy. Finally, future directions for elucidating the control of oxidative stress and developing preventive/curative strategies against stem cell aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,2 Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- 3 GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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