151
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Iadarola ND, Niciu MJ, Richards EM, Vande Voort JL, Ballard ED, Lundin NB, Nugent AC, Machado-Vieira R, Zarate CA. Ketamine and other N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in the treatment of depression: a perspective review. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2015; 6:97-114. [PMID: 25954495 DOI: 10.1177/2040622315579059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current pharmacotherapies for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BDep) have a distinct lag of onset that can generate great distress and impairment in patients. Furthermore, as demonstrated by several real-world effectiveness trials, their efficacy is limited. All approved antidepressant medications for MDD primarily act through monoaminergic mechanisms, agonists or antagonists with varying affinities for serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. The glutamate system has received much attention in recent years as an avenue for developing novel therapeutics. A single subanesthetic dose infusion of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has been shown to have rapid and potent antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant MDD and BDep. In a reverse translational framework, ketamine's clinical efficacy has inspired many preclinical studies to explore glutamatergic mechanisms of antidepressant action. These studies have revealed enhanced synaptic plasticity/synaptogenesis via numerous molecular and cellular mechanisms: release of local translational inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and secretion from dendritic spines, mammalian target of rapamycin activation and glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition. Current efforts are focused on extending ketamine's antidepressant efficacy, uncovering the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for ketamine's antidepressant activity in biologically enriched subgroups, and identifying treatment response biomarkers to personalize antidepressant selection. Other NMDA receptor antagonists have been studied both preclinically and clinically, which have revealed relatively modest antidepressant effects compared with ketamine but potentially other favorable characteristics, for example, decreased dissociative or psychotomimetic effects; therefore, there is great interest in developing novel glutamatergic antidepressants with greater target specificity and/or decreased adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Iadarola
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark J Niciu
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erica M Richards
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Vande Voort
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Ballard
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy B Lundin
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison C Nugent
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Dr., Building 10/CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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152
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Dale E, Bang-Andersen B, Sánchez C. Emerging mechanisms and treatments for depression beyond SSRIs and SNRIs. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:81-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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153
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Thompson SM, Kallarackal AJ, Kvarta MD, Van Dyke AM, LeGates TA, Cai X. An excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:279-94. [PMID: 25887240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity, but the biological bases of the deficits in emotional and cognitive processing remain incompletely understood. Current antidepressant therapies are effective in only some patients and act slowly. Here, we propose an excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression in which chronic stress and genetic susceptibility cause changes in the strength of subsets of glutamatergic synapses at multiple locations, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NAc), leading to a dysfunction of corticomesolimbic reward circuitry that underlies many of the symptoms of depression. This hypothesis accounts for current depression treatments and suggests an updated framework for the development of better therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Thompson
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Angy J Kallarackal
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adam M Van Dyke
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tara A LeGates
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiang Cai
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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154
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Devader C, Khayachi A, Veyssière J, Moha Ou Maati H, Roulot M, Moreno S, Borsotto M, Martin S, Heurteaux C, Mazella J. In vitro and in vivo regulation of synaptogenesis by the novel antidepressant spadin. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2604-17. [PMID: 25598009 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have described a novel antidepressant peptide, spadin, that acts by blocking the TWIK-related-potassium channel, type 1 (TREK-1). Here, we examined possible mechanisms of action of spadin at both molecular and cellular levels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Effects of spadin were measured in primary cultures of neurons or tissues from mice injected i.v. with spadin. Western blots, qPCR, histochemical and electrophysiological techniques were used. KEY RESULTS In vitro, spadin increased neuronal membrane potential and activated both the MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The latter pathway was involved in the protective effect of spadin against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Also, spadin enhanced both mRNA expression and protein of two markers of synaptogenesis, the post-synaptic density protein of 95 kDalton (PSD-95) and synapsin. We confirmed these effects on synaptogenesis by the observation that spadin treatment significantly increased the proportion of mature spines in cortical neurons. Finally, in vivo injections of spadin led to a rapid increase in both mRNA expression and protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, confirming the antidepressant action of the peptide. We argue for a new role of spadin in synaptogenesis as both PSD-95 and synapsin mRNA expression and protein levels were further enhanced in the hippocampus, following treatment in vivo with the peptide. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings provide new mechanisms of action for the rapidly acting antidepressant peptide spadin by stimulating expression of BDNF and synaptic proteins, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Devader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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155
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Sivarao DV. The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response: a selective biomarker for cortical NMDA function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:27-36. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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156
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Schatzberg AF. Issues encountered in recent attempts to develop novel antidepressant agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1345:67-73. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan F. Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
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157
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Jones KA, Menniti FS, Sivarao DV. Translational psychiatry-light at the end of the tunnel. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:1-11. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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158
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DeWilde KE, Levitch CF, Murrough JW, Mathew SJ, Iosifescu DV. The promise of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression: current evidence and future directions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1345:47-58. [PMID: 25649308 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling diseases worldwide and is becoming a significant public health threat. Current treatments for MDD primarily consist of monoamine-targeting agents and have limited efficacy. However, the glutamate neurotransmitter system has recently come into focus as a promising alternative for novel antidepressant treatments. We review the current data on the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine, which has been shown in clinical trials to act as a rapid antidepressant in MDD. We also examine ketamine efficacy on dimensions of psychopathology, including anhedonia, cognition, and suicidality, consistent with the NIMH Research Domain Criteria initiative. Other aspects of ketamine reviewed in this paper include safety and efficacy, different administration methods, and the risks of misuse of ketamine outside of medical settings. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of glutamatergic agents other than ketamine currently being tested as novel antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E DeWilde
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cara F Levitch
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James W Murrough
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sanjay J Mathew
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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159
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Solé B, Jiménez E, Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E. Cognition as a target in major depression: new developments. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:231-47. [PMID: 25640673 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling psychiatric illness often accompanied of cognitive dysfunction which may persist even when patients achieve clinical remission. Currently, cognitive deficits emerge as a potential target because they compromise the functional outcome of depressed patients. The aim of this study was to review data for several potential pharmacological treatments targeting cognition in MDD, resulting from monotherapy or adjunctive treatment. An extensive and systematic Pubmed/Medline search of the published literature until March 2014 was conducted using a variety of search term to find relevant articles. Bibliographies of retrieved papers were further examined for publications of interest. Searches were limited to articles available in English language. We describe studies using modafinil, lisdexamfetamine, ketamine, lanicemine, memantine, galantamine, donepezil, vortioxetine, intranasal oxytocin, omega-3, s-adenosyl-methionine, scopolamine and erythropoietin. From these articles, we determined that there are a number of promising new therapies, pharmacological agents or complementary medicines, but data are just emerging. Drugs and therapies targeting cognitive dysfunction in MDD should prove effective in improving specific cognitive domains and functioning, while ruling out pseudospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Solé
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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160
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Hillhouse TM, Porter JH. A brief history of the development of antidepressant drugs: from monoamines to glutamate. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 23:1-21. [PMID: 25643025 PMCID: PMC4428540 DOI: 10.1037/a0038550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurring, and debilitating mental illness that is the most common mood disorder in the United States. It has been almost 50 years since the monoamine hypothesis of depression was articulated, and just over 50 years since the first pharmacological treatment for MDD was discovered. Several monoamine-based pharmacological drug classes have been developed and approved for the treatment of MDD; however, remission rates are low (often less than 60%) and there is a delayed onset before remission of depressive symptoms is achieved. As a result of a "proof-of-concept" study in 2000 with the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist ketamine, a number of studies have examined the glutamatergic systems as viable targets for the treatment of MDD. This review will provide a brief history on the development of clinically available antidepressant drugs, and then review the possible role of glutamatergic systems in the pathophysiology of MDD. Specifically, the glutamatergic review will focus on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and the efficacy of drugs that target the NMDA receptor for the treatment of MDD. The noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine, which has consistently produced rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in MDD patients in a number of clinical studies, has shown the most promise as a novel glutamatergic-based treatment for MDD. However, compounds that target other glutamatergic mechanisms, such as GLYX-13 (a glycine-site partial agonist at NMDA receptors) appear promising in early clinical trials. Thus, the clinical findings to date are encouraging and support the continued search for and the development of novel compounds that target glutamatergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Hillhouse
- the Department of Psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University at the time this review was written and is now at the University of Michigan in the Department of Pharmacology
| | - Joseph H. Porter
- the Department of Psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University
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161
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Antidepressant actions of ketamine: from molecular mechanisms to clinical practice. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 30:139-43. [PMID: 25562451 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade the emergence of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockers such as ketamine as fast-acting antidepressants fostered a major conceptual advance by demonstrating the possibility of a rapid antidepressant response. This discovery brings unique mechanistic insight into antidepressant action, as there is a substantial amount of basic knowledge on glutamatergic neurotransmission and how blockade of NMDA receptors may elicit plasticity. The combination of this basic knowledge base and the growing clinical findings will facilitate the development of novel fast acting antidepressants.
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162
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Zorumski CF, Nagele P, Mennerick S, Conway CR. Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: Rationale for NMDA Receptors as Targets and Nitrous Oxide as Therapy. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:172. [PMID: 26696909 PMCID: PMC4673867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a huge personal and societal encumbrance. Particularly burdensome is a virulent subtype of MDD, treatment resistant major depression (TMRD), which afflicts 15-30% of MDD patients. There has been recent interest in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) as targets for treatment of MDD and perhaps TMRD. To date, most pre-clinical and clinical studies have focused on ketamine, although psychotomimetic and other side effects may limit ketamine's utility. These considerations prompted a recent promising pilot clinical trial of nitrous oxide, an NMDAR antagonist that acts through a mechanism distinct from that of ketamine, in patients with severe TRMD. In this paper, we review the clinical picture of TRMD as a subtype of MDD, the evolution of ketamine as a fast-acting antidepressant, and clinical and basic science studies supporting the possible use of nitrous oxide as a rapid antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Peter Nagele
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Steven Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Charles R Conway
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
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163
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Sanacora G, Schatzberg AF. Ketamine: promising path or false prophecy in the development of novel therapeutics for mood disorders? Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:259-67. [PMID: 25257213 PMCID: PMC4443967 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Large 'real world' studies demonstrating the limited effectiveness and slow onset of clinical response associated with our existing antidepressant medications has highlighted the need for the development of new therapeutic strategies for major depression and other mood disorders. Yet, despite intense research efforts, the field has had little success in developing antidepressant treatments with fundamentally novel mechanisms of action over the past six decades, leaving the field wary and skeptical about any new developments. However, a series of relatively small proof-of-concept studies conducted over the last 15 years has gradually gained great interest by providing strong evidence that a unique, rapid onset of sustained, but still temporally limited, antidepressant effects can be achieved with a single administration of ketamine. We are now left with several questions regarding the true clinical meaningfulness of the findings and the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant action. In this Circumspectives piece, Dr Sanacora and Dr Schatzberg share their opinions on these issues and discuss paths to move the field forward.
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164
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Duman RS. Pathophysiology of depression and innovative treatments: remodeling glutamatergic synaptic connections. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014. [PMID: 24733968 PMCID: PMC3984887 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.1/rduman] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the complexity and heterogeneity of mood disorders, basic and clinical research studies have begun to elucidate the pathophysiology of depression and to identify rapid, efficacious antidepressant agents. Stress and depression are associated with neuronal atrophy, characterized by loss of synaptic connections in key cortical and limbic brain regions implicated in depression. This is thought to occur in part via decreased expression and function of growth factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. These structural alterations are difficult to reverse with typical antidepressants. However, recent studies demonstrate that ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that produces rapid antidepressant actions in treatment-resistant depressed patients, rapidly increases spine synapses in the PFC and reverses the deficits caused by chronic stress. This is thought to occur by disinhibition of glutamate transmission, resulting in a rapid but transient burst of glutamate, followed by an increase in BDNF release and activation of downstream signaling pathways that stimulate synapse formation. Recent work demonstrates that the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, are also associated with increased glutamate transmission and synapse formation. These findings have resulted in testing and identification of additional targets and agents that influence glutamate transmission and have rapid antidepressant actions in rodent models and in clinical trials. Together these studies have created tremendous excitement and hope for a new generation of rapid, efficacious antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Duman
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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165
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NMDA receptor dysregulation in chronic state: A possible mechanism underlying depression with BDNF downregulation. Neurochem Int 2014; 79:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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166
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How does ketamine elicit a rapid antidepressant response? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 20:35-9. [PMID: 25462290 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A single sub-psychotomimetic dose of ketamine, an ionotropic glutamatergic n-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, produces a fast-acting antidepressant response in patients suffering from major depressive disorder. Depressed patients report alleviation of core symptoms within 2 h of a single low-dose intravenous infusion of ketamine with effects lasting up to 2 weeks. The rapidity of ketamine action implies that major symptoms of depression can be alleviated without substantial structural plasticity or circuit rewiring. Therefore, the ability of ketamine to exert a rapid effect provides a unique opportunity to elucidate the types of acute synaptic plasticity changes that can be recruited to counter depression symptoms.
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167
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Gottschalk MG, Wesseling H, Guest PC, Bahn S. Proteomic enrichment analysis of psychotic and affective disorders reveals common signatures in presynaptic glutamatergic signaling and energy metabolism. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu019. [PMID: 25609598 PMCID: PMC4368887 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although genetic studies suggest an overlap in risk alleles across the major psychiatric disorders, disease signatures reflecting overlapping symptoms have not been found. Profiling studies have identified candidate protein markers associated with specific disorders of the psychoaffective spectrum, but this has always been done in a selective fashion without accounting for the entire proteome composition of the system under investigation. METHODS Employing an orthogonal system-based proteomic enrichment approach based on label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we analyzed anterior prefrontal human post-mortem brain tissue of patients affected by schizophrenia (n = 23), bipolar disorder (n = 23), major depressive disorder with (n = 12) and without psychotic features (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 23). Labeled selected reaction monitoring (SRM) was used to validate these findings on a pathway level. Independent in silico analyses of biological annotations revealed common pathways across the diseases, associated with presynaptic glutamatergic neurotransmission and energy metabolism. We validated the proteomic findings using SRM and confirmed that there were no effects of post-mortem confounders. RESULTS Schizophrenia and affective psychosis were linked to a hypoglutamatergic state and hypofunction of energy metabolism, while bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder were linked to a hyperglutamatergic state and hyperfunction of energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These findings support recent investigations, which have focused on the therapeutic potential of glutamatergic modulation in psychotic and affective disorders. We suggest a disease model in which disturbances of the glutamatergic system and ensuing adaptations of neuronal energy metabolism are linked to distinct psychiatric symptom dimensions, delivering novel evidence for targeted treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Gottschalk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Drs Gottschalk, Wesseling, and Drs Guest and Bahn); Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Dr Bahn)
| | - Hendrik Wesseling
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Drs Gottschalk, Wesseling, and Drs Guest and Bahn); Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Dr Bahn)
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Drs Gottschalk, Wesseling, and Drs Guest and Bahn); Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Dr Bahn)
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Drs Gottschalk, Wesseling, and Drs Guest and Bahn); Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Dr Bahn).
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168
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Hiyoshi T, Marumo T, Hikichi H, Tomishima Y, Urabe H, Tamita T, Iida I, Yasuhara A, Karasawa JI, Chaki S. Neurophysiologic and antipsychotic profiles of TASP0433864, a novel positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:642-53. [PMID: 25277141 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and the activation of metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptor may exert antipsychotic effects by normalizing glutamate transmission. In the present study, we investigated the neurophysiologic and antipsychotic profiles of TASP0433864 [(2S)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenoxy)methyl]-5-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazole-6-carboxamide], a newly synthesized positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of mGlu2 receptor. TASP0433864 exhibited PAM activity at human and rat mGlu2 receptors with EC50 values of 199 and 206 nM, respectively, without exerting agonist activity at rat mGlu2 receptor. TASP0433864 produced a leftward and upward shift in the concentration-response curve of glutamate-increased guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate binding to mGlu2 receptor. In contrast, TASP0433864 had negligible activities for other mGlu receptors, including mGlu3 receptor, and did not have any affinity for other receptors or transporters. In hippocampal slices, TASP0433864 potentiated an inhibitory effect of DCG-IV [(2S,2'R,3'R)-2-(2',3'-dicarboxylcyclopropyl)glycine], a mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, on the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the dentate gyrus, indicating that TASP0433864 potentiates the mGlu2 receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release. Moreover, TASP0433864 inhibited both MK-801 [(5S,10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate]- and ketamine-increased cortical γ band oscillation in the rat cortical electroencephalogram, which have been considered to reflect the excess activation of cortical pyramidal neurons. The inhibitory effect of TASP0433864 on cortical activation was also observed in the mouse 2-deoxy-glucose uptake study. In a behavioral study, TASP0433864 significantly inhibited both ketamine- and methamphetamine-increased locomotor activities in mice and rats, respectively. Collectively, these findings indicate that TASP0433864 is a selective mGlu2 receptor PAM with antipsychotic activity, and the attenuation of excess glutamatergic neurotransmission may be involved in the action of TASP0433864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuaki Hiyoshi
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Marumo
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hikichi
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Tomishima
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Urabe
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tamita
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Izumi Iida
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Akito Yasuhara
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Karasawa
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Chaki
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.M., H.H., Y.T., J.K., S.C.), Chemistry Laboratories (H.U., T.T., A.Y.), and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (I.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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The role of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits on the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists in modeling schizophrenia and treating refractory depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2673-80. [PMID: 24871546 PMCID: PMC4207347 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Paradoxically, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists are used to model certain aspects of schizophrenia as well as to treat refractory depression. However, the role of different subunits of the NMDA receptor in both conditions is poorly understood. Here we used biochemical and behavioral readouts to examine the in vivo prefrontal efflux of serotonin and glutamate as well as the stereotypical behavior and the antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test elicited by antagonists selective for the GluN2A (NVP-AAM077) and GluN2B (Ro 25-6981) subunits. The effects of the non-subunit selective antagonist, MK-801; were also studied for comparison. The administration of MK-801 dose dependently increased the prefrontal efflux of serotonin and glutamate and markedly increased the stereotypy scores. NVP-AAM077 also increased the efflux of serotonin and glutamate, but without the induction of stereotypies. In contrast, Ro 25-6981 did not change any of the biochemical and behavioral parameters tested. Interestingly, the administration of NVP-AAM077 and Ro 25-6981 alone elicited antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test, in contrast to the combination of both compounds that evoked marked stereotypies. Our interpretation of the results is that both GluN2A and GluN2B subunits are needed to induce stereotypies, which might be suggestive of potential psychotomimetic effects in humans, but the antagonism of only one of these subunits is sufficient to evoke an antidepressant response. We also propose that GluN2A receptor antagonists could have potential antidepressant activity in the absence of potential psychotomimetic effects.
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170
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Effet antidépresseur de la kétamine : revue de la littérature sur l’utilisation de la kétamine dans la dépression. Encephale 2014; 40:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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171
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De Maricourt P, Jay T, Goncalvès P, Lôo H, Gaillard R. Effet antidépresseur de la kétamine : revue de la littérature sur les mécanismes d’action de la kétamine. Encephale 2014; 40:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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