151
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Cooper P, Dalling AG, Farrar EHE, Aldhous TP, Grélaud S, Lester E, Feron LJ, Kemmitt PD, Grayson MN, Bower JF. Atom and step economical synthesis of acyclic quaternary centers via iridium-catalyzed hydroarylative cross-coupling of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11183-11189. [PMID: 36320466 PMCID: PMC9516889 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary benzylic centers are accessed with high atom and step economy by intermolecular Ir-catalyzed hydroarylation of non-polarized 1,1-disubstituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillippa Cooper
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy P. Aldhous
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Simon Grélaud
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Eleanor Lester
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Lyman J. Feron
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D. Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - John F. Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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152
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Zhu WR, Su Q, Deng XY, Liu JS, Zhong T, Meng SS, Yi JT, Weng J, Lu G. Organocatalytic enantioselective SN1-type dehydrative nucleophilic substitution: access to bis(indolyl)methanes bearing quaternary carbon stereocenters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:170-177. [PMID: 35733509 PMCID: PMC9158264 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly general and straightforward approach to access chiral bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) bearing quaternary stereocenters has been realized via enantioconvergent dehydrative nucleophilic substitution. A broad range of 3,3′-, 3,2′- and 3,1′-BIMs were obtained under mild conditions with excellent efficiency and enantioselectivity (80 examples, up to 98% yield and >99 : 1 er). By utilizing racemic 3-indolyl tertiary alcohols as precursors of alkyl electrophiles and indoles as C–H nucleophiles, this organocatalytic strategy avoids pre-activation of substrates and produces water as the only by-product. Mechanistic studies suggest a formal SN1-type pathway enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. The practicability of the obtained enantioenriched BIMs was further demonstrated by versatile transformation and high antimicrobial activities (3al, MIC: 1 μg mL−1). A highly general and straightforward approach to access chiral bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) bearing quaternary stereocenters has been realized via enantioconvergent dehydrative nucleophilic substitution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Run Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shui Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Tao Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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153
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Gan WE, Cao J, Xu LW. Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective domino ring-opening/Hiyama coupling of cyclobutanones: development and application to the synthesis of (+)-herbertene-1,14-diol. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed enantioselective domino ring-opening/Hiyama coupling of cyclobutanones is reported, providing chiral 1-indanones bearing a versatile alkenyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Er Gan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute and Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
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154
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Adarsh Krishna TP, Edachery B, Athalathil S. Bakuchiol – a natural meroterpenoid: structure, isolation, synthesis and functionalization approaches. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8815-8832. [PMID: 35424800 PMCID: PMC8985110 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bakuchiol is an emblematic meroterpene class of natural product extracted from Psoralea corylifolia. It has been reported to possess a broad range of biological and pharmacological properties and is considered as a leading biomolecule. It is highly desirable to devise an efficient approach to access bakuchiol and its chemical biology applications. In this review we provided structural features, isolation methods, various chemical routes and late-stage functionalization (LSF) approaches for bakuchiol and its derivatives. Moreover, this review encompasses the structure–activity relationships (SAR), value-added contributions and future perspectives of bakuchiol The isolation methods, various chemical routes and late-stage functionalization approaches and structure–activity relationships of bakuchiol – a meroterpene class of natural product has been discussed in detail.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Adarsh Krishna
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd, Ernakulam (Dist.), Kerala, India-686 662
| | - Baldev Edachery
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd, Ernakulam (Dist.), Kerala, India-686 662
| | - Sunil Athalathil
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd, Ernakulam (Dist.), Kerala, India-686 662
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155
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Zhao Y, Huo M, Zhou H. DFT study on the gold(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition and rearrangement reactions of allene-containing allylic silyl ether. J Mol Model 2021; 28:25. [PMID: 34970719 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-05004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The DFT calculation at the B3LYP/B3LYP-D3(BJ) level was carried out to explore the reaction mechanism of the synthesis of spirocyclo[4,5]decane skeleton by gold-catalyzed allenyl compounds. The more accurate energy under the CH3CN solvent in the experiment is calculated by the single-point energy of the SMD model. Computational studies have shown that the reaction consists of three main steps: intramolecular cycloaddition of the end group carbon atoms of allenyl and vinyl groups, the semipinacol rearrangement process in which the four-membered ring is reconstructed into the five-membered ring, the elimination reaction releases the catalyst and obtains the product. The calculation results show that Zheng et al. reported that the gold-catalyzed synthesis reaction can easily occur under the experimental conditions due to its low activation free energy (12.07-15.49 kcal/mol). Furthermore, it was found that the MOMO(CH2)2 substituent has higher reactivity than the corresponding reactant of the phenyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaMei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - MengDan Huo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - HongJi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
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156
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Zhang WB, Chen G, Shi SL. Enantioselective Ni/N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Redox-Economical Coupling of Aldehydes, Alkynes, and Enones for Rapid Construction of Acyclic All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:130-136. [PMID: 34941237 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters exist widely in natural products and bioactive molecules, but their enantioselective construction remains a prominent challenge. In particular, multicomponent enantioselective couplings of simple precursors to acyclic all-carbon quaternary stereocenters are very rare. We describe herein an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-Ni catalyzed redox-economical three-component reaction of aldehydes, alkynes, and enones that proceeds in a highly chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective manner. A wide variety of valuable acyclic α-quaternary chiral ketones were synthesized in a single step with 100% atom economy. This reaction proceeds through the formation of a transient cyclic enolate followed by an aldol reaction/ring-opening sequence. The strategy is expected to inspire new and efficient approaches to generate other acyclic quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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157
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Capel E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Uria U, Pedron M, Tejero T, Vicario JL, Merino P. Absence of Intermediates in the BINOL-Derived Mg(II)/Phosphate-Catalyzed Desymmetrizative Ring Expansion of 1-Vinylcyclobutanols. J Org Chem 2021; 87:693-707. [PMID: 34928602 PMCID: PMC8749959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The catalyzed desymmetrizative
ring expansion of alkenylcyclobutanols
promoted by halofunctionalization of the alkene moiety with N-bromosuccinimide has been experimentally and computationally
studied. The reaction yields highly enantioenriched cyclopentanones
bearing two all-carbon quaternary stereocenters, one of them being
generated in the rearrangement of the cyclobutane ring and the other
by enantioselective desymmetrization. The reaction is competitive
with the formation of a spiroepoxide, but it turns completely selective
toward the cyclopentanone when a chiral bisphosphonium magnesium salt
is employed as a catalyst. Mechanistic studies support the formation
of an ion pair leading to a complex with only a unit of phosphoric
acid, which is the resting state of the catalytic cycle. Calculations
reproduce in an excellent way the observed reactivity and predict
the effect exerted by the substituents of the aromatic ring linked
to the double bond. The computational studies also revealed the reaction
as a highly asynchronous concerted process taking place as one kinetic
step but in two stages: (i) halogenation of the double bond and (ii)
rearrangement of the cyclobutane. No intermediates are present in
the reaction as energy minima. The experimental scope of the reaction
further confirms the predictions for the observed reactivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Capel
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Uxue Uria
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Pedron
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomas Tejero
- Instituto de Sintesis y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose L Vicario
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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158
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Hu X, Bian Q, Wang ZL, Guo LJ, Xu YZ, Wang G, Xu DZ. Four-Component Reaction Access to Nitrile-Substituted All-Carbon Quaternary Centers. J Org Chem 2021; 87:66-75. [PMID: 34905367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A four-component reaction strategy for access to acyclic nitrile-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers is disclosed. In the presence of a DABCO-based ionic liquid catalyst, the reactions proceed smoothly with a wide range of substrates efficiently to deliver nitrile-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers under mild reaction conditions. This protocol is further demonstrated as an efficient method for the construction of contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers. All the reactions are easily operated in a green manner, producing water as the only byproduct. Some of the products show excellent activity against specific fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Bian
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin-Jie Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi-Ze Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ge Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Da-Zhen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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159
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Modak A, Alegre-Requena JV, de Lescure L, Rynders KJ, Paton RS, Race NJ. Homologation of Electron-Rich Benzyl Bromide Derivatives via Diazo C-C Bond Insertion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:86-92. [PMID: 34898193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate C-C bonds for selective chemical transformations is challenging and represents a growing area of research. Here, we report a formal insertion of diazo compounds into the "unactivated" C-C bond of benzyl bromide derivatives catalyzed by a simple Lewis acid. The homologation reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of a phenonium ion, and the products contain benzylic quaternary centers and an alkyl bromide amenable to further derivatization. Computational analysis provides critical insight into the reaction mechanism, in particular the key selectivity-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Modak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Louis de Lescure
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kathryn J Rynders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Nicholas J Race
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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160
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Lou SJ, Luo G, Yamaguchi S, An K, Nishiura M, Hou Z. Modular Access to Spiro-dihydroquinolines via Scandium-Catalyzed Dearomative Annulation of Quinolines with Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20462-20471. [PMID: 34813697 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective construction of three-dimensional molecular architectures from planar aromatics such as quinolines is of great interest and importance from the viewpoint of both organic synthesis and drug discovery, but there still exist many challenges. Here, we report the scandium-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative spiro-annulation of quinolines with alkynes. This protocol offers an efficient and selective route for the synthesis of spiro-dihydroquinoline derivatives containing a quaternary carbon stereocenter with an unprotected N-H group from readily accessible quinolines and diverse alkynes, featuring high yields, high enantioselectivity, 100% atom-efficiency, and broad substrate scope. Experimental and density functional theory studies revealed that the reaction proceeded through the C-H activation of the 2-aryl substituent in a quinoline substrate by a scandium alkyl (or amido) species followed by alkyne insertion into the Sc-aryl bond and the subsequent dearomative 1,2-addition of the resulting scandium alkenyl species to the C═N unit in the quinoline moiety. This work opens a new avenue for the dearomatization of quinolines, leading to efficient and selective construction of spiro molecular architectures that were previously difficult to access by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Lou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kun An
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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161
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Okuno K, Hiraki M, Chan B, Shirakawa S. Non-Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution and Desymmetrization of α-Quaternary Carboxylic Acids via Chiral Bifunctional Sulfide-Catalyzed Bromolactonization. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okuno
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mana Hiraki
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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162
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Blieck R, Lemouzy S, van der Lee A, Taillefer M, Monnier F. Synergistic Copper/Enamine Catalysis for the Regio-, Stereo-, and Enantioselective Intermolecular α-Addition of Aldehydes to Allenamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:9199-9203. [PMID: 34780198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe an intermolecular enantioselective α-addition of aldehydes to allenamides using a dual copper/enamine catalytic system. Highly enantioselective addition of aldehydes was obtained thanks to secondary amine catalysts. The process was found to be highly regio-, stereo-, and enantioselective under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Blieck
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Lemouzy
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- IEM Université Montpellier 2 Case courrier 047 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Taillefer
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Monnier
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.,IUF Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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163
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Umekubo N, Taniguchi T, Monde K, Hayashi Y. Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes with a Quaternary Bridgehead Carbon by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether‐mediated Domino Reaction. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nariyoshi Umekubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Frontier Research Center of Advanced Material and Life Science Faculty of Advanced Life Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Frontier Research Center of Advanced Material and Life Science Faculty of Advanced Life Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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164
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Yu X, Zhang T, Liu J, Li X. Recent Advances in the Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1533-3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPalladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation (DAAA) provides an efficient and powerful strategy to construct quaternary stereocenters, which are widely present in biologically active natural products and approved drugs. In this short review, we summarize recent developments (since 2018) in the facile synthesis of quaternary stereocenters via DAAA methods. Several representative examples of the use of DAAA strategies for the total synthesis of complex natural products further demonstrate its synthetic potential in the realm of organic and medicinal chemistry.1 Introduction2 Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Palladium Catalyzed DAAA3 Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Pd-Catalyzed Interceptive DAAA4 Application of DAAA in Natural Product Synthesis5 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Jitian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
- Suzhou Institute of Shandong University
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165
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Zhou W, Zhou T, Tian M, Jiang Y, Yang J, Lei S, Wang Q, Zhang C, Qiu H, He L, Wang Z, Deng J, Zhang M. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Schizozygane Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19975-19982. [PMID: 34797070 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concise, collective, and asymmetric total syntheses of four schizozygane alkaloids, which feature a "Pan lid"-like hexacyclic core scaffold bearing up to six continuous stereocenters, including two quaternary ones, are described. A new method of dearomative cyclization of cyclopropanol onto the indole ring at C2 was developed to build the ABCF ring system of the schizozygane core with a ketone group. Another key skeleton-building reaction, the Heck/carbonylative lactamization cascade, ensured the rapid assembly of the hexacyclic schizozygane core and concurrent installation of an alkene group. By strategic use of these two reactions and through late-stage diversifications of the functionalized schizozygane core, the first and asymmetric total syntheses of (+)-schizozygine, (+)-3-oxo-14α,15α-epoxyschizozygine, and (+)-α-schizozygol and the total synthesis of (+)-strempeliopine have been accomplished in 11-12 steps from tryptamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Mengxing Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shuai Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chongzhou Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hanyue Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ling He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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166
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Wang J, He F, Yang X. Asymmetric construction of acyclic quaternary stereocenters via direct enantioselective additions of α-alkynyl ketones to allenamides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6700. [PMID: 34795297 PMCID: PMC8602376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyclic quaternary stereocenters are widely present in a series of biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. However, development of highly efficient asymmetric catalytic methods for the construction of these privileged motifs represents a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, an efficient chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed direct asymmetric addition of α-alkynyl acyclic ketones with allenamides has been developed, furnishing the acyclic all-carbon quaternary stereocenters with excellent regioselectivities and high enantioselectivities. Extensive and detailed experimental mechanistic studies were performed to investigate the mechanism of this reaction. Despite a novel covalent allyl phosphate intermediate was found in these reactions, further studies indicated that a SN2-type mechanism with the ketone nucleophiles is not very possible. Instead, a more plausible mechanism involving the elimination of the allyl phosphate to give the α,β-unsaturated iminium intermediate, which underwent the asymmetric conjugate addition with the enol form of ketone nucleophiles under chiral anion catalysis, was proposed. In virtue of the fruitful functional groups bearing in the chiral products, the diverse derivatizations of the chiral products provided access to a wide array of chiral scaffolds with quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Faqian He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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167
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Chen L, Pu M, Li S, Sang X, Liu X, Wu YD, Feng X. Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitriles Containing a Quaternary Carbon Center by Michael Reactions of Silyl Ketene Imines with 1-Acrylpyrazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19091-19098. [PMID: 34734697 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective construction of quaternary carbon centers is a marked challenge in asymmetric catalysis research. It is extremely difficult when a chiral catalyst can not distinguish the facial selectivity of the substrate through bond interactions. Here we realized an enantioselective Michael reaction of silyl ketene imines to 1-acrylpyrazoles using a chiral N,N'-dioxide-Co(II) complex. The protocol is highly efficient for the construction of nitrile-, aryl-, and dialkyl-bearing carbon centers and has been successful applied in the divergent synthesis of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The through-space dispersion interactions between unbound silyl ketene imines and the 1-acrylpyrazole-bonded catalyst play a key role in facilitating the reactivity and the enantioselectivity of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xinpeng Sang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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168
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Zhang D, Li M, Li J, Lin A, Yao H. Rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular enantioselective Alder-ene type reaction of cyclopentenes with silylacetylenes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6627. [PMID: 34785658 PMCID: PMC8595345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alder-ene type reaction between alkenes and alkynes provides an efficient and atom-economic method for the construction of C-C bond, which has been widely employed in the synthesis of natural products and other functional molecules. The intramolecular enantioselective Alder-ene cycloisomerization reactions of 1,n-enynes have been extensively investigated. However, the intermolecular asymmetric version has not been reported, and remains a challenging task. Herein, we describe a rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular enantioselective Alder-ene type reaction of cyclopentenes with silylacetylenes. A variety of chiral (E)-vinylsilane tethered cyclopentenes bearing one quaternary carbon and one tertiary carbon stereocenters are achieved in high yields and enantioselectivities. The reaction undergoes carbonyl-directed migratory insertion, β-H elimination and desymmetrization of prochiral cyclopentenes processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongquan Zhang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Li
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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169
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Zhang Z, Chen S, Tang F, Guo K, Liang XT, Huang J, Yang Z. Total Synthesis of (+)-Cyclobutastellettolide B. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18287-18293. [PMID: 34670366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convenient enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-cyclobutastellettolide B via a strategy that involves a diastereoselective Johnson-Claisen rearrangement, a regioselective cyclopropoxytrimethylsilane ring-opening reaction, and a Norrish-Yang cyclization is described. The results of computational and experimental studies indicate that the regio- and stereoselectivity of the Norrish-Yang reaction are controlled by the C-H bond dissociation energy and restricted rotation of the C13-C14 bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin-Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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170
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Enantioresolution and Binding Affinity Studies on Human Serum Albumin: Recent Applications and Trends. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between proteins and drugs or other bioactive compounds has been widely explored over the past years. Several methods for analysis of this phenomenon have been developed and improved. Nowadays, increasing attention is paid to innovative methods, such as high performance affinity liquid chromatography (HPALC) and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), taking into account various advantages. Moreover, the development of separation methods for the analysis and resolution of chiral drugs has been an area of ongoing interest in analytical and medicinal chemistry research. In addition to bioaffinity binding studies, both HPALC and ACE al-low one to perform other type of analyses, namely, displacement studies and enantioseparation of racemic or enantiomeric mixtures. Actually, proteins used as chiral selectors in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have unique enantioselective properties demonstrating suitability for the enantioseparation of a large variety of chiral drugs or other bioactive compounds. This review is mainly focused in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods using human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein, as chiral selector for binding affinity analysis and enantioresolution of drugs. For both analytical purposes, updated examples are presented to highlight recent applications and current trends.
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171
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Hiraki M, Okuno K, Nishiyori R, Noser AA, Shirakawa S. Efficient asymmetric syntheses of α-quaternary lactones and esters through chiral bifunctional sulfide-catalyzed desymmetrizing bromolactonization of α,α-diallyl carboxylic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10907-10910. [PMID: 34590630 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03874e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric halolactonizations are powerful methods for the syntheses of chiral lactones. Catalytic and highly enantioselective halolactonizations of α-allyl carboxylic acids, however, continue to present a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the chiral bifunctional sulfide-catalyzed desymmetrizing bromolactonizations of α,α-diallyl carboxylic acids. These reactions efficiently produced chiral α-quaternary lactones and esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Hiraki
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Ken Okuno
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Nishiyori
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Ahmed A Noser
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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172
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Wu Y, Xu B, Zhao G, Pan Z, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Palladium/
Xu‐Phos
Catalyzed Enantioselective Tandem Heck/Cacchi Reaction of Unactivated Alkenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Guofeng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhangjin Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhan‐Ming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
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173
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Rezayee NM, Rusbjerg M, Marx M, Linde ST, Jørgensen KA. Metal-free, Oxidative α-Coupling of Aldehydes with Amine Nucleophiles for the Preparation of Congested C(sp 3)-N Bonds. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1756-1766. [PMID: 34610236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article discloses the direct α-amination of α-branched aldehydes applying nitrogen-based nucleophiles. Under organocatalyzed, oxidative conditions α-branched aldehydes are umpoled to their electrophilic synthons and, subsequently, displaced by a variety of nucleophilic amines to form tetrasubstituted tertiary centers. A similar strategy has been previously employed to form congested C-C, C-O, and C-S bonds; however, unsatisfactory results were received when extending the methodology to include C-N bonds. Initially, intramolecular α-amination reactions were undertaken to foster dihydroquinoxaline-type products. A solvent exchange to the polar, aprotic solvent, MeNO2, proved critical to facilitate intermolecular α-C-N bond formation with a wide range of amine coupling partners (N-heterocycles, N,N-diaryl amines, and anilines). Application of the solvent exchange to the enantioselective SN2-DKR manifold provided distinct regimes leading to refinement in yield and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomaan M Rezayee
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Matilde Rusbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Marx
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sif T Linde
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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174
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Kayal S, Kikuchi J, Shinagawa N, Umemiya S, Terada M. Development of chiral bisphosphoric acid/boronic acid co-catalyst system for enantioselective SN2’ reaction. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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175
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Zhu Y, Wang H, Wang G, Wang Z, Liu Z, Liu L. Enantioselective Construction of Single and Vicinal All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters through Ion-Pair-Catalyzed 1,6-Conjugate Addition. Org Lett 2021; 23:7248-7253. [PMID: 34460272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric 1,6-conjugate addition to presynthesized δ-aryl-δ-cyano-disubstituted para-quinone methides through bifunctional phosphonium-amide-promoted ion-pair catalysis for acyclic all-carbon quaternary stereocenter construction has been described. Both acyclic and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls participate in the asymmetric alkylation reaction, furnishing a wide array of diarylmethanes bearing a single acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenter or vicinal cyclic and acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters with high efficiency and excellent stereoselectivity. Computational studies elucidate the origin of the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasheng Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhaopeng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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176
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Li Z, Li Y, Li X, Wu M, He ML, Sun J. Organocatalytic asymmetric formal oxidative coupling for the construction of all-aryl quaternary stereocenters. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11793-11798. [PMID: 34659717 PMCID: PMC8442720 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new catalytic asymmetric formal cross dehydrogenative coupling process for the construction of all-aryl quaternary stereocenters is disclosed, which provides access to rarely explored chiral tetraarylmethanes with excellent enantioselectivity. The suitable oxidation conditions and the hydrogen-bond-based organocatalysis have enabled efficient intermolecular C–C bond formation in an overwhelmingly crowded environment under mild conditions. para-Quinone methides bearing an ortho-directing group serve as the key intermediate. The precise loading of DDQ is critical to the high enantioselectivity. The chiral products have also been demonstrated as promising antiviral agents. A one-pot oxidation of racemic triarylmethanes to form para-quinone methides followed by enantioselective construction of all-aryl quaternary stereocenters has been developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518107 China
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xingguang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518107 China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd Shenzhen 518057 China
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177
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Zhang WQ, Shen HC. Nickel/Enamine Cooperative Catalysis Enables Highly Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of α-Branched Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Cheng Shen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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178
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Qiao J, Chang W, Zhao W, Liang Y, Wang S. Kinetic Resolution of Spiroindolines through Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylative Ring-Opening Reaction. Org Lett 2021; 23:6664-6668. [PMID: 34474574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic resolution of racemic spiroindolines with s factors of ≤15200 has been developed to access enantiomerically enriched indole-annulated medium-sized lactams and spiroindolines through Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylative ring-opening reaction. Density functional theory calculations support the idea that the accurate discrimination of two spiroindoline enantiomers by (η3-allyl)-iridium(III) species and the perfect central-to-axial chirality conversion during C-C bond fragmentation ensure the stereoselective formation of two contiguous stereogenic centers and one axis in the medium-sized lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenju Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaozhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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179
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Arribas A, Calvelo M, Fernández DF, Rodrigues CAB, Mascareñas JL, López F. Highly Enantioselective Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Hydrocarbonation of Alkenes: A Versatile Approach to Heterocyclic Systems Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arribas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - David F. Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Catarina A. B. Rodrigues
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) 36080 Pontevedra Spain
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180
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Arribas A, Calvelo M, Fernández DF, Rodrigues CAB, Mascareñas JL, López F. Highly Enantioselective Iridium(I)-Catalyzed Hydrocarbonation of Alkenes: A Versatile Approach to Heterocyclic Systems Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19297-19305. [PMID: 34137152 PMCID: PMC8456945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a versatile, highly enantioselective intramolecular hydrocarbonation reaction that provides a direct access to heteropolycyclic systems bearing chiral quaternary carbon stereocenters. The method, which relies on an iridium(I)/bisphosphine chiral catalyst, is particularly efficient for the synthesis of five-, six- and seven-membered fused indole and pyrrole products, bearing one and two stereocenters, with enantiomeric excesses of up to >99 %. DFT computational studies allowed to obtain a detailed mechanistic profile and identify a cluster of weak non-covalent interactions as key factors to control the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arribas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - David F. Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Catarina A. B. Rodrigues
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Misión Biológica de GaliciaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)36080PontevedraSpain
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181
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Wang K, Lin X, Liu Y, Li C. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C–H Functionalization for the Synthesis of Hydroquinolines through Intermolecular [4+2] Cycloadditions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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182
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Barløse CL, Østergaard NL, Bitsch RS, Iversen MV, Jørgensen KA. A Direct Organocatalytic Enantioselective Route to Functionalized
trans
‐Diels–Alder Products Having the Norcarane Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper L. Barløse
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Niklas L. Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - René S. Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Marc V. Iversen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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183
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Barløse CL, Østergaard NL, Bitsch RS, Iversen MV, Jørgensen KA. A Direct Organocatalytic Enantioselective Route to Functionalized trans-Diels-Alder Products Having the Norcarane Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18318-18327. [PMID: 34080269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective methodology to construct trans-Diels-Alder scaffolds by organocatalysis with excellent selectivity, high yield and up to five contiguous stereocenters is presented. The reaction concept integrates the halogen effect and a novel discovered pseudo-halogen effect to direct an endo-selective, secondary-amine catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction allowing for the subsequent formation of trans-Diels-Alder cycloadducts featuring the norcarene scaffold. The methodology relies on the reaction between an in situ generated trienamine and an α-brominated or α-pseudo-halogenated enone to form a fleeting cis-Diels-Alder intermediate. The endo-transition state-enhanced by the (pseudo-)halogen effect-sets the stereochemistry that allows for a subsequent SN 2-like reaction at a tertiary center to obtain the trans-Diels-Alder scaffold. The mechanism was investigated and supported by experimental results as well as computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper L Barløse
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niklas L Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - René S Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marc V Iversen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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184
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Yoshida M. Organocatalytic Asymmetric α-Allylation and Propargylation of α-Branched Aldehydes with Alkyl Halides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10921-10927. [PMID: 34264085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective α-allylation and -propargylation of α-branched aldehydes with alkyl halides was successfully performed using a chiral primary amino acid organocatalyst. This alkylation reaction, involving the generation of a chiral quaternary carbon stereocenter, proceeded smoothly in a mildly basic aqueous solution of potassium hydrogen carbonate to furnish α-allylated or -propargylated aldehydes in a good yield (up to 87%) and high enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshida
- Liberal Arts and Sciences, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Asahikawa College Shunkodai 2 jo 2-1-6, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 071-8142, Japan
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185
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Liu M, Wang X, Guo Z, Li H, Huang W, Xu H, Dai HX. Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Acyl-Carbamoylation of an Alkene to Construct an α-Quaternary Chiral Cycloketone. Org Lett 2021; 23:6299-6304. [PMID: 34350756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric acyl-carbamoylation of an alkene by employing thioesters as the acyl electrophiles and t-BuNC as the carbamoyl reagent, affording an α-quaternary chiral cycloketone in synthetically useful yields with excellent enantioselectivity. The reaction proceeded via asymmetric 1,2-migratory insertions of acyl-Pd into alkenes and subsequent migratory insertion of isocyanides into C(sp3)-PdII. The product could be diversified to some valuable skeletons with retention of enantiopurity, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziqiong Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanyuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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186
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Röser K, Berger B, Widhalm M, Waser M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Acyclic Orthogonally Functionalized Compounds Bearing a Quaternary Stereocenter Using Chiral Ammonium Salt Catalysis. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:756-759. [PMID: 34351087 PMCID: PMC8340069 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report an asymmetric protocol to access a series of orthogonally functionalized acyclic chiral target molecules containing a quaternary stereogenic center by carrying out the enantioselective α-alkylation of novel orthogonally functionalized dioxolane-containing cyanoacetates under chiral ammonium salt catalysis. By using just 1 mol % of Maruoka's spirocyclic ammonium salt catalysts enantioselectivities up to e.r.=97.5 : 2.5 could be achieved and further functional group manipulations of the products were carried out as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Röser
- Johannes Kepler University LinzInstitute of Organic ChemistryAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Bettina Berger
- University of ViennaInstitute of Chemical CatalysisWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Widhalm
- University of ViennaInstitute of Chemical CatalysisWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Mario Waser
- Johannes Kepler University LinzInstitute of Organic ChemistryAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
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187
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López E, Melis C, Martín R, Petti A, Hoz A, Díaz‐Ortíz Á, Dobbs AP, Lam K, Alcázar J. C(
sp
3
)−C(
sp
3
) Bond Formation
via
Electrochemical Alkoxylation and Subsequent Lewis Acid Promoted Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enol López
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Av. Camilo José Cela 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Carlo Melis
- School of Science The University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB United Kingdom
| | - Raúl Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Av. Camilo José Cela 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alessia Petti
- School of Science The University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Hoz
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Av. Camilo José Cela 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ángel Díaz‐Ortíz
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Av. Camilo José Cela 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Adrian P. Dobbs
- School of Science The University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Lam
- School of Science The University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Lead Discovery Janssen Research and Development Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75 A 45007 Toledo Spain
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188
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Ohmatsu K, Morita Y, Kiyokawa M, Ooi T. Catalytic Asymmetric Cyanoalkylation of Electron-Deficient Olefins with Potassium Cyanide and Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11218-11224. [PMID: 34270904 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective cyanoalkylation of electron-deficient olefins with potassium cyanide and alkyl halides was developed based on the utilization of modular chiral 1,2,3-triazolium salts featuring a hydrogen bond-donor ability as catalysts. The reaction involving multiple carbon-carbon bond formations proceeds via the enantioselective conjugate addition of a cyanide ion and the consecutive catalyst-controlled diastereoselective alkylation of intermediary chiral triazolium enolates. Control experiments revealed that the use of a properly tuned chiral triazolium ion as a catalyst and the presence of the cyano functionality in the intermediary enolate are of crucial importance for achieving high levels of acyclic absolute and relative stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Ohmatsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mari Kiyokawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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189
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Chen S, Zhang Z, Jiang C, Zhao C, Luo H, Huang J, Yang Z. Stereoselective Synthesis of trans-Decalin-Based Spirocarbocycles via Photocyclization of 1,2-Diketones. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18848-18859. [PMID: 34337224 PMCID: PMC8320103 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diastereoselective synthesis of the trans-decalin-based α-hydroxyl butanone spirocarbocycles bearing all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers has been achieved via Norrish-Yang photocyclization of trans-decalin-substituted-2,3-butanediones using daylight. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that this diastereoselective reaction is affected by both substrate conformation and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The developed chemistry could be applied to synthesizing the derivatives of the trans-decalin-based biologically important natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate
School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongchao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate
School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chongguo Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate
School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunbo Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate
School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haojie Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate
School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate
School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate
School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
(BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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190
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Anthony S, Wonilowicz LG, McVeigh MS, Garg NK. Leveraging Fleeting Strained Intermediates to Access Complex Scaffolds. JACS AU 2021; 1:897-912. [PMID: 34337603 PMCID: PMC8317162 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arynes, strained cyclic alkynes, and strained cyclic allenes were validated as plausible intermediates in the 1950s and 1960s. Despite initially being considered mere scientific curiosities, these transient and highly reactive species have now become valuable synthetic building blocks. This Perspective highlights recent advances in the field that have allowed access to structural and stereochemical complexity, including recent breakthroughs in asymmetric catalysis.
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191
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Silva TS, Coelho F. Methodologies for the synthesis of quaternary carbon centers via hydroalkylation of unactivated olefins: twenty years of advances. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1565-1590. [PMID: 34290837 PMCID: PMC8275869 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Olefin double-bond functionalization has been established as an excellent strategy for the construction of elaborate molecules. In particular, the hydroalkylation of olefins represents a straightforward strategy for the synthesis of new C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds, with concomitant formation of challenging quaternary carbon centers. In the last 20 years, numerous hydroalkylation methodologies have emerged that have explored the diverse reactivity patterns of the olefin double bond. This review presents examples of olefins acting as electrophilic partners when coordinated with electrophilic transition-metal complexes or, in more recent approaches, when used as precursors of nucleophilic radical species in metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer reactions. This unique reactivity, combined with the wide availability of olefins as starting materials and the success reported in the construction of all-carbon C(sp3) quaternary centers, makes hydroalkylation reactions an ideal platform for the synthesis of molecules with increased molecular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Silva
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154 - 13083-970, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154 - 13083-970, Campinas - SP, Brazil
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192
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Wu G, Wu JR, Huang Y, Yang YW. Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters by Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: A Review. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1864-1877. [PMID: 34014613 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary stereocenters are of great importance to the three-dimensionality and enhanced properties of new molecules, but the synthetic challenges in creating quaternary stereocenters greatly hinder their wide use in drug discovery, organic material design, and natural product synthesis. The asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of allylic substrates has proven to be a powerful methodology for enantioselective formation of structure skeletons bearing single or more quaternary carbon centers in modern asymmetric organocatalysis. AAA has certain advantages in constructing the tetrasubstituted stereocenters, including but not limited to mild reactive conditions, effective reaction rates, new functional group introduction, and carbon chains length extension. This review outlines the key considerations in the application of AAA reactions and summarizes the recent progress of AAA reactions in the enantioselective synthesis of products containing quaternary stereocenters. Meanwhile, a detailed discussion of the AAA reactions such as ligands, scope of substrates, transformations and the general reaction mechanisms is also provided. We hope this review could stimulate further advances in much broader areas, including organic synthesis, asymmetric catalysis, C-H activation, and symmetrical pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxin Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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193
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Liu X, Zhao C, Zhu R, Liu L. Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters Through Diastereo- and Enantioselective Oxidative 1,6-Conjugate Addition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18499-18503. [PMID: 34278672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric construction of vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters with at least one moiety in acyclic systems is a formidable challenge. We disclose a solution involving diastereo- and enantioselective oxidative 1,6-conjugate addition. The practical asymmetric cross-dehydrogenative coupling of 2,2-diarylacetonitriles and diverse α-substituted cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls proceeds, for vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters with one center in acyclic systems, in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. The generality of the approach is further demonstrated by the stereoselective creation of vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters with both centers in acyclic systems using acyclic β-ketoesters as coupling partners. Computational studies elucidate the origins of both diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigong Liu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Changyin Zhao
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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194
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Liu X, Zhao C, Zhu R, Liu L. Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters Through Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Oxidative 1,6‐Conjugate Addition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xigong Liu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Changyin Zhao
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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195
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Pan Z, Li W, Zhu S, Liu F, Wu H, Zhang J. Palladium/TY‐Phos‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intermolecular α‐Arylation of Aldehydes with Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjin Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
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196
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Palladium/TY‐Phos‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intermolecular α‐Arylation of Aldehydes with Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18542-18546. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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197
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Zhang XM, Li BS, Wang SH, Zhang K, Zhang FM, Tu YQ. Recent development and applications of semipinacol rearrangement reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9262-9274. [PMID: 34349896 PMCID: PMC8314203 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As has been well-recognized, semipinacol rearrangement functions as an exceptionally useful methodology in the synthesis of β-functionalized ketones, creation of quaternary carbon centers, and construction of challenging carbocycles. Due to their versatile utilities in organic synthesis, development of novel rearrangement reactions has been a vibrant topic that continues to shape the research field. Recent breakthroughs in novel electrophiles, tandem processes, and enantioselective catalytic transformations further enrich the toolbox of this chemistry and spur the strategic applications of this methodology in natural product synthesis. These achievements will be discussed in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bao-Sheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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198
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Xue S, Lücht A, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. Pd/Cu Dual-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Functional All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters from Vinyl Carbonates. Chemistry 2021; 27:10107-10114. [PMID: 33955608 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The challenging metal-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of highly functional quaternary carbon centers using decarboxylative C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond formation reactions is reported. The key substrate, a vinyl cyclic carbonate, is activated to provide concomitantly both the requisite nucleophile (by formal umpolung) and electrophile reaction partner preceding the asymmetric cross-coupling process. A wide screening of reaction conditions, additives and catalyst precursors afforded a protocol that gave access to a series of compounds featuring densely functionalized, elusive quaternary carbon stereocenters in appreciable yield and with enantiomeric ratios (er's) of up to 90 : 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Xue
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexander Lücht
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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199
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Yasui T, Nakazato Y, Kurisaki K, Yamamoto Y. Enantioselective Construction of 5‐6‐5 Tricyclic Lactone Framework Bearing a Quaternary Bridgehead Carbon via Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Enediynes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yasui
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuya Nakazato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Koutarou Kurisaki
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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200
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Biletskyi B, Colonna P, Masson K, Parrain JL, Commeiras L, Chouraqui G. Small rings in the bigger picture: ring expansion of three- and four-membered rings to access larger all-carbon cyclic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7513-7538. [PMID: 34002179 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The release of the inherent ring strain of cyclobutane and cyclopropane derivatives allows a rapid build-up of molecular complexity. This review highlights the state-of-the-art of the ring expansions of three- and four-membered cycles and is organised by types of reactions with emphasis on the reaction mechanisms. Selected examples are discussed to illustrate the synthetic potential of this elegant synthetic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Biletskyi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierre Colonna
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Kévin Masson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Commeiras
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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