151
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Sun S. Chemical Synthesis of Monodisperse Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sensitive Cancer Detection. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-013-9975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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152
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Nair S, Curiel DT, Rajaratnam V, Thota C, Al-Hendy A. Targeting adenoviral vectors for enhanced gene therapy of uterine leiomyomas. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:2398-406. [PMID: 23820419 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is targeted adenovirus vector, Ad-SSTR-RGD-TK (Adenovirus -human somatostatin receptor subtype 2- arginine, glycine and aspartate-thymidine kinase), given in combination with ganciclovir (GCV) against immortalized human leiomyoma cells (HuLM) a potential therapy for uterine fibroids? SUMMARY ANSWER Ad-SSTR-RGD-TK/GCV, a targeted adenovirus, effectively reduces cell growth in HuLM cells and to a significantly greater extent than in human uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSM). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas), a major cause of morbidity and the most common indication for hysterectomy in premenopausal women, are well-defined tumors, making gene therapy a suitable and potentially effective non-surgical approach for treatment. Transduction of uterine fibroid cells with adenoviral vectors such as Ad-TK/GCV (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene) decreases cell proliferation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An in vitro cell culture method was set up to compare and test the efficacy of a modified adenovirus vector with different multiplicities of infection in two human immortalized cell lines for 5 days. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Immortalized human leiomyoma cells and human uterine smooth muscle cells were infected with different multiplicities of infection (MOI) (5-100 plaque-forming units (pfu)/cell) of a modified Ad-SSTR-RGD-TK vector and subsequently treated with GCV. For comparison, HuLM and UtSM cells were transfected with Ad-TK/GCV and Ad-LacZ/GCV. Cell proliferation was measured using the CyQuant assay in both cell types. Additionally, western blotting was used to assess the expression of proteins responsible for regulating proliferation and apoptosis in the cells. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Transduction of HuLM cells with Ad-SSTR-RGD-TK/GCV at 5, 10, 50 and 100 pfu/cell decreased cell proliferation by 28, 33, 45, and 84%, respectively (P < 0.05) compared with untransfected cells, whereas cell proliferation in UtSM cells transfected with the same four MOIs of Ad-SSTR-RGD-TK/GCV compared with that of untransfected cells was decreased only by 8, 23, 25, and 28%, respectively (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that, in comparison with the untargeted vector Ad-TK, Ad-SSTR-RGD-TK/GCV more effectively reduced expression of proteins that regulate the cell cycle (Cyclin D1) and proliferation (PCNA, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen), and it induced expression of the apoptotic protein BAX, in HuLM cells. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Results from this study need to be replicated in an appropriate animal model before testing this adenoviral vector in a human trial. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Effective targeting of gene therapy to leiomyoma cells enhances its potential as a non-invasive treatment of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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153
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Yun Y, Cho YW, Park K. Nanoparticles for oral delivery: targeted nanoparticles with peptidic ligands for oral protein delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:822-32. [PMID: 23123292 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As the field of biotechnology has advanced, oral protein delivery has also made significant progress. Oral delivery is the most common method of drug administration with high levels of patient acceptance. Despite the preference of oral delivery, administration of therapeutic proteins has been extremely difficult. Increasing the bioavailability of oral protein drugs to the therapeutically acceptable level is still a challenging goal. Poor membrane permeability, high molecular weight, and enzymatic degradation of protein drugs have remained unsolved issues. Among diverse strategies, nanotechnology has provided a glimpse of hope in oral delivery of protein drugs. Nanoparticles have advantages, such as small size, high surface area, and modification using functional groups for high capacity or selectivity. Nanoparticles with peptidic ligands are especially worthy of notice because they can be used for specific targeting in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This article reviews the transport mechanism of the GI tract, barriers to protein absorption, current status and limitations of nanotechnology for oral protein delivery system.
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154
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Dijkgraaf I, Van de Vijver P, Dirksen A, Hackeng TM. Synthesis and application of cNGR-containing imaging agents for detection of angiogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3555-64. [PMID: 23643902 PMCID: PMC7125914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multi-step process regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a potential anti cancer treatment strategy that is now investigated clinically. In addition, advances in the understanding of the angiogenic process have led to the development of new angiogenesis therapies for ischemic heart disease. Currently, researchers search for objective measures that indicate pharmacological responses to pro- and anti-angiogenic drugs and therefore, there is a great interest in techniques to visualize angiogenesis noninvasively. As CD13 is selectively expressed in angiogenic blood vessels, it can serve as a target for molecular imaging tracers to noninvasively visualize angiogenic processes in animal models and patients. Here, an overview on the currently used CD13 targeted molecular imaging probes for noninvasive visualization of angiogenesis is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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155
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Majhen D, Richardson J, Vukelić B, Dodig I, Cindrić M, Benihoud K, Ambriović-Ristov A. The disulfide bond of an RGD4C motif inserted within the Hi loop of the adenovirus type 5 fiber protein is critical for retargeting to αv -integrins. J Gene Med 2013; 14:788-97. [PMID: 23169528 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The α(v) -integrin binding motif RGD4C (CDCRGDCFC) has been used extensively to circumvent inefficient adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) transduction of cells expressing low levels of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor. However, until now, it has been unclear whether disulfide bonds in the RGD4C motif influence the retargeting potential of RGD4C-modified Ad5. METHODS Replication deficient Ad5 bearing wild-type fiber (Ad5wt) or RGD4G, RGD4C and RGD2C2G insertions within the HI loop of the fiber protein (Ad5RGD4G, Ad5RGD4C and Ad5RGD2C2G, respectively) were used to transduce a panel of cancer cell lines, with or without previous treatment of these Ad5s with the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). In parallel, native and DTT-treated fiber proteins isolated from purified Ad5RGD4C were compared by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Ad5RGD4C transduced all studied cell lines much more efficiently than Ad5wt, whereas Ad5RGD4G transduced cells only slightly more efficiently than Ad5wt. DTT treatment had no effect on cell transduction by wild-type Ad5wt and Ad5RGD4G but abolished the increased transduction efficacy of Ad5RGD4C in a dose-dependent manner. The mass spectra of native and DTT-reduced tryptic digests of the Ad5RGD4C fiber protein are consistent with the presence of a C(547) -C(549) linkage in the C(547) DC(549) RGDC(553) FC(555) motif. Finally, the high transduction efficacy of Ad5RGD4C is conserved in Ad5RGD2C2G. CONCLUSIONS We provide genetic and biochemical data strongly suggesting that cysteines C(547) and C(549) from the C(547) DC(549) RGDC(553) FC(555) motif inserted in the HI loop of the Ad5 fiber form a single disulfide bond, with this disulfide bond being crucial for Ad5RGD4C retargeting to av-integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Genotoxic Agents, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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156
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Shukla GS, Krag DN, Peletskaya EN, Pero SC, Sun YJ, Carman CL, McCahill LE, Roland TA. Intravenous infusion of phage-displayed antibody library in human cancer patients: enrichment and cancer-specificity of tumor-homing phage-antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1397-410. [PMID: 23736951 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phage display is a powerful method for target discovery and selection of ligands for cancer treatment and diagnosis. Our goal was to select tumor-binding antibodies in cancer patients. Eligibility criteria included absence of preexisting anti-phage-antibodies and a Stage IV cancer status. All patients were intravenously administered 1 × 10(11) TUs/kg of an scFv library 1 to 4 h before surgical resection of their tumors. No significant adverse events related to the phage library infusion were observed. Phage were successfully recovered from all tumors. Individual clones from each patient were assessed for binding to the tumor from which clones were recovered. Multiple tumor-binding phage-antibodies were identified. Soluble scFv antibodies were produced from the phage clones showing higher tumor binding. The tumor-homing phage-antibodies and derived soluble scFvs were found to bind varying numbers (0-5) of 8 tested normal human tissues (breast, cervix, colon, kidney, liver, spleen, skin, and uterus). The clones that showed high tumor-specificity were found to bind corresponding tumors from other patients also. Clone enrichment was observed based on tumor binding and DNA sequence data. Clone sequences of multiple variable regions showed significant matches to certain cancer-related antibodies. One of the clones (07-2,355) that was found to share a 12-amino-acid-long motif with a reported IL-17A antibody was further studied for competitive binding for possible antigen target identification. We conclude that these outcomes support the safety and utility of phage display library panning in cancer patients for ligand selection and target discovery for cancer treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girja S Shukla
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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157
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Resnier P, Montier T, Mathieu V, Benoit JP, Passirani C. A review of the current status of siRNA nanomedicines in the treatment of cancer. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6429-43. [PMID: 23727262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference currently offers new opportunities for gene therapy by the specific extinction of targeted gene(s) in cancer diseases. However, the main challenge for nucleic acid delivery still remains its efficacy through intravenous administration. Over the last decade, many delivery systems have been developed and optimized to encapsulate siRNA and to specifically promote their delivery into tumor cells and improve their pharmacokinetics for anti-cancer purposes. This review aims to sum up the potential targets in numerous pathways and the properties of recently optimized siRNA synthetic nanomedicines with their preclinical applications and efficacy. Future perspectives in cancer treatment are discussed including promising concomitant treatment with chemotherapies or other siRNA. The outcomes in human clinical trials are also presented.
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158
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Bábíčková J, Tóthová Ľ, Boor P, Celec P. In vivo phage display--a discovery tool in molecular biomedicine. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1247-59. [PMID: 23623852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vivo phage display is a high-throughput method for identifying target ligands specific for different vascular beds. Targeting is possible due to the heterogeneous expression of receptors and other antigens in a particular vascular bed. Such expression is additionally influenced by the physiological or pathological status of the vasculature. In vivo phage display represents a technique that is usable in both, vascular mapping and targeted drug development. In this review, several important methodological aspects of in vivo phage display experiments are discussed. These include choosing an appropriate phage library, an appropriate animal model and the route of phage library administration. In addition, peptides or antibodies identified by in vivo phage display homing to specific types of vascular beds, including the altered vasculature present in several types of diseases are summarized. Still, confirmation in independent experiments and reproduction of identified sequences are needed for enhancing the clinical applicability of in vivo phage display research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Bábíčková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Division of Nephrology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
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159
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Lim EK, Kim B, Choi Y, Ro Y, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Ryu SH, Suh JS, Haam S, Huh YM. Aptamer-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles enable efficient targeted detection of integrin αvβ3 via magnetic resonance imaging. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:49-59. [PMID: 23568770 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of neovascularization and/or angiogenesis in cancer is acutely required for effective cancer therapy due to concerns about tumor growth and metastasis. In particular, integrin αvβ3 is closely associated with cell migration and invasion during angiogenesis. Hence, we developed aptamer(αvβ3)-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (Apt(αvβ3)-MNPs) to enable precise detection of integrin-expressing cancer cells using magnetic resonance imaging. Apt(αvβ3)-MNPs exhibited not only cytocompatibility, but also an efficient targeting ability with high magnetic sensitivity through in vitro/in vivo studies. The results of this study demonstrate that Apt(αvβ3)-MNPs have the potential to be used for accurate tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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160
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Lu Y, Zhong Y, Wang J, Su Y, Peng F, Zhou Y, Jiang X, He Y. Aqueous synthesized near-infrared-emitting quantum dots for RGD-based in vivo active tumour targeting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:135101. [PMID: 23478489 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/13/135101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been highly attractive for a myriad of bioapplications due to their unique optical properties. For bioimaging applications, QD-based in vivo specific tumour targeting is vitally important in the biological and biomedical fields. Aqueous synthesized QDs (aqQDs) exhibit excellent aqueous dispersibility without requiring any post-treatment and have small hydrodynamic diameters (generally <5 nm), which are highly useful for bioimaging applications. We herein present the first example of in vivo active tumour targeting using water-dispersed near-infrared-emitting aqQDs modified with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides. In vitro and in vivo studies (e.g., tumour cell labelling, histological analysis, and active tumour targeting) demonstrate that the prepared RGD-decorated aqQDs exhibit highly bio-specific properties, enabling sensitive and specific targeting of tumour sites in both cells and living animals. Our results suggest that the new class of RGD-decorated aqQDs are highly promising as fluorescent bioprobes for a wide range of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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161
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Tumour vasculature targeting agents in hybrid/conjugate drugs. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:503-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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162
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Jang BS, Park SH, Shin IS, Maeng JS, Paik CH. Biodistribution of 99mTc Labeled Integrin Antagonist. Toxicol Res 2013; 29:21-5. [PMID: 24278625 PMCID: PMC3834440 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2013.29.1.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective targeting of an integrin αvβ3 receptor using radioligands may enable the assessment of angiogenesis and integrin αvβ3 receptor status in tumors. The aim of this research was to label a peptidomimetic integrin αvβ3 antagonist (PIA) with 99mTc(CO)3 and to test its receptor targeting properties in nude mice bearing receptor-positive tumors. PIA was reacted with tris-succinimidyl aminotriacetate (TSAT) (20 mM) as a PIA per TSAT. The product, PIA-aminodiacetic acid (ADA), was radiolabeled with [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+1, and purified sequentially on a Sep-Pak C-18 cartridge followed by a Sep-Pak QMA anion exchange cartridge. Using gradient C-18 reverse-phase HPLC, the radiochemical purity of 99mTc(CO)3-ADA-PIA (retention time, 10.5 min) was confirmed to be > 95%. Biodistribution analysis was performed in nude mice (n = 5 per time point) bearing receptor-positive M21 human melanoma xenografts. The mice were administered 99mTc(CO)3-ADA-PIA intravenously. The animals were euthanized at 0.33, 1, and 2 hr after injection for the biodistribution study. A separate group of mice were also co-injected with 200 μg of PIA and euthanized at 1 hr to quantify tumor uptake. 99mTc(CO)3-ADA-PIA was stable in phosphate buffer for 21 hr, but at 3 and 6 hr, 7.9 and 11.5% of the radioactivity was lost as histidine, respectively. In tumor bearing mice, 99mTc(CO)3-ADA-PIA accumulated rapidly in a receptor-positive tumor with a peak uptake at 20 min, and rapid clearance from blood occurring primarily through the hepatobiliary system. At 20 min, the tumor-toblood ratio was 1.8. At 1 hr, the tumor uptake was 0.47% injected dose (ID)/g, but decreased to 0.12% ID/g when co-injected with an excess amount of PIA, indicating that accumulation was receptor mediated. These results demonstrate successful 99mTc labeling of a peptidomimetic integrin antagonist that accumulated in a tumor via receptor-specific binding. However, tumor uptake was very low because of low blood concentrations that likely resulted from rapid uptake of the agent into the hepatobiliary system. This study suggests that for 99mTc(CO)3-ADA-PIA to be useful as a tumor detection agent, it will be necessary to improve receptor binding affinity and increase the hydrophilicity of the product to minimize rapid hepatobiliary uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Su Jang
- RI-Biomics Research & Development Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Park
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - In Soo Shin
- Division of Biologics Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Osong, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Maeng
- Bio-nanotechnology Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Chang H. Paik
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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163
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164
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Staquicini FI, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Ligand-directed profiling: applications to target drug discovery in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:51-9. [PMID: 23480336 DOI: 10.1517/17460440802628152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generation of targeted therapy remains a major challenge in medicine. The development of drugs that can discriminate between tumor cells and non-malignant cells would improve efficacy and reduce general side effects. Phage display allows identification of specific supramolecular complexes that can target therapeutic compounds or imaging agents, both in vitro and in vivo. The use of phage display to identify molecules expressed on the surface of human cancer cells without bias, as well as to provide initial steps toward identification of a ligand/receptor-based map of the human microvasculature, has broad implications for drug discovery in general, especially for cancer therapy. OBJECTIVE/METHOD In this review, we discuss the use of phage display technology as a ligand-directed targeting strategy and its applications to drug discovery. CONCLUSION Compared to other existing drug discovery platforms, phage display technology has the advantage to provide valuable clues pointing to target proteins in an unbiased biological context. The result from various display library screenings indicates that in many cases the selected peptide motifs mimic biological ligands. Analysis of peptide motifs targeting a receptor provides a basis for rational drug design of targeted peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda I Staquicini
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA +1 713 792 3872 ; +1 713 745 0201 ;
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165
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Li B, Gao MH, Chu XM. Molecular mechanism of a novel CD59-binding peptide sp22 induced tumor cells apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3810-22. [PMID: 22821302 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Some short peptides discovered by phage display are found to be able to inhibit cancer growth and induce cancer cell apoptosis. In this study, a novel cancer-targeting short peptide which was composed of 22 amino acids (ACHWPWCHGWHSACDLPMHPMC, abbreviated as sp22) and specifically bound to human CD59 was screened from a M13 phage display library so as to counteract tumor immune escape activity. The mechanism of exogenous sp22 peptide in inducing apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was investigated. The results suggested that sp22 could lower CD59 expression level, downregulate Bcl-2 expression, activate Fas and caspase-3, and finally increase apoptotic cell numbers of MCF-7 cells. However, sp22 had no obvious influence on normal human embryonic lung cells. In addition, the effects of endogenous sp22 gene on CD59 expression and NKM cell apoptosis were explored using the recombinant plasmid sp22-PIRES. It showed that sp22 gene was efficiently expressed in transfected NKM cells. Compared with normal NKM cells, NKM cells transfected with sp22 displayed reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of CD59, increased sensitivity to complement-mediated cytolysis, decreased cell survival ratio, changes of the expression of apoptosis associated proteins, increased number of apoptotic cells and the appearance of apoptotic morphology. The results suggested that sp22 protein could bind to CD59 and inhibit the expression of CD59. The cytolytic activity of complement on tumor cells strengthened and apoptosis signal was stepwise transferred which might be a potential way to kill tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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166
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Wen AM, Rambhia PH, French RH, Steinmetz NF. Design rules for nanomedical engineering: from physical virology to the applications of virus-based materials in medicine. J Biol Phys 2013; 39:301-25. [PMID: 23860875 PMCID: PMC3662409 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-013-9314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical virology seeks to define the principles of physics underlying viral infections, traditionally focusing on the fundamental processes governing virus assembly, maturation, and disassembly. A detailed understanding of virus structure and assembly has facilitated the development and analysis of virus-based materials for medical applications. In this Physical Virology review article, we discuss the recent developments in nanomedicine that help us to understand how physical properties affect the in vivo fate and clinical impact of (virus-based) nanoparticles. We summarize and discuss the design rules that need to be considered for the successful development and translation of virus-based nanomaterials from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Wen
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Pooja H. Rambhia
- />Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Roger H. French
- />Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- />Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- />Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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167
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Eriste E, Kurrikoff K, Suhorutšenko J, Oskolkov N, Copolovici DM, Jones S, Laakkonen P, Howl J, Langel Ü. Peptide-Based Glioma-Targeted Drug Delivery Vector gHoPe2. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:305-13. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300370w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elo Eriste
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Jones
- Research Institute
in Healthcare
Science, School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Research
Programs Unit, Molecular
Cancer Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Finland
| | - John Howl
- Research Institute
in Healthcare
Science, School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ülo Langel
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
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168
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Gandra N, Abbineni G, Qu X, Huai Y, Wang L, Mao C. Bacteriophage bionanowire as a carrier for both cancer-targeting peptides and photosensitizers and its use in selective cancer cell killing by photodynamic therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:215-21. [PMID: 23047655 PMCID: PMC3703240 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A photosensitizer, pyropheophorbid-a (PPa), is conjugated to SKBR-3 breast cancer cell-specific biological nanowire phage, to form a novel PPa-phage complex, which is further successfully used in selectively killing SKBR-3 breast cancer cells by the mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Gandra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Gopal Abbineni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Xuewei Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Yanyan Huai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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169
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Terman DS, Viglianti BL, Zennadi R, Fels D, Boruta RJ, Yuan H, Dreher MR, Grant G, Rabbani ZN, Moon E, Lan L, Eble J, Cao Y, Sorg B, Ashcraft K, Palmer G, Telen MJ, Dewhirst MW. Sickle erythrocytes target cytotoxics to hypoxic tumor microvessels and potentiate a tumoricidal response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52543. [PMID: 23326340 PMCID: PMC3541382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of hypoxic solid tumor niches to chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains a major scientific challenge that calls for conceptually new approaches. Here we exploit a hitherto unrecognized ability of sickled erythrocytes (SSRBCs) but not normal RBCs (NLRBCs) to selectively target hypoxic tumor vascular microenviroment and induce diffuse vaso-occlusion. Within minutes after injection SSRBCs, but not NLRBCs, home and adhere to hypoxic 4T1 tumor vasculature with hemoglobin saturation levels at or below 10% that are distributed over 70% of the tumor space. The bound SSRBCs thereupon form microaggregates that obstruct/occlude up to 88% of tumor microvessels. Importantly, SSRBCs, but not normal RBCs, combined with exogenous prooxidant zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) induce a potent tumoricidal response via a mutual potentiating mechanism. In a clonogenic tumor cell survival assay, SSRBC surrogate hemin, along with H(2)O(2) and ZnPP demonstrate a similar mutual potentiation and tumoricidal effect. In contrast to existing treatments directed only to the hypoxic tumor cell, the present approach targets the hypoxic tumor vascular environment and induces injury to both tumor microvessels and tumor cells using intrinsic SSRBC-derived oxidants and locally generated ROS. Thus, the SSRBC appears to be a potent new tool for treatment of hypoxic solid tumors, which are notable for their resistance to existing cancer treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/immunology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Erythrocytes, Abnormal/immunology
- Erythrocytes, Abnormal/metabolism
- Erythrocytes, Abnormal/transplantation
- Female
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Hemin/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Hypoxia
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/therapy
- Protoporphyrins/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/immunology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Terman
- Molecular Genetics Program, Jenomic, Carmel, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DST); (MWD)
| | - Benjamin L. Viglianti
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rahima Zennadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diane Fels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Boruta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mathew R. Dreher
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Diagnostic Radiology Department, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gerald Grant
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zahid N. Rabbani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ejung Moon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Eble
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yiting Cao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurooncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian Sorg
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Ashcraft
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Greg Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marilyn J. Telen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DST); (MWD)
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170
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Reetz J, Herchenröder O, Schmidt A, Pützer BM. Vector Technology and Cell Targeting: Peptide-Tagged Adenoviral Vectors as a Powerful Tool for Cell Specific Targeting. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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171
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Xie J, Li Y, Cao Y, Xu C, Xia M, Qin M, Wei J, Wang W. Photo synthesis of protein-based drug-delivery nanoparticles for active tumor targeting. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1216-1222. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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172
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Xu S, Olenyuk BZ, Okamoto CT, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Targeting receptor-mediated endocytotic pathways with nanoparticles: rationale and advances. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:121-38. [PMID: 23026636 PMCID: PMC3565049 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of drugs and their carrier systems by using receptor-mediated endocytotic pathways was in its nascent stages 25 years ago. In the intervening years, an explosion of knowledge focused on design and synthesis of nanoparticulate delivery systems as well as elucidation of the cellular complexity of what was previously-termed receptor-mediated endocytosis has now created a situation when it has become possible to design and test the feasibility of delivery of highly specific nanoparticle drug carriers to specific cells and tissue. This review outlines the mechanisms governing the major modes of receptor-mediated endocytosis used in drug delivery and highlights recent approaches using these as targets for in vivo drug delivery of nanoparticles. The review also discusses some of the inherent complexity associated with the simple shift from a ligand-drug conjugate versus a ligand-nanoparticle conjugate, in terms of ligand valency and its relationship to the mode of receptor-mediated internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Bogdan Z. Olenyuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Curtis T. Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
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173
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Elevated expression of integrin αv and β5 subunit in laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma associated with lymphatic metastasis and angiogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 209:105-9. [PMID: 23261238 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past several years, the αv integrin subfamily has been repeatedly found to be involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the integrin αv subfamily in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to correlate the expression rate with tumor biological behavior and angiogenesis of the LSCC. The integrin αv subfamily, including αv, β1, β3, β5, β6 and β8 subunits, was immunohistochemically found to be expressed in 64 patients with LSCC, and we analyzed the relationship between the expression rate and the clinicopathological stage of this cancer. Immunohistochemical staining for CD105 was carried out in the same group of the patients. The intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) of the LSCC was calculated by CD105 staining, and the correlation between the IMVD and αv subfamily expression was discussed. The results showed that all members of the integrin αv subfamily could be detected in the LSCC. The expression rate of integrin αv and β5 subunits in primary cancer was significantly higher than in normal tissue, and their expression rate in the group with lymphatic metastasis was significantly higher than in the group without metastasis. The IMVD of the group with positive expression of αv and β5 subunits was significantly higher than in the group with negative expression, but there were no significant effects on the β1, β3, β6 and β8 subunits in these biological processes. In conclusion, the expressions of integrin αv and β5 subunits were significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis and angiogenesis of the LSCC. Among the members of integrin αv subfamily, integrin αvβ5 might play an important role in invasion and metastases of the LSCC, and it may become a valuable marker for the evolution of the LSCC.
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174
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Chen YC, Min CN, Wu HC, Lin CT, Hsieh WY. In vitro evaluation of the L-peptide modified magnetic lipid nanoparticles as targeted magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for the nasopharyngeal cancer. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:580-94. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328212466685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the encapsulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) by the lipid nanoparticle conjugated with the 12-mer peptides (RLLDTNRPLLPY, L-peptide), and the delivery of this complex into living cells. The lipid nanoparticles employed in this work were highly hydrophilic, stable, and contained poly(ethylene-glycol) for conjugation to the bioactive L-peptide. The particle sizes of two different magnetic lipid nanoparticles, L-peptide modified (LML) and non-L-peptide modified (ML), were both around 170 nm with a narrow range of size disparity. The transversal relaxivity, r2, for both LML and ML nanoparticles were found to be significantly higher than the longitudinal relaxivity r1 (r2/r1 > 20). The in vitro tumor cell targeting efficacy of the LML nanoparticles were evaluated and compared to the ML nanoparticles, upon observing cellular uptake of magnetic lipid nanoparticles by the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, which express cell surface specific protein for the L-peptide binding revealed. In the Prussian blue staining experiment, cells incubated with LML nanoparticles indicated much higher intracellular iron density than cells incubated with only the ML and SPION nanoparticles. In addition, the MTT assay showed the negligible cell cytotoxicity for LML, ML and SPION nanoparticles. The MR imaging studies demonstrate the better T2-weighted images for the LML-nanoparticle-loaded nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells than the ML- and SPION-loaded cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chu Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Na Min
- Institute and Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tarng Lin
- Institute and Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yuan Hsieh
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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175
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Jung E, Lee NK, Kang SK, Choi SH, Kim D, Park K, Choi K, Choi YJ, Jung DH. Identification of tissue-specific targeting peptide. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1267-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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176
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Jones DT, Lechertier T, Mitter R, Herbert JMJ, Bicknell R, Jones JL, Li JL, Buffa F, Harris AL, Hodivala-Dilke K. Gene expression analysis in human breast cancer associated blood vessels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44294. [PMID: 23056178 PMCID: PMC3462779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for solid tumour growth, whilst the molecular profiles of tumour blood vessels have been reported to be different between cancer types. Although presently available anti-angiogenic strategies are providing some promise for the treatment of some cancers it is perhaps not surprisingly that, none of the anti-angiogenic agents available work on all tumours. Thus, the discovery of novel anti-angiogenic targets, relevant to individual cancer types, is required. Using Affymetrix microarray analysis of laser-captured, CD31-positive blood vessels we have identified 63 genes that are upregulated significantly (5-72 fold) in angiogenic blood vessels associated with human invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast as compared with blood vessels in normal human breast. We tested the angiogenic capacity of a subset of these genes. Genes were selected based on either their known cellular functions, their enriched expression in endothelial cells and/or their sensitivity to anti-VEGF treatment; all features implicating their involvement in angiogenesis. For example, RRM2, a ribonucleotide reductase involved in DNA synthesis, was upregulated 32-fold in IDC-associated blood vessels; ATF1, a nuclear activating transcription factor involved in cellular growth and survival was upregulated 23-fold in IDC-associated blood vessels and HEX-B, a hexosaminidase involved in the breakdown of GM2 gangliosides, was upregulated 8-fold in IDC-associated blood vessels. Furthermore, in silico analysis confirmed that AFT1 and HEX-B also were enriched in endothelial cells when compared with non-endothelial cells. None of these genes have been reported previously to be involved in neovascularisation. However, our data establish that siRNA depletion of Rrm2, Atf1 or Hex-B had significant anti-angiogenic effects in VEGF-stimulated ex vivo mouse aortic ring assays. Overall, our results provide proof-of-principle that our approach can identify a cohort of potentially novel anti-angiogenic targets that are likley to be, but not exclusivley, relevant to breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Bevacizumab
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/immunology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanguy Lechertier
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Service, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M. J. Herbert
- Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J. Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Molecular Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Molecular Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Molecular Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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177
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Borcard F, Staedler D, Comas H, Juillerat FK, Sturzenegger PN, Heuberger R, Gonzenbach UT, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Gerber-Lemaire S. Chemical Functionalization of Bioceramics To Enhance Endothelial Cells Adhesion for Tissue Engineering. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7988-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301092r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Borcard
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Staedler
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Horacio Comas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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178
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Identification of a novel short peptide seal specific to CD59 and its effect on HeLa cell growth and apoptosis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:355-65. [PMID: 22945508 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, some small peptide ligands identified by phage display technologies have successfully been used in early cancer diagnostics and therapy. In the present study, a novel CD59-binding peptide was identified and its effect on HeLa cell growth and apoptosis was investigated. METHODS A phage display library was screened yielding a novel short peptide, sp22, that specifically binds to CD59, a protein that shows altered expression in various diseases, including cancer. The effect of ectopic sp22 administration and exogenous sp22 expression on the growth and apoptosis of HeLa cells was assessed. For the latter, we constructed and transfected a sp22-pIRES vector into HeLa cells. RESULTS Our results show that sp22 peptides can inhibit the level of CD59 mRNA expression, down-regulate Bcl-2 expression, increase Fas and caspase-3 expression, increase the level of cytolysis, and increase the apoptosis of HeLa cells. In contrast, sp22 peptides had no effect on normal human embryonic lung (HEL) cells exhibiting a relatively low CD59 expression level. Compared to untransfected HeLa cells, exogenously sp22 expressing HeLa cells showed a reduced CD59 expression, an increased complement-mediated lysis, a decreased cellular survival ratio, and an increase in apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION The newly identified sp22 peptide can, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibit CD59 expression. Concomitantly, sp22 can increase complement-mediated lysis and apoptosis signals. This information may be instrumental for the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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179
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Stoneham CA, Hollinshead M, Hajitou A. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and subsequent endo-lysosomal trafficking of adeno-associated virus/phage. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35849-59. [PMID: 22915587 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.369389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus/phage (AAVP) is a gene delivery vector constructed as a hybrid between adeno-associated virus and filamentous phage. Tumor targeting following systemic administration has previously been demonstrated in several in vivo cancer models, with tumor specificity achieved through display of an α(v) integrin-targeting ligand on the capsid. However, high titers of AAVP are required for transduction of large numbers of mammalian cells. This study is the first to investigate the mechanisms involved in entry and intracellular trafficking of AAVP. Using a combination of flow cytometry, confocal, and electron microscopy techniques, together with pharmacological agents, RNAi and dominant negative mutants, we have demonstrated that targeted AAVP endocytosis is both dynamin and clathrin-dependent. Following entry, the majority of AAVP particles are sequestered by the endosomal-lysosomal degradative pathway. Finally, we have demonstrated that disruption of this pathway leads to improved transgene expression by AAVP, thus demonstrating that escape from the late endosomes/lysosomes is a critical step for improving gene delivery by AAVP. These findings have important implications for the rational design of improved AAVP and RGD-targeted vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Stoneham
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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180
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Sultana S, Khan MR, Kumar M, Kumar S, Ali M. Nanoparticles-mediated drug delivery approaches for cancer targeting: a review. J Drug Target 2012; 21:107-25. [PMID: 22873288 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.712130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has become the leading cause of death among different populations of the world. The treatment is limited to chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Selective targeting to the tumor cells is possible by nanoparticles-based drug delivery system. It maximizes the drug concentration at the desired target and protects the surrounding healthy tissues at the same time. To improve the targeting potential of the anticancer drugs, nanoparticles were optimized for the size and surface characteristics to enhance their circulation time and targeting efficiency. Passive targeting involves surface modification with polyethylene glycol to avoid its elimination by natural body defense mechanism. Active targeting involves chemical interaction with certain antigen, receptors, and genes which are over expressed during progression of disease. In addition, the article highlights recent developments in "smart"-stimulus-responsive-drug carriers designed to enhance the localization and efficacy of therapeutic payloads as compared with free drug. Enhanced targeting potential, imaging, and controlled release of drugs or therapeutic molecules could be possible through multi-functional nanocarrier. Such multi-faceted, versatile nanocarriers and drug delivery systems promise a substantial increase in the efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in pharmaceutical sciences.
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181
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Targeted multifunctional multimodal protein-shell microspheres as cancer imaging contrast agents. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:17-24. [PMID: 21298354 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, protein-shell microspheres filled with a suspension of iron oxide nanoparticles in oil are demonstrated as multimodal contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (MM-OCT), and ultrasound imaging. The development, characterization, and use of multifunctional multimodal microspheres are described for targeted contrast and therapeutic applications. PROCEDURES A preclinical rat model was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the multimodal multifunctional microspheres as contrast agents in ultrasound, MM-OCT and MRI. Microspheres were functionalized with the RGD peptide ligand, which is targeted to α(v)β₃ integrin receptors that are over-expressed in tumors and atherosclerotic lesions. RESULTS These microspheres, which contain iron oxide nanoparticles in their cores, can be modulated externally using a magnetic field to create dynamic contrast in MM-OCT. With the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles, these agents also show significant negative T2 contrast in MRI. Using ultrasound B-mode imaging at a frequency of 30 MHz, a marked enhancement of scatter intensity from in vivo rat mammary tumor tissue was observed for these targeted protein microspheres. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results demonstrate multimodal contrast-enhanced imaging of these functionalized microsphere agents with MRI, MM-OCT, ultrasound imaging, and fluorescence microscopy, including in vivo tracking of the dynamics of these microspheres in real-time using a high-frequency ultrasound imaging system. These targeted oil-filled protein microspheres with the capacity for high drug-delivery loads offer the potential for local delivery of lipophilic drugs under image guidance.
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182
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Naik S, Patel D, Chuttani K, Mishra AK, Misra A. In vitro mechanistic study of cell death and in vivo performance evaluation of RGD grafted PEGylated docetaxel liposomes in breast cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:951-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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183
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Kanwar JR, Mahidhara G, Kanwar RK. Novel alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate-loaded iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin nanocarriers for oral delivery in colon cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1521-50. [PMID: 22734611 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop polymeric-ceramic nanocarriers (NCs) in order to achieve oral delivery of the anticancer neutraceutical iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin (Fe-bLf) protein. MATERIALS & METHODS Fe-bLf or paclitaxel (Taxol®) were adsorbed onto calcium phosphate nanocores, enclosed in biodegradable polymers chitosan and alginate. The Fe-bLf or Taxol-loaded NCs indicated as AEC-CP-Fe-bLf or AEC-CP-Taxol NCs, respectively, were made by combination of ionic gelation and nanoprecipitation. Size distribution, morphology, internalization and release profiles of the NCs were studied along with evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities and compared with paclitaxel. RESULTS AEC-CP-Fe-bLf NCs obtained spherical morphology and showed enhanced endocytosis, transcytosis and anticancer activity in Caco-2 cells in vitro. AEC-CP-Fe-bLf NCs were supplemented in an AIN 93G diet and fed to mice in both prevention and treatment human xenograft colon cancer models. AEC-CP-Fe-bLf NCs were found to be highly significantly effective when given orally, as a pretreatment, 1 week before Caco-2 cell injections. None of the mice from the AEC-CP-Fe-bLf NC-fed group developed tumors or showed any signs of toxicity, while the mice fed the control AIN 93G diet showed normal tumor growth. Fe-bLf or Taxol, when given orally in a diet as nanoformulations post-tumor development, showed a significant regression in the tumor size with complete inhibition of tumor growth later, while intratumoral injection of Taxol just delayed the growth of tumors. The pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies indicated that nanoformulated Fe-bLf was predominantly present on tumor cells compared to non-nanoformulated Fe-bLf. Fe-bLf-loaded NCs were found to help in absorption of iron and thus may have utility in enhancing the iron uptake during iron deficiency without interfering with the absorption of calcium. CONCLUSION With the promising results of our study, the future potential of NC-loaded Fe-bLf in chemoprevention and in the treatment of human colon cancer, deserves further investigation for translational research and preclinical studies of other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Technology Precinct, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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184
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Liu J, Gray WD, Davis ME, Luo Y. Peptide- and saccharide-conjugated dendrimers for targeted drug delivery: a concise review. Interface Focus 2012; 2:307-24. [PMID: 23741608 PMCID: PMC3363024 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers comprise a category of branched materials with diverse functions that can be constructed with defined architectural and chemical structures. When decorated with bioactive ligands made of peptides and saccharides through peripheral chemical groups, dendrimer conjugates are turned into nanomaterials possessing attractive binding properties with the cognate receptors. At the cellular level, bioactive dendrimer conjugates can interact with cells with avidity and selectivity, and this function has particularly stimulated interests in investigating the targeting potential of dendrimer materials for the design of drug delivery systems. In addition, bioactive dendrimer conjugates have so far been studied for their versatile capabilities to enhance stability, solubility and absorption of various types of therapeutics. This review presents a brief discussion on three aspects of the recent studies to use peptide- and saccharide-conjugated dendrimers for drug delivery: (i) synthesis methods, (ii) cell- and tissue-targeting properties and (iii) applications of conjugated dendrimers in drug delivery nanodevices. With more studies to elucidate the structure-function relationship of ligand-dendrimer conjugates in transporting drugs, the conjugated dendrimers hold promise to facilitate targeted delivery and improve drug efficacy for discovery and development of modern pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Warren D. Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Room 2127, Atlanta, GA 30322-0535, USA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Room 2127, Atlanta, GA 30322-0535, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative and Implantable Medical Devices, Room 408, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China
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185
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Graf N, Bielenberg DR, Kolishetti N, Muus C, Banyard J, Farokhzad OC, Lippard SJ. α(V)β(3) integrin-targeted PLGA-PEG nanoparticles for enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of a Pt(IV) prodrug. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4530-9. [PMID: 22584163 PMCID: PMC3358506 DOI: 10.1021/nn301148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumor neovasculature is potentially a powerful approach for selective cancer treatment. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins involved in cell adhesion and cell signaling, and their expression is commonly upregulated in cancers and inflammatory diseases. The α(v)β(3) integrin is differentially upregulated on angiogenic endothelial cells as well as on many cancer cells. Here we demonstrate the differential targeting of cisplatin prodrug-encapsulated poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) to the α(v)β(3) integrin on cancer cells using the cyclic pentapeptide c(RGDfK). Cisplatin is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, and approaches that can improve its therapeutic index are of broad importance. The RGD-targeted Pt(IV)-encapsulated NPs displayed enhanced cytotoxicity as compared to cisplatin administered in its conventional dosage form in model prostate and breast cancer epithelial cells in vitro. Cytotoxicities were also elevated in comparison to those of previously reported systems, a small molecule Pt(IV)-RGD conjugate and a Pt(IV) nanoscale coordination polymer carrying RGD moieties. This result encouraged us also to evaluate the anticancer effect of the new construct in an animal model. The RGD-targeted PLGA-PEG NPs were more efficacious and better tolerated by comparison to cisplatin in an orthotopic human breast cancer xenograft model in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Graf
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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186
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Ballard EN, Trinh VT, Hogg RT, Gerard RD. Peptide targeting of adenoviral vectors to augment tumor gene transfer. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:476-88. [PMID: 22595794 PMCID: PMC3380173 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 remains one of the most promising vectors for delivering genetic material to cancer cells for imaging or therapy, but optimization of these agents to selectively promote tumor cell infection is needed to further their clinical development. Peptide sequences that bind to specific cell surface receptors have been inserted into adenoviral capsid proteins to improve tumor targeting, often in the background of mutations designed to ablate normal ligand:receptor interactions and thereby reduce off target effects and toxicities in non-target tissues. Different tumor types also express highly variable complements of cell surface receptors, so a customized targeting strategy using a particular peptide in the context of specific adenoviral mutations may be needed to achieve optimal efficacy. To further investigate peptide targeting strategies in adenoviral vectors, we used a set of peptide motifs originally isolated using phage display technology that evince tumor specificity in vivo. To demonstrate their abilities as targeting motifs, we genetically incorporated these peptides into a surface loop of the fiber capsid protein to construct targeted adenovirus vectors. We then systematically evaluated the ability of these peptide targeted vectors to infect several tumor cell types, both in vitro and in vivo, in a variety of mutational backgrounds designed to reduce CAR and/or HSG-mediated binding. Results from this study support previous observations that peptide insertions in the HI loop of the fiber knob domain are generally ineffective when used in combination with HSG detargeting mutations. The evidence also suggests that this strategy can attenuate other fiber knob interactions, such as CAR-mediated binding, and reduce overall viral infectivity. The insertion of peptides into fiber proved more effective for targeting tumor cell types expressing low levels of CAR receptor, as this strategy can partially compensate for the very low infectivity of wild-type adenovirus in those cells. Nevertheless, the incorporation of relatively low affinity peptide ligands into the fiber knob, while effective in vitro, has only minimal targeting efficacy in vivo and highlights the importance of high affinity ligand:receptor interactions to achieve tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Ballard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
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187
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Abstract
Twenty years of oncolytic virus development have created a field that is driven by the potential promise of lasting impact on our cancer treatment repertoire. With the field constantly expanding-more than 20 viruses have been recognized as potential oncolytic viruses-new virus candidates continue to emerge even as established viruses reach clinical trials. They all share the defining commonalities of selective replication in tumors, subsequent tumor cell lysis, and dispersion within the tumor. Members from diverse virus classes with distinctly different biologies and host species have been identified. Of these viruses, 15 have been tested on human glioblastoma multiforme. So far, 20 clinical trials have been conducted or initiated using attenuated strains of 7 different oncolytic viruses against glioblastoma multiforme. In this review, we present an overview of viruses that have been developed or considered for glioblastoma multiforme treatment. We outline the principles of tumor targeting and selective viral replication, which include mechanisms of tumor-selective binding, and molecular elements usurping cellular biosynthetic machinery in transformed cells. Results from clinical trials have clearly established the proof of concept and have confirmed the general safety of oncolytic virus application in the brain. The moderate clinical efficacy has not yet matched the promising preclinical lab results; next-generation oncolytic viruses that are either "armed" with therapeutic genes or embedded in a multimodality treatment regimen should enhance the clinical results.
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188
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Peptides for cancer therapy: a drug-development opportunity and a drug-delivery challenge. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:609-21. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides (TPs) are a class of peptide-based agents capable of eliciting a therapeutic response by modulation of targets within or on the surface of cells. TPs are advantageous because they are amenable to rational design, they have high specificity for their targets and can be made to target almost any protein of interest, including proteins for which we have no small-molecule drugs. Owing to this versatility, TPs have a great potential for cancer therapy in an age of personalized medicine, in which we need novel drugs to target the many novel pathways being discovered as tumor drivers. However, in order to utilize TPs as drugs, many obstacles must be overcome. TPs have short half-lives in systemic circulation, are easily degraded by proteases in plasma and target cells, are often cleared by the reticuloendothelial system and can be immunogenic. This article will discuss ways of overcoming many of these hurdles by utilizing macromolecular peptide delivery systems and tumor-targeting agents.
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189
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Zhao P, Astruc D. Docetaxel nanotechnology in anticancer therapy. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:952-72. [PMID: 22517723 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Taxanes have been recognized as a family of very efficient anticancer drugs, but the formulation in use for the two main taxanes-Taxol for paclitaxel and Taxotere for docetaxel-have shown dramatic side effects. Whereas several new formulations for paclitaxel have recently appeared, such as Abraxane and others currently in various phases of clinical trials, there is no new formulation in clinical trials for the other main taxane, docetaxel, except BIND-014, a polymeric nanoparticle, which recently entered phase I clinical testing. Therefore, we review herein the state of the art and recent abundance in published results of academic approaches toward nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems containing nanocarriers and targeting agents for docetaxel formulations. These efforts will certainly enrich the spectrum of docetaxel treatments in the near future. Taxotere's systemic toxicity, low water solubility, and other side effects are significant problems that must be overcome. To avoid the limitations of docetaxel in clinical use, researchers have developed efficient drug-delivery assemblies that consist of a nanocarrier, a targeting agent, and the drug. A wide variety of such engineered nanosystems have been shown to transport and eventually vectorize docetaxel more efficiently than Taxotere in vitro, in vivo, and in pre-clinical administration. Recent progress in drug vectorization has involved a combined therapy and diagnostic ("theranostic") approach in a single drug-delivery vector and could significantly improve the efficiency of such an anticancer drug as well as other drug types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Zhao
- ISM, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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190
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Zhang XX, Eden HS, Chen X. Peptides in cancer nanomedicine: drug carriers, targeting ligands and protease substrates. J Control Release 2012; 159:2-13. [PMID: 22056916 PMCID: PMC3288222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are attracting increasing attention as therapeutic agents, as the technologies for peptide development and manufacture continue to mature. Concurrently, with booming research in nanotechnology for biomedical applications, peptides have been studied as an important class of components in nanomedicine, and they have been used either alone or in combination with nanomaterials of every reported composition. Peptides possess many advantages, such as smallness, ease of synthesis and modification, and good biocompatibility. Their functions in cancer nanomedicine, discussed in this review, include serving as drug carriers, as targeting ligands, and as protease-responsive substrates for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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191
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Svensen N, Walton JG, Bradley M. Peptides for cell-selective drug delivery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:186-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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192
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Rosen JE, Chan L, Shieh DB, Gu FX. Iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer imaging and diagnostics. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:275-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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193
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Wu J, Jiang Y, Yang W, He Z, Meng S, Zhang Q, Lin M, Zhang H, Li W, Yang Y, Jia Y, Qian L, Lu D, Cai W, Luo G, Wang Y, Zhu X, Li M. Dual function of RGD-modified VEGI-192 for breast cancer treatment. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:796-804. [PMID: 22455451 DOI: 10.1021/bc2006576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Identification of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors has led to development of an increasingly attractive strategy for cancer therapy and other angiogenesis-driven diseases. Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), a potent and relatively nontoxic endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, has been intensively studied, and this work shed new light on developing promising anti-angiogenic strategies. It is well-documented that the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif exhibits high binding affinity to integrin α(v)β(3), which is abundantly expressed in cancer cells and specifically associated with angiogenesis on tumors. Here, we designed a fusion protein containing the special RGD-4C motif sequence and VEGI-192, aimed at offering more effective multiple targeting to tumor cells and tumor vasculature, and higher anti-angiogenic and antitumor efficacy. Functional tests demonstrated that the purified recombinant human RGD-VEGI-192 protein (rhRGD-VEGI-192) potently inhibited endothelial growth in vitro and suppressed neovascularization in chicken chorioallantoic membrane in vivo, to a higher degree as compared with rhVEGI-192 protein. More importantly, rhRGD-VEGI-192, but not rhVEGI-192 protein, could potentially target MDA-MB-435 breast tumor cells, significantly inhibiting growth of MDA-MB-435 cells in vitro, triggered apoptosis in MDA-MB-435 cells by activation of caspase-8 as well as caspase-3, which was mediated by activating the JNK signaling associated with upregulation of pro-apoptotic protein Puma, and consequently led to the observed significant antitumor effect in vivo against a human breast cancer xenograft. Our study indicated that the RGD-VEGI-192 fusion protein might represent a novel anti-angiogenic and antitumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
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194
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Gormley AJ, Malugin A, Ray A, Robinson R, Ghandehari H. Biological evaluation of RGDfK-gold nanorod conjugates for prostate cancer treatment. J Drug Target 2012; 19:915-24. [PMID: 22082105 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.623701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective delivery of gold nanorods (GNRs) to sites of prostate tumor angiogenesis is potentially advantageous for localized photothermal therapy. Here, we report the cellular uptake and biodistribution of GNRs surface functionalized with the cyclic RGDfK peptide. The GNRs were synthesized to have a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 800?nm and grafted with a thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) corona with or without RGDfK. The binding and uptake of the targeted (RGDfK) and untargeted GNRs were evaluated in DU145 prostate cancer and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by high-resolution dark field microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biodistribution of both GNRs was then evaluated in prostate tumor bearing mice. Targeting of the RGDfK surface-modified GNRs was confirmed in vitro due to selective binding and uptake by endothelial cells. Tumor targeting was not observed in vivo, however, due to fast clearance of the RGDfK-GNRs from the blood. Further modifications of the nanoparticle?s surface properties are needed to enhance localization of the targetable system in sites of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Gormley
- Department of Bioengineering, Nano Institute of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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195
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In vivo tumor targeting imaging of cyclic RGD-modified heparin derivative to αvβ3-integrin expressing tumor. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-012-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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196
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Zeng J, Yu J, Huang J, Chang PR. Self-Assembled Polymeric Nanomicelles as Delivery Carriers for Antitumor Drug Camptothecin. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.562407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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197
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Lee GH, Chang Y, Kim TJ. Blood-Pool and Targeting MRI Contrast Agents: From Gd-Chelates to Gd-Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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198
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Lin Y, Yao W, Cheng Y, Qian H, Wang X, Ding Y, Wu W, Jiang X. Multifold enhanced T2 relaxation of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles by jamming them inside chitosan nanospheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15133b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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199
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Bohnsack JP, Assemi S, Miller JD, Furgeson DY. The primacy of physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials for reliable toxicity assessment: a review of the zebrafish nanotoxicology model. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 926:261-316. [PMID: 22975971 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have become increasingly prevalent in the past two decades in academic, medical, commercial, and industrial settings. The unique properties imbued with nanoparticles, as the physiochemical properties change from the bulk material to the surface atoms, present unique and often challenging characteristics that larger macromolecules do not possess. While nanoparticle characteristics are indeed exciting for unique chemistries, surface properties, and diverse applications, reports of toxicity and environmental impacts have tempered this enthusiasm and given cause for an exponential increase for concomitant nanotoxicology assessment. Currently, nanotoxicology is a steadily growing with new literature and studies being published more frequently than ever before; however, the literature reveals clear, inconsistent trends in nanotoxicological assessment. At the heart of this issue are several key problems including the lack of validated testing protocols and models, further compounded by inadequate physicochemical characterization of the nanomaterials in question and the seminal feedback loop of chemistry to biology back to chemistry. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are emerging as a strong nanotoxicity model of choice for ease of use, optical transparency, cost, and high degree of genomic homology to humans. This review attempts to amass all contemporary nanotoxicology studies done with the zebrafish and present as much relevant information on physicochemical characteristics as possible. While this report is primarily a physicochemical summary of nanotoxicity studies, we wish to strongly emphasize that for the proper evolution of nanotoxicology, there must be a strong marriage between the physical and biological sciences. More often than not, nanotoxicology studies are reported by groups dominated by one discipline or the other. Regardless of the starting point, nanotoxicology must be seen as an iterative process between chemistry and biology. It is our sincere hope that the future will introduce a paradigm shift in the approach to nanotoxicology with multidisciplinary groups for data analysis to produce predictive and correlative models for the end goal of rapid preclinical development of new therapeutics into the clinic or insertion into environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bohnsack
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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200
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Abstract
Development of nanoparticles for drug delivery has progressed by leaps and bounds over the last few decades, facilitating the possibility of an efficacious therapy for some fatal diseases. This development has stemmed from either the unsuitable physicochemical characteristics of the existing drug molecules, such as limited solubility and hence poor bioavailability, or the inadequacy of the conventional delivery systems to provide safe and efficient delivery. This chapter focuses on the precise need for the development of these novel nanoparticulate drug carriers and reasons for their popularity with the drug delivery scientists. The text also discusses the various strategies, including different formulation and targeting approaches, which have been adopted to overcome the challenges presented by the inherent properties of the drug molecules. Examples of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems which have already gained market approval have been cited in the discussion, wherever applicable.
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