151
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Valedkarimi Z, Nasiri H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Majidi J. Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins for improving efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:731-742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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152
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Gao Z, Li G, Li X, Zhou J, Duan X, Chen J, Joshi BP, Kuick R, Khoury B, Thomas DG, Fields T, Sabel MS, Appelman HD, Zhou Q, Li H, Kozloff K, Wang TD. In vivo near-infrared imaging of ErbB2 expressing breast tumors with dual-axes confocal endomicroscopy using a targeted peptide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14404. [PMID: 29089571 PMCID: PMC5663926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 expression in early breast cancer can predict tumor aggressiveness and clinical outcomes in large patient populations. Accurate assessment with physical biopsy and conventional pathology can be limited by tumor heterogeneity. We aim to demonstrate real-time optical sectioning using a near-infrared labeled ErbB2 peptide that generates tumor-specific contrast in human xenograft breast tumors in vivo. We used IRDye800CW as the fluorophore, validated performance characteristics for specific peptide binding to cells in vitro, and investigated peak peptide uptake in tumors using photoacoustic tomography. We performed real-time optical imaging using a handheld dual-axes confocal fluorescence endomicroscope that collects light off-axis to reduce tissue scattering for greater imaging depths. Optical sections in either the vertical or horizontal plane were collected with sub-cellular resolution. Also, we found significantly greater peptide binding to pre-clinical xenograft breast cancer in vivo and to human specimens of invasive ductal carcinoma that express ErbB2 ex vivo. We used a scrambled peptide for control. Peptide biodistribution showed high tumor uptake by comparison with other organs to support safety. This novel integrated imaging strategy is promising for visualizing ErbB2 expression in breast tumors and serve as an adjunct during surgery to improve diagnostic accuracy, identify tumor margins, and stage early cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Confocal/methods
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Optical Imaging/methods
- Peptides/chemistry
- Photoacoustic Techniques/methods
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Tomography/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Gao
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Gaoming Li
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Xue Li
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Juan Zhou
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Bishnu P Joshi
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Rork Kuick
- Dept of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Basma Khoury
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Tina Fields
- Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Michael S Sabel
- Dept of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Henry D Appelman
- Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Quan Zhou
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Haijun Li
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Ken Kozloff
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Thomas D Wang
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
- Dept of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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153
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Chen Y, Zhou Q, Li X, Wang F, Heist K, Kuick R, Owens SR, Wang TD. Ultrasmall Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoprobe Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2794-2803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology, ∥Department of Biostatistics, ⊥Department of Pathology, and #Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology, ∥Department of Biostatistics, ⊥Department of Pathology, and #Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology, ∥Department of Biostatistics, ⊥Department of Pathology, and #Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fa Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology, ∥Department of Biostatistics, ⊥Department of Pathology, and #Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin Heist
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology, ∥Department of Biostatistics, ⊥Department of Pathology, and #Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology, ∥Department of Biostatistics, ⊥Department of Pathology, and #Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Scott R. Owens
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology, ∥Department of Biostatistics, ⊥Department of Pathology, and #Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology, ∥Department of Biostatistics, ⊥Department of Pathology, and #Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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154
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Shi R, Huang L, Duan X, Sun G, Yin G, Wang R, Zhu JJ. Selective imaging of cancer cells with a pH-activatable lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 988:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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155
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LC–MS bioanalysis of Trastuzumab and released emtansine using nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis and liquid–liquid partition in plasma of Trastuzumab emtansine-treated breast cancer patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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156
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Immunoregulation by IL-7R-targeting antibody-drug conjugates: overcoming steroid-resistance in cancer and autoimmune disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10735. [PMID: 28878234 PMCID: PMC5587554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-resistance is a common complication in the treatment of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. IL-7/IL-7R signaling, which regulates lymphocyte growth and survival, has been implicated in the development of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. However, the biological significance of IL-7/IL-7R signaling in steroid treatment is poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel relationship between IL-7R signaling and steroid-resistance, and showed that an anti-IL-7R antibody conjugated with SN-38 (A7R-ADC-SN-38) has strong anti-tumor effects against both parental and steroid-resistant malignant cells. Furthermore, inflammation in the mouse autoimmune arthritis model was suppressed to greater extent by A7R-ADC conjugated to MMAE than by A7R-ADC-SN-38. Given that an increased proportion of IL-7R-positive cells is a common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, we found that specific depletion of this cell population abrogated the progression of disease. This suggests that the cytotoxicity and immunosuppressive capacity of A7R-ADC could be modulated to treat specific malignancies or autoimmune diseases through the introduction of different payloads, and represents a novel alternative to steroid therapy.
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157
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Binder U, Skerra A. PASylation®: A versatile technology to extend drug delivery. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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158
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Sharma SK, Bagshawe KD. Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (ADEPT): Trials and tribulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:2-7. [PMID: 28916498 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy has the potential to be an effective therapy for most common solid cancers. Clinical studies with CPG2 system have shown the feasibility of this approach. The key limitation has been immunogenicity of the enzyme. Technologies now exist to eliminate this problem. Non-immunogenic enzymes in combination with prodrugs that generate potent cytotoxic drugs can provide a powerful approach to cancer therapy. ADEPT has the potential to be non -toxic to normal tissue and can therefore be combined with other modalities including immunotherapy for greater clinical benefit.
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159
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Durbin KR, Nottoli MS, Catron ND, Richwine N, Jenkins GJ. High-Throughput, Multispecies, Parallelized Plasma Stability Assay for the Determination and Characterization of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Aggregation and Drug Release. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4207-4215. [PMID: 30023717 PMCID: PMC6044903 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The stability of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in circulation is critical for maximum efficacy and minimal toxicity. An ADC reaching the intended target intact can deliver the highest possible drug load to the tumor and reduce off-target toxicity from free drug in the blood. As such, assessment of ADC stability is a vital piece of data during development. However, traditional ADC stability assays can be manually intensive, low-throughput, and require large quantities of ADC material. Here, we introduce an automated, high-throughput plasma stability assay for screening drug release and aggregation over 144 h for up to 40 ADCs across five matrices simultaneously. The amount of ADC material during early drug development is often limited, so this assay was implemented in 384-well format to minimize material requirements to <100 μg of each ADC and 100 μL of plasma per species type. Drug release and aggregation output were modeled using nonlinear regression equations to calculate formation rates for each data type. A set of 15 ADCs with different antibodies and identical valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzylcarbamate-monomethylauristatin E linker-drug payloads was tested and formation rates were compared across ADCs and between species, revealing several noteworthy trends. In particular, a wide range in aggregation was found when altering only the antibody, suggesting a key role for plasma stability screening early in the development process to find and remove antibody candidates with the potential to create unstable ADCs. The assay presented here can be leveraged to provide stability data on new chemistry and antibody screening initiatives, select the best candidate for in vivo studies, and provide results that highlight stability issues inherent to particular ADC designs throughout all stages of ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Durbin
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics and Drug Product Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan
Drive, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United
States
| | - M. Shannon Nottoli
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics and Drug Product Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan
Drive, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United
States
| | - Nathaniel D. Catron
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics and Drug Product Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan
Drive, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United
States
| | - Nicole Richwine
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics and Drug Product Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan
Drive, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United
States
| | - Gary J. Jenkins
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics and Drug Product Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan
Drive, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United
States
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160
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Ho P, Ede C, Chen YY. Modularly Constructed Synthetic Granzyme B Molecule Enables Interrogation of Intracellular Proteases for Targeted Cytotoxicity. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:1484-1495. [PMID: 28510446 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies promise to increase the safety and efficacy of treatments against diseases ranging from cancer to viral infections. However, the vast majority of targeted therapeutics relies on the recognition of extracellular biomarkers, which are rarely restricted to diseased cells and are thus prone to severe and sometimes-fatal off-target toxicities. In contrast, intracellular antigens present a diverse yet underutilized repertoire of disease markers. Here, we report a protein-based therapeutic platform-termed Cytoplasmic Oncoprotein VErifier and Response Trigger (COVERT)-which enables the interrogation of intracellular proteases to trigger targeted cytotoxicity. COVERT molecules consist of the cytotoxic protein granzyme B (GrB) fused to an inhibitory N-terminal peptide, which can be removed by researcher-specified proteases to activate GrB function. We demonstrate that fusion of a small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) protein to GrB yields a SUMO-GrB molecule that is specifically activated by the cancer-associated sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1). SUMO-GrB selectively triggers apoptotic phenotypes in HEK293T cells that overexpress SENP1, and it is highly sensitive to different SENP1 levels across cell lines. We further demonstrate the rational design of additional COVERT molecules responsive to enterokinase (EK) and tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp), highlighting the COVERT platform's modularity and adaptability to diverse protease targets. As an initial step toward engineering COVERT-T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy, we verified that primary human T cells can express, package, traffic, and deliver engineered GrB molecules in response to antigen stimulation. Our findings set the foundation for future intracellular-antigen-responsive therapeutics that can complement surface-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ho
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher Ede
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yvonne Y. Chen
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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161
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Zhou J, He L, Pang Z, Appelman HD, Kuick R, Beer DG, Li M, Wang TD. Identification and validation of FGFR2 peptide for detection of early Barrett's neoplasia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87095-87106. [PMID: 29152066 PMCID: PMC5675618 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rising rapidly, and early detection within the precursor state of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is challenged by flat premalignant lesions that are difficult detect with conventional endoscopic surveillance. Overexpression of cell surface fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is an early event in progression of BE to EAC, and is a promising imaging target. We used phage display to identify the peptide SRRPASFRTARE that binds specifically to the extracellular domain of FGFR2. We labeled this peptide with a near-infrared fluorophore Cy5.5, and validated the specific binding to FGFR2 overexpressed in cells in vitro. We found high affinity kd = 68 nM and rapid binding k = 0.16 min-1 (6.2 min). In human esophageal specimens, we found significantly greater peptide binding to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) versus either BE or normal squamous epithelium, and good correlation with anti-FGFR2 antibody. We also observed significantly greater peptide binding to excised specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cancer compared to normal mucosa. These results demonstrate potential for this FGFR2 peptide to be used as a clinical imaging agent to guide tissue biopsy and improve methods for early detection of EAC and potentially other epithelial-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Lei He
- Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhijun Pang
- Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Henry D Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - David G Beer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Thomas D Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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162
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Krzyscik M, Zakrzewska M, Sørensen V, Sokolowska-Wedzina A, Lobocki M, Swiderska KW, Krowarsch D, Wiedlocha A, Otlewski J. Cytotoxic Conjugates of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) with Monomethyl Auristatin E for Effective Killing of Cells Expressing FGF Receptors. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3792-3805. [PMID: 30023704 PMCID: PMC6044718 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of anticancer therapeutics that combine the selectivity of targeted treatment, ensured by monoclonal antibodies, with the potency of the cytotoxic agent. Here, we applied an analogous approach, but instead of an antibody, we used fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). FGF2 is a natural ligand of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), a cell-surface receptor reported to be overexpressed in several types of tumors. We developed and characterized FGF2 conjugates containing a defined number of molecules of highly cytotoxic drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). These conjugates effectively targeted FGFR1-expressing cells, were internalized upon FGFR1-mediated endocytosis, and, in consequence, revealed high cytotoxicity, which was clearly related to the FGFR1 expression level. Among the conjugates tested, the most potent was that bearing three MMAE molecules, showing that the cytotoxicity of protein-drug conjugates in vitro is directly dependent on drug loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz
Adam Krzyscik
- Department
of Protein Engineering and Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department
of Protein Engineering and Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vigdis Sørensen
- Department of Core Facilities and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Sokolowska-Wedzina
- Department
of Protein Engineering and Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michal Lobocki
- Department
of Protein Engineering and Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Weronika Swiderska
- Department
of Protein Engineering and Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Krowarsch
- Department
of Protein Engineering and Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wiedlocha
- Department of Core Facilities and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department
of Protein Engineering and Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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163
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ImmunoPET Imaging of αvβ6 Expression Using an Engineered Anti-αvβ6 Cys-diabody Site-Specifically Radiolabeled with Cu-64: Considerations for Optimal Imaging with Antibody Fragments. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 20:103-113. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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164
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Vagias A, Sergelen K, Koynov K, Košovan P, Dostalek J, Jonas U, Knoll W, Fytas G. Diffusion and Permeation of Labeled IgG in Grafted Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Vagias
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Sergelen
- Biosensor
Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse
11, Wien 1190, Austria
- International
Graduate School on Bionanotechnology, University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - K. Koynov
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P. Košovan
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Dostalek
- Biosensor
Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse
11, Wien 1190, Austria
| | - U. Jonas
- Macromolecular
Chemistry, Department Chemistry - Biology, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - W. Knoll
- Biosensor
Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse
11, Wien 1190, Austria
| | - G. Fytas
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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165
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Furuki K, Toyo'oka T. Determination of thiol-to-protein ratio and drug-to-antibody ratio by in-line size exclusion chromatography with post-column reaction. Anal Biochem 2017; 527:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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166
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Zhang RR, Schroeder AB, Grudzinski JJ, Rosenthal EL, Warram JM, Pinchuk AN, Eliceiri KW, Kuo JS, Weichert JP. Beyond the margins: real-time detection of cancer using targeted fluorophores. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:347-364. [PMID: 28094261 PMCID: PMC5683405 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, synergistic innovations in imaging technology have resulted in a revolution in which a range of biomedical applications are now benefiting from fluorescence imaging. Specifically, advances in fluorophore chemistry and imaging hardware, and the identification of targetable biomarkers have now positioned intraoperative fluorescence as a highly specific real-time detection modality for surgeons in oncology. In particular, the deeper tissue penetration and limited autofluorescence of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging improves the translational potential of this modality over visible-light fluorescence imaging. Rapid developments in fluorophores with improved characteristics, detection instrumentation, and targeting strategies led to the clinical testing in the early 2010s of the first targeted NIR fluorophores for intraoperative cancer detection. The foundations for the advances that underline this technology continue to be nurtured by the multidisciplinary collaboration of chemists, biologists, engineers, and clinicians. In this Review, we highlight the latest developments in NIR fluorophores, cancer-targeting strategies, and detection instrumentation for intraoperative cancer detection, and consider the unique challenges associated with their effective application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray R Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Alexandra B Schroeder
- Medical Engineering, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, UW-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Joseph J Grudzinski
- Department of Medical Physics, UW-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Center, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Warram
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Anatoly N Pinchuk
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Medical Engineering, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, UW-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Jamey P Weichert
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, UW-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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167
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Yasunaga M, Manabe S, Tsuji A, Furuta M, Ogata K, Koga Y, Fujiwara Y, Saga T, Matsumura Y. Development of ADCs Using Molecular Imaging. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:535-544. [PMID: 28458285 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise an antibody, a linker, and a drug or payload. The selection of a tumor-specific antibody and development of a linker having an efficient controlled drug release (CDR) are critical steps in developing a fully functional and effective ADC. In our research strategy, molecular imaging technologies have been employed to evaluate the efficiency of antibody delivery and CDR of the linker. In preclinical setting, antibody delivery into the tumor area or antibody penetration through the tumor stroma in malignant lymphoma or pancreatic tumor was evaluated by in vivo fluorescence imaging technique. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies were conducted using 89Zr-labeled antibody to evaluate tumor targeting in a spontaneous carcinogenesis model. The model had dense stroma and was pathophysiologically very similar to human cancer. The drug imaging system, using microscopic mass spectroscopy (MMS) with enhanced resolution and sensitivity, was used for the evaluation of CDR. Paclitaxel (PTX)-incorporated micelle, a high-molecular-weight (HMW) carrier with CDR, showing similar properties as those of ADC, was analyzed. In contrast to free PTX, micelle selectively increased drug accumulation into the tumor and reduced toxicity in normal tissues by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Our drug imaging system has been used recently to evaluate the CDR of the ADC-linker. We present our work on the development of ADC using a molecular imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center
| | | | - Atsushi Tsuji
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
| | | | | | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
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168
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Manabe S. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Element Technology and General Technology. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:523-524. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00255-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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169
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Pandit-Taskar N, Veach DR, Fox JJ, Scher HI, Morris MJ, Larson SM. Evaluation of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Androgen Receptor-Axis Imaging. J Nucl Med 2017; 57:73S-78S. [PMID: 27694177 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.170134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the lethal form of prostate cancer, and more than 26,000 men will die from this disease in 2016. The pathophysiology of CRPC is clearly multifactorial, but most often, androgen receptor (AR) upregulation is associated with its earliest beginnings and the AR increase is part of the multimolecular complex including downstream effector proteins linked to AR (AR-axis) responsible for rapid proliferation and malignant features of the malignant cell. In both animal models and patients, glycolysis (Warburg effect) is also an early manifestation of CRPC transformation. At Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, we have focused our energies on imaging studies of the AR-axis in CRPC, using 18F-FDG, 18F-16β-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (18F-FDHT), and a variety of radiolabeled antibodies targeting downstream effectors, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Small-molecular-weight PSMA-targeting agents are not part of this review. In this review, we will focus on molecular imaging of the AR-axis in metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) and discuss our personal experience with these tracers. Our goal is to put these radiopharmaceuticals in the context of mCRPC biology and diagnosis (e.g., 18F-FDHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Darren R Veach
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Josef J Fox
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
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170
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Xu B, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Wang B, Liang H, Li X, Fang Y, Han S, Li X, Fan C, Dai J. A Dual Functional Scaffold Tethered with EGFR Antibody Promotes Neural Stem Cell Retention and Neuronal Differentiation for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28233428 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation is a promising strategy to restore neuronal relays and neurological function of injured spinal cord because of the differentiation potential into functional neurons, but the transplanted NSCs often largely diffuse from the transplanted site and mainly differentiate into glial cells rather than neurons due to the adverse microenviornment after spinal cord injury (SCI). This paper fabricates a dual functional collagen scaffold tethered with a collagen-binding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody to simultaneously promote NSCs retention and neuronal differentiation by specifically binding to EGFR molecule expressed on NSCs and attenuating EGFR signaling, which is responsible for the inhibition of differentiation of NSCs toward neurons. Compared to unmodified control scaffold, the dual functional scaffold promotes the adhesion and neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Moreover, the implantation of the dual functional scaffold with exogenous NSCs in rat SCI model can capture and retain NSCs at the injury sites, and promote the neuronal differentiation of the retained NSCs into functional neurons, and finally dedicate to improving motor function of SCI rats, which provides a potential strategy for synchronously promoting stem cell retention and differentiation with biomaterials for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Xu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research; Division of Nanobiomedicine; Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research; Division of Nanobiomedicine; Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research; Division of Nanobiomedicine; Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
- Center for Regenerative Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Sufang Han
- Center for Regenerative Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research; Division of Nanobiomedicine; Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Caixia Fan
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research; Division of Nanobiomedicine; Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research; Division of Nanobiomedicine; Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
- Center for Regenerative Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
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171
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Louage B, De Wever O, Hennink WE, De Geest BG. Developments and future clinical outlook of taxane nanomedicines. J Control Release 2017; 253:137-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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172
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A novel 4-arm DNA/RNA Nanoconstruct triggering Rapid Apoptosis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells within 24 hours. Sci Rep 2017; 7:793. [PMID: 28400564 PMCID: PMC5429792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring at ~30 nm, a fully customizable holliday junction DNA nanoconstruct, was designed to simultaneously carry three unmodified SiRNA strands for apoptosis gene knockout in cancer cells without any assistance from commercial transfection kits. In brief, a holliday junction structure was intelligently designed to present one arm with a cell targeting aptamer (AS1411) while the remaining three arms to carry different SiRNA strands by means of DNA/RNA duplex for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. By carrying the three SiRNA strands (AKT, MDM2 and Survivin) into triple negative breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, cell number had reduced by up to ~82% within 24 hours solely from one single administration of 32 picomoles. In the immunoblotting studies, up-elevation of phosphorylated p53 was observed for more than 8 hours while the three genes of interest were suppressed by nearly half by the 4-hour mark upon administration. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate high cell selectivity of the nanoconstruct and did not exhibit usual morphological stress induced from liposomal-based transfection agents. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this system represents the first of its kind in current literature utilizing a short and highly customizable holliday DNA junction to carry SiRNA for apoptosis studies.
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173
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Abstract
Molecular imaging allows for the visualization of changes at the cellular level in diseases such as cancer. A successful molecular imaging agent must rely on disease-selective targets and ligands that specifically interact with those targets. Unfortunately, the translation of novel target-specific ligands into the clinic has been frustratingly slow with limitations including the complex design and screening approaches for ligand identification, as well as their subsequent optimization into useful imaging agents. This review focuses on combinatorial library approaches towards addressing these two challenges, with particular focus on phage display and one-bead one-compound (OBOC) libraries. Both of these peptide-based techniques have proven successful in identifying new ligands for cancer-specific targets and some of the success stories will be highlighted. New developments in screening methodology and sequencing technology have pushed the bounds of phage display and OBOC even further, allowing for even faster and more robust discovery of novel ligands. The combination of multiple high-throughput technologies will not only allow for more accurate identification, but also faster affinity maturation, while overall streamlining the process of translating novel ligands into clinical imaging agents.
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174
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Gourni E, Henriksen G. Metal-Based PSMA Radioligands. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040523. [PMID: 28338640 PMCID: PMC6154343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies for which great progress has been made in identifying appropriate molecular targets that would enable efficient in vivo targeting for imaging and therapy. The type II integral membrane protein, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on prostate cancer cells in proportion to the stage and grade of the tumor progression, especially in androgen-independent, advanced and metastatic disease, rendering it a promising diagnostic and/or therapeutic target. From the perspective of nuclear medicine, PSMA-based radioligands may significantly impact the management of patients who suffer from prostate cancer. For that purpose, chelating-based PSMA-specific ligands have been labeled with various diagnostic and/or therapeutic radiometals for single-photon-emission tomography (SPECT), positron-emission-tomography (PET), radionuclide targeted therapy as well as intraoperative applications. This review focuses on the development and further applications of metal-based PSMA radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gourni
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway.
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre Ltd., P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
| | - Gjermund Henriksen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway.
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre Ltd., P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
- Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway.
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175
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A new construct of antibody-drug conjugates for treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 103:36-46. [PMID: 28249824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new class of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with the potential to not only enhance treatment efficacy but also improve tolerability for patients with B-cell lymphomas. Classic ADCs consist of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) linked to drugs or toxins. They selectively deliver toxic moieties to tumor cells. As such, they greatly improve the therapeutic index compared to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. However, the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ADCs are dependent on linker stability and payload toxicity. Limited payload number on a single antibody (drug-to-antibody ratio, or DAR) has been driving investigators to use extremely toxic agents; however, even very low off-target binding of these ADCs may kill patients. Herein we report a new design of ADCs that consists of rituximab (RTX) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-epirubicin conjugates. The latter was selectively attached to RTX via reduced disulfide bonds. Such design allows the introduction of a large payload of drug on the antibody without adding attachment sites and without compromising the antigen-targeting ability. The binding of the new conjugate, namely RTX-P-EPI, to Ramos cells (with high CD20 expression) was confirmed. The cytotoxicity of RTX-P-EPI against Raji and Ramos cells was also determined. Interestingly, two-fold inhibition of cell proliferation was observed when using RTX-P-EPI compared with their equivalent physical mixture of RTX and P-EPI. Treatment of male SCID mice bearing subcutaneous Ramos B-cell lymphoma tumors demonstrated that RTX-P-EPI possessed superior efficacy when compared to combination of RTX with chemotherapy EPI (RTX+EPI) and P-EPI (RTX+P-EPI), whereas single RTX and a non-specific conjugate IgG-P-EPI only showed marginal effect. The conjugate RTX-EPI in which EPI was directly attached to RTX demonstrated much less antitumor activity compared with RTX-P-EPI. The results suggest that this new design possesses synergistic potential of immunotherapy combined with established macromolecular therapy; moreover, a conventional chemo-agent could be utilized to generate highly effective ADCs and to achieve lower risk of off-target toxicity.
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176
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Gravimetric Viral Diagnostics: QCM Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Viruses. CHEMOSENSORS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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177
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Escobar Ivirico JL, Bhattacharjee M, Kuyinu E, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Regenerative Engineering for Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment: Biomaterials and Cell-Based Technologies. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2017; 3:16-27. [PMID: 35392109 PMCID: PMC8986132 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide. The incidence of this disease is rising and its treatment poses an economic burden. Two early targets of knee OA treatment include the predominant symptom of pain, and cartilage damage in the knee joint. Current treatments have been beneficial in treating the disease but none is as effective as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, while TKA is an end-stage solution of the disease, it is an invasive and expensive procedure. Therefore, innovative regenerative engineering strategies should be established as these could defer or annul the need for a TKA. Several biomaterial and cell-based therapies are currently in development and have shown early promise in both preclinical and clinical studies. The use of advanced biomaterials and stem cells independently or in conjunction to treat knee OA could potentially reduce pain and regenerate focal articular cartilage damage. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of pain and cartilage damage in knee OA and explore novel treatment options currently being studied, along with some of their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Escobar Ivirico
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Maumita Bhattacharjee
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Emmanuel Kuyinu
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Corresponding author.
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178
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Liu R, Chen X, Dushime J, Bogalhas M, Lazar AC, Ryll T, Wang L. The impact of trisulfide modification of antibodies on the properties of antibody-drug conjugates manufactured using thiol chemistry. MAbs 2017; 9:490-497. [PMID: 28136017 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1285478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising biotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. The careful monitoring of critical quality attributes is important for ADCs' development, manufacturing and production. In this work, the effect of the presence of a trisulfide bond in the monoclonal antibody (mAb) conjugated to DM4 cytotoxic payload through a disulfide-bond linker sulfo-SPDB (sSPDB) was investigated. Three lots of antibody containing variable levels of trisulfide bonds were used. The identity and levels of trisulfide bonds were determined by liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. The antibodies were conjugated to sSPDB-DM4 to generate ADCs. Further analysis indicated that the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) value, a critical quality attribute, slightly increased for the conjugates made from antibody containing higher levels of trisulfide bond. Also, higher fragmentation levels were observed in the conjugates with more trisulfide bond. Detailed characterization by MS revealed that a small amount of DM4 payload was directly attached to inter-chain cysteine residues by disulfide or trisulfide bonds. Overall, our investigation indicated that the trisulfide bond present in the mAb could react with DM4 during the conjugation process. Therefore, the presence of trisulfide bonds in the antibody moiety should be carefully monitored and well controlled during the development of a maytansinoid ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Liu
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Xuan Chen
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Junia Dushime
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Megan Bogalhas
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Alexandru C Lazar
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Thomas Ryll
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Lintao Wang
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
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179
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Mayer AT, Natarajan A, Gordon SR, Maute RL, McCracken MN, Ring AM, Weissman IL, Gambhir SS. Practical Immuno-PET Radiotracer Design Considerations for Human Immune Checkpoint Imaging. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:538-546. [PMID: 27980047 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.177659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a promising cancer treatment paradigm. Unfortunately, there are still a large number of patients and malignancies that do not respond to therapy. A major barrier to validating biomarkers for the prediction and monitoring of responders to clinical checkpoint blockade has been the lack of imaging tools to accurately assess dynamic immune checkpoint expression. Here, we sought to optimize noninvasive immuno-PET imaging of human programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, in a preclinical model, using a small high-affinity engineered protein scaffold (HAC-PD1). Six HAC-PD1 radiotracer variants were developed and used in preclinical imaging and biodistribution studies to assess their ability to detect human PD-L1 expression in vivo. Radiotracer design modifications included chelate, glycosylation, and radiometal. HACA-PD1 was adopted as the naming convention for aglycosylated tracer variants. NOD scid γ-(NSG) mice were inoculated with subcutaneous tumors engineered to either be constitutively positive (CT26 hPD-L1) or be negative (ΔmPD-L1 CT26) for human PD-L1 expression. When the tumors had grown to an average size of 1 cm in diameter, mice were injected with 0.75-2.25 MBq (∼10 μg) of an engineered radiotracer variant and imaged. At 1 h after injection, organs were harvested for biodistribution. Of the practical immuno-PET tracer modifications considered, glycosylation was the most prominent design factor affecting tracer uptake, specificity, and clearance. In imaging studies, aglycosylated 64Cu-NOTA-HACA-PD1 most accurately visualized human PD-L1 expression in vivo. We reasoned that because of the scaffold's small size (14 kDa), its pharmacokinetics may be suitable for labeling with the short-lived and widely clinically available radiometal 68Ga. At 1 h after injection, 68Ga-NOTA-HACA-PD1 and 68Ga-DOTA-HACA-PD1 exhibited promising target-to-background ratios in ex vivo biodistribution studies (12.3 and 15.2 tumor-to-muscle ratios, respectively). Notably, all HAC-PD1 radiotracer variants enabled much earlier detection of human PD-L1 expression (1 h after injection) than previously reported radiolabeled antibodies (>24 h after injection). This work provides a template for assessing immuno-PET tracer design parameters and supports the translation of small engineered protein radiotracers for imaging human immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Sydney R Gordon
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Roy L Maute
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Melissa N McCracken
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aaron M Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California .,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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180
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Gao J, Li W, Guo Y, Feng SS. Nanomedicine strategies for sustained, controlled and targeted treatment of cancer stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:3261-3282. [PMID: 27854161 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are original cancer cells that are of characteristics associated with normal stem cells. CSCs are toughest against various treatments and thus responsible for cancer metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, development of specific and effective treatment of CSCs plays a key role in improving survival and life quality of cancer patients, especially those in the metastatic stage. Nanomedicine strategies, which include prodrugs, micelles, liposomes and nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers, could substantially improve the therapeutic index of conventional therapeutics due to its manner of sustained, controlled and targeted delivery of high transportation efficiency across the cell membrane and low elimination by intracellular autophagy, and thus provide a practical solution to solve the problem encountered in CSCs treatment. This review gives briefly the latest information to summarize the concept, strategies, mechanisms and current status as well as future promises of nanomedicine strategies for treatment of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, the Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Guo
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Si-Shen Feng
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E5, 02-11, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore.,Suzhou NanoStar Biopharm Inc. Ltd, BioBay, Bld B2, Unit 604, 218 Xing-Hu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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181
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Maza JC, Howard CA, Vipani MA, Travis CR, Young DD. Utilization of alkyne bioconjugations to modulate protein function. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:30-33. [PMID: 27894869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to introduce or modify protein function has widespread application to multiple scientific disciplines. The introduction of unique unnatural amino acids represents an excellent mechanism to incorporate new functionality; however, this approach is limited by ability of the translational machinery to recognize and incorporate the chemical moiety. To overcome this potential limitation, we aimed to exploit the functionality of existing unnatural amino acids to perform bioorthogonal reactions to introduce the desired protein modification, altering its function. Specifically, via the introduction of a terminal alkyne containing unnatural amino acid, we demonstrated chemically programmable protein modification through the Glaser-Hay coupling to other terminal alkynes, altering the function of a protein. In a proof-of-concept experiment, this approach has been utilized to modify the fluorescence spectrum of green fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan C Maza
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Christina A Howard
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Megha A Vipani
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Christopher R Travis
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Douglas D Young
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
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182
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Bzymek KP, Avery KA, Ma Y, Horne DA, Williams JC. Natural and non-natural amino-acid side-chain substitutions: affinity and diffraction studies of meditope-Fab complexes. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:820-830. [PMID: 27834791 PMCID: PMC5101583 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16016149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, multiple crystal structures of meditope peptide derivatives incorporating natural and unnatural amino acids bound to the cetuximab Fab domain are presented. The affinity of each derivative was determined by surface plasmon resonance and correlated to the atomic structure. Overall, it was observed that the hydrophobic residues in the meditope peptide, Phe3, Leu5 and Leu10, could accommodate a number of moderate substitutions, but these invariably reduced the overall affinity and half-life of the interaction. In one case, the substitution of Phe3 by histidine led to a change in the rotamer conformation, in which the imidazole ring flipped to a solvent-exposed position. Based on this observation, Phe3 was substituted by diphenylalanine and it was found that the phenyl rings in this variant mimic the superposition of the Phe3 and His3 structures, producing a moderate increase, of 1.4-fold, in the half-life of the complex. In addition, it was observed that substitution of Leu5 by tyrosine and glutamate strongly reduced the affinity, whereas the substitution of Leu5 by diphenylalanine moderately reduced the half-life (by approximately fivefold). Finally, it was observed that substitution of Arg8 and Arg9 by citrulline dramatically reduced the overall affinity, presumably owing to lost electrostatic interactions. Taken together, these studies provide insight into the meditope-cetuximab interaction at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof P. Bzymek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kendra A. Avery
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yuelong Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David A. Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John C. Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1710 Flower Street, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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183
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Antibody-drug conjugates: Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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184
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Unverdorben F, Richter F, Hutt M, Seifert O, Malinge P, Fischer N, Kontermann RE. Pharmacokinetic properties of IgG and various Fc fusion proteins in mice. MAbs 2016; 8:120-8. [PMID: 26514880 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1113360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion to an IgG Fc region is an established strategy to extend the half-life of therapeutic proteins. Most Fc fusion proteins, however, do not achieve the long half-life of IgGs. Based on findings that scFv-Fc fusion proteins exhibit a shorter half-life than the corresponding IgG molecules, we performed a comparative study of different antibody-derived Fc fusion proteins. We could confirm that fusion of single-chain Fv (scFv) and single-chain diabody (scDb) molecules to an Fc region yields in fusion proteins with substantially extended half-lives compared with the single-chain versions. However, even fusion proteins with a size similar to that of IgG, e.g., scDb-Fc, did not have a half-life as long as an IgG molecule. Binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) under acidic and neutral conditions was similar for IgG and all Fc fusion proteins. However, we observed differences between IgG and the Fc fusion proteins for dissociation of FcRn-bound proteins induced by shifting from acidic to neutral pH, reflecting the physiological release mechanism, further supporting a contribution of the kinetics of pH-dependent release from FcRn to the pharmacokinetic properties of IgG and Fc fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Unverdorben
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology; University of Stuttgart ; Allmandring 31; 70569 ; Stuttgart ; Germany
| | - Fabian Richter
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology; University of Stuttgart ; Allmandring 31; 70569 ; Stuttgart ; Germany
| | - Meike Hutt
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology; University of Stuttgart ; Allmandring 31; 70569 ; Stuttgart ; Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology; University of Stuttgart ; Allmandring 31; 70569 ; Stuttgart ; Germany
| | - Pauline Malinge
- b Novimmune; 14 chemin des Aulx; 1228 Plan-les-Ouates ; Geneva ; Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fischer
- b Novimmune; 14 chemin des Aulx; 1228 Plan-les-Ouates ; Geneva ; Switzerland
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology; University of Stuttgart ; Allmandring 31; 70569 ; Stuttgart ; Germany
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185
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Liko F, Hindré F, Fernandez-Megia E. Dendrimers as Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals in Cancer Radionanotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3103-3114. [PMID: 27608327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used cancer treatments, with an estimate of 40% success that could be improved further if more efficient targeting and retention of radiation at the tumor site were achieved. This review focuses on the use of dendrimers in radionanotherapy, an emerging technology aimed to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy by implementing nanovectorization, an already established praxis in drug delivery and diagnosis. The labeling of dendrimers with radionuclides also aims to reduce the dose of radiolabeled materials and, hence, their toxicity and tumor resistance. Examples of radiolabeled dendrimers with alpha, beta, and Auger electron emitters are commented, along with the use of dendrimers in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The conjugation of radiolabeled dendrimers to monoclonal antibodies for a more efficient targeting and the application of dendrimers in gene delivery radiotherapy are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flonja Liko
- INSERM U 1066, 'Micro et Nanomédecines biomimétiques - MINT', and Plateforme de Radiobiologie et d'IMagerie EXpérimentale, PRIMEX, SFR ICAT 4208, Université Angers, UMR-S1066, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France.,Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - François Hindré
- INSERM U 1066, 'Micro et Nanomédecines biomimétiques - MINT', and Plateforme de Radiobiologie et d'IMagerie EXpérimentale, PRIMEX, SFR ICAT 4208, Université Angers, UMR-S1066, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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186
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Romani C, Cocco E, Bignotti E, Moratto D, Bugatti A, Todeschini P, Bandiera E, Tassi R, Zanotti L, Pecorelli S, Sartori E, Odicino FE, de Marco A, Santin AD, Ravaggi A, Mitola S. Evaluation of a novel human IgG1 anti-claudin3 antibody that specifically recognizes its aberrantly localized antigen in ovarian cancer cells and that is suitable for selective drug delivery. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34617-28. [PMID: 26416446 PMCID: PMC4741477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane protein claudin3 has been recently suggested as a marker for biologically aggressive tumors and a possible target for the therapeutic delivery of active anti-cancer compounds. Claudin3-binding molecules such as the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), CPE-related molecules, and murine and chimeric antibodies have shown promising antitumor efficacy in preclinical oncological settings. We first engineered a fully human anti-claudin3 IgG1 antibody (IgGH6) by fusing the human IgG1 Fc-domain to the anti-claudin3 scFvH6 previously isolated from a pre-immune phage display library. The construct was expressed in mammalian cells and specifically targeted claudin3 endogenously expressed on the surface of different human ovarian cancer cell lines. No detectable cross-reactivity with other homologous claudins was observed. The epitope recognized by IgGH6 is located within the minor extracellular domain of claudin3 and becomes accessible only in tumor cells characterized by incomplete junction formation. Confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated that IgGH6 was actively internalized in tumor cells after binding to native claudin3 and co-localized, likely within intracellular vesicles, with the C-CPE peptide. Preliminary results indicate that IgGH6 accumulated in vivo in free claudin3 ovarian carcinoma xenografts. For its selective uptake in tumor cells and its human nature, IgGH6 represents a valuable candidate for antibody-drug conjugate therapeutic applications in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Romani
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cocco
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Bignotti
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Laboratory of Genetic Disorders of Childhood, Angelo Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Paola Todeschini
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bandiera
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Renata Tassi
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Zanotti
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Pecorelli
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sartori
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco E Odicino
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ario de Marco
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, Vipava, Slovenia
| | | | - Antonella Ravaggi
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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187
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Pandit-Taskar N, O'Donoghue JA, Ruan S, Lyashchenko SK, Carrasquillo JA, Heller G, Martinez DF, Cheal SM, Lewis JS, Fleisher M, Keppler JS, Reiter RE, Wu AM, Weber WA, Scher HI, Larson SM, Morris MJ. First-in-Human Imaging with 89Zr-Df-IAB2M Anti-PSMA Minibody in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, Dosimetry, and Lesion Uptake. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1858-1864. [PMID: 27516450 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.176206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a phase I dose-escalation study with 89Zr-desferrioxamine-IAB2M (89Zr-IAB2M), an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen minibody, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. METHODS Patients received 185 MBq (5 mCi) of 89Zr-IAB2M and Df-IAB2M at total mass doses of 10 (n = 6), 20 (n = 6), and 50 mg (n = 6). Whole-body and serum clearance, normal-organ and lesion uptake, and radiation absorbed dose were estimated, and the effect of mass escalation was analyzed. RESULTS Eighteen patients were injected and scanned without side effects. Whole-body clearance was monoexponential, with a median biologic half-life of 215 h, whereas serum clearance showed biexponential kinetics, with a median biologic half-life of 3.7 (12.3%/L) and 33.8 h (17.9%/L). The radiation absorbed dose estimates were 1.67, 1.36, and 0.32 mGy/MBq to liver, kidney, and marrow, respectively, with an effective dose of 0.41 mSv/MBq (1.5 rem/mCi). Both skeletal and nodal lesions were detected with 89Zr-IAB2M, most visualized by 48-h imaging. CONCLUSION 89Zr-IAB2M is safe and demonstrates favorable biodistribution and kinetics for targeting metastatic prostate cancer. Imaging with 10 mg of minibody mass provides optimal biodistribution, and imaging at 48 h after injection provides good lesion visualization. Assessment of lesion targeting is being studied in detail in an expansion cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Shutian Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge A Carrasquillo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Glenn Heller
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Danny F Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah M Cheal
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Martin Fleisher
- Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Anna M Wu
- ImaginAb, Inc., Inglewood, California; and
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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188
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Chen Y, Kim MT, Zheng L, Deperalta G, Jacobson F. Structural Characterization of Cross-Linked Species in Trastuzumab Emtansine (Kadcyla). Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2037-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Protein Analytical
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Michael T. Kim
- Department of Protein Analytical
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Laura Zheng
- Department of Protein Analytical
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Galahad Deperalta
- Department of Protein Analytical
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Fred Jacobson
- Department of Protein Analytical
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
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189
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Guo R, Guo W, Cao L, Liu H, Liu J, Xu H, Huang W, Wang F, Hong Z. Fusion of an albumin-binding domain extends the half-life of immunotoxins. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:538-549. [PMID: 27457423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotoxins have documented potential as a cancer treatment due to their extreme potency; a single toxin molecule delivered to the cytosol may be sufficient to kill a cell. However, their short half-life in the circulatory system may be one of the key problems associated with the clinical use of immunotoxins and may continue to limit their therapeutic activity. Herein, we genetically fused an albumin-binding domain (ABD) to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific immunotoxin ZHER2-PE38 to extend the circulation time and thus improve the therapeutic outcome of this immunotoxin. Furthermore, the fusion of an ABD to the immunotoxin was found to promote non-covalent interactions between the immunotoxin and serum albumin, which rescue the immunotoxin from lysosomal degradation through a serum albumin-mediated interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). This manuscript reports the construction, purification, and characterization of the ABD-fused HER2-specific immunotoxin, ABD-ZHER2-PE38, both in vitro and in vivo. Compared with non-fused ZHER2-PE38, this new construct exhibits a clearly increased half-life in plasma (330.8 versus 13.5min, approximately 24.4-fold extension) and remarkably improved antitumor effects in an NCI-N87 subcutaneous xenograft model. Therefore, the new construct represents a potentially attractive therapeutic modality, and the proposed strategy may also have useful applications for current immunotoxin designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Kanghong Yaoyuan Biotech Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Fengwei Wang
- Peoples Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300180, PR China.
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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190
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Zhong Q, Bielski ER, Rodrigues LS, Brown MR, Reineke JJ, da Rocha SRP. Conjugation to Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers and Pulmonary Delivery Reduce Cardiac Accumulation and Enhance Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin in Lung Metastasis. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2363-75. [PMID: 27253493 PMCID: PMC6886243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung is one of the most common sites to which almost all other primary tumors metastasize. The major challenges in the chemotherapy of lung metastases include the low drug concentration found in the tumors and high systemic toxicity upon systemic administration. In this study, we combine local lung delivery and the use of nanocarrier-based systems for improving pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the therapeutics to fight lung metastases. We investigate the impact of the conjugation of doxorubicin (DOX) to carboxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) through a bond that allows for intracellular-triggered release, and the effect of pulmonary delivery of the dendrimer-DOX conjugate in decreasing tumor burden in a lung metastasis model. The results show a dramatic increase in efficacy of DOX treatment of the melanoma (B16-F10) lung metastasis mouse model upon pulmonary administration of the drug, as indicated by decreased tumor burden (lung weight) and increased survival rates of the animals (male C57BL/6) when compared to iv delivery. Conjugation of DOX further increased the therapeutic efficacy upon lung delivery as indicated by the smaller number of nodules observed in the lungs when compared to free DOX. These results are in agreement with the biodistribution characteristics of the DOX upon pulmonary delivery, which showed a longer lung accumulation/retention compared to iv administration. The distribution of DOX to the heart tissue is also significantly decreased upon pulmonary administration, and further decreased upon conjugation. The results show, therefore, that pulmonary administration of DOX combined to conjugation to PAMAM dendrimer through an intracellular labile bond is a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and decrease systemic toxicity of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Bielski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Leonan S. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew R. Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Joshua J. Reineke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Sandro R. P. da Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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191
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Rajamanickam G, Selvaraj J, Selvaraj S, Rajendran T. A facile synthesis and neuroprotective role of novel quinoxaline-2,3-bis hydrazones in ethidium bromide-induced demyelinated rats. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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192
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Nicolaou KC, Wang Y, Lu M, Mandal D, Pattanayak MR, Yu R, Shah AA, Chen JS, Zhang H, Crawford JJ, Pasunoori L, Poudel YB, Chowdari NS, Pan C, Nazeer A, Gangwar S, Vite G, Pitsinos EN. Streamlined Total Synthesis of Uncialamycin and Its Application to the Synthesis of Designed Analogues for Biological Investigations. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8235-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Min Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Debashis Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Manas R. Pattanayak
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ruocheng Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Akshay A. Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jason S. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James J. Crawford
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Laxman Pasunoori
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yam B. Poudel
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Naidu S. Chowdari
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chin Pan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Ayesha Nazeer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Emmanuel N. Pitsinos
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Laboratory of Natural Products Synthesis & Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi GR-15310, Greece
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193
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Knutson S, Raja E, Bomgarden R, Nlend M, Chen A, Kalyanasundaram R, Desai S. Development and Evaluation of a Fluorescent Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157762. [PMID: 27336622 PMCID: PMC4918962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are widely available and cost-effective research tools in life science, and antibody conjugates are now extensively used for targeted therapy, immunohistochemical staining, or in vivo diagnostic imaging of cancer. Significant advances in site-specific antibody labeling technologies have enabled the production of highly characterized and homogenous conjugates for biomedical purposes, and some recent studies have utilized site-specific labeling to synthesize bifunctional antibody conjugates with both imaging and drug delivery properties. While these advances are important for the clinical safety and efficacy of such biologics, these techniques can also be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming. Furthermore, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used for tumor treatment generally remain distinct from conjugates used for diagnosis. Thus, there exists a need to develop simple dual-labeling methods for efficient therapeutic and diagnostic evaluation of antibody conjugates in pre-clinical model systems. Here, we present a rapid and simple method utilizing commercially available reagents for synthesizing a dual-labeled fluorescent ADC. Further, we demonstrate the fluorescent ADC’s utility for simultaneous targeted therapy and molecular imaging of cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Employing non-site-specific, amine-reactive chemistry, our novel biopharmaceutical theranostic is a monoclonal antibody specific for a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) biomarker conjugated to both paclitaxel and a near-infrared (NIR), polyethylene glycol modified (PEGylated) fluorophore (DyLight™ 680-4xPEG). Using in vitro systems, we demonstrate that this fluorescent ADC selectively binds a CEA-positive pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC-3) in immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry, exhibits efficient internalization kinetics, and is cytotoxic. Model studies using a xenograft of BxPC-3 cells in athymic mice also show the fluorescent ADC’s efficacy in detecting tumors in vivo and inhibiting tumor growth more effectively than equimolar amounts of unconjugated drug. Overall, our results demonstrate that non-selective, amine-targeting chemistry is an effective dual-labeling method for synthesizing and evaluating a bifunctional fluorescent antibody-drug conjugate, allowing concurrent detection, monitoring and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Knutson
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (SD)
| | - Erum Raja
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan Bomgarden
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marie Nlend
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aoshuang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Surbhi Desai
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (SD)
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194
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Cilliers C, Guo H, Liao J, Christodolu N, Thurber GM. Multiscale Modeling of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Connecting Tissue and Cellular Distribution to Whole Animal Pharmacokinetics and Potential Implications for Efficacy. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1117-1130. [PMID: 27287046 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates exhibit complex pharmacokinetics due to their combination of macromolecular and small molecule properties. These issues range from systemic concerns, such as deconjugation of the small molecule drug during the long antibody circulation time or rapid clearance from nonspecific interactions, to local tumor tissue heterogeneity, cell bystander effects, and endosomal escape. Mathematical models can be used to study the impact of these processes on overall distribution in an efficient manner, and several types of models have been used to analyze varying aspects of antibody distribution including physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and tissue-level simulations. However, these processes are quantitative in nature and cannot be handled qualitatively in isolation. For example, free antibody from deconjugation of the small molecule will impact the distribution of conjugated antibodies within the tumor. To incorporate these effects into a unified framework, we have coupled the systemic and organ-level distribution of a PBPK model with the tissue-level detail of a distributed parameter tumor model. We used this mathematical model to analyze new experimental results on the distribution of the clinical antibody-drug conjugate Kadcyla in HER2-positive mouse xenografts. This model is able to capture the impact of the drug-antibody ratio (DAR) on tumor penetration, the net result of drug deconjugation, and the effect of using unconjugated antibody to drive ADC penetration deeper into the tumor tissue. This modeling approach will provide quantitative and mechanistic support to experimental studies trying to parse the impact of multiple mechanisms of action for these complex drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Cilliers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Hans Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jianshan Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Nikolas Christodolu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Greg M Thurber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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195
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Kobayashi H, Choyke PL, Ogawa M. Monoclonal antibody-based optical molecular imaging probes; considerations and caveats in chemistry, biology and pharmacology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:32-8. [PMID: 27281509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody (mAb) has proven to be a good platform for designing specific molecular imaging probes due to its superior binding specificity. Several optical imaging probes have been developed for surgical navigation in patients and are in early phase clinical trials. However, an inherent limitation of using the mAb is its pharmacokinetics which result in a prolonged circulating half-life and slow clearance from the body. This results in undesirable target to background ratios during imaging. In this review, we first describe the mAb as a platform material for optical probe design and then discuss optimizing the design of monoclonal antibody-based optical molecular imaging probes by focusing on chemistry, biology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory for Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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196
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Barth RF, Wu G, Meisen WH, Nakkula RJ, Yang W, Huo T, Kellough DA, Kaumaya P, Turro C, Agius LM, Kaur B. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of cisplatin-containing EGFR targeting bioconjugates as potential therapeutic agents for brain tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2769-81. [PMID: 27274273 PMCID: PMC4869632 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate four different platinated bioconjugates containing a cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum [cis-DDP]) fragment and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting moieties as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of brain tumors using a human EGFR-expressing transfectant of the F98 rat glioma (F98EGFR) to assess their efficacy. The first two bioconjugates employed the monoclonal antibody cetuximab (C225 or Erbitux®) as the targeting moiety, and the second two used genetically engineered EGF peptides. C225-G5-Pt was produced by reacting cis-DDP with a fifth-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (G5) and then linking it to C225 by means of two heterobifunctional reagents. The second bioconjugate (C225-PG-Pt) employed the same methodology except that polyglutamic acid was used as the carrier. The third and fourth bioconjugates used two different EGF peptides, PEP382 and PEP455, with direct coordination to the Pt center of the cis-DDP fragment. In vivo studies with C225-G5-Pt failed to demonstrate therapeutic activity following intracerebral (ic) convection-enhanced delivery (CED) to F98EGFR glioma-bearing rats. The second bioconjugate, C225-PG-Pt, failed to show in vitro cytotoxicity. Furthermore, because of its high molecular weight, we decided that lower molecular weight peptides might provide better targeting and microdistribution within the tumor. Both PEP382-Pt and PEP455-Pt bioconjugates were cytotoxic in vitro and, based on this, a pilot study was initiated using PEP455-Pt. The end point for this study was tumor size at 6 weeks following tumor cell implantation and 4 weeks following ic CED of PEP455-Pt to F98 glioma-bearing rats. Neuropathologic examination revealed that five of seven rats were either tumor-free or only had microscopic tumors at 42 days following tumor implantation compared to a mean survival time of 20.5 and 26.3 days for untreated controls. In conclusion, we have succeeded in reformatting the toxicity profile of cis-DDP and demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the PEP455-Pt bioconjugate in F98 glioma-bearing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gong Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Hans Meisen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robin J Nakkula
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weilian Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tianyao Huo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A Kellough
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pravin Kaumaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lawrence M Agius
- Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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197
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Villaseñor R, Ozmen L, Messaddeq N, Grüninger F, Loetscher H, Keller A, Betsholtz C, Freskgård PO, Collin L. Trafficking of Endogenous Immunoglobulins by Endothelial Cells at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25658. [PMID: 27149947 PMCID: PMC4858719 DOI: 10.1038/srep25658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) restricts access of large molecules to the brain. The low endocytic activity of brain endothelial cells (BECs) is believed to limit delivery of immunoglobulins (IgG) to the brain parenchyma. Here, we report that endogenous mouse IgG are localized within intracellular vesicles at steady state in BECs in vivo. Using high-resolution quantitative microscopy, we found a fraction of endocytosed IgG in lysosomes. We observed that loss of pericytes (key components of the BBB) in pdgf-bret/ret mice affects the intracellular distribution of endogenous mouse IgG in BECs. In these mice, endogenous IgG was not detected within lysosomes but instead accumulate at the basement membrane and brain parenchyma. Such IgG accumulation could be due to reduced lysosomal clearance and increased sorting to the abluminal membrane of BECs. Our results suggest that, in addition to low uptake from circulation, IgG lysosomal degradation may be a downstream mechanism by which BECs further restrict IgG access to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Ozmen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM/UdS, Collège de France, BP 10142, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fiona Grüninger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hansruedi Loetscher
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annika Keller
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich University, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Freskgård
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
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198
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Mechanistic and quantitative insight into cell surface targeted molecular imaging agent design. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25424. [PMID: 27147293 PMCID: PMC4857130 DOI: 10.1038/srep25424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging agent design involves simultaneously optimizing multiple probe properties. While several desired characteristics are straightforward, including high affinity and low non-specific background signal, in practice there are quantitative trade-offs between these properties. These include plasma clearance, where fast clearance lowers background signal but can reduce target uptake, and binding, where high affinity compounds sometimes suffer from lower stability or increased non-specific interactions. Further complicating probe development, many of the optimal parameters vary depending on both target tissue and imaging agent properties, making empirical approaches or previous experience difficult to translate. Here, we focus on low molecular weight compounds targeting extracellular receptors, which have some of the highest contrast values for imaging agents. We use a mechanistic approach to provide a quantitative framework for weighing trade-offs between molecules. Our results show that specific target uptake is well-described by quantitative simulations for a variety of targeting agents, whereas non-specific background signal is more difficult to predict. Two in vitro experimental methods for estimating background signal in vivo are compared – non-specific cellular uptake and plasma protein binding. Together, these data provide a quantitative method to guide probe design and focus animal work for more cost-effective and time-efficient development of molecular imaging agents.
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199
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Li YT, Nishikawa T, Kaneda Y. Platelet-cytokine Complex Suppresses Tumour Growth by Exploiting Intratumoural Thrombin-dependent Platelet Aggregation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25077. [PMID: 27117228 PMCID: PMC4846878 DOI: 10.1038/srep25077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours constitute unique microenvironments where various blood cells and factors are exposed as a result of leaky vasculature. In the present study, we report that thrombin enrichment in B16F10 melanoma led to platelet aggregation, and this property was exploited to administer an anticancer cytokine, interferon-gamma induced protein 10 (IP10), through the formation of a platelet-IP10 complex. When intravenously infused, the complex reached platelet microaggregates in the tumour. The responses induced by the complex were solely immune-mediated, and tumour cytotoxicity was not observed. The complex suppressed the growth of mouse melanoma in vivo, while both platelets and the complex suppressed the accumulation of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the tumour. These results demonstrated that thrombin-dependent platelet aggregation in B16F10 tumours defines platelets as a vector to deliver anticancer cytokines and provide specific treatment benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tung Li
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishikawa
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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200
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Lu J, Jiang F, Lu A, Zhang G. Linkers Having a Crucial Role in Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:561. [PMID: 27089329 PMCID: PMC4849017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprised of a desirable monoclonal antibody, an active cytotoxic drug and an appropriate linker are considered to be an innovative therapeutic approach for targeted treatment of various types of tumors and cancers, enhancing the therapeutic parameter of the cytotoxic drug and reducing the possibility of systemic cytotoxicity. An appropriate linker between the antibody and the cytotoxic drug provides a specific bridge, and thus helps the antibody to selectively deliver the cytotoxic drug to tumor cells and accurately releases the cytotoxic drug at tumor sites. In addition to conjugation, the linkers maintain ADCs' stability during the preparation and storage stages of the ADCs and during the systemic circulation period. The design of linkers for ADCs is a challenge in terms of extracellular stability and intracellular release, and intracellular circumstances, such as the acid environment, the reducing environment and cathepsin, are considered as the catalysts to activate the triggers for initiating the cleavage of ADCs. This review discusses the linkers used in the clinical and marketing stages for ADCs and details the fracture modes of the linkers for the further development of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU (Haimen) Institute of Science and Technology, Haimen 226100, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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