151
|
Zhang X, Wang Y, Ge HY, Gu YJ, Cao FF, Yang CX, Uzan G, Peng B, Zhang DH. Celastrol reverses palmitic acid (PA)-caused TLR4-MD2 activation-dependent insulin resistance via disrupting MD2-related cellular binding to PA. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6814-6824. [PMID: 29667734 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma statured fatty acids (FFAs) cause TLR4/MD2 activation-dependent inflammation and insulin tolerance, which account for the occurrence and development of obesity. It has been confirmed that statured palmitic acid (PA) (the most abundant FFA) could bind MD2 to cause cellular inflammation. The natural compound celastrol could improve obesity, which is suggested via inhibiting inflammation, yet the detailed mechanism for celastrol is still unclear. As celastrol is reported to directly target MD2, we thought disrupting the binding between FFAs and MD2 might be one of the ways for celastrol to inhibit FFAs-caused inflammation and insulin resistance. In this study, we found evidence to support our hypothesis: celastrol could reverse PA-caused TLR4/MD2 activation-dependent insulin resistance, as determined by glucose-lowering ability, cellular glucose uptake, insulin action-related proteins and TLR4/MD2/NF-κB activation. Bioinformatics and cellular experiments showed that both celastrol and PA could bind MD2, and that celastrol could expel PA from cells. Finally, celastrol could reverse high fat diet caused hyperglycemia and obesity, and liver NF-kB activations. Taking together, we proved that celastrol could reverses PA-caused TLR4-MD2 activation-dependent insulin resistance via disrupting PA binding to MD2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ya Ge
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi-Jun Gu
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan-Fan Cao
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Xin Yang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Georges Uzan
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,U972, Inserm, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Bin Peng
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng-Hai Zhang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,U972, Inserm, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Facchini FA, Zaffaroni L, Minotti A, Rapisarda S, Calabrese V, Forcella M, Fusi P, Airoldi C, Ciaramelli C, Billod JM, Schromm AB, Braun H, Palmer C, Beyaert R, Lapenta F, Jerala R, Pirianov G, Martin-Santamaria S, Peri F. Structure-Activity Relationship in Monosaccharide-Based Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Antagonists. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2895-2909. [PMID: 29494148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship was investigated in a series of synthetic TLR4 antagonists formed by a glucosamine core linked to two phosphate esters and two linear carbon chains. Molecular modeling showed that the compounds with 10, 12, and 14 carbons chains are associated with higher stabilization of the MD-2/TLR4 antagonist conformation than in the case of the C16 variant. Binding experiments with human MD-2 showed that the C12 and C14 variants have higher affinity than C10, while the C16 variant did not interact with the protein. The molecules, with the exception of the C16 variant, inhibited the LPS-stimulated TLR4 signal in human and murine cells, and the antagonist potency mirrored the MD-2 affinity calculated from in vitro binding experiments. Fourier-transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and small angle X-ray scattering measurements suggested that the aggregation state in aqueous solution depends on fatty acid chain lengths and that this property can influence TLR4 activity in this series of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Facchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Lenny Zaffaroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Alberto Minotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Silvia Rapisarda
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Valentina Calabrese
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Matilde Forcella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Carlotta Ciaramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Billod
- Department of Structural & Chemical Biology , Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CIB-CSIC , C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics , Research Center Borstel , Parkallee 1-40 , 23845 Borstel , Germany
| | - Harald Braun
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research , UGent Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation , Technologiepark 927 , 9052 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Charys Palmer
- Anglia Ruskin Cambridge University , Cambridge CB1 1PT , U.K
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research , UGent Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation , Technologiepark 927 , 9052 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Fabio Lapenta
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology , Kemijski Institute, National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology , Kemijski Institute, National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Grisha Pirianov
- Anglia Ruskin Cambridge University , Cambridge CB1 1PT , U.K
| | - Sonsoles Martin-Santamaria
- Department of Structural & Chemical Biology , Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CIB-CSIC , C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Sobocińska J, Roszczenko-Jasińska P, Ciesielska A, Kwiatkowska K. Protein Palmitoylation and Its Role in Bacterial and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2003. [PMID: 29403483 PMCID: PMC5780409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible, enzymatic posttranslational modification of proteins in which palmitoyl chain is attached to a cysteine residue via a thioester linkage. S-palmitoylation determines the functioning of proteins by affecting their association with membranes, compartmentalization in membrane domains, trafficking, and stability. In this review, we focus on S-palmitoylation of proteins, which are crucial for the interactions of pathogenic bacteria and viruses with the host. We discuss the role of palmitoylated proteins in the invasion of host cells by bacteria and viruses, and those involved in the host responses to the infection. We highlight recent data on protein S-palmitoylation in pathogens and their hosts obtained owing to the development of methods based on click chemistry and acyl-biotin exchange allowing proteomic analysis of protein lipidation. The role of the palmitoyl moiety present in bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins, contributing to infectivity and affecting recognition of bacteria by innate immune receptors, is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Roszczenko-Jasińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Chen L, Fu W, Zheng L, Wang Y, Liang G. Recent progress in the discovery of myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) modulators for inflammatory diseases. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1187-1202. [PMID: 29330126 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), together with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with high affinity, inducing the formation of the activated homodimer LPS-MD2-TLR4. MD2 directly recognizes the Lipid A domain of LPS, leading to the activation of downstream signaling of cytokine and chemokine production, and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. However, excessive activation and potent host responses generate severe inflammatory syndromes such as acute sepsis and septic shock. MD2 is increasingly being considered as an attractive pharmacological target for the development of potent anti-inflammatory agents. In this Keynote review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the structure and biology of MD2, and present MD2 modulators as promising agents for anti-inflammatory intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Pro-inflammatory hepatic macrophages generate ROS through NADPH oxidase 2 via endocytosis of monomeric TLR4-MD2 complex. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2247. [PMID: 29269727 PMCID: PMC5740170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ROS generation by infiltrating macrophages involves multiple mechanisms, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation. Here, we show that palmitate-stimulated CD11b+F4/80low hepatic infiltrating macrophages, but not CD11b+F4/80high Kupffer cells, generate ROS via dynamin-mediated endocytosis of TLR4 and NOX2, independently from MyD88 and TRIF. We demonstrate that differently from LPS-mediated dimerization of the TLR4–MD2 complex, palmitate binds a monomeric TLR4–MD2 complex that triggers endocytosis, ROS generation and increases pro-interleukin-1β expression in macrophages. Palmitate-induced ROS generation in human CD68lowCD14high macrophages is strongly suppressed by inhibition of dynamin. Furthermore, Nox2-deficient mice are protected against high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Therefore, endocytosis of TLR4 and NOX2 into macrophages might be a novel therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Reactive species of oxygen promote the development of hepatic steatosis. Here, Kim et al. demonstrate that palmitate stimulates macrophage infiltration and increases oxidative stress during steatosis by binding to the TLR4–MD2 complex, which results in the activation of NOX2.
Collapse
|
156
|
Matsui H, Takahashi T, Murayama SY, Kawaguchi M, Matsuo K, Nakamura M. Protective efficacy of a hydroxy fatty acid against gastric Helicobacter infections. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28834011 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously revealed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent Helicobacter pylori infection by blocking the futalosine pathway, an alternative route for menaquinone (MK) biosynthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1, Different H. pylori strains were grown in liquid media supplemented with linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, or its 10-hydroxy derivative, 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), in the presence or absence of MK. The bacterial numbers in the media were estimated by plating; 2, C57BL/6NCrl mice received drinking water supplemented with different fatty acids starting from 1 week before infection with H. pylori or Helicobacter suis until the end of the experiment. The gastric colonization levels of H. pylori or H. suis were determined 2 weeks after infection by plating or quantitative PCR, respectively; 3, Mice were given HYA, starting 1 week before infection with H. suis and continuing until 6 months after infection, for analysis of the gastric conditions. RESULTS 1, A low concentration (20 μmol/L) of HYA in culture broth suppressed the growth of H. pylori, and this inhibition was reduced by MK supplementation; 2, HYA treatment protected mice against H. pylori or H. suis infection; 3, HYA treatment suppressed the formation of lymphoid follicles in the gastric mucus layer after H. suis infection. CONCLUSIONS HYA prevents gastric Helicobacter infections by blocking their futalosine pathways. Daily HYA supplementation is effective for the prevention of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma induced by persistent infection with H. suis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsui
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Takahashi
- Department of Kampo Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Somay Y Murayama
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Zhang Y, Wu B, Zhang H, Ge X, Ying S, Hu M, Li W, Huang Y, Wang L, Chen C, Shan X, Liang G. Inhibition of MD2-dependent inflammation attenuates the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:936-947. [PMID: 29077272 PMCID: PMC5783870 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress to the more serious non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammatory injury and fibrosis. The pathogenic basis of NAFLD progressing to NASH is currently unknown, but growing evidence suggests MD2 (myeloid differentiation factor 2), an accessory protein of TLR4, is an important signalling component contributing to this disease. We evaluated the effectiveness of the specific MD2 inhibitor, L6H21, in reducing inflammatory liver injury in a relevant high‐fat diet (HFD) mouse model of NASH and in the palmitic acid (PA)‐stimulated human liver cell line (HepG2). For study, genetic knockout (MD2−/−) mice were fed a HFD or control diet for 24 weeks, or wild‐type mice placed on a similar diet regimen and treated with L6H21 for the last 8 or 16 weeks. Results indicated that MD2 inhibition with L6H21 was as effective as MD2 knockout in preventing the HFD‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation, pro‐fibrotic changes and expression of pro‐inflammatory molecules. Direct challenge of HepG2 with PA (200 μM) increased MD2‐TLR4 complex formation and expression of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic genes and L6H21 pre‐treatment prevented these PA‐induced responses. Interestingly, MD2 knockout or L6H21 increased expression of the anti‐inflammatory molecule, PPARγ, in liver tissue and the liver cell line. Our results provide further evidence for the critical role of MD2 in the development of NASH and conclude that MD2 could be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD/NASH treatment. Moreover, the small molecule MD2 inhibitor, L6H21, was an effective and selective investigative agent for future mechanistic studies of MD2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangting Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shilong Ying
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengwei Hu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Quintanilha BJ, Reis BZ, Duarte GBS, Cozzolino SMF, Rogero MM. Nutrimiromics: Role of microRNAs and Nutrition in Modulating Inflammation and Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111168. [PMID: 29077020 PMCID: PMC5707640 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrimiromics studies the influence of the diet on the modification of gene expression due to epigenetic processes related to microRNAs (miRNAs), which may affect the risk for the development of chronic diseases. miRNAs are a class of non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that are usually involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by inducing mRNA degradation or translational repression by binding to a target messenger RNA. They can be controlled by environmental and dietary factors, particularly by isolated nutrients or bioactive compounds, indicating that diet manipulation may hold promise as a therapeutic approach in modulating the risk of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the influence of nutrients and bioactive compounds on the expression of miRNAs related to inflammation and chronic disease in several models (cell culture, animal models, and human trials).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna J Quintanilha
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Z Reis
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Graziela B Silva Duarte
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia M F Cozzolino
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Fang Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li W, Han J, Huang W, Liang G, Wang Y. Inhibition of myeloid differentiation factor-2 attenuates obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:252-262. [PMID: 28965884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, via chronic tissue inflammation. Myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD2), a binding protein of lipopolysaccharide, is functionally essential for the activation of proinflammatory pathways in endotoxin-induced acute inflammatory diseases. Here we tested the hypothesis that MD2 plays a central role in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. Wildtype or MD2 knockout mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (Control) for total 16weeks, and MD2 inhibitor L6H21 (20mg/kg) or vehicle (1% CMC-Na) were administered from the beginning of the 9th week. HFD induced significant weight gain and cardiac hypertrophy, with increased cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. L6H21 administration or MD2 knockout attenuated HFD-induced obesity, inflammation and cardiac remodeling. In vitro exposure of H9C2 cells to high lipids induced cell hypertrophy with activated JNK/ERK and NF-κB pathways, which was abolished by pretreatment of MD2 inhibitor L6H21. Our results demonstrate that MD2 is essential to obesity-related cardiac hypertrophy through activating JNK/ERK and NF-κB-dependent cardiac inflammatory pathways. Targeting MD2 would be a therapeutic approach to prevent obesity-induced cardiac injury and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jibo Han
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Wang L, Han J, Shan P, You S, Chen X, Jin Y, Wang J, Huang W, Wang Y, Liang G. MD2 Blockage Protects Obesity-Induced Vascular Remodeling via Activating AMPK/Nrf2. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1532-1539. [PMID: 28726347 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and increased free fatty acid (FFA) levels are tightly linked with vascular oxidative stress and remodeling. Myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2), an important protein in innate immunity, is requisite for endotoxin lipopolysaccharide responsiveness. This study shows that palmitic acid (PA) also bonds to MD2, initiating cardiac inflammatory injury. However, it is not clear whether MD2 plays a role in noninflammatory systems such as obesity- and FFA-related oxidative stress involved in vascular remodeling and injury. The aim of this study is to examine whether MD2 participates in reactive oxygen species increase and vascular remodeling. METHODS Male MD2-/- mice and wild-type littermates with a C57BL/6 background were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish obesity-induced vascular remodeling. Rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with PA to induce oxidative stress and injury. RESULTS In vivo, MD2 deficiency significantly reduced HFD-induced vascular oxidative stress, fibrosis, and remodeling, accompanied with AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activation and nuclear factor erythroid (Nrf2) upregulation. In VSMCs and RAECs, inhibition of MD2 by neutralizing monoclonal antibody to MD2 or small interfering RNA knockdown significantly activated the AMPK/Nrf2-signaling pathway and reduced PA-induced oxidative stress and cell injury. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that the deletion or inhibition of MD2 protects against HFD/FFA-induced vascular oxidative stress and remodeling by activating the AMPK/Nrf2-signaling pathway.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta
- Diet, High-Fat
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Antigen 96/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphocyte Antigen 96/deficiency
- Lymphocyte Antigen 96/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/physiology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jibo Han
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengban You
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyi Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Dietary Milk Sphingomyelin Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Inhibits LPS Activity in Macrophages. BEVERAGES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages3030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|