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Bowers ME, Xia B, Carreiro S, Ressler KJ. The Class I HDAC inhibitor RGFP963 enhances consolidation of cued fear extinction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:225-31. [PMID: 25776040 PMCID: PMC4371170 DOI: 10.1101/lm.036699.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that broad, nonspecific histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition enhances learning and memory, however, the contribution of the various HDACs to specific forms of learning is incompletely understood. Here, we show that the Class I HDAC inhibitor, RGFP963, enhances consolidation of cued fear extinction. However, RGFP966, a strong inhibitor of HDAC3, does not significantly enhance consolidation of cued fear extinction. These data extend previous evidence that demonstrate the Class I HDACs play a role in the consolidation of long-term memory, suggesting that HDAC1 and/or HDAC2, but less likely HDAC3, may function as negative regulators of extinction retention. The development of specific HDAC inhibitors, such as RGFP963, will further illuminate the role of specific HDACs in various types of learning and memory. Moreover, HDAC inhibitors that enhance cued fear extinction may show translational promise for the treatment of fear-related disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory E Bowers
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Bing Xia
- RepliGen Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | | | - Kerry J Ressler
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
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152
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Newton J, Lima S, Maceyka M, Spiegel S. Revisiting the sphingolipid rheostat: Evolving concepts in cancer therapy. Exp Cell Res 2015; 333:195-200. [PMID: 25770011 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Santiago Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
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153
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Xu HL, Pelligrino DA, Paisansathan C, Testai FD. Protective role of fingolimod (FTY720) in rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:16. [PMID: 25622980 PMCID: PMC4324852 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological emergency with limited pharmacological treatment options. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key pathogenic contributor to brain injury in this condition. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of the immunomodulatory agent, fingolimod, in rats subjected to SAH. Methods We utilized an endovascular rat perforation model of SAH. Animals were divided into four groups: (1) sham-vehicle; (2) sham-fingolimod; (3) SAH-vehicle; and (4) SAH-fingolimod. Rats received either vehicle solution or fingolimod (0.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 3 hours after sham surgery or SAH. A closed cranial window and intravital microscope system was used at 48 hours to assess neuroinflammation, which was represented by rhodamine-6G-labeled leukocyte trafficking in pial venules, and pial arteriolar dilating responses to a variety of vasodilators, including hypercapnia, and topically-applied acetylcholine, adenosine, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine. In addition, motor-sensory function was evaluated. Results Compared to sham-vehicle rats, SAH-vehicle animals displayed a four-times greater increase in pial venular intraluminal leukocyte adhesion. Treatment with fingolimod largely reduced the intravascular leukocyte adhesion. Vehicle-treated SAH animals displayed a significant decrease in pial arteriolar responses to all the vasodilators tested and vascular reactivity was preserved, to a significant degree, in the presence of fingolimod. In addition, neurological scores obtained at 48 hours post-SAH indicated significant neurological deficits in the vehicle-treated group (versus sham-vehicle surgical control). Those deficiencies were partially reduced by fingolimod (P < 0.0001 compared to the vehicle-treated SAH group). Conclusions Treatment of rats with fingolimod was associated with a marked limitation in the intravascular adhesion of leukocytes to pial venules, preserved pial arteriolar dilating function, and improved neurological outcome in rats subjected to SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Liang Xu
- Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dale A Pelligrino
- Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Chanannait Paisansathan
- Department of Anesthesiology of the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Fernando D Testai
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation of the University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood Street, Rm 855 N NPI (MC 796), Chicago, IL, 60612-7330, USA.
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154
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155
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Singewald N, Schmuckermair C, Whittle N, Holmes A, Ressler KJ. Pharmacology of cognitive enhancers for exposure-based therapy of fear, anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 149:150-90. [PMID: 25550231 PMCID: PMC4380664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with PTSD, phobias, panic and other anxiety disorders. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that pharmacological treatments including cognitive enhancers, when given as adjuncts to psychotherapeutic approaches [cognitive behavioral therapy including extinction-based exposure therapy] enhance treatment efficacy, while using anxiolytics such as benzodiazepines as adjuncts can undermine long-term treatment success. The purpose of this review is to outline the literature showing how pharmacological interventions targeting neurotransmitter systems including serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine, glutamate, GABA, cannabinoids, neuropeptides (oxytocin, neuropeptides Y and S, opioids) and other targets (neurotrophins BDNF and FGF2, glucocorticoids, L-type-calcium channels, epigenetic modifications) as well as their downstream signaling pathways, can augment fear extinction and strengthen extinction memory persistently in preclinical models. Particularly promising approaches are discussed in regard to their effects on specific aspects of fear extinction namely, acquisition, consolidation and retrieval, including long-term protection from return of fear (relapse) phenomena like spontaneous recovery, reinstatement and renewal of fear. We also highlight the promising translational value of the preclinial research and the clinical potential of targeting certain neurochemical systems with, for example d-cycloserine, yohimbine, cortisol, and L-DOPA. The current body of research reveals important new insights into the neurobiology and neurochemistry of fear extinction and holds significant promise for pharmacologically-augmented psychotherapy as an improved approach to treat trauma and anxiety-related disorders in a more efficient and persistent way promoting enhanced symptom remission and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - C Schmuckermair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Whittle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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156
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Bösche K, Weissenborn K, Christians U, Witzke O, Engler H, Schedlowski M, Hadamitzky M. Neurobehavioral consequences of small molecule-drug immunosuppression. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:83-93. [PMID: 25529273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
60 years after the first successful kidney transplantation in humans, transplant patients have decent survival rates owing to a broad spectrum of immunosuppressive medication available today. Not only transplant patients, but also patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases or cancer benefit from these life-saving immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative medications. However, this success is gained with the disadvantage of neuropsychological disturbances and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and impaired quality of life after long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. So far, surprisingly little is known about unwanted neuropsychological side effects of immunosuppressants and anti-proliferative drugs from the group of so called small molecule-drugs. This is partly due to the fact that it is difficult to disentangle whether and to what extent the observed neuropsychiatric disturbances are a direct result of the patient's medical history or of the immunosuppressive treatment. Thus, here we summarize experimental as well as clinical data of mammalian and human studies, with the focus on selected small-molecule drugs that are frequently employed in solid organ transplantation, autoimmune disorders or cancer therapy and their effects on neuropsychological functions, mood, and behavior. These data reveal the necessity to develop immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative drugs inducing fewer or no unwanted neuropsychological side effects, thereby increasing the quality of life in patients requiring long term immunosuppressive treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bösche
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital, Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Karin Weissenborn
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital, Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital, Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital, Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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157
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Resveratrol and its oligomers: modulation of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in disease. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2213-32. [PMID: 25344023 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural compound endowed with multiple health-promoting effects, has received much attention given its potential for the treatment of cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, metabolic and age-related diseases. However, the translational potential of resveratrol has been limited by its specificity, poor bioavailability and uncertain toxicity. In recent years, there has been an accumulation of evidence demonstrating that resveratrol modulates sphingolipid metabolism. Moreover, resveratrol forms higher order oligomers that exhibit better selectivity and potency in modulating sphingolipid metabolism. This review evaluates the evidence supporting the modulation of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling as a mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol and oligomers in diseases, such as cancer.
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158
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Brunkhorst R, Vutukuri R, Pfeilschifter W. Fingolimod for the treatment of neurological diseases-state of play and future perspectives. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:283. [PMID: 25309325 PMCID: PMC4162362 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a fascinating class of signaling molecules derived from the membrane lipid sphingomyelin. They show abundant expression in the brain. Complex sphingolipids such as glycosphingolipids (gangliosides and cerebrosides) regulate vesicular transport and lysosomal degradation and their dysregulation can lead to storage diseases with a neurological phenotype. More recently, simple sphingolipids such ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) were discovered to signal in response to many extracellular stimuli. Forming an intricate signaling network, the balance of these readily interchangeable mediators is decisive for cell fate under stressful conditions. The immunomodulator fingolimod is the prodrug of an S1P receptor agonist. Following receptor activation, the drug leads to downregulation of the S1P1 receptor inducing functional antagonism. As the first drug to modulate the sphingolipid signaling pathway, it was marketed in 2010 for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). At that time, immunomodulation was widely accepted as the key mechanism of fingolimod’s efficacy in MS. But given the excellent passage of this lipophilic compound into the brain and its massive brain accumulation as well as the abundant expression of S1P receptors on brain cells, it is conceivable that fingolimod also affects brain cells directly. Indeed, a seminal study showed that the protective effect of fingolimod in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a murine MS model, is lost in mice lacking the S1P1 receptor on astrocytes, arguing for a specific role of astrocytic S1P signaling in MS. In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid mediators and their metabolizing enzymes in neurologic diseases and putative therapeutic strategies arising thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brunkhorst
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, Frankfurt University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Vutukuri
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, pharmazentrum frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Waltraud Pfeilschifter
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, Frankfurt University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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159
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Davletov B. A multiple sclerosis drug sheds light on astrocyte biology. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:8-10. [PMID: 24947320 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Davletov
- Department of Biomedical Science; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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160
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Unlocking the constraints on memory formation. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:895-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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161
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Fingolimod modulates bad memories. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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