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Cañas JA, Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Sastre B, Gil-Martinez M, Redondo N, del Pozo V. MicroRNAs as Potential Regulators of Immune Response Networks in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608666. [PMID: 33488613 PMCID: PMC7819856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are an important factor of morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 6% of total deaths worldwide. The main CRDs are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These complex diseases have different triggers including allergens, pollutants, tobacco smoke, and other risk factors. It is important to highlight that although CRDs are incurable, various forms of treatment improve shortness of breath and quality of life. The search for tools that can ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment is crucial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs and have been described as promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for CRDs. They are implicated in multiple processes of asthma and COPD, regulating pathways associated with inflammation, thereby showing that miRNAs are critical regulators of the immune response. Indeed, miRNAs have been found to be deregulated in several biofluids (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and serum) and in both structural lung and immune cells of patients in comparison to healthy subjects, showing their potential role as biomarkers. Also, miRNAs play a part in the development or termination of histopathological changes and comorbidities, revealing the complexity of miRNA regulation and opening up new treatment possibilities. Finally, miRNAs have been proposed as prognostic tools in response to both conventional and biologic treatments for asthma or COPD, and miRNA-based treatment has emerged as a potential approach for clinical intervention in these respiratory diseases; however, this field is still in development. The present review applies a systems biology approach to the understanding of miRNA regulatory networks in asthma and COPD, summarizing their roles in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Cañas
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martinez
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Redondo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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152
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London NR, Tharakan A, Smith A, Thomas KR, Zhu W, Odelberg SJ, Ramanathan M, Lane AP. Deletion of Arno Reduces Eosinophilic Inflammation and Interleukin-5 Expression in a Murine Model of Rhinitis. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2021; 101:1S-7S. [PMID: 33393815 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320986055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARF nucleotide-binding site opener (ARNO) is a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor proteins. ARF nucleotide-binding site opener also binds MyD88, and small-molecule inhibition of ARNO reduces inflammation in animal models of inflammatory arthritis and acute inflammation. However, whether genetic deletion of Arno in mice reduces pathologic inflammation has not yet been reported. Furthermore, its role in the nasal cavity has yet to be investigated. OBJECTIVE To generate Arno knockout mice and to determine whether genetic loss of ARNO reduces eosinophilic inflammation in the ovalbumin (OVA) murine model of rhinitis. METHODS Arno knockout mice were generated and wild type and knockout littermates were subjected to the OVA-induced mouse model of rhinosinutitis. Eosinophilic inflammation was assessed through immunofluorescent quantification of EMBP+ eosinophils in the septal mucosa and cytokine expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Arno knockout mice are viable and fertile without any noted deficits. Arno wild type and knockout mice subjected to the OVA-induced model of rhinitis demonstrated an average of 314.5 and 153.8 EMBP+ cells per mm2 septal tissue, respectively (P < .05). Goblet cells per mm of basal lamina were assessed via Alcian blue and there was no statistically significant difference between Arno wild type and knockout mice. Ovalbumin-induced expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) was significantly reduced in Arno knockout mice (P < .05). There was no statistically significant reduction in IL-4, IL-13, or eotaxin-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that deletion of Arno reduces eosinophilic inflammation and IL-5 expression in an OVA-induced model of rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyall R London
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1466Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anuj Tharakan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1466Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1466Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirk R Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, 14434University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, 14434University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, 14434University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1466Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1466Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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153
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Jia CY, Xiang W, Liu JB, Jiang GX, Sun F, Wu JJ, Yang XL, Xin R, Shi Y, Zhang DD, Li W, Zuberi Z, Zhang J, Lu GX, Wang HM, Wang PY, Yu F, Lv ZW, Ma YS, Fu D. MiR-9-1 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Targeting UHRF1 in Lung Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211041191. [PMID: 34520284 PMCID: PMC8445543 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is listed as the most common reason for cancer-related death all over the world despite diagnostic improvements and the development of chemotherapy and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs control both physiological and pathological processes including development and cancer. A microRNA-9 to 1 (miR-9 to 1) overexpression model in lung cancer cell lines was established and miR-9 to 1 was found to significantly suppress the proliferation rate in lung cancer cell lines, colony formation in vitro, and tumorigenicity in nude mice of A549 cells. Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) was then identified to direct target of miR-9 to 1. The inhibition of UHRF1 by miR-9 to 1 causes G1 arrest and p15, p16, and p21 were re-expressed in miR-9 to 1 group in mRNA level and protein level. Silence of UHRF1 expression in A549 cells resulted in the similar re-expression of p15, p16, p21 which is similar with miR-9 to 1 infection. Therefore, we concluded that UHRF1 is a new target for miR-9 to 1 to suppress cell proliferation by re-expression of tumor suppressors p15, p16, and p21 mediated by UHRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-You Jia
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Geng-Xi Jiang
- Navy Military Medical University Affiliated Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Nantong Haimen Yuelai Health Centre, Haimen, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zavuga Zuberi
- Dares Salaam Institute of Technology, Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gai-Xia Lu
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Yao Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Lv
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, National Center for Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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154
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Inflammation-Induced Protein Unfolding in Airway Smooth Muscle Triggers a Homeostatic Response in Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010363. [PMID: 33396378 PMCID: PMC7795579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of airway inflammation on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In this review article, we will provide a unifying hypothesis for a homeostatic response to airway inflammation that mitigates oxidative stress and thereby provides resilience to ASM. Previous studies have shown that acute exposure to TNFα increases ASM force generation in response to muscarinic stimulation (hyper-reactivity) resulting in increased ATP consumption and increased tension cost. To meet this increased energetic demand, mitochondrial O2 consumption and oxidative phosphorylation increases but at the cost of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (oxidative stress). TNFα-induced oxidative stress results in the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria of ASM. In the ER, TNFα selectively phosphorylates inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (pIRE1α) triggering downstream splicing of the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s); thus, activating the pIRE1α/XBP1s ER stress pathway. Protein unfolding in mitochondria also triggers an unfolded protein response (mtUPR). In our conceptual framework, we hypothesize that activation of these pathways is homeostatically directed towards mitochondrial remodeling via an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) expression, which in turn triggers: (1) mitochondrial fragmentation (increased dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) and reduced mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) expression) and mitophagy (activation of the Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin mitophagy pathway) to improve mitochondrial quality; (2) reduced Mfn2 also results in a disruption of mitochondrial tethering to the ER and reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ influx; and (3) mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mitochondrial volume density. The homeostatic remodeling of mitochondria results in more efficient O2 consumption and oxidative phosphorylation and reduced ROS formation by individual mitochondrion, while still meeting the increased ATP demand. Thus, the energetic load of hyper-reactivity is shared across the mitochondrial pool within ASM cells.
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155
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Lyly A, Laulajainen-Hongisto A, Gevaert P, Kauppi P, Toppila-Salmi S. Monoclonal Antibodies and Airway Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9477. [PMID: 33322143 PMCID: PMC7763928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies, biologics, are a relatively new treatment option for severe chronic airway diseases, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this review, we focus on the physiological and pathomechanisms of monoclonal antibodies, and we present recent study results regarding their use as a therapeutic option against severe airway diseases. Airway mucosa acts as a relative barrier, modulating antigenic stimulation and responding to environmental pathogen exposure with a specific, self-limited response. In severe asthma and/or CRS, genome-environmental interactions lead to dysbiosis, aggravated inflammation, and disease. In healthy conditions, single or combined type 1, 2, and 3 immunological response pathways are invoked, generating cytokine, chemokine, innate cellular and T helper (Th) responses to eliminate viruses, helminths, and extracellular bacteria/fungi, correspondingly. Although the pathomechanisms are not fully known, the majority of severe airway diseases are related to type 2 high inflammation. Type 2 cytokines interleukins (IL) 4, 5, and 13, are orchestrated by innate lymphoid cell (ILC) and Th subsets leading to eosinophilia, immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses, and permanently impaired airway damage. Monoclonal antibodies can bind or block key parts of these inflammatory pathways, resulting in less inflammation and improved disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Lyly
- Inflammation Centre, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 160, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Anu Laulajainen-Hongisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Philippe Gevaert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Heart and Lung Center, Pulmonary Department, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Sanna Toppila-Salmi
- Inflammation Centre, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 160, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland;
- Medicum, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
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156
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Yang A, Yu G, Wu Y, Wang H. Role of β2-adrenergic receptors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Life Sci 2020; 265:118864. [PMID: 33301808 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) have important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In recent years, progress has been made in the study of β2-ARs. Here, we introduce the basic concepts of β2-ARs, related pathways, as well as application of blockers/agonists of β2-ARs, and β2-AR autoantibodies in COPD. Drugs targeting the β2-AR are being developed rapidly, and we expect them to improve the symptoms and prognosis of COPD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ganggang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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157
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O'Sullivan MJ, Phung TKN, Park JA. Bronchoconstriction: a potential missing link in airway remodelling. Open Biol 2020; 10:200254. [PMID: 33259745 PMCID: PMC7776576 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In asthma, progressive structural changes of the airway wall are collectively termed airway remodelling. Despite its deleterious effect on lung function, airway remodelling is incompletely understood. As one of the important causes leading to airway remodelling, here we discuss the significance of mechanical forces that are produced in the narrowed airway during asthma exacerbation, as a driving force of airway remodelling. We cover in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo work in this field, and discuss up-to-date literature supporting the idea that bronchoconstriction may be the missing link in a comprehensive understanding of airway remodelling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA
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158
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Falduto GH, Pfeiffer A, Luker A, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. Emerging mechanisms contributing to mast cell-mediated pathophysiology with therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107718. [PMID: 33130192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that play key roles in the initiation and perpetuation of allergic inflammation, usually through IgE-mediated mechanisms. Mast cells are, however, evolutionary ancient immune cells that can be traced back to urochordates and before the emergence of IgE antibodies, suggesting their involvement in antibody-independent biological functions, many of which are still being characterized. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the roles of mast cells in health and disease, partly through the study of emerging non-IgE receptors such as the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2, implicated in pseudo-allergic reactions as well as in innate defense and neuronal sensing; the mechano-sensing adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2, variants of which are associated with familial vibratory urticaria; and purinergic receptors, which orchestrate tissue damage responses similarly to the IL-33 receptor. Recent evidence also points toward novel mechanisms that contribute to mast cell-mediated pathophysiology. Thus, in addition to releasing preformed mediators contained in granules and synthesizing mediators de novo, mast cells also secrete extracellular vesicles, which convey biological functions. Understanding their release, composition and uptake within a variety of clinical conditions will contribute to the understanding of disease specific pathology and likely lead the way to novel therapeutic approaches. We also discuss recent advances in the development of therapies targeting mast cell activity, including the ligation of inhibitory ITIM-containing receptors, and other strategies that suppress mast cells or responses to mediators for the management of mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido H Falduto
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annika Pfeiffer
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Luker
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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159
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Wu D, Li S, Liu X, Xu J, Jiang A, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Zhou E, Wei Z, Yang Z, Guo C. Alpinetin prevents inflammatory responses in OVA-induced allergic asthma through modulating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and HO-1 signaling pathways in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107073. [PMID: 33039967 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is the most common type of asthma which characterized by inflammatory responses of the airways. Alpinetin, a flavonoid compound derived from the ginger family of medicinal herbs, possesses various biological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and other medical effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of alpinetin on OVA-induced allergic asthma, and further to examine its molecular mechanisms underlying these processes in vivo and in vitro. Mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to build allergic asthma model in vivo. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for inflammatory cells analysis and lung tissues were examined for histopathological examination. The levels of IL-5, IL-13, IL-4, IgE, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were determined by the respective ELISA kits. The PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and HO-1 signaling pathways were examined by western blot analysis. The results showed that alpinetin significantly ameliorated OVA-induced pathologic changes of lungs, such as decreasing massive inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion, and reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF. Alpinetin also decreased the OVA-induced levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IgE. Furthermore, alpinetin inhibited OVA-induced phosphorylation of p65, IκB, PI3K and AKT, and the activity of HO-1 in vivo. More importantly, these anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of alpinetin has also been confirmed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. In conclusion, above results indicate that alpinetin exhibites a potent anti-inflammatory activity in allergic asthma through modulating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and HO-1 signaling pathways, which would be used as a promising therapy agent for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Shuangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Jingnan Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Ershun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China; College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Changmin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China.
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160
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El-Hashim AZ, Khajah MA, Orabi KY, Balakrishnan S, Sary HG, Abdelali AA. Onion Bulb Extract Downregulates EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT Signaling Pathway and Synergizes With Steroids to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:551683. [PMID: 33123005 PMCID: PMC7567342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.551683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of allergic diseases, such as asthma, with both conventional and novel therapies presents a challenge both in terms of optimal effect and cost. On the other hand, traditional therapies utilizing natural products such as onion have been in use for centuries with demonstrated efficacy and safety but without much knowledge of their mechanims of action. In this study, we investigated if the anti-inflammatory effects of onion bulb extract (OBE) are mediated via the modulation of the EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT signaling pathway, and whether OBE can synergise with steroids to produce greater anti-inflammatory actions. Treatment with OBE inhibited the house dust mite (HDM)-induced increased phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2 and AKT which resulted in the inhibition of HDM-induced increase in airway cellular influx, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, goblet cell hyper/metaplasia, and also inhibited ex vivo eosinophil chemotaxis. Moreover, treatment with a combination of a low dose OBE and low dose dexamethasone resulted in a significant inhibition of the HDM-induced cellular influx, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, goblet cell hyper/metaplasia, and increased the pERK1/2 levels, whereas neither treatment, when given alone, had any discernible effects. This study therefore shows that inhibition of the EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT-dependent signaling pathway is one of the key mechanisms by which OBE can mediate its anti-inflammatory effects in diseases such as asthma. Importantly, this study also demonstrates that combining OBE with steroids results in significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. This action may have important potential implications for future asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maitham A Khajah
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Y Orabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sowmya Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hanan G Sary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ala A Abdelali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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161
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Leukotriene D 4 role in allergic asthma pathogenesis from cellular and therapeutic perspectives. Life Sci 2020; 260:118452. [PMID: 32956660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory and allergic disease that is mainly characterized by reversible airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The incidence of asthma is increasing with more than 350 million people worldwide are affected. Up to now, there is no therapeutic option for asthma and most of the prescribed drugs aim to ameliorate the symptoms of the disease especially during the acute exacerbations after trigger exposure. Asthma is a heterogonous disease that involves interactions between inflammatory mediators and cellular components within the disease microenvironment including inflammatory and structural cells. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are inflammatory lipid mediators that have potent roles in asthma pathogenesis. CysLTs consisting of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are mainly secreted by leukocytes and act through three main G-protein coupled receptors (CysLT1R, CysLT2R, and CysLT3R). LTD4 is the most potent bronchoconstrictor which gives it the priority to be discussed in detail in this review. LTD4 binds with high affinity to CysLT1R and many studies showed that using CysLT1R antagonists such as montelukast has a beneficial effect for asthmatics especially in corticosteroid refractory cases. Since asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of many cell types involved in the disease pathogenies and LTD4 has a special role in inflammation and bronchoconstriction, this review highlights the role of LTD4 on each cellular component in asthma and the benefits of using CysLT1R antagonists in ameliorating LTD4-induced effects.
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Jian T, Chen J, Ding X, Lv H, Li J, Wu Y, Ren B, Tong B, Zuo Y, Su K, Li W. Flavonoids isolated from loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in COPD mice: the role of TRPV1 signaling pathways. Food Funct 2020; 11:3516-3526. [PMID: 32253400 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive lung disease with few successful treatments, and is strongly associated with cigarette smoking (CS). Since the novel coronavirus has spread worldwide seriously, there is growing concern that patients who have chronic respiratory conditions like COPD can easily be infected and are more prone to having severe illness and even mortality because of lung dysfunction. Loquat leaves have long been used as an important material for both pharmaceutical and functional applications in the treatment of lung disease in Asia, especially in China and Japan. Total flavonoids (TF), the main active components derived from loquat leaves, showed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, their protective activity against CS-induced COPD airway inflammation and oxidative stress and its underlying mechanism still remain not well-understood. The present study uses a CS-induced mouse model to estimate the morphological changes in lung tissue. The results demonstrated that TF suppressed the histological changes in the lungs of CS-challenged mice, as evidenced by reduced generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and diminished the protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Moreover, TF also inhibited phosphorylation of IKK, IκB and NFκB and increased p-Akt. Interestingly, TF could inhibit CS-induced oxidative stress in the lungs of COPD mice. TF treatment significantly inhibited the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, TF markedly downregulated TRPV1 and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and upregulated the expression of SOD-2, while the p-JNK level was observed to be inhibited in COPD mice. Taken together, our findings showed that the protective effect and putative mechanism of the action of TF resulted in the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress through the regulation of TRPV1 and the related signal pathway in lung tissues. It suggested that TF derived from loquat leaves could be considered to be an alternative or a new functional material and used for the treatment of CS-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunyu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yuexian Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Bingru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Kelei Su
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China and Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China. and Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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163
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Chen L, Zhu L, Lu D, Wu Z, Han Y, Xu P, Chang L, Wu Q. Interleukin 4 Affects Epilepsy by Regulating Glial Cells: Potential and Possible Mechanism. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:554547. [PMID: 33013320 PMCID: PMC7500526 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.554547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain dysfunction induced by an abnormal neuronal discharge that is caused by complicated psychopathologies. Recently, accumulating studies have revealed a close relationship between inflammation and epilepsy. Specifically, microglia and astrocytes are important inflammatory cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that have been proven to be related to the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy. Additionally, interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory factor that can regulate microglia and astrocytes in many aspects. This review article focuses on the regulatory role of IL-4 in the pathological changes of glial cells related to epilepsy. We additionally propose that IL-4 may play a protective role in epileptogenesis and suggest that IL-4 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Lu
- Biomedicine Engineering Research Centre, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Psychology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Puying Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lvhua Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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164
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Jing P, Zou J, Zhang L, Wang C, Yang Y, Deng L, Zhao D. HOXB2 and FOXC1 synergistically drive the progression of Wilms tumor. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104469. [PMID: 32445751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To uncover the expression patterns of HOXB2 and FOXC1 in Wilms tumor samples, and their synergistical regulations on the development of Wilms tumor. METHODS Expression levels of HOXB2 and FOXC1 in 58 cases of Wilms tumor tissues and paracancerous ones were detected. The influences of HOXB2 and FOXC1 on prognosis in Wilms tumor patients were analyzed. Their regulatory effects on proliferative and migratory abilities in WT-CLS1 and HFWT cells were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between HOXB2 and FOXC1, and their synergistical regulation on the development of Wilms tumor were finally explored. RESULTS HOXB2 and FOXC1 were upregulated in Wilms tumor tissues. Higher levels of HOXB2 and FOXC1 indicated higher risks of advanced stage and lymphatic metastasis, as well as worse prognosis in Wilms tumor patients. Knockdown of HOXB2 or FOXC1 weakened proliferative and migratory abilities in WT-CLS1 and HFWT cells, while the opposite trends were observed in those overexpressing HOXB2 or FOXC1. The positive interaction between HOXB2 and FOXC1 was identified, which synergistically drove the malignant development of Wilms tumor. CONCLUSIONS HOXB2 and FOXC1 are upregulated in Wilms tumor samples, and they are closely linked to tumor staging and lymphatic metastasis in Wilms tumor patients. HOXB2 and FOXC1 synergistically drive the malignant development of Wilms tumor by stimulating proliferative and migratory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jing
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | - Jiaqiong Zou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuanbo Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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165
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Conaway S, Nayak AP, Deshpande DA. Therapeutic potential and challenges of bitter taste receptors on lung cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 51:43-49. [PMID: 32810767 PMCID: PMC7530014 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling are pathological drivers of disease progression and mortality in asthma. Importantly, approximately 50% of affected individuals are unable to reliably manage disease symptoms using the current standard of care. Recently, T2Rs have been identified as a novel class of G protein-coupled receptors expressed in the airway that on activation can induce ASM relaxation and reduction in airway tone. Further, agonists of T2Rs may also remedy airway remodeling, which has been difficult to manage with currently available medications. In this review, we will discuss the recent developments in T2R biology and their role in cellular physiology (particularly ASM) and expand on the therapeutic potential of T2R agonists in treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Conaway
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Ajay P Nayak
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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Laulajainen-Hongisto A, Toppila-Salmi SK, Luukkainen A, Kern R. Airway Epithelial Dynamics in Allergy and Related Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:204. [PMID: 32292784 PMCID: PMC7118214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma are highly prevalent, multifactorial chronic airway diseases. Several environmental and genetic factors affect airway epithelial dynamics leading to activation of inflammatory mechanisms in the airways. This review links environmental factors to host epithelial immunity in airway diseases. Understanding altered homeostasis of the airway epithelium might provide important targets for diagnostics and therapy of chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Laulajainen-Hongisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sanna Katriina Toppila-Salmi
- Haartman Institute, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Luukkainen
- Haartman Institute, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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167
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Patinote C, Karroum NB, Moarbess G, Cirnat N, Kassab I, Bonnet PA, Deleuze-Masquéfa C. Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112238. [PMID: 32203790 PMCID: PMC7173040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the TLRs family and more precisely its functions opened a variety of gates to modulate immunological host responses. TLRs 7/8 are located in the endosomal compartment and activate a specific signaling pathway in a MyD88-dependant manner. According to their involvement into various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant diseases, researchers have designed diverse TLRs 7/8 ligands able to boost or block the inherent signal transduction. These modulators are often small synthetic compounds and most act as agonists and to a much lesser extent as antagonists. Some of them have reached preclinical and clinical trials, and only one has been approved by the FDA and EMA, imiquimod. The key to the success of these modulators probably lies in their combination with other therapies as recently demonstrated. We gather in this review more than 360 scientific publications, reviews and patents, relating the extensive work carried out by researchers on the design of TLRs 7/8 modulators, which are classified firstly by their biological activities (agonist or antagonist) and then by their chemical structures, which total syntheses are not discussed here. This review also reports about 90 clinical cases, thereby showing the biological interest of these modulators in multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Patinote
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nour Bou Karroum
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Moarbess
- Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
| | - Natalina Cirnat
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Issam Kassab
- Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
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Koyanagi M, Arimura Y. Comparative Expression Analysis of Stress-Inducible Genes in Murine Immune Cells. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:907-925. [PMID: 31833438 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1702673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Psychological stress affects the immune system. Upon stress occurrence, glucocorticoid is released that binds to the glucocorticoid receptor and regulates gene expression. Thus, we aimed to examine the stress-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms by investigating the expression patterns of stress-inducible genes in murine immune cells. Methods: BALB/c, C57BL/6, glucocorticoid-receptor congenic mice, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-deficient mice were exposed to synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, or placed under a restraint condition. The expression level of stress-related genes, such as Rtp801, Gilz, Mkp-1, Bnip3, and Trp53inp1 was measured in the immune cells in these mice. Results: Short restraint stress induced Rtp801 and Gilz expressions that were higher in the spleen of BALB/c mice than those in C57BL/6 mice. Mkp-1 expression increased equally in these two strains, despite the difference in the glucocorticoid level. These three genes induced by short restraint stress were not induced in the CRH-deficient mice. In contrast, Bnip3 and Trp53inp1 were only upregulated upon longer restraint events. In the thymus, Trp53inp1 expression was induced upon short restraint stress, whereas Gilz expression constantly increased upon short and repetitive restraint stresses. Conclusion: These results suggest that singular and repetitive bouts of stress lead to differential gene expression in mice and stress-induced gene expression in thymocytes is distinct from that observed in splenocytes. Gilz, Rtp801, and Mkp-1 genes induced by short restraint stress are dependent on CRH in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Koyanagi
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Arimura
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo, Japan
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