151
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Tsekoa TL, Singh AA, Buthelezi SG. Molecular farming for therapies and vaccines in Africa. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 61:89-95. [PMID: 31786432 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Local manufacturing of protein-based vaccines and therapies in Africa is limited and contributes to a trade deficit, security of supply concerns and poor access to biopharmaceuticals by the poor. Plant molecular farming is a potential technology solution that has received growing adoption by African scientists attracted by the potential for the competitive cost of goods, safety and efficacy. Plant-made pharmaceutical technologies for veterinary and human vaccination and treatment of non-communicable and infectious diseases are available at different stages of development in Africa. There is also growth in the translation of these technologies to commercial operations. Africa is poised to benefit from the real-world impact of molecular farming in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo L Tsekoa
- NextGen Health and Future Production: Chemistry Clusters, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Advaita Acarya Singh
- NextGen Health and Future Production: Chemistry Clusters, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sindisiwe G Buthelezi
- NextGen Health and Future Production: Chemistry Clusters, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
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152
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Saqr A, Vakili MR, Huang YH, Lai R, Lavasanifar A. Development of Traceable Rituximab-Modified PEO-Polyester Micelles by Postinsertion of PEG-phospholipids for Targeting of B-cell Lymphoma. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18867-18879. [PMID: 31737848 PMCID: PMC6854837 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop rituximab (RTX)-modified polymeric micelles for targeting of B-cell lymphoma cells, through postinsertion of RTX-poly(ethylene glycol)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (RTX-PEG-DSPE) into methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) or methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(ε-benzylcarboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PEO-PBCL) micelles. Mixed micelles were made traceable by introducing Cy5.5 to RTX and conjugating Cy3 to propargyl moiety, end-capped PCL or PBCL. Successful adaptation of the postinsertion method for the formation of immunomicelles was evidenced by measurement of RTX levels on the micellar surface, purified from free RTX by size exclusion chromatography, using microBSA assay. A change in the micellar diameter, from 50-70 nm for PEO-PCL and PEO-PBCL micelles and 20 nm for PEG-DSPE micelles, to 80-95 nm for the mixed micellar population as well as the critical micellar concentration of mixed micelles provided further proof for the success of the postinsertion method applied here. Mixed micelles containing PCL or PBCL with a degree of polymerization of 22 (PCL22 and PBCL22) were thermodynamically and kinetically more stable than those with PCL15. Accordingly, RTX micelles containing PCL22 or PBCL22 showed a higher percentage of Cy3+/Cy5.5+ cell population in CD20+ KG-15 cells, than those with PCL15. The percentage of Cy3+/Cy5.5+ cell population drastically reduced in the presence of competing RTX for micelles containing PCL22 or PBCL22 cores, indicating the superiority of these structures for active targeting of CD20+ cells. No significant difference in the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in RTX-micelles versus plain ones was observed, reflecting the noninternalizing function of CD20. The results show that traceable mixed micelles prepared through postinsertion of RTX-PEG-DSPE to PEO-PCL22 or PEO-PBCL22 micelles can be used for targeting and/or imaging of CD20+ B cell lymphoma cells. The postinsertion method can be adopted to prepare other PEO-poly(ester)-based immunomicelles for active targeting of other diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saqr
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Mohammad Reza Vakili
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Yung-Hsing Huang
- Department
of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R7
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department
of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R7
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
- Department
of Chemical and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
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153
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Kvopka M, Lake SR, Smith JR. Intraocular chemotherapy for vitreoretinal lymphoma: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 48:240-248. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kvopka
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Stewart R. Lake
- Ophthalmology Unit – Division of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Justine R. Smith
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Ophthalmology Unit – Division of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
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154
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Suman SK, Kameswaran M, Mallia M, Mittal S, Dash A. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of 99mTc-Hynic-fragments [F(ab')2 and F(ab')] of Rituximab as radioimmunoscintigraphic agents for patients with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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155
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Comparisons of 131I-rituximab treatment responses in patients with aggressive lymphoma and indolent lymphoma. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:881-890. [PMID: 31571043 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the changes in treatment response over time after single 131I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy (RIT) according to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) types. METHODS Fifteen aggressive and 21 indolent lymphoma cases undergoing RIT were evaluated. All patients underwent 18F-FDG-PET-CT before and 5 days, 1, and 3 months after RIT. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and the sum of the products of the longest perpendicular diameters of tumours (SPD) were evaluated. Treatment responses were evaluated 1 and 3 months after RIT RESULTS: In aggressive lymphoma, SUV decreased at 5 days after RIT but increased after that. SPD decreased at 1 month but significantly increased at 3 months. Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) at 1 month after RIT were changed to PD at 3 months after RIT. In indolent lymphoma, the SUV decreased continuously until 1 month after RIT. The SPD significantly decreased at 1 month and tended to further decrease to 3 months. CR, PR, SD, and PD at 1 month after RIT were achieved in 0, 8, 13, and 0 cases, respectively. Among the 13 SD cases, one changed to CR, three changed to PR, and nine had not changed at 3 months after RIT. CONCLUSIONS The treatment response to single RIT differed depending on NHL type. These findings suggest a need to establish an optimal treatment regimen based on NHL aggressiveness.
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156
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Suman SK, Kameswaran M, Pandey U, Sarma HD, Dash A. Preparation and preliminary bioevaluation studies of 68 Ga-NOTA-rituximab fragments as radioimmunoscintigraphic agents for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:850-859. [PMID: 31461549 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab is used for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This study focuses on development of 68 Ga-labeled rituximab fragments, (68 Ga-NOTA-F (ab')-rituximab and 68 Ga-NOTA-F (ab')2 -rituximab, as PET-imaging agents for NHL. Rituximab was digested with immobilized pepsin and papain to yield F (ab')2 and Fab fragments respectively that were characterized by size exclusion HPLC (SE-HPLC) and SDS-PAGE. They were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA, labeled with 68 Ga and characterized by SE-HPLC. Intact rituximab was labeled with gallium-68 for comparison. Specificity of 68 Ga-labeled immunoconjugates was ascertained by immunoreactivity and cell binding studies in Raji cells, while biodistribution studies were performed in normal Swiss mice. Gradient SDS-PAGE under nonreducing condition showed molecular weights of F (ab')2 -rituximab and F (ab')-rituximab as approximately 100 and 40 Kd, respectively. Radiochemical purity (RCP) of 68 Ga-NOTA-F (ab')2 -rituximab and 68 Ga-NOTA-F (ab')-rituximab were 98.2 ± 0.5% and 98.8 ± 0.2% respectively with retention times of 17.1 ± 0.1 min and 19.3 ± 0.1 min in SE-HPLC. 68 Ga-labeled rituximab fragments were stable in saline and serum up to 2-hour post preparation and exhibited specificity to CD20 antigen. Immunoreactivity of 68 Ga-labeled immunoconjugates was greater than 80%. Clearance of the fragmented radioimmunoconjugates was predominantly through renal route. Preliminary results from this study demonstrate the potential of 68 Ga- NOTA-F (ab')2 -rituximab and 68 Ga-NOTA-F (ab')-rituximab as PET imaging agents for NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishu Kant Suman
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Isotope Applications and Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Isotope Applications and Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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157
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Das S, Bhattacharya B, Das B, Sinha B, Jamatia T, Paul K. Etiologic Role of Kinases in the Progression of Human Cancers and Its Targeting Strategies. Indian J Surg Oncol 2019; 12:34-45. [PMID: 33994726 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-019-00972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the dominant causes of death worldwide while lifelong prognosis is still inauspicious. The maturation of the cancer is seen as a process of transformation of a healthy cell into a tumor-sensitive cell, which is held entirely at the cellular, molecular, and genetic levels of the organism. Tyrosine kinases can play a major, etiologic role in the inception of malignancy and devote to the uncontrolled proliferation of cancerous cells and the progression of a tumor as well as the development of metastatic disease. Angiogenesis and oncogene activation are the major event in cell proliferation. The growth of a tumor and metastasis are fully depending on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis triggered by chemical signals from tumor cells in a phase of rapid growth. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are compounds that inhibit tyrosine kinases and effective in targeting angiogenesis and blocking the signaling pathways of oncogenes. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors like afatinib, erlotinib, crizotinib, gefitinib, and cetuximab are shown to a selective cut off tactic toward the constitutive activation of an oncogene in tumor cells, and thus contemplated as promising therapeutic approaches for the diagnosis of cancer and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Bireswar Bhattacharya
- Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Agartala, Tripura 799005 India
| | - Biplajit Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Bibek Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Taison Jamatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Kishan Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
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158
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Bouwstra R, He Y, de Boer J, Kooistra H, Cendrowicz E, Fehrmann RSN, Ammatuna E, Zu Eulenburg C, Nijland M, Huls G, Bremer E, van Meerten T. CD47 Expression Defines Efficacy of Rituximab with CHOP in Non-Germinal Center B-cell (Non-GCB) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Patients (DLBCL), but Not in GCB DLBCL. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1663-1671. [PMID: 31409608 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Addition of rituximab (R) to "CHOP" (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy improved outcome for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Approximately 40% of patients who receive R-CHOP still succumb to disease due to intrinsic resistance or relapse. A potential negative regulator of DLBCL treatment outcome is the CD47 "don't eat me" immune checkpoint. To delineate the impact of CD47, we used a clinically and molecularly well-annotated cohort of 939 DLBCL patients, comprising both germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB DLBCL subtypes, treated with either CHOP or R-CHOP. High (above median) CD47 mRNA expression correlated with a detrimental effect on overall survival (OS) when DLBCL patients received R-CHOP therapy (P = 0.001), but not CHOP therapy (P = 0.645). Accordingly, patients with low CD47 expression benefited most from the addition of rituximab to CHOP [HR, 0.32; confidence interval (CI), 0.21-0.50; P < 0.001]. This negative impact of high CD47 expression on OS after R-CHOP treatment was only evident in cancers of non-GCB origin (HR, 2.09; CI, 1.26-3.47; P = 0.004) and not in the GCB subtype (HR, 1.16; CI, 0.68-1.99; P = 0.58). This differential impact of CD47 in non-GCB and GCB was confirmed in vitro, as macrophage-mediated phagocytosis stimulated by rituximab was augmented by CD47-blocking antibody only in non-GCB cell lines. Thus, high expression of CD47 mRNA limited the benefit of addition of rituximab to CHOP in non-GCB patients, and CD47-blockade only augmented rituximab-mediated phagocytosis in non-GCB cell lines. Patients with non-GCB DLBCL may benefit from CD47-targeted therapy in addition to rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Bouwstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuan He
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke de Boer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Kooistra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ewa Cendrowicz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf S N Fehrmann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Zu Eulenburg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Nijland
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Tom van Meerten
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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159
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Laule CF, Odean EJ, Wing CR, Root KM, Towner KJ, Hamm CM, Gilbert JS, Fleming SD, Regal JF. Role of B1 and B2 lymphocytes in placental ischemia-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H732-H742. [PMID: 31397167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00132.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a prevalent pregnancy complication characterized by new-onset maternal hypertension and inflammation, with placental ischemia as the initiating event. Studies of others have provided evidence for the importance of lymphocytes in placental ischemia-induced hypertension; however, the contributions of B1 versus B2 lymphocytes are unknown. We hypothesized that peritoneal B1 lymphocytes are important for placental ischemia-induced hypertension. As an initial test of this hypothesis, the effect of anti-CD20 depletion on both B-cell populations was determined in a reduced utero-placental perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of preeclampsia. Anti-murine CD20 monoclonal antibody (5 mg/kg, Clone 5D2) or corresponding mu IgG2a isotype control was administered intraperitoneally to timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on gestation day (GD)10 and 13. RUPP or sham control surgeries were performed on GD14, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured on GD19 from a carotid catheter. As anticipated, RUPP surgery increased MAP and heart rate and decreased mean fetal and placental weight. However, anti-CD20 treatment did not affect these responses. On GD19, B-cell populations were enumerated in the blood, peritoneal cavity, spleen, and placenta with flow cytometry. B1 and B2 cells were not significantly increased following RUPP. Anti-CD20 depleted B1 and B2 cells in peritoneum and circulation but depleted only B2 lymphocytes in spleen and placenta, with no effect on circulating or peritoneal IgM. Overall, these data do not exclude a role for antibodies produced by B cells before depletion but indicate the presence of B lymphocytes in the last trimester of pregnancy is not critical for placental ischemia-induced hypertension.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The adaptive and innate immune systems are implicated in hypertension, including the pregnancy-specific hypertensive condition preeclampsia. However, the mechanism of immune system dysfunction leading to pregnancy-induced hypertension is unresolved. In contrast to previous reports, this study reveals that the presence of classic B2 lymphocytes and peritoneal and circulating B1 lymphocytes is not required for development of hypertension following third trimester placental ischemia in a rat model of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor F Laule
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Evan J Odean
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Cameron R Wing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Kate M Root
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Kendra J Towner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Cassandra M Hamm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey S Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | | | - Jean F Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
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160
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Tanaka J, Tanaka N, Wang YH, Mitsuhashi K, Ryuzaki M, Iizuka Y, Watanabe A, Ishiyama M, Shinohara A, Kazama H, Hagiwara S, Yoshinaga K, Kougen Y, Kobayashi H, Kanno H, Shiseki M. Phase I study of cellular therapy using ex vivo expanded natural killer cells from autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells combined with rituximab-containing chemotherapy for relapsed CD20-positive malignant lymphoma patients. Haematologica 2019; 105:e190-e193. [PMID: 31399525 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yumi Kougen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kobayashi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kanno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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161
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Keller MD, Darko S, Lang H, Ransier A, Lazarski CA, Wang Y, Hanley PJ, Davila BJ, Heimall JR, Ambinder RF, Barrett AJ, Rooney CM, Heslop HE, Douek DC, Bollard CM. T-cell receptor sequencing demonstrates persistence of virus-specific T cells after antiviral immunotherapy. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:206-218. [PMID: 31219185 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Adoptive cellular therapy with virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has been successful in preventing or treating targeted viruses in prior studies, but the composition of ex vivo expanded VST and the critical cell populations that mediate antiviral activity in vivo are not well defined. We utilized deep sequencing of the T-cell receptor beta chain (TCRB) in order to classify and track VST populations in 12 patients who received VSTs following HSCT to prevent or treat viral infections. TCRB sequencing was performed on sorted VST products and patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples. TCRB diversity was gauged using the Shannon entropy index, and repertoire similarity determined using the Morisita-Horn index. Similarity indices reflected an early change in TCRB diversity in eight patients, and TCRB clonotypes corresponding to targeted viral epitopes expanded in eight patients. TCRB repertoire diversity increased in nine patients, and correlated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load following VST infusion (P = 0·0071). These findings demonstrate that allogeneic VSTs can be tracked via TCRB sequencing, and suggests that T-cell receptor repertoire diversity may be critical for the control of CMV reactivation after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sam Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haili Lang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Blachy J Davila
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer R Heimall
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard F Ambinder
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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162
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Yasunaga M. Antibody therapeutics and immunoregulation in cancer and autoimmune disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:1-12. [PMID: 31181267 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and autoimmune disease are closely related, and many therapeutic antibodies are widely used in clinics for the treatment of both diseases. Among them, the anti-CD20 antibody has proven to be effective against both lymphoid malignancy and autoimmune disease. Moreover, immune checkpoint blockade using the anti-PD1/PD-L1/CTLA4 antibody has improved the prognosis of patients with refractory solid tumors. At the same time, however, over-enhancement of immunoreaction can induce autoimmune reaction. Although anti-TNF antibody therapies represent a breakthrough in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, optimal management is required to control the serious associated issues, including development and progression of cancer, and it is becoming more and more important to control the immunoreaction. In addition, next-generation antibody therapeutics such as antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies, are anticipated to treat uncontrolled cancer and autoimmune disease. IL-7R signaling plays an important role in the development and progression of both lymphoid malignancy and autoimmune disease. In addition, abnormal homing activity and steroid resistance caused by IL-7R signaling may worsen prognosis. Therefore, anti-IL-7R targeting antibody therapies that enable suppression of such pathophysiological status have the potential to be beneficial for the treatment of both diseases. In this review, we discuss current antibody therapeutics in cancer and autoimmune disease, and describe a new therapeutic strategy for immunoregulation including IL-7R targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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163
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Chauhan K, Mehta AA. Rituximab in kidney disease and transplant. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:76-82. [PMID: 31392300 PMCID: PMC6600632 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to CD20 antigen of B-cells. It depletes the level of mature B-cells by various mechanisms such as mediation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and B-cell apoptosis. Rituximab is a USFDA approved drug for clinical use in non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma (NHL), rheumatoid arthritis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), granulomatosis with polyangiitis and pemphigus vulgaris. It is also known for its "off label" use in renal disease and renal transplant worldwide. However, the exact mechanisms by which it exerts its effect in the aforementioned condition remain unclear but may be related to its long-term effects on plasma cell development and the impact on B-cell modulation of T cell responses. This review discusses the current use of rituximab in renal disease and renal transplantation, and its potential role in novel therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chauhan
- Medical ServicesTorrent PharmaceuticalsAhmedabadIndia
| | - Anita A. Mehta
- Department of PharmacologyL. M. College of PharmacyAhmedabadGujaratIndia
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164
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165
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Choi KY, Correa S, Min J, Li J, Roy S, Laccetti KH, Dreaden E, Kong S, Heo R, Roh YH, Lawson EC, Palmer PA, Hammond PT. Binary Targeting of siRNA to Hematologic Cancer Cells In Vivo using Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1900018. [PMID: 31839764 PMCID: PMC6910249 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using siRNA therapeutics to treat hematologic malignancies has been unsuccessful because blood cancer cells exhibit remarkable resistance to standard transfection methods. Herein we report the successful delivery of siRNA therapeutics with a dual-targeted, layer-by-layer nanoparticle (LbL-NP). The LbL-NP protects siRNA from nucleases in the bloodstream by embedding it within polyelectrolyte layers that coat a polymeric core. The outermost layer consists of hyaluronic acid (a CD44-ligand) covalently conjugated to CD20 antibodies. The CD20/CD44 dual-targeting outer layer provides precise binding to blood cancer cells, followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis of the LbL-NP. We use this siRNA delivery platform to silence B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), a pro-survival protein, in vitro and in vivo. The dual-targeting approach significantly enhanced internalization of BCL-2 siRNA in lymphoma and leukemia cells, which led to significant downregulation of BCL-2 expression. Systemic administration of the dual-targeted, siRNA-loaded nanoparticle induced apoptosis and hampered proliferation of blood cancer cells both in cell culture and in orthotopic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma animal models. These results provide the basis for approaches to targeting blood-borne cancers and other diseases, and suggest that LbL nanoassemblies are a promising approach for delivering therapeutic siRNA to hematopoetic cell types that are known to evade transfection by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Young Choi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Santiago Correa
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jouha Min
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jiahe Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sweta Roy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kristiana H Laccetti
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Erik Dreaden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie Kong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roun Heo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward C Lawson
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Peter A Palmer
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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166
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Gaikwad H, Wang G, Smith WJ, Alexander KL, D'Alessandro A, Zhang W, Purev E, Simberg D. Clickable Methyltetrazine-Indocarbocyanine Lipids: A Multicolor Tool Kit for Efficient Modifications of Cell Membranes. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2106-2114. [PMID: 31050882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics are one of the most promising and exciting breakthroughs in modern medicine. Modification of the cell surface with ligands, biologics, drugs, and nanoparticles can further enhance the functionality. Previously, we described the synthesis of a dioctadecyl indocarbocyanine Cy3 analog (aminomethyl-DiI) for efficient and stable modification (painting) of mouse erythrocytes with small molecules, enzymes, and biologics. Here, we synthesized a near-infrared aminomethyl dioctadecyl derivative of Cy7 (aminomethyl-DOCy7) and systematically compared it to aminomethyl-DiI as an anchor for the modification of human erythrocytes, Jurkat cells, and primary T cells with immunoglobulin G. To enable copper-free click chemistry modification of cell membranes, we conjugated a methyltetrazine (MTz) group to the amino-indocyanine lipids via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. DOCy7-PEG3400-MTz showed over 99% modification efficiency of human red blood cells (RBCs) at 25 μM. Reaction of trans-cyclooctene (TCO) modified immunoglobulin G (IgG) with DOCy7-PEG4-MTz-modified RBCs (2-step method) resulted in ∼80,000 IgG molecules per erythrocyte, whereas modification with a preconjugated DOCy7-PEG3400-IgG construct (1-step method) resulted in ∼20,000 IgG molecules per erythrocyte as detected by immuno dot-blot. The number of IgG/RBC was controlled by the concentration of IgG. The incubation of RBCs with DiI-PEG3400-MTz resulted in a similar number of IgG/RBC. Modification of the T-lymphocyte cell line Jurkat with IgG resulted in ∼1 × 106 IgG/cell with the 1-step and 2-step methods, and the efficiency was similar for DOCy7 and DiI constructs. Finally, we used DOCy7 and DiI constructs to demonstrate efficient modification of primary CD3+T cells from healthy donors. In conclusion, click indocarbocyanine conjugates represent a novel multicolor chemical biology tool kit for efficient surface modification of different cells types and can be used for potential imaging and drug delivery applications involving engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guankui Wang
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | | | - Keisha L Alexander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Enkhtsetseg Purev
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
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167
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Optimization of Vapor Diffusion Conditions for Anti-CD20 Crystallization and Scale-Up to Meso Batch. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9050230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The crystal form is one of the preferred formulations for biotherapeutics, especially thanks to its ability to ensure high stability of the active ingredient. In addition, crystallization allows the recovery of a very pure drug, thus facilitating the manufacturing process. However, in many cases, crystallization is not trivial, and other formulations, such as the concentrate solution, represent the only choice. This is the case of anti-cluster of differentiation 20 (anti-CD20), which is one of the most sold antibodies for therapeutic uses. Here, we propose a set of optimized crystallization conditions for producing anti-CD20 needle-shaped crystals within 24 h in a very reproducible manner with high yield. High crystallization yield was obtained with high reproducibility using both hanging drop vapor diffusion and meso batch, which is a major step forward toward further scaling up the crystallization of anti-CD20. The influence of anti-CD20 storage conditions and the effect of different ions on the crystallization processes were also assessed. The crystal quality and the high yield allowed the first crystallographic investigation on anti-CD20, which positively confirmed the presence of the antibody in the crystals.
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168
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Targeting Tumor Markers with Antisense Peptides: An Example of Human Prostate Specific Antigen. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092090. [PMID: 31035335 PMCID: PMC6540241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to outline the development of short peptide targeting of the human prostate specific antigen (hPSA), and to evaluate its effectiveness in staining PSA in human prostate cancer tissue. The targeting of the hPSA antigen by means of antisense peptide AVRDKVG was designed according to a three-step method involving: 1. The selection of the molecular target (hPSA epitope), 2. the modeling of an antisense peptide (paratope) based on the epitope sequence, and 3. the spectroscopic evaluation of sense–antisense peptide binding. We then modified standard hPSA immunohistochemical staining practice by using a biotinylated antisense peptide instead of the standard monoclonal antibody and compared the results of both procedures. Immunochemical testing on human tissue showed the applicability of the antisense peptide technology to human molecular targets. This methodology represents a new approach to deriving peptide ligands and potential lead compounds for the development of novel diagnostic substances, biopharmaceuticals and vaccines.
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169
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Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Mohammadpour AH, Nomani H, Sahebkar A. The effect of diabetes mellitus on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse drug reactions of anticancer drugs. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19339-19351. [PMID: 31017666 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are global problems carrying huge human, social, and economic impact. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk for a number of cancers, including breast, pancreatic, and liver cancer. Moreover, adverse drug reactions are higher in paitents with cancer with T2DM compared to cancer patients without T2DM. Cellular mechanisms of hyperglycemia and chemotherapy efficacy may be different depending upon the particular cancer type and the condition of the patient. This review evaluates the effect of DM on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and adverse drug reactions of commonly used anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, methotrexate, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and adriamycin in both clinical and animal models. A literature search was conducted in scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar including the relevant keywords. The results of the effectiveness of anticancer therapies in patients with DM are, however, inconsistent because DM can negatively impact multiple diverse entities including nerves and vascular structures, insulin-like growth factor 1, the function of the innate immune system, drug pharmacokinetics, the expression levels of hepatic CYP450 , Mdr 1b and enzymes that then lead to drug toxicity. However, in a few circumstances, DM led to attenuation of the toxicity of anticancer drugs secondary to attenuation of the energy-dependent renal uptake process. Overall, the impact of DM on patients with cancer is variable because of the diverse types of cancers and the spectrum of anticancer drugs. With respect to the evidence for cancer involvement in DM pathophysiology and the response to anticancer treatment in patients with DM, many questions still remain and further clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Homa Nomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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170
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Ring A, Müller AMS. [Chemotherapy-Free Treatment of Hematological Neoplasias: Dream or Reality?]. PRAXIS 2019; 108:411-418. [PMID: 31039712 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-Free Treatment of Hematological Neoplasias: Dream or Reality? Abstract. Hematologic neoplasias are a heterogeneous group of diseases based on clonal expansion of immature, dysfunctional blood cell populations. Chemotherapy can achieve long-term remission in some patients, but side effects are often severe and recurrences frequent. The fact that the immune system can have the strongest activity against tumor cells is well-known from the field of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Accordingly, various immunological therapy approaches to combat malignant diseases have been pursued for a long time. New generations of antibody- and cell-based therapies lead to excellent remission rates; the combination of different technologies culminates today in the combination of the targeted specificity of antibody-like molecules with the efficiency of immune effector cells through the use of genetically modified T cells. Data on long-term remissions and long-term consequences still need to mature in order to finally evaluate efficacy and feasibility, especially of prolonged therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ring
- 1 Zentrum für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsspital Zürich
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171
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Cerutti ML, Pesce A, Bès C, Seigelchifer M. Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of RTXM83, a New Rituximab Biosimilar. BioDrugs 2019; 33:307-319. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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172
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Colvin MM, Cook JL, Chang PP, Hsu DT, Kiernan MS, Kobashigawa JA, Lindenfeld J, Masri SC, Miller DV, Rodriguez ER, Tyan DB, Zeevi A. Sensitization in Heart Transplantation: Emerging Knowledge: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e553-e578. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization, defined as the presence of circulating antibodies, presents challenges for heart transplant recipients and physicians. When present, sensitization can limit a transplantation candidate’s access to organs, prolong wait time, and, in some cases, exclude the candidate from heart transplantation altogether. The management of sensitization is not yet standardized, and current therapies have not yielded consistent results. Although current strategies involve antibody suppression and removal with intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and antibody therapy, newer strategies with more specific targets are being investigated.
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173
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Gong B, Kiyotani K, Sakata S, Nagano S, Kumehara S, Baba S, Besse B, Yanagitani N, Friboulet L, Nishio M, Takeuchi K, Kawamoto H, Fujita N, Katayama R. Secreted PD-L1 variants mediate resistance to PD-L1 blockade therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. J Exp Med 2019; 216:982-1000. [PMID: 30872362 PMCID: PMC6446862 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance to PD-L1 blockade therapy following an initial positive response is increasingly observed. Gong et al. show that secreted PD-L1 splicing variants act as “decoys,” mediating resistance to the PD-L1 blockade therapy. Immune checkpoint blockade against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 often induces durable tumor responses in various cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, therapeutic resistance is increasingly observed, and the mechanisms underlying anti–PD-L1 (aPD-L1) antibody treatment have not been clarified yet. Here, we identified two unique secreted PD-L1 splicing variants, which lacked the transmembrane domain, from aPD-L1–resistant NSCLC patients. These secreted PD-L1 variants worked as “decoys” of aPD-L1 antibody in the HLA-matched coculture system of iPSC-derived CD8 T cells and cancer cells. Importantly, mixing only 1% MC38 cells with secreted PD-L1 variants and 99% of cells that expressed wild-type PD-L1 induced resistance to PD-L1 blockade in the MC38 syngeneic xenograft model. Moreover, anti–PD-1 (aPD-1) antibody treatment overcame the resistance mediated by the secreted PD-L1 variants. Collectively, our results elucidated a novel resistant mechanism of PD-L1 blockade antibody mediated by secreted PD-L1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Immunopharmacogenomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakata
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Nagano
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shun Kumehara
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoko Baba
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin Besse
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luc Friboulet
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Makoto Nishio
- The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujita
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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174
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Zhang JY, Zhang PP, Zhou WP, Yu JY, Yao ZH, Chu JF, Yao SN, Wang C, Lone W, Xia QX, Ma J, Yang SJ, Liu KD, Dong ZG, Guo YJ, Smith LM, McKeithan TW, Chan WC, Iqbal J, Liu YY. L-Type Cav 1.2 Calcium Channel-α-1C Regulates Response to Rituximab in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4168-4178. [PMID: 30824586 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One third of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) succumb to the disease partly due to rituximab resistance. Rituximab-induced calcium flux is an important inducer of apoptotic cell death, and we investigated the potential role of calcium channels in rituximab resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The distinctive expression of calcium channel members was compared between patients sensitive and resistant to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone (RCHOP) regimen. The observation was further validated through mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. RESULTS A significant inverse correlation was observed between CACNA1C expression and RCHOP resistance in two independent DLBCL cohorts, and CACNA1C expression was an independent prognostic factor for RCHOP resistance after adjusting for International Prognostic Index, cell-of-origin classification, and MYC/BCL2 double expression. Loss of CACNA1C expression reduced rituximab-induced apoptosis and tumor shrinkage. We further demonstrated direct interaction of CACNA1C with CD20 and its role in CD20 stabilization. Functional modulators of L-type calcium channel showed expected alteration in rituximab-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CACNA1C expression was directly regulated by miR-363 whose high expression is associated with worse prognosis in DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS We identified the role of CACNA1C in rituximab resistance, and modulating its expression or activity may alter rituximab sensitivity in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Zhi-Hua Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Feng Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Na Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Waseem Lone
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Qing-Xin Xia
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Jun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kang-Dong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Gang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Jun Guo
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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175
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Thill M, Thatcher N, Hanes V, Lyman GH. Biosimilars: what the oncologist should know. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1147-1165. [PMID: 30793950 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As originator biologic medicines lose patent protection, some biopharmaceutical companies are focusing on developing similar versions of these costly and complex therapies with a goal of providing more affordable treatment options. Many of these molecules, known as biosimilars, are now approved worldwide and several more are expected to be introduced in the near future. As more biosimilars become available, it is important for clinicians to become familiar with this new category of products and understand how biosimilars are developed, how their development differs from that of originator biologics and how they differ from generics. This review aims to provide the practicing clinician with the knowledge needed to understand biosimilars, along with some guidance on their use in treating oncologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Thill
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Thatcher
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Gary H Lyman
- Public Health Sciences and Research Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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176
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Golob-Urbanc A, Rajčević U, Strmšek Ž, Jerala R. Design of split superantigen fusion proteins for cancer immunotherapy. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6294-6305. [PMID: 30782846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several antibody-targeting cancer immunotherapies have been developed based on T cell activation at the target cells. One of the most potent activators of T cells are bacterial superantigens, which bind to major histocompatibility complex class II on antigen-presenting cells and activate T cells through T cell receptor. Strong T cell activation is also one of the main weaknesses of this strategy as it may lead to systemic T cell activation. To overcome the limitation of conventional antibody-superantigen fusion proteins, we have split a superantigen into two fragments, individually inactive, until both fragments came into close proximity and reassembled into a biologically active form capable of activating T cell response. A screening method based on fusion between SEA and coiled-coil heterodimers was developed that enabled detection of functional split SEA designs. The split SEA design that demonstrated efficacy in fusion with coiled-coil dimer forming polypeptides was fused to a single chain antibody specific for tumor antigen CD20. This design selectively activated T cells by split SEA-scFv fusion binding to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Golob-Urbanc
- From the Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and
| | - Uroš Rajčević
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Strmšek
- From the Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and
| | - Roman Jerala
- From the Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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177
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Au KM, Balhorn R, Balhorn MC, Park SI, Wang AZ. High-Performance Concurrent Chemo-Immuno-Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Hematologic Cancer through Selective High-Affinity Ligand Antibody Mimic-Functionalized Doxorubicin-Encapsulated Nanoparticles. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:122-144. [PMID: 30693332 PMCID: PMC6346391 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most common types of cancer. Relapsed and refractory diseases are still common and remain significant challenges as the majority of these patients eventually succumb to the disease. Herein, we report a translatable concurrent chemo-immuno-radiotherapy (CIRT) strategy that utilizes fully synthetic antibody mimic Selective High-Affinity Ligand (SHAL)-functionalized doxorubicin-encapsulated nanoparticles (Dox NPs) for the treatment of human leukocyte antigen-D related (HLA-DR) antigen-overexpressed tumors. We demonstrated that our tailor-made antibody mimic-functionalized NPs bound selectively to different HLA-DR-overexpressed human lymphoma cells, cross-linked the cell surface HLA-DR, and triggered the internalization of NPs. In addition to the direct cytotoxic effect by Dox, the internalized NPs then released the encapsulated Dox and upregulated the HLA-DR expression of the surviving cells, which further augmented immunogenic cell death (ICD). The released Dox not only promotes ICD but also sensitizes the cancer cells to irradiation by inducing cell cycle arrest and preventing the repair of DNA damage. In vivo biodistribution and toxicity studies confirm that the targeted NPs enhanced tumor uptake and reduced systemic toxicities of Dox. Our comprehensive in vivo anticancer efficacy studies using lymphoma xenograft tumor models show that the antibody-mimic functional NPs effectively inhibit tumor growth and sensitize the cancer cells for concurrent CIRT treatment without incurring significant side effects. With an appropriate treatment schedule, the SHAL-functionalized Dox NPs enhanced the cell killing efficiency of radiotherapy by more than 100% and eradicated more than 80% of the lymphoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Man Au
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina
Center for
Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, and Department of
Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rod Balhorn
- SHAL
Technologies, Inc., 15986
Mines Road, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Monique C. Balhorn
- SHAL
Technologies, Inc., 15986
Mines Road, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Steven I. Park
- Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Levine
Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Division
of Hematology and Oncology, 100 Medical Park Drive, Suite 110, Concord, North Carolina 28025, United States
| | - Andrew Z. Wang
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina
Center for
Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, and Department of
Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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178
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Prica A, Crump M. Improving CD20 antibody therapy: obinutuzumab in lymphoproliferative disorders. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:573-582. [PMID: 30668192 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1498490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Soon after the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab began to change the management of indolent and aggressive B cell lymphomas, development of alternative antibodies - including chemoimmunoconjugates - was undertaken. Among humanized and fully human CD20 antibodies, obinutuzumab has emerged as one antibody that seems to have lived up to the promise of improved efficacy based on in vitro and preclinical experiments. The data available, thus, far establish obinutuzumab's preferred role as the anti-CD20 antibody of choice in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and untreated follicular lymphoma, as well as an important addition to the treatment of rituximab-refractory indolent lymphomas. Additional trials in aggressive lymphoma are required to define the place of this new antibody in the management of patients with curable lymphoma subtypes. There are greater toxicities associated with this treatment, including increased infusion-related reactions and cytopenias, but these are manageable with standard supportive care measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Prica
- a Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology , Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Michael Crump
- a Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology , Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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179
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Ge X, Chen J, Li L, Ding P, Wang Q, Zhang W, Li L, Lv X, Zhou D, Jiang Z, Zeng H, Xu Y, Hou Y, Hu W. Midostaurin potentiates rituximab antitumor activity in Burkitt's lymphoma by inducing apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 10:8. [PMID: 30584254 PMCID: PMC6315025 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An intensive short-term chemotherapy regimen has substantially prolonged the overall survival of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) patients, which has been further improved by addition of rituximab. However, the inevitable development of resistance to rituximab and the toxicity of chemotherapy remain obstacles. We first prepared two BL cell lines resistant to rituximab-mediated CDC. Using a phosphorylation antibody microarray, we revealed that PI3K/AKT pathway contained the most phosphorylated proteins/hits, while apoptosis pathway that may be regulated by PKC displayed the greatest fold enrichment in the resistant cells. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor IPI-145 failed to reverse the resistance. In contrast, the pan-PKC inhibitor midostaurin exhibited potent antitumor activity in both original and resistant cells, alone or in combination with rituximab. Notably, midostaurin promoted apoptosis by reducing the phosphorylation of PKC and consequently of downstream Bad, Bcl-2 and NF-κB. Therefore, midostaurin improved rituximab activity by supplementing pro-apoptotic effects. In vivo, midostaurin alone powerfully prolonged the survival of mice bearing the resistant BL cells compared to rituximab alone treatments. Addition of midostaurin to rituximab led to dramatically improved survival compared to rituximab but not midostaurin monotherapy. Our findings call for further evaluation of midostaurin alone or in combination with rituximab in treating resistant BL in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ge
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luying Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhengzeng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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180
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Ricci JE, Chiche J. Metabolic Reprogramming of Non-Hodgkin's B-Cell Lymphomas and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:556. [PMID: 30564554 PMCID: PMC6288288 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a wide and general term that refers to any intracellular pathways the cell utilizes in order to satisfy its energetic demand and to support cell viability and/or division. Along with phenotypic changes, all mammalian cells including immune cells modulate their metabolic program in order to reach their effector functions. Exacerbated metabolism and metabolic flexibility are also hallmarks of tumor initiation and of tumor cell progression in a complex tumor microenvironment. Metabolic reprogramming is mainly directed by the serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). mTOR exists in two structurally and functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2 that coordinate environmental signals and metabolic/anabolic pathways to provide macromolecules and energy needed for survival and growth. Activation of mTORC1 is required during development, differentiation and activation of immune cells. Aberrant and persistent activation of mTORC1 is often observed in malignant B cells such as Non-Hodgkin's (NH) B-cell lymphomas. Here, we review recent insights on cell metabolism and on basic mechanisms of mTORC1 regulation and metabolic functions. We highlight the distinct mechanisms driving mTORC1 activation in the three most-common types of NH B-cell lymphomas (Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas, Follicular Lymphomas, and Mantle Cell Lymphomas), for which the first generation of mTORC1 inhibitors (rapalogs) have been extensively evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. Finally, we discuss the reasons for limited clinical success of this therapy and focus on potential therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic pathways, upstream and downstream of mTORC1, that can be combined to rapalogs in order to improve patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Team Metabolism, Cancer and Immune Responses, Universiteé Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Johanna Chiche
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Team Metabolism, Cancer and Immune Responses, Universiteé Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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181
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Chemotherapeutic resistance: a nano-mechanical point of view. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1433-1446. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChemotherapeutic resistance is one of the main obstacles for cancer remission. To understand how cancer cells acquire chemotherapeutic resistance, biochemical studies focusing on drug target alteration, altered cell proliferation, and reduced susceptibility to apoptosis were performed. Advances in nano-mechanobiology showed that the enhanced mechanical deformability of cancer cells accompanied by cytoskeletal alteration is a decisive factor for cancer development. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM)–based nano-mechanical studies showed that chemotherapeutic treatments reinforced the mechanical stiffness of drug-sensitive cancer cells. However, drug-resistant cancer cells did not show such mechanical responses following chemotherapeutic treatments. Interestingly, drug-resistant cancer cells are mechanically heterogeneous, with a subpopulation of resistant cells showing higher stiffness than their drug-sensitive counterparts. The signaling pathways involving Rho, vinculin, and myosin II were found to be responsible for these mechanical alterations in drug-resistant cancer cells. In the present review, we highlight the mechanical aspects of chemotherapeutic resistance, and suggest how mechanical studies can contribute to unravelling the multifaceted nature of chemotherapeutic resistance.
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182
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Chapuy CI, Kaufman RM, Alyea EP, Connors JM. Daratumumab for Delayed Red-Cell Engraftment after Allogeneic Transplantation. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:1846-1850. [PMID: 30403942 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1807438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Daratumumab, a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody targeting CD38, is used to treat multiple myeloma. We describe successful treatment with daratumumab in a case of treatment-refractory pure red-cell aplasia after ABO-mismatched allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. The patient was a 72-year-old man with the myelodysplastic syndrome who received a transplant from an HLA-matched, unrelated donor with a major ABO incompatibility (blood group A in the donor and blood group O in the recipient). The patient had persistent circulating anti-A antibodies and no red-cell recovery 200 days after transplantation. Standard treatments had no effect. Within 1 week after the initiation of treatment with daratumumab, he no longer required transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Chapuy
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (C.I.C.), Blood Bank, Department of Pathology (R.M.K.), and the Division of Hematology (J.M.C.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.P.A.) - all in Boston; and the Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (C.I.C.)
| | - Richard M Kaufman
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (C.I.C.), Blood Bank, Department of Pathology (R.M.K.), and the Division of Hematology (J.M.C.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.P.A.) - all in Boston; and the Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (C.I.C.)
| | - Edwin P Alyea
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (C.I.C.), Blood Bank, Department of Pathology (R.M.K.), and the Division of Hematology (J.M.C.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.P.A.) - all in Boston; and the Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (C.I.C.)
| | - Jean M Connors
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (C.I.C.), Blood Bank, Department of Pathology (R.M.K.), and the Division of Hematology (J.M.C.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.P.A.) - all in Boston; and the Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (C.I.C.)
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183
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Ramanathan S, Narula G, Prasad M, Vora T, Chinnaswamy G, Banavali S. Parvoviral disease in childhood cancer: Clinical outcomes and impact on therapy at a tertiary cancer center in India. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27357. [PMID: 30058287 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Parvovirus-B19 disease in immunocompromised children can cause myelosuppression and therapeutic delays. We studied the clinical profiles of children having symptoms suggestive of parvoviral disease at our institution, a large tertiary cancer center. METHODS Children below age 15 years undergoing treatment for malignancies with clinical features suggestive of parvoviral infection, and/or unexplained drop in hemoglobin, and/or prolonged cytopenia were screened for parvovirus infection using DNA-PCR for parvovirus-B19 (PB19) in the peripheral blood. Patients testing positive from September 2014 till February 2017 were studied. RESULTS Of the 59 patients (36 patients with hematolymphoid malignancies, 23 with solid tumors) screened for suspected parvoviral infections, 27 tested positive. Median age was 9.6 years (2.25-15 years), 18 (66%) had hematolymphoid malignancies, while 7 (33%) had solid tumors. Six patients (26%) were on intensive phases, 16 (60%) patients developed the symptoms during maintenance chemotherapy, and 4 (15%) after completion of therapy. Isolated anemia was the commonest feature seen in 10 patients (37%) while bicytopenia and pancytopenia were noticed in 8 (30%) and 9 (33%) patients respectively. Fifty percent of patients those who received rituximab (3/6) developed persistent parvoviremia (>4 weeks) as compared with 24% (5/21) of those who did not. Two patients (7%) developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Treatment delay by more than 14 days was encountered in a majority (62%), with 5 patients requiring treatment modification or even suspension. CONCLUSIONS Parvoviral infection in children who are on or have recently completed chemotherapy can lead to multiple cytopenias and significant treatment delays. Rituximab exposure may lead to persistent parvoviral disease (p < 0.05). HLH, though occasional, can be a serious complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Ramanathan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Narula
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maya Prasad
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tushar Vora
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girish Chinnaswamy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shripad Banavali
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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184
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Neumann F, Acker F, Schormann C, Pfreundschuh M, Bittenbring JT. Determination of optimum vitamin D3 levels for NK cell-mediated rituximab- and obinutuzumab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1709-1718. [PMID: 30132083 PMCID: PMC11028244 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) deficiency impairs rituximab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphomas (DLBCL). Since the optimum 25-OH-D3 serum levels for NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) are unknown, we determined the 25-OH-D3 serum levels associated with maximum NK cell-mediated ADCC. CD20 antibody-loaded CD20+ B-cell lymphoma cell lines were cultured with NK cells and ADCC activity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Using a newly developed formula, pre-defined 25-OH-D3 serum levels were achieved with high individual precision over a wide range. NK cells from 20 healthy individuals killed antibody-treated CD20+ lymphoma cells in a concentration- and E:T ratio-dependent manner with obinutuzumab displaying a stronger ADCC activity than rituximab. Maximum NK-cell activity and ADCC were observed at 65 ng/ml 25-OH-D3, the middle of the normal range (30-100 ng/ml). 25-OH-D3 serum levels around this range should be the target in interventional trials aiming at improving NK cell-mediated ADCC by 25-OH-D3 substitution. Lower levels do not provide significant ADCC improvements in individuals with 25-OH-D3 deficiency or insufficiency and might result in the failure of interventions with 25-OH-D3.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cholecalciferol/blood
- Cholecalciferol/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Female
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/blood
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Rituximab/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neumann
- José Carreras Center for Immuno and Gene Therapy, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Fabian Acker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Claudia Schormann
- José Carreras Center for Immuno and Gene Therapy, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Michael Pfreundschuh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Joerg Thomas Bittenbring
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
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185
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Zella S, Kneiphof J, Haghikia A, Gold R, Woitalla D, Thöne J. Successful therapy with rituximab in three patients with probable neurosarcoidosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418805732. [PMID: 30386436 PMCID: PMC6204624 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418805732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurosarcoidosis occurs in about 5-15% of patients with sarcoidosis. Therapy with corticosteroids is generally accepted as the first-line medication, followed by various immunomodulating and cytotoxic agents or combined therapy. However, some patients show an unsatisfactory outcome or have adverse events and require novel treatment strategies. Methods We describe three patients with systemic sarcoidosis and central nervous system involvement who received CD20-targeted B-cell depletion with rituximab. Results Treatment with rituximab was well tolerated and followed by marked remission in patients nonresponsive to other immunosuppressive agents. Conclusion Rituximab may be used for patients with neurosarcoidosis who are nonresponsive to established treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samis Zella
- Department of Neurology at St. Josef Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, D-44791 Bochum, Germany Department of Neurology at Katholische Kliniken Ruhrhalbinsel Essen, Heidbergweg 22-24, D-45257 Essen, Germany
| | - Janina Kneiphof
- Department of Neurology at St. Josef Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology at St. Josef Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology at St. Josef Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Woitalla
- Department of Neurology at St. Josef Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany Department of Neurology at Katholische Kliniken Ruhrhalbinsel Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Thöne
- Department of Neurology at Katholische Kliniken Ruhrhalbinsel Essen, Essen, Germany
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186
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Yang J, Li L, Kopeček J. Biorecognition: A key to drug-free macromolecular therapeutics. Biomaterials 2018; 190-191:11-23. [PMID: 30391799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights a new paradigm in macromolecular nanomedicine - drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT). The effectiveness of the new system is based on biorecognition events without the participation of low molecular weight drugs. Apoptosis of cells can be initiated by the biorecognition of complementary peptide/oligonucleotide motifs at the cell surface resulting in the crosslinking of slowly internalizing receptors. B-cell CD20 receptors and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were chosen as the first target. Exposing cells to a conjugate of one motif with a targeting ligand decorates the cells with this motif. Further exposure of decorated cells to a macromolecule (synthetic polymer or human serum albumin) containing multiple copies of the complementary motif as grafts results in receptor crosslinking and apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo. The review focuses on recent developments and explores the mechanism of action of DFMT. The altered molecular signaling pathways demonstrated the great potential of DFMT to overcome rituximab resistance resulting from either down-regulation of CD20 or endocytosis and trogocytosis of rituximab/CD20 complexes. The suitability of this approach for the treatment of blood borne cancers is confirmed. In addition, the widespread applicability of DFMT as a new concept in macromolecular therapeutics for numerous diseases is exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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187
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Bhatia D, Sinha A, Hari P, Sopory S, Saini S, Puraswani M, Saini H, Mitra DK, Bagga A. Rituximab modulates T- and B-lymphocyte subsets and urinary CD80 excretion in patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:520-526. [PMID: 29983411 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting B lymphocytes, effectively sustains remission in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). We studied its effects on lymphocyte subsets and urinary CD80 excretion (uCD80) in patients with SDNS. METHODS Blood and urine samples were collected from 18 SDNS patients before rituximab, and after 1 month and 1 year or at first relapse. T and B lymphocytes and uCD80 were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Treatment was associated with reduction in counts of Th17, Th2, and memory T cells, and increased T-regulatory (Treg) cells. The Th17/Treg ratio declined from baseline (median 0.6) to 1 month (0.2, P = 0.006) and increased during relapse (0.3, P = 0.016). Ratios of Th1/Th2 cells at baseline, 1 month after rituximab, and during relapse were 7.7, 14.0 (P = 0.0102), and 8.7, respectively. uCD80 decreased 1 month following rituximab (45.5 vs. 23.0 ng/g creatinine; P = 0.0039). B lymphocytes recovered earlier in relapsers (60.0 vs.183.0 days; P < 0.001). Memory B cells were higher during relapse than remission (29.7 vs.18.0 cells/µL; P = 0.029). CONCLUSION Rituximab-induced sustained remission and B-cell depletion was associated with reduced numbers of Th17 and Th2 lymphocytes, and increased Treg cells; these changes reversed during relapses. Recovery of B cells and memory B cells predicted the occurrence of a relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhatia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Sinha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Hari
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailaja Sopory
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Savita Saini
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Puraswani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshi Saini
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipendra K Mitra
- Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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188
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Bonam SR, Wang F, Muller S. Autophagy: A new concept in autoimmunity regulation and a novel therapeutic option. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:16-32. [PMID: 30219390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, pharmacologic treatments of autoinflammatory diseases are largely palliative rather than curative. Most of them result in non-specific immunosuppression, which can be associated with broad disruption of natural and induced immunity with significant and sometimes serious unwanted injuries. Among the novel strategies that are under development, tools that modulate the immune system to restore normal tolerance mechanisms are central. In these approaches, peptide therapeutics constitute a class of agents that display many physicochemical advantages. Within this class of potent drugs, the phosphopeptide P140 is very promising for treating patients with lupus, and likely also patients with other chronic inflammatory diseases. We discovered that P140 targets autophagy, a finely orchestrated catabolic process, involved in the regulation of inflammation and in the biology of immune cells. In vitro, P140 acts directly on a particular form of autophagy called chaperone-mediated autophagy, which seems to be hyperactivated in certain subsets of lymphocytes in lupus and in other autoinflammatory settings. In lupus, the "correcting" effect of P140 on autophagy results in a weaker signaling of autoreactive T cells, leading to a significant improvement of pathophysiological status of treated mice. These findings also demonstrated ex vivo in human cells, open novel avenues of therapeutic intervention in pathological conditions, in which specific and not general targeting is highly pursued in the context of the new action plans for personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France.
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189
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Okubo K, Ikeda K, Oaku A, Hiruta Y, Nagase K, Kanazawa H. Protein purification using solid-phase extraction on temperature-responsive hydrogel-modified silica beads. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1568:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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190
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Repetto-Llamazares AHV, Malenge MM, O'Shea A, Eiríksdóttir B, Stokke T, Larsen RH, Dahle J. Combination of177Lu-lilotomab with rituximab significantly improves the therapeutic outcome in preclinical models of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:522-531. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion M. Malenge
- Nordic Nanovector ASA; Oslo Norway
- Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | | | | | - Trond Stokke
- Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
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191
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Xiao X, Lian M, Zhang W, Eric Gershwin M, Ma X. The Immunologic Paradoxes of IgG4-Related Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:344-351. [PMID: 29460058 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), which usually occurs in middle-aged and elderly men, is a newly recognized fibroinflammatory condition characterized by swelling and sclerosis of involved organs, increased IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration in lesions, and elevated IgG4 concentration in serum. Despite growing interest in the research, the pathophysiological mechanism remains elusive. Most IgG4-RD patients respond well to steroid therapy initially, but recurrent and refractory cases are common, especially in advanced fibrotic stage. Recent studies have documented the heterogeneity of the B cell lineages, which suggests their multiple functions in IgG4-RD beyond IgG4 production, such as cytokine secretion, antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and modulation of T and B cell interactions. Thus, a critical balance exists between pathogenic and regulatory B subsets to prevent immunopathology. A prompt response to B cell depletion therapy reported in recent cases strongly suggests the imbalance within B cell lineages in IgG4-RD. A more precise understanding of the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD will open up new perspectives for therapeutic strategy. With a particular emphasis on the novel B cell-targeted therapeutic strategies, this review highlights the immunologic features of IgG4-RD and the possible roles of B cell lineages in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Weici Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China. .,Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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192
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Zhu P, Ji P, Wang Y. Using Clinical PK/PD Studies to Support No Clinically Meaningful Differences Between a Proposed Biosimilar and the Reference Product. AAPS J 2018; 20:89. [PMID: 30094524 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peijuan Zhu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey, 07996, USA.
| | - Ping Ji
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaning Wang
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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193
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Monoclonal antibodies as immunomodulatory therapy against cancer and autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 41:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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194
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Xu ZH, Liu CH, Hang JB, Gao BL, Hu JA. Rituximab effectively reverses Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistance through inhibiting the accumulation of rictor on mitochondria-associated ER-membrane (MAM). Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:581-588. [PMID: 28946557 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), a novel group of target-specific anti lung cancer drugs, have recently been found to resistant to some NSCLC cells which have the T790M EGFR mutation. However, recent investigations on the therapies of resistance to EGFR-TKIs are very limited. Therefore, it is important to develop more effective therapies to reverse EGFR-TKIs resistance. In our present study, erlotinib was used as the TKIs drug and the effects of the erlotinib on cell growth were evaluated. Cell viability and concentration dependent studies were performed using HCI-H1975 and HCI-H1299 cells alone with erlotinib, respectively. Further combined with rituximab, the results showed that erlotinib and rituximab were significantly inhibited the cell growth. Furthermore, the combination of erlotinib and rituximab greatly decreased the expression of p-mTOR and p-EGFR. Additional results from western blotting and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that the accumulation of rictor was also decreased on MAM. Thus, all these results suggested that EGFR-TKIs combined with CD20 mono-antibody significantly decrease the cell growth of H1975 cells and H1299, with T790M EGFR mutation, and inhibit the localization of the key mTOR pathway proteins to MAM. So, it may be a promising strategy for overcoming EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Hong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Biao Hang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Li Gao
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-An Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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195
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Pierpont TM, Limper CB, Richards KL. Past, Present, and Future of Rituximab-The World's First Oncology Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:163. [PMID: 29915719 PMCID: PMC5994406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy with binding specificity to CD20. It was the first therapeutic antibody approved for oncology patients and was the top-selling oncology drug for nearly a decade with sales reaching $8.58 billion in 2016. Since its initial approval in 1997, it has improved outcomes in all B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite widespread use, most mechanistic data have been gathered from in vitro studies while the roles of the various response mechanisms in humans are still largely undetermined. Polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptor and complement protein genes have been implicated as potential predictors of differential response to rituximab, but have not yet shown sufficient influence to impact clinical decisions. Unlike most targeted therapies developed today, no known biomarkers to indicate target engagement/tumor response have been identified, aside from reduced tumor burden. The lack of companion biomarkers beyond CD20 itself has made it difficult to predict which patients will respond to any given anti-CD20 antibody. In the past decade, two new anti-CD20 antibodies have been approved: ofatumumab, which binds a distinct epitope of CD20, and obinutuzumab, a mAb derived from rituximab with modifications to the Fc portion and to its glycosylation. Both are fully humanized and have biological activity that is distinct from that of rituximab. In addition to these new anti-CD20 antibodies, another imminent change in targeted lymphoma treatment is the multitude of biosimilars that are becoming available as rituximab's patent expires. While the widespread use of rituximab itself will likely continue, its biosimilars will increase global access to the therapy. This review discusses current research into mechanisms and potential biomarkers of rituximab response, as well as its biosimilars and the newer CD20 binding mAb therapies. Increased ability to assess the effectiveness of rituximab in an individual patient, along with the availability of alternative anti-CD20 antibodies will likely lead to dramatic changes in how we use CD20 antibodies going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Pierpont
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Candice B. Limper
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kristy L. Richards
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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196
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Activated matriptase as a target to treat breast cancer with a drug conjugate. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25983-25992. [PMID: 29899836 PMCID: PMC5995259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effects of a novel antibody drug conjugate (ADC) was tested against human solid tumor cell lines and against human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts in immunosuppressed mice. The ADC targeting activated matriptase of tumor cells was synthesized by using the potent anti-tubulin toxin, monomethyl auristatin-E linked to the activated matriptase-specific monoclonal antibody (M69) via a lysosomal protease-cleavable dipeptide linker. This ADC was found to be cytotoxic against multiple activated matriptase-positive epithelial carcinoma cell lines in vitro and markedly inhibited growth of triple negative breast cancer xenografts and a primary human TNBC (PDX) in vivo. Overexpression of activated matriptase may be a biomarker for response to this ADC. The ADC had potent anti-tumor activity, while the unconjugated M69 antibody was ineffective in a mouse model study using MDA-MB-231 xenografts in mice. Treatment of a human TNBC (MDA-MB-231) showed potent anti-tumor effects in combination with cisplatin in mice. This ADC alone or in combination with cisplatin has the potential to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with TNBC as well as other tumors overexpressing activated matriptase.
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197
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Liu X, Zhao Y. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing: Fueling the revolution in cancer immunotherapy. Curr Res Transl Med 2018; 66:39-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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198
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Tanner JE, Hu J, Alfieri C. Construction and Characterization of a Humanized Anti-Epstein-Barr Virus gp350 Antibody with Neutralizing Activity in Cell Culture. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040112. [PMID: 29642526 PMCID: PMC5923367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in immunosuppressed transplant patients can give rise to a malignant B-cell proliferation known as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). The EBV major virion surface glycoprotein (gp)350 is a principal target of naturally occurring neutralizing antibodies and is viewed as the best target to prevent acute infection and PTLD in at-risk transplant recipients. We have constructed a humanized (hu) version of the murine anti-gp350 neutralizing monoclonal antibody 72a1. The hu72a1 IgG1 antibody displayed no significant anti-mouse activity, recognized both gp350 and its splice variant gp220 as well as a gp350 peptide that was shown to constitute the principal EBV gp350 neutralizing epitope when tested in immunoassays. Hu72a1 antibody blocked in vitro EBV infection of B cells at a level which equaled that of a mouse-human chimeric 72a1 antibody construct. This work provides a further structural and immunological understanding of the 72a1 antibody interaction with EBV gp350, and constitutes a launch point for future anti-EBV therapeutic antibodies designed to block EBV infection and prevent PTLD while eliminating the deleterious antigenic murine features of the original 72a1 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome E Tanner
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Jing Hu
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Caroline Alfieri
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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199
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Zoellner AK, Peter N, Zimmermann Y, Hutter G, Hiddemann W, Dreyling M. Transient antagonism of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and PI3K inhibitor idelalisib in DLBCL cell lines. Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:143-149. [PMID: 29617050 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PI3K inhibitors are evaluated for relapsed and refractory Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. OBJECTIVE As rituximab has shown to influence B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, we investigated the interaction of anti-CD20 antibody rituximab and the new type II glycoengineered anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab in combination with the PI3K delta inhibitor idelalisib. METHODS Established DLBCL cell lines were treated with either rituximab or obinutuzumab alone or in combination with PI3K delta inhibitor idelalisib. RESULTS Rituximab and to a lesser extent obinutuzumab monotherapy resulted in a temporary upregulation of p-Akt, p42/44, and p38 signaling pathways. Idelalisib reduced p-Akt expression. Rituximab antagonized the p-Akt downregulation at early time points, while obinutuzumab did not interfere with idelalisib's effects. In cell growth analysis, early antagonism could also be detected. CONCLUSION The combination of idelalisib with CD antibodies shows an initial antagonism of rituximab but not obinutuzumab in downregulation of PI3K-signaling targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Zoellner
- Department of Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nico Peter
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Grit Hutter
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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200
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Taylor Meadows KR, Steinberg MW, Clemons B, Stokes ME, Opiteck GJ, Peach R, Scott FL. Ozanimod (RPC1063), a selective S1PR1 and S1PR5 modulator, reduces chronic inflammation and alleviates kidney pathology in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193236. [PMID: 29608575 PMCID: PMC5880347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozanimod (RPC1063) is a specific and potent small molecule modulator of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) and receptor 5 (S1PR5), which has shown therapeutic benefit in clinical trials of relapsing multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis. Ozanimod and its active metabolite, RP-101075, exhibit a similar specificity profile at the S1P receptor family in vitro and pharmacodynamic profile in vivo. The NZBWF1 mouse model was used in therapeutic dosing mode to assess the potential benefit of ozanimod and RP-101075 in an established animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Compared with vehicle-treated animals, ozanimod and RP-101075 reduced proteinuria over the duration of the study and serum blood urea nitrogen at termination. Additionally, ozanimod and RP-101075 reduced kidney disease in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by histological assessment of mesangial expansion, endo- and exo-capillary proliferation, interstitial infiltrates and fibrosis, glomerular deposits, and tubular atrophy. Further exploration into gene expression changes in the kidney demonstrate that RP-101075 also significantly reduced expression of fibrotic and immune-related genes in the kidneys. Of note, RP-101075 lowered the number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, a major source of interferon alpha in lupus patients, and reduced all B and T cell subsets in the spleen. Given the efficacy demonstrated by ozanimod and its metabolite RP-101075 in the NZBWF1 preclinical animal model, ozanimod may warrant clinical evaluation as a potential treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R. Taylor Meadows
- Receptos, a wholly owned subsidiary of Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcos W. Steinberg
- Receptos, a wholly owned subsidiary of Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan Clemons
- Receptos, a wholly owned subsidiary of Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Gregory J. Opiteck
- Receptos, a wholly owned subsidiary of Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Peach
- Receptos, a wholly owned subsidiary of Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Fiona L. Scott
- Receptos, a wholly owned subsidiary of Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California, United States of America
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