151
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Elucidation of novel 13-series resolvins that increase with atorvastatin and clear infections. Nat Med 2015; 21:1071-5. [PMID: 26236990 PMCID: PMC4560998 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous mechanisms leading to host protection and resolution of infections without immunosuppression are of wide interest1,2. Here we elucidated the structures of four new host-protective molecules produced in neutrophil-endothelial co-cultures, and present in human and mouse tissues after sterile inflammation or infection. These bioactive molecules contained conjugated triene and diene double bonds with each carrying a 13-carbon position alcohol and were derived from n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5). These compounds, termed 13-series resolvins (RvT), demonstrated potent protective actions increasing mice survival during Escherichia coli infections. RvT also regulated human and mouse phagocyte responses stimulating bacterial phagocytosis and regulating inflammasome components. Their biosynthesis during neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions was initiated by endothelial cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and increased by atorvastatin via S-nitrosylation of COX-2. The actions of atorvastatin and RvT were additive in E. coli infections in mice where they accelerated resolution of inflammation and increased survival >60%. These results document novel host protective molecules in bacterial infections, namely 13-series resolvins, derived from n-3 DPA via transcellular biosynthesis and increased by atorvastatin. These novel molecules regulate key innate protective responses in the resolution of infectious-inflammation.
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152
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Romano M, Cianci E, Simiele F, Recchiuti A. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins in resolution of inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 760:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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153
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Delplanque B, Gibson R, Koletzko B, Lapillonne A, Strandvik B. Lipid Quality in Infant Nutrition: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61:8-17. [PMID: 25883056 PMCID: PMC4927316 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lipids are key for infants to not only meet their high energy needs but also fulfill numerous metabolic and physiological functions critical to their growth, development, and health. The lipid composition of breast milk varies during lactation and according to the mother's diet, whereas the lipid composition of infant formulae varies according to the blend of different fat sources. This report compares the compositions of lipids in breast milk and infant formulae, and highlights the roles of dietary lipids in term and preterm infants and their potential biological and health effects. The major differences between breast milk and formulae lie in a variety of saturated fatty acids (such as palmitic acid, including its structural position) and unsaturated fatty acids (including arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), cholesterol, and complex lipids. The functional outcomes of these differences during infancy and for later child and adult life are still largely unknown, and some of them are discussed, but there is consensus that opportunities exist for improvements in the qualitative lipid supply to infants through the mother's diet or infant formulae. Furthermore, research is required in several areas, including the needs of term and preterm infants for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the sites of action and clinical effects of lipid mediators on immunity and inflammation, the role of lipids on metabolic, neurological, and immunological outcomes, and the mechanisms by which lipids act on short- and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Delplanque
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise Alimentaire (NMPA), Centre de Neurosciences Université Paris-Sud (CNPS), Orsay, France
| | - Robert Gibson
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital. Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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154
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Hasturk H, Abdallah R, Kantarci A, Nguyen D, Giordano N, Hamilton J, Van Dyke TE. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Diet and Inflammation-Induced Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1123-33. [PMID: 25792445 PMCID: PMC4415167 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological and recent clinical studies implicate periodontitis as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previously, we demonstrated that rabbits with experimental periodontitis and cholesterol diet exhibit more aortic plaque compared with diet alone. We also showed that a proresolution mediator, Resolvin E1 (RvE1), reverses the experimental periodontitis. Here, we determined whether oral/topical application of RvE1 attenuates aortic atherosclerosis induced by both diet and periodontal inflammation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Thirty-nine rabbits on a 13-week regimen of 0.5% cholesterol diet were included. Periodontitis was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in 24 rabbits and 15 rabbits were placed in no-periodontitis groups. Interventions were no-treatment, vehicle, and RvE1 treatment (4 μg/site or 0.4 μg/site) topically applied 3× per week. At 13 weeks, both periodontitis and atherosclerosis were quantified. Atherosclerotic plaques were assessed by Sudan IV staining, histology, and ex vivo MRI. Serum levels of C-reactive protein were evaluated as a measure of systemic inflammation. RvE1, used as an oral/topical agent, significantly diminished atherogenesis and prevented periodontitis (P<0.05). In the absence of periodontal inflammation, oral/topical application of RvE1 resulted in significantly less arterial plaque, a lower intima/media ratio, and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration compared with no-treatment (P<0.001). Local oral RvE1 application significantly reduced systemic levels of C-reactive protein (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that oral/topical RvE1 attenuates enhanced atherogenesis induced by periodontitis and prevents vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in the absence of periodontitis. The inhibition of vascular inflammation with endogenous mediators of resolution of inflammation provides a novel approach in the prevention of atherogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Hasturk
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.).
| | - Rima Abdallah
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - Nicholas Giordano
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - James Hamilton
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.).
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155
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Dyall SC. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:52. [PMID: 25954194 PMCID: PMC4404917 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit neuroprotective properties and represent a potential treatment for a variety of neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. However, traditionally there has been a lack of discrimination between the different omega-3 PUFAs and effects have been broadly accredited to the series as a whole. Evidence for unique effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and more recently docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is growing. For example, beneficial effects in mood disorders have more consistently been reported in clinical trials using EPA; whereas, with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, the focus has been on DHA. DHA is quantitatively the most important omega-3 PUFA in the brain, and consequently the most studied, whereas the availability of high purity DPA preparations has been extremely limited until recently, limiting research into its effects. However, there is now a growing body of evidence indicating both independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA. The purpose of this review is to highlight how a detailed understanding of these effects is essential to improving understanding of their therapeutic potential. The review begins with an overview of omega-3 PUFA biochemistry and metabolism, with particular focus on the central nervous system (CNS), where DHA has unique and indispensable roles in neuronal membranes with levels preserved by multiple mechanisms. This is followed by a review of the different enzyme-derived anti-inflammatory mediators produced from EPA, DPA and DHA. Lastly, the relative protective effects of EPA, DPA and DHA in normal brain aging and the most common neurodegenerative disorders are discussed. With a greater understanding of the individual roles of EPA, DPA and DHA in brain health and repair it is hoped that appropriate dietary recommendations can be established and therapeutic interventions can be more targeted and refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Dyall
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University Bournemouth, UK
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156
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Serhan CN, Chiang N, Dalli J. The resolution code of acute inflammation: Novel pro-resolving lipid mediators in resolution. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:200-15. [PMID: 25857211 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies into the mechanisms in resolution of self-limited inflammation and acute reperfusion injury have uncovered a new genus of pro-resolving lipid mediators coined specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins that are each temporally produced by resolving-exudates with distinct actions for return to homeostasis. SPM evoke potent anti-inflammatory and novel pro-resolving mechanisms as well as enhance microbial clearance. While born in inflammation-resolution, SPM are conserved structures with functions discovered in microbial defense, pain, organ protection and tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer, reproduction, and neurobiology-cognition. This review covers these SPM mechanisms and other new omega-3 PUFA pathways that open their path for functions in resolution physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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157
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Astarita G, Kendall AC, Dennis EA, Nicolaou A. Targeted lipidomic strategies for oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1851:456-68. [PMID: 25486530 PMCID: PMC4323855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) through enzymatic or non-enzymatic free radical-mediated reactions can yield an array of lipid metabolites including eicosanoids, octadecanoids, docosanoids and related species. In mammals, these oxygenated PUFA mediators play prominent roles in the physiological and pathological regulation of many key biological processes in the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive and other systems including their pivotal contribution to inflammation. Mass spectrometry-based technology platforms have revolutionized our ability to analyze the complex mixture of lipid mediators found in biological samples, with increased numbers of metabolites that can be simultaneously quantified from a single sample in few analytical steps. The recent development of high-sensitivity and high-throughput analytical tools for lipid mediators affords a broader view of these oxygenated PUFA species, and facilitates research into their role in health and disease. In this review, we illustrate current analytical approaches for a high-throughput lipidomic analysis of eicosanoids and related mediators in biological samples. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Astarita
- Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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158
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159
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Serhan CN, Dalli J, Colas RA, Winkler JW, Chiang N. Protectins and maresins: New pro-resolving families of mediators in acute inflammation and resolution bioactive metabolome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1851:397-413. [PMID: 25139562 PMCID: PMC4324013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute inflammatory responses are protective, yet without timely resolution can lead to chronic inflammation and organ fibrosis. A systems approach to investigate self-limited (self-resolving) inflammatory exudates in mice and structural elucidation uncovered novel resolution phase mediators in vivo that stimulate endogenous resolution mechanisms in inflammation. Resolving inflammatory exudates and human leukocytes utilize DHA and other n-3 EFA to produce three structurally distinct families of potent di- and trihydroxy-containing products, with several stereospecific potent mediators in each family. Given their potent and stereoselective picogram actions, specific members of these new families of mediators from the DHA metabolome were named D-series resolvins (Resolvin D1 to Resolvin D6), protectins (including protectin D1-neuroprotectin D1), and maresins (MaR1 and MaR2). In this review, we focus on a) biosynthesis of protectins and maresins as anti-inflammatory-pro-resolving mediators; b) their complete stereochemical assignments and actions in vivo in disease models. Each pathway involves the biosynthesis of epoxide-containing intermediates produced from hydroperoxy-containing precursors from human leukocytes and within exudates. Also, aspirin triggers an endogenous DHA metabolome that biosynthesizes potent products in inflammatory exudates and human leukocytes, namely aspirin-triggered Neuroprotectin D1/Protectin D1 [AT-(NPD1/PD1)]. Identification and structural elucidation of these new families of bioactive mediators in resolution has opened the possibility of diverse patho-physiologic actions in several processes including infection, inflammatory pain, tissue regeneration, neuroprotection-neurodegenerative disorders, wound healing, and others. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy W Winkler
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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160
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Byelashov OA, Sinclair AJ, Kaur G. Dietary sources, current intakes, and nutritional role of omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 27:79-82. [PMID: 26097290 PMCID: PMC4467567 DOI: 10.1002/lite.201500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fish oils and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are well recognized for their critical role in human diets. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22 : 5n-3) has always been a part of healthy nutrition, since infants obtain almost as much DPA as DHA from human milk. Fish oil supplements and ingredients, oily fish, and grass-fed beef can serve as the primary DPA sources for the general population. Although the DPA levels in fish oils are substantially lower than those of EPA and DHA, concentrated DPA products are now becoming commercially available, and DPA-based drugs are under development. Epidemiological studies show that similar to eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20 : 5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22 : 6n-3) acids, DPA is linked to various improvements in human health, perhaps owing to its structural similarity to the other two molecules. Studies in mammals, platelets, and cell cultures have demonstrated that DPA reduces platelet aggregation, and improves lipid metabolism, endothelial cell migration, and resolution of chronic inflammation. Further, other in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that DPA can improve neural health. A human supplementation trial with 99.8% pure DPA suggested that it serves as a storage depot for EPA and DHA in the human body. Future randomized controlled human trials with purified DPA will help clarify its effects on human health. They may confirm the available evidence pointing to its nutritional and biological functions, unique or overlapping with those of EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gunveen Kaur
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (CPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Victoria, Australia
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161
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Tungen J, Aursnes M, Vik A, Ramon S, Colas R, Dalli J, Serhan CN, Hansen TV. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities of 22-OH-PD1, a monohydroxylated metabolite of protectin D1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2241-7. [PMID: 25247845 PMCID: PMC4208671 DOI: 10.1021/np500498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Protectin D1 (PD1 (3)), a C22-dihydroxylated polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesized from all-Z-docosahexaenoic acid, belongs to the new family of endogenous mediators referred to as specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. PD1 (3) is a natural product that displays potent anti-inflammatory properties together with pro-resolving actions including inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration and promotion of macrophage phagocytosis and efferocytosis. Given its potent endogenous actions, this compound has entered several clinical development programs. Little has been reported on the metabolism of PD1 (3). The synthesis and biological evaluations of the ω-22 monohydroxylated metabolite of PD1 (3), named herein 22-OH-PD1 (6), are presented. LC-MS/MS data of the free acid 6, obtained from hydrolysis of the synthetic methyl ester 7, matched data for the endogenously produced 22-OH-PD1 (6). Compound 6 exhibited potent pro-resolving actions by inhibiting PMN chemotaxis in vivo and in vitro comparable to its precursor PD1 (3) and decreased pro-inflammatory mediator levels in inflammatory exudates. The results reported herein provide new knowledge of the metabolism of the protectin class of specialized pro-resolving mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn
E. Tungen
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Aursnes
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Vik
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sesquile Ramon
- Center
for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Romain
A. Colas
- Center
for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center
for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center
for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Trond V. Hansen
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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162
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Hsiao HM, Thatcher TH, Levy EP, Fulton RA, Owens KM, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. Resolvin D1 attenuates polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced inflammatory signaling in human airway epithelial cells via TAK1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4980-7. [PMID: 25320283 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium consists of lung sentinel cells, which are the first to contact inhaled inflammatory insults, including air pollutants, smoke, and microorganisms. To avoid damaging exuberant or chronic inflammation, the inflammatory process must be tightly controlled and terminated once the insult is mitigated. Inflammation resolution is now known to be an active process involving a new genus of lipid mediators, called "specialized proresolving lipid mediators," that includes resolvin D1 (RvD1). We and others have reported that RvD1 counteracts proinflammatory signaling and promotes resolution. A knowledge gap is that the specific cellular targets and mechanisms of action for RvD1 remain largely unknown. In this article, we identified the mechanism whereby RvD1 disrupts inflammatory mediator production induced by the viral mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] in primary human lung epithelial cells. RvD1 strongly suppressed the viral mimic poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production and proinflammatory signaling involving MAPKs and NF-κB. Most importantly, we found that RvD1 inhibited the phosphorylation of TAK1 (TGF-β-activated kinase 1), a key upstream regulatory kinase common to both the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, by inhibiting the formation of a poly(I:C)-induced signaling complex composed of TAK1, TAB1 (TAK1 binding protein), and TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6). We confirmed that ALX/FPR2 and GPR32, two RvD1 receptors, were expressed on human small airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, blocking these receptors abrogated the inhibitory action of RvD1. In this article, we present the idea that RvD1 has the potential to be used as an anti-inflammatory and proresolving agent, possibly in the context of exuberant host responses to damaging respirable agents such as viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Elizabeth P Levy
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Robert A Fulton
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Kristina M Owens
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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163
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Kuhn H, Banthiya S, van Leyen K. Mammalian lipoxygenases and their biological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:308-30. [PMID: 25316652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) form a heterogeneous class of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated not only in cell proliferation and differentiation but also in the pathogenesis of various diseases with major public health relevance. As other fatty acid dioxygenases LOXs oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids to their corresponding hydroperoxy derivatives, which are further transformed to bioactive lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related substances). On the other hand, lipoxygenases are key players in the regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, which is an important element in gene expression regulation. Although the first mammalian lipoxygenases were discovered 40 years ago and although the enzymes have been well characterized with respect to their structural and functional properties the biological roles of the different lipoxygenase isoforms are not completely understood. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the physiological roles of different mammalian LOX-isoforms and their patho-physiological function in inflammatory, metabolic, hyperproliferative, neurodegenerative and infectious disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Swathi Banthiya
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Genrel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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164
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Solvent-induced 7R-dioxygenase activity of soybean 15-lipoxygenase-1 in the formation of omega-3 DPA-derived resolvin analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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165
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Kain V, Prabhu SD, Halade GV. Inflammation revisited: inflammation versus resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:444. [PMID: 25248433 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause for the progression of the left ventricle towards congestive heart failure. The optimal healing after MI requires timely induction and resolution of inflammation. Primarily, there have been a number of strategies applied to inhibit the post-MI inflammation but approaches that focus on the resolution of inflammation have sparsely been used in the treatment of heart failure. The early attempts to inhibit post-MI inflammation resulted in adverse outcomes that were realized in heart failure trials. We provide here an overview on the cyclooxygenase (COX)- and lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived lipid mediators that are either impairing or resolving the post-MI inflammation. With the evolution of lipidomics there has been emerging novel bioactive-specialized lipid mediators that promise to resolve chronic inflammation rather than promoting inhibition. The current review is focused on post-MI immune cells kinetics and the unexplored array of lipid mediators that are coordinated by COX and LOX. Thus, an emphasis on COX and LOX poses key questions and potential for the development of novel targets in the heart failure treatment strategy. This updated dynamic approach aims to fuse basic pre-clinical discoveries and translational bioactive lipid-based resolvin discoveries that could be potentially used in the clinic for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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166
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Tungen JE, Aursnes M, Dalli J, Arnardottir H, Serhan CN, Hansen TV. Total synthesis of the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediator MaR1n-3 DPA utilizing an sp(3) -sp(3) Negishi cross-coupling reaction. Chemistry 2014; 20:14575-8. [PMID: 25225129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the lipid mediator MaR1n-3 DPA (5) has been achieved in 12 % overall yield over 11 steps. The stereoselective preparation of 5 was based on a Pd-catalyzed sp(3) -sp(3) Negishi cross-coupling reaction and a stereocontrolled Evans-Nagao acetate aldol reaction. LC-MS/MS results with synthetic material matched the biologically produced 5. This novel lipid mediator displayed potent pro-resolving properties stimulating macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Eivind Tungen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo (Norway)
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167
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton; Southampton United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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168
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Calder PC. Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:469-84. [PMID: 25149823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 927] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a condition which contributes to a range of human diseases. It involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators, and interactions. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to partly inhibit a number of aspects of inflammation including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines, and T-helper 1 lymphocyte reactivity. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of marine n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked, although the full extent of this is not yet elucidated. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from marine n-3 fatty acids in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in RA demonstrate benefit, but clinical trials of fish oil in IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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169
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Morin C, Hiram R, Rousseau E, Blier PU, Fortin S. Docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H574-86. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00814.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been shown to reduce inflammation and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells under pathophysiological conditions. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of the newly synthesized docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) on key signaling pathways in pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis has yet to be assessed. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of MAG-DPA on pulmonary inflammation and remodeling occurring in a rat model of PH, induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (MCT: 60 mg/kg). Our results demonstrate that MAG-DPA treatment for 3 wk following MCT injection resulted in a significant improvement of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and a reduction in Fulton's Index (FI). Morphometric analyses revealed that the wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles was significantly lower in MCT + MAG-DPA-treated rats compared with controls. This result was further correlated with a decrease in Ki-67 immunostaining. Following MAG-DPA treatments, lipid analysis showed a consistent increase in DPA together with lower levels of arachidonic acid (AA), as measured in blood and tissue samples. Furthermore, in MCT-treated rats, oral administration of MAG-DPA decreased NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation, leading to a reduction in MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF expression levels in lung tissue homogenates. Altogether, these data provide new evidence regarding the mode of action of MAG-DPA in the prevention of pulmonary hypertension induced by MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Eric Rousseau
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Pierre U. Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
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170
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Laiakis EC, Strassburg K, Bogumil R, Lai S, Vreeken RJ, Hankemeier T, Langridge J, Plumb RS, Fornace AJ, Astarita G. Metabolic phenotyping reveals a lipid mediator response to ionizing radiation. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4143-54. [PMID: 25126707 PMCID: PMC4156265 DOI: 10.1021/pr5005295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation has dramatically increased in modern society, raising serious health concerns. The molecular response to ionizing radiation, however, is still not completely understood. Here, we screened mouse serum for metabolic alterations following an acute exposure to γ radiation using a multiplatform mass-spectrometry-based strategy. A global, molecular profiling revealed that mouse serum undergoes a series of significant molecular alterations following radiation exposure. We identified and quantified bioactive metabolites belonging to key biochemical pathways and low-abundance, oxygenated, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the two groups of animals. Exposure to γ radiation induced a significant increase in the serum levels of ether phosphatidylcholines (PCs) while decreasing the levels of diacyl PCs carrying PUFAs. In exposed mice, levels of pro-inflammatory, oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid increased, whereas levels of anti-inflammatory metabolites of omega-3 PUFAs decreased. Our results indicate a specific serum lipidomic biosignature that could be utilized as an indicator of radiation exposure and as novel target for therapeutic intervention. Monitoring such a molecular response to radiation exposure might have implications not only for radiation pathology but also for countermeasures and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University , Washington DC 20057, United States
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171
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Ilias I, Vassiliadi DA, Theodorakopoulou M, Boutati E, Maratou E, Mitrou P, Nikitas N, Apollonatou S, Dimitriadis G, Armaganidis A, Dimopoulou I. Adipose tissue lipolysis and circulating lipids in acute and subacute critical illness: effects of shock and treatment. J Crit Care 2014; 29:1130.e5-9. [PMID: 25012960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to assess lipid metabolism at the tissue level in critically ill subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 182 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome/severe sepsis or shock during the acute (day 1) and subacute phase of critical illness (day 6). All subjects had a tissue microdialysis (MD) catheter placed in femoral adipose tissue upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglyceride, and MD glycerol (GLYC) were measured on days 1 and 6 in the ICU. RESULTS On admission, 56% of the patients had increased levels (>200 μmol/L) of MD GLYC. Patients with shock displayed more pronounced subcutaneous tissue lipolysis and more profound derangements of circulating lipids vs patients without shock (but no appreciable differences in FFA levels). Furthermore, in patients with shock during the acute period, there were positive, albeit weak, correlations of subcutaneous tissue lipolysis (MD GLYC), plasma FFAs (r=0.260; P=.01), and norepinephrine's dose (r=0.230; P=.01), whereas during the subacute phase, MD GLY levels were higher in patients receiving glucocorticoids (344.7±276.0 μmol/L vs 252.2±158.4 μmol/L; P=.03). CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous tissue lipolysis is only one of the many determinants of plasma FFAs. Routinely applied therapeutic modalities in the ICU interfere with adipose tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ilias
- Endocrine Department, E. Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - D A Vassiliadi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M Theodorakopoulou
- Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - E Boutati
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - E Maratou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - P Mitrou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - N Nikitas
- Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Apollonatou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - G Dimitriadis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Armaganidis
- Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - I Dimopoulou
- Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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172
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Taha AY, Cheon Y, Faurot KF, Macintosh B, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Mann JD, Hibbeln JR, Ringel A, Ramsden CE. Dietary omega-6 fatty acid lowering increases bioavailability of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human plasma lipid pools. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:151-7. [PMID: 24675168 PMCID: PMC4035030 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) lowering in rats reduces n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) plasma concentrations and increases n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) concentrations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent to which 12 weeks of dietary n-6 PUFA lowering, with or without increased dietary n-3 PUFAs, alters unesterified and esterified plasma n-6 and n-3 PUFA concentrations in subjects with chronic headache. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Subjects with chronic headache were randomized for 12 weeks to (1) average n-3, low n-6 (L6) diet; or (2) high n-3, low n-6 LA (H3-L6) diet. Esterified and unesterified plasma fatty acids were quantified at baseline (0 weeks) and after 12 weeks on a diet. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the L6 diet reduced esterified plasma LA and increased esterified n-3 PUFA concentrations (nmol/ml), but did not significantly change plasma arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) concentration. In addition, unesterified EPA concentration was increased significantly among unesterified fatty acids. The H3-L6 diet decreased esterified LA and AA concentrations, and produced more marked increases in esterified and unesterified n-3 PUFA concentrations. CONCLUSION Dietary n-6 PUFA lowering for 12 weeks significantly reduces LA and increases n-3 PUFA concentrations in plasma, without altering plasma AA concentration. A concurrent increase in dietary n-3 PUFAs for 12 weeks further increases n-3 PUFA plasma concentrations and reduces AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Y Taha
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yewon Cheon
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keturah F Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Beth Macintosh
- Nutrition Research and Metabolism Core, North Carolina Translational Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Sharon F Majchrzak-Hong
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Douglas Mann
- Department of Neurology, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit Ringel
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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173
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Aursnes M, Tungen JE, Vik A, Colas R, Cheng CYC, Dalli J, Serhan CN, Hansen TV. Total synthesis of the lipid mediator PD1n-3 DPA: configurational assignments and anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:910-6. [PMID: 24576195 PMCID: PMC4000582 DOI: 10.1021/np4009865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The polyunsaturated lipid mediator PD1n-3 DPA (5) was recently isolated from self-resolving inflammatory exudates of 5 and human macrophages. Herein, the first total synthesis of PD1n-3 DPA (5) is reported in 10 steps and 9% overall yield. These efforts, together with NMR data of its methyl ester 6, confirmed the structure of 5 to be (7Z,10R,11E,13E,15Z,17S,19Z)-10,17-dihydroxydocosa-7,11,13,15,19-pentaenoic acid. The proposed biosynthetic pathway, with the involvement of an epoxide intermediate, was supported by results from trapping experiments. In addition, LC-MS/MS data of the free acid 5, obtained from hydrolysis of the synthetic methyl ester 6, matched data for the endogenously produced biological material. The natural product PD1n-3 DPA (5) demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory properties together with pro-resolving actions stimulating human macrophage phagocytosis and efferocytosis. These results contribute new knowledge on the n-3 DPA structure-function of the growing numbers of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Aursnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , PO Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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174
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Astarita G, McKenzie JH, Wang B, Strassburg K, Doneanu A, Johnson J, Baker A, Hankemeier T, Murphy J, Vreeken RJ, Langridge J, Kang JX. A protective lipidomic biosignature associated with a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio in fat-1 transgenic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96221. [PMID: 24760204 PMCID: PMC3997567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio has been linked to health benefits and the prevention of many chronic diseases. Current dietary intervention studies with different sources of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) lack appropriate control diets and carry many other confounding factors derived from genetic and environmental variability. In our study, we used the fat-1 transgenic mouse model as a proxy for long-term omega-3 supplementation to determine, in a well-controlled manner, the molecular phenotype associated with a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio. The fat-1 mouse can convert omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs, which protect against a wide variety of diseases including chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Both wild-type (WT) and fat-1 mice were subjected to an identical diet containing 10% corn oil, which has a high omega-6 content similar to that of the Western diet, for a six-month duration. We used a multi-platform lipidomic approach to compare the plasma lipidome between fat-1 and WT mice. In fat-1 mice, an unbiased profiling showed a significant increase in the levels of unesterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), EPA-containing cholesteryl ester, and omega-3 lysophosphospholipids. The increase in omega-3 lipids is accompanied by a significant reduction in omega-6 unesterified docosapentaenoic acid (omega-6 DPA) and DPA-containing cholesteryl ester as well as omega-6 phospholipids and triacylglycerides. Targeted lipidomics profiling highlighted a remarkable increase in EPA-derived diols and epoxides formed via the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway in the plasma of fat-1 mice compared with WT mice. Integration of the results of untargeted and targeted analyses has identified a lipidomic biosignature that may underlie the healthful phenotype associated with a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio, and can potentially be used as a circulating biomarker for monitoring the health status and the efficacy of omega-3 intervention in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Astarita
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GA); (JXK)
| | - Jennifer H. McKenzie
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bin Wang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katrin Strassburg
- Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Doneanu
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jay Johnson
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew Baker
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James Murphy
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rob J. Vreeken
- Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James Langridge
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GA); (JXK)
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175
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Recchiuti A, Codagnone M, Pierdomenico AM, Rossi C, Mari VC, Cianci E, Simiele F, Gatta V, Romano M. Immunoresolving actions of oral resolvin D1 include selective regulation of the transcription machinery in resolution-phase mouse macrophages. FASEB J 2014; 28:3090-102. [PMID: 24692596 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-248393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Resolvin D1 (RvD1; 7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) is an endogenous immunoresolvent that regulates acute inflammation and orchestrates resolution. Here, we investigated anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions of RvD1 after oral administration. RvD1 rapidly accumulated in the mouse plasma after oral delivery and dose-dependently (1-100 ng/mouse) reduced leukocyte infiltration in zymosan A-induced acute peritonitis. Using mathematical resolution indices, RvD1 reduced Ψmax by ∼50%, shortened the resolution interval by 3 h, and significantly reduced total leukocyte (by ∼30-45%) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (by ∼40-55%) accumulation when administered at the peak of peritonitis. RvD1 also improved course and outcome of severe peritonitis, shifting it toward resolution. In peritoneal macrophages (MΦs) from the resolution phase of peritonitis, RvD1 down-regulated (by 2- to 3-fold) select genes that control gene transcription, namely coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), and downstream genes, such as colony-stimulating factor 3, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte inflammatory protein 2, which promote neutrophil infiltration and reduce MΦ phagocytosis. Congruently, CARM1 knockdown in human and murine MΦs induced a proresolving phenotype, recapitulating in vivo actions of RvD1. These results establish novel properties of RvD1 and demonstrate that RvD1 modifies the transcription control machinery in MΦs, as part of its mechanisms of action during the resolution of acute inflammation.-Recchiuti, A., Codagnone, M., Pierdomenico, A. M., Rossi, C., Mari, V. C., Cianci, E., Simiele, F., Gatta, V., Romano, M. Immunoresolving actions of oral resolvin D1 include selective regulation of the transcription machinery in resolution-phase mouse macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Recchiuti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Science, Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marilina Codagnone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Science, Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, and Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cosmo Rossi
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Cianci
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, and Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Felice Simiele
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Science, Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological, Humanities and Territorial Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; and Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Science, Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Balas L, Guichardant M, Durand T, Lagarde M. Confusion between protectin D1 (PD1) and its isomer protectin DX (PDX). An overview on the dihydroxy-docosatrienes described to date. Biochimie 2014; 99:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dayaker G, Durand T, Balas L. A Versatile and Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Dihydroxylated Docosatrienes Containing a ConjugatedE,E,Z-Triene. Chemistry 2014; 20:2879-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Masoodi M, Volmer DA. Comprehensive quantitative determination of PUFA-related bioactive lipids for functional lipidomics using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1198:221-232. [PMID: 25270932 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1258-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of biologically active lipids such as eicosanoids, docosanoids, and other lipid mediators are known for their physiological and pathophysiological effects in almost every organ system. It is essential that the full spectrum of these compounds is comprehensively captured, to fully characterize their biological activity. The analytical determination of these lipid mediators is challenging, however, mainly because of their biological diversity and their physicochemical similarity. LC-MS/MS, in particular in combination with high-resolution instruments, is currently the most powerful tool for analysis of lipid mediators. This chapter describes a comprehensive analytical protocol that allows for simultaneous profiling of over 100 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived metabolites using a single analytical method from a wide range of biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Masoodi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EpFL Innovation Park, Building H, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland,
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