151
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Photoactuated Properties of Acetylene-Congeners Non-Metallic Dyes and Molecular Design for Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11102027. [PMID: 30340392 PMCID: PMC6213635 DOI: 10.3390/ma11102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper theoretically simulated (using DFT and TD-DFT in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent) the photodynamic properties of three non-metallic dye molecules with D-π-A1-π-A2 structure. The total photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) could be evaluated by the following parameters: the geometric structures, the electronic structures, and the absorption spectra, the analyses of charge difference density (CDD) and natural bond orbitals (NBO), the analyses of ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) from electronic contribution capacity, the reorganization energies (λh, λe, and λtotal), and the chemical reaction parameter (h, ω, ω−, and ω+) for intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processing, the excited lifetime (τ) and the vertical dipole moment (μnormol). The ∆Ginject, the ∆Gdyeregen, the light harvesting efficiencies (LHE) and the excited lifetime (τ) were used to explain experimental JSC. The experimental trend of VOC was explained by the calculation of ∆ECB and μnormol. Moreover, the 15 dyes were designed by adding the electron-donor groups (–OH, –NH2, and –OCH3) and the electron-acceptor groups (–CF3, –F, and –CN) to the LS-387 molecular skeleton, which improved electronic contribution, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and optoelectronic performance.
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152
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A Charge‐Separated State that Lives for Almost a Second at a Conductive Metal Oxide Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15390-15394. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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153
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Cho I, Koshika M, Wagner P, Koumura N, Innis PC, Mori S, Mozer AJ. Exploiting Intermolecular Interactions between Alkyl-Functionalized Redox-Active Molecule Pairs to Enhance Interfacial Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13935-13944. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Cho
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Mizuho Koshika
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology and Centre for Energy and Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Pawel Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Nagatoshi Koumura
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 203-8565, Japan
| | - Peter C. Innis
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Shogo Mori
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology and Centre for Energy and Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Attila J. Mozer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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154
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Barrera M, Ardo S, Crivelli I, Loeb B, Meyer G. The role of lithium cations on the photochemistry of ruthenium complexes in dye-sensitized solar cells: A TDDFT study with the BCL model. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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155
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Zhao L. Effect of the second chromophore energy gap on photo-induced electron injection in di-chromophoric porphyrin-sensitized solar cells. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181218. [PMID: 30839682 PMCID: PMC6170585 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of the second chromophore energy gap on charge generation in porphyrin-based di-chromophoric dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Three di-chromophoric porphyrin dyes (PorY, PorO and PorR) containing three organic chromophores with decreasing frontier orbital energy offsets, including a carbazole-triphenylamine chromophore (yellow, Y), a carbazole fused-thiophene chromophore (orange, O) or a carbazole-thiophene benzothiadiazole thiophene chromophore (red, R), were investigated using optical and electrochemical methods, steady-state photoluminescence and photovoltaic device characterization. Energy transfer from the organic chromophore to the porphyrin was suggested in PorY and PorO as the main charge generation mechanism in DSSCs using these di-chromophoric dyes. On the other hand, electron transfer from the photo-excited porphyrin to the organic chromophore as a competing pathway leading to the loss of photocurrent is suggested for PorR-sensitized solar cells. The latter pathway leading to a loss of photocurrent is due to the lower lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the additional organic chromophore (R) and suggests the limitation of the current di-chromophoric approach to increase the overall efficiency of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Author for correspondence: Long Zhao e-mail:
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156
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Han Y, Dillon RJ, Flynn CJ, Rountree ES, Alibabaei L, Cahoon JF, Papanikolas JM, Dempsey JL. Interfacial electron transfer yields in dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes correlated to excited-state dipole orientation of ruthenium chromophores. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interface dynamics of nanocrystalline NiO thin films sensitized with two ruthenium polypyridyl chromophores have been investigated to examine the influence that excited-state dipole orientation and the position of the bipyridine radical formed in the charge-separated state have on interfacial electron transfer yields. In ultrafast transient absorption experiments, the charge separated state is observed on the nanosecond timescale for the trifluoromethyl-substituted chromophore, [Ru(flpy)2(dcb)]2+ (flpy = 4,4′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine, dcb = 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine), but not for [Ru(bpy)2(dcb)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine). Differences are attributed to the positioning of the bipyridine radical formed in the charge separated state; for [Ru(flpy)2(dcb)]2+, the electron is localized on the flpy ligand distal to the surface, whereas for [Ru(bpy)2(dcb)]2+, the electron is localized on the dcb ligand, proximal to the NiO surface. Enhanced photovoltaic performance is observed for dye-sensitized solar cell devices prepared with [Ru(flpy)2(dcb)]2+, demonstrating that enhanced charge separation can be correlated with device efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejee Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - Robert J. Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - Cory J. Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - Eric S. Rountree
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - James F. Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - Jillian L. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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157
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Quinoxaline-Based Dual Donor, Dual Acceptor Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel metal-free quinoxaline-based molecular framework with a dual donor and dual acceptor (DD-π-AA) motif has been introduced. Four sensitizers (AP6, AP8, AP9, and AP12) have been synthesized and fully characterized via UV–Vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), and in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) devices. Structural modifications to both the donor and acceptor/anchor regions were evaluated via structure–property relationships without altering the quinoxaline π-bridge. Through careful dye design, a broadly absorbing near-infrared (NIR) sensitizer extending electricity production to 800 nm is realized in DSC devices. Ground- and excited-state oxidation potentials were measured to show energetically favorable charge transfer events. Importantly, the dye structure was found to have a strong influence on dye energetics in different environments with structural elements allowing for either similar or dramatically different solution versus film measurements. The DSC device electrolyte was also found to have a significant influence on dye energetics as well. Electron transfer events were probed for each dye with DSC device measurements and with TCSPC studies. The results are correlated to the dye structures.
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158
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Zong H, Wang X, Quan J, Tian C, Sun M. Photoinduced charge transfer by one and two-photon absorptions: physical mechanisms and applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19720-19743. [PMID: 30033469 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review photoinduced charge transfer in organic solar cells without and with an external electric field and then we introduce the visualization methods of the transition density, charge difference density and transition density matrix for the analysis of the photoinduced charge transfer in a neutral system and a charged system excited by one-photon and two-photon absorption. This review will not only promote a deeper understanding of the available theories and methods of PICT, but also lead to further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zong
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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159
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Barakoti KK, Parajuli S, Chhetri P, Rana GR, Kazemi R, Malkiewich R, Alpuche-Aviles MA. Stochastic electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry of colloidal dye-sensitized anatase nanoparticles at a Pt ultramicroelectrode. Faraday Discuss 2018; 193:313-325. [PMID: 27711900 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the stochastic interactions between dye sensitized anatase nanoparticles, suspended in a colloid, and a Pt ultramicroelectrode (UME) that result in step-wise behavior in the current vs. time response. The stochastic currents are observed in the dark and under illumination. In the dark, the currents are anodic, consistent with the oxidation of the dye N719 at the Pt surface. The electrochemical behavior of the dye was investigated in MeOH and MeCN with a quasireversible cyclic voltammogram (CV) observed at 1 V s-1. The anodic currents observed in the dark due to nanoparticles (NPs) at the Pt surface are consistent with the CVs in MeOH and MeCN. Under illumination cathodic steps are observed and assigned to the reduction of the oxidized form of the dye generated after electrons are injected into the TiO2 NPs. The colloidal behavior is a strong function of the history of the colloid with illumination time increasing the size of the agglomerates and with larger agglomerates being less photoelectrochemically active. Agglomerates of ca. 100 nm in diameter are proposed to be photoactive entities with a higher probability of detection that contribute to the staircase photocurrent response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Parajuli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 89557, USA.
| | - Pushpa Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 89557, USA.
| | - Ganesh R Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 89557, USA.
| | - Rezvan Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 89557, USA.
| | - Ryan Malkiewich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 89557, USA.
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160
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Fredin LA, Allison TC. Semiempirical configuration interaction calculations for ru-centered dyes. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1259-1266. [PMID: 29450901 PMCID: PMC11348836 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Computational investigation of the photochemical properties of transition-metal-centered dyes typically involves optimization of the molecular structure followed by calculation of the UV/visible spectrum. At present, these steps are usually carried out using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Recently, we demonstrated that semiempirical methods with appropriate parameterization could yield geometries that were in very good agreement with DFT calculations, allowing large sets of molecules to be screened quickly and efficiently. In this article, we modify a configuration interaction (CI) method based on a semiempirical PM6 Hamiltonian to determine the UV/visible absorption spectra of Ru-centered complexes. Our modification to the CI method is based on a scaling of the two-center, two-electron Coulomb integrals. This modified, PM6-based method shows a significantly better match to the experimental absorption spectra versus the default configuration interaction method (in MOPAC) on a training set of 13 molecules. In particular, the modified PM6 method blue-shifts the location of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) peaks, in better agreement with experimental and DFT-based computational results, correcting a significant deficiency of the unmodified method. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Fredin
- Chemical Informatics Research Group, Chemical Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8320
| | - Thomas C Allison
- Chemical Informatics Research Group, Chemical Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8320
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161
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Raber MM, Brady MD, Troian-Gautier L, Dickenson JC, Marquard SL, Hyde JT, Lopez SJ, Meyer GJ, Meyer TJ, Harrison DP. Fundamental Factors Impacting the Stability of Phosphonate-Derivatized Ruthenium Polypyridyl Sensitizers Adsorbed on Metal Oxide Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22821-22833. [PMID: 29883103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of 18 ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized and evaluated under electrochemically oxidative conditions, which generates the Ru(III) oxidation state and mimics the harsh conditions experienced during the kinetically limited regime that can occur in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and dye-sensitized photo-electrosynthesis cells, to further develop fundamental insights into the factors governing molecular sensitizer surface stability in aqueous 0.1 M HClO4. Both desorption and oxidatively induced ligand substitution were observed on planar fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes, with a dependence on the E1/2 Ru(III/II) redox potential dictating the comparative ratios of the processes. Complexes such as RuP4OMe ( E1/2 = 0.91 vs Ag/AgCl) displayed virtually only desorption, while complexes such as RuPbpz ( E1/2 > 1.62 V vs Ag/AgCl) displayed only chemical decomposition. Comparing isomers of 4,4'- and 5,5'-disubstituted-2,2'-bipyridine ancillary ligands, a dramatic increase in the rate of desorption of the Ru(III) complexes was observed for the 5,5'-ligands. Nanoscopic indium-doped tin oxide thin films (nanoITO) were also sensitized and analyzed with cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, allowing for further distinction of desorption versus ligand-substitution processes. Desorption loss to bulk solution associated with the planar surface of FTO is essentially non-existent on nanoITO, where both desorption and ligand substitution are shut down with RuP4OMe. These results revealed that minimizing time spent in the oxidized form, incorporating electron-donating groups, maximizing hydrophobicity, and minimizing molecular bulk near the adsorbed ligand are critical to optimizing the performance of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes in dye-sensitized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie M Raber
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jacob T Hyde
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Santiago J Lopez
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Daniel P Harrison
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
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162
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Li Y, Sun C, Song P, Ma F, Kungwan N, Sun M. Physical Insight on Mechanism of Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Multipolar Photoactive Molecules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10089. [PMID: 29973632 PMCID: PMC6031644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series of novel dyes were designed based on the multipolar structures of the red dye D35 and blue dye DB, by introducing the furan (F), benzene ring (B) and benzo[c]thiophene (BT) groups into the conjugated bridge of D35 in proper order and adjusting the position of diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP) unit and the incorporation of fluorine in the conjugated bridge of DB, respectively. We performed the quantum chemistry calculation to investigate the ground state and excited properties in a direct correlation with the spectra properties and abilities of losing or accepting electron for the original and designed molecules. Furthermore, the absorption spectra characteristics in consideration of the aggregation of dyes on the TiO2 layer and intermolecular charge transfer rate of the dimers were calculated. The obtained results indicate that the larger intermolecular charge transfer rate leads to the poor photoelectrical properties of the dyes, and the designed dyes D35-3 and DB-2 would exhibit the best photoelectrical properties among the investigated dyes due to their lower energy gaps, widened absorption spectra and prominent charge transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.,School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fengcai Ma
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Nawee Kungwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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163
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Maffeis V, Brisse R, Labet V, Jousselme B, Gustavsson T. Femtosecond Fluorescence Upconversion Study of a Naphthalimide-Bithiophene-Triphenylamine Push-Pull Dye in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5533-5544. [PMID: 29856624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a high interest in the development of new push-pull dyes for the use in dye sensitized solar cells. The pronounced charge transfer character of the directly photoexcited state is in principle favorable for a charge injection. Here, we report a time-resolved fluorescence study of a triphenylamine-bithiophene-naphthalimide dye in four solvents of varying polarity using fluorescence upconversion. The recording of femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectra corrected for the group velocity dispersion allows for a detailed analysis discriminating between spectral shifts and total intensity decays. After photoexcitation, the directly populated state (S1/FC) evolves toward a relaxed charge transfer state (S1/CT). This S1/CT state is characterized by a lower radiative transition moment and a higher nonradiative quenching. The fast dynamic shift of the fluorescence band is well described by solvation dynamics in polar solvents, but less so in nonpolar solvents, hinting that the excited-state relaxation process occurs on a free energy surface whose topology is strongly governed by the solvent polarity. This study underlines the influence of the environment on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process, and the necessity to analyze time-resolved data in detail when solvation and ICT occur simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Maffeis
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France.,Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN), NIMBE, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Romain Brisse
- Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN), NIMBE, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Vanessa Labet
- Sorbonne Université , CNRS, De la Molécule aux Nano-objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies , MONARIS, F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN), NIMBE, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Gustavsson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
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164
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Zhao C, Jin L, Ge H, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Wang W. Improvement of photovoltaic performances by optimizing π-conjugated bridge for the C217-based dyes: A theoretical perspective. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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165
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166
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Tedla A, Tai Y. Influence of binary solvent system on the stability and efficiency of liquid dye sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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167
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Ashley DC, Jakubikova E. Ray-Dutt and Bailar Twists in Fe(II)-Tris(2,2′-bipyridine): Spin States, Sterics, and Fe–N Bond Strengths. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5585-5596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Ashley
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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168
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Esarey SL, Bartlett BM. pH-Dependence of Binding Constants and Desorption Rates of Phosphonate- and Hydroxamate-Anchored [Ru(bpy) 3] 2+ on TiO 2 and WO 3. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4535-4547. [PMID: 29601204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The binding constants and rate constants for desorption of the modified molecular dye [Ru(bpy)3]2+ anchored by either phosphonate or hydroxamate on the bipyridine ligand to anatase TiO2 and WO3 have been measured. In aqueous media at pH 1-10, repulsive electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged anchor and the negatively charged surface govern phosphonate desorption under neutral and basic conditions for TiO2 anatase due to the high acidity of phosphonic acid (p Ka,4 = 5.1). In contrast, the lower acidity of hydroxamate (p Ka,1 = 6.5, p Ka,2 = 9.1) leads to little change in adsorption/desorption properties as a function of pH from 1 to 7. The binding constant for hydroxamate is 103 in water, independent of pH in this range. These results are true for WO3 as well, but are not reported at pH > 4 due to its Arrhenius acidity. Kinetics for desorption as a function of pH are reported, with a proposed mechanism for phosphonate desorption at high pH being the electrostatic repulsion of negative charges between the surface and the anionic anchor. Further, the hydroxamic acid anchor itself is likely the site of quasi-reversible redox activity in [Ru(bpy)2(2,2'-bpy-4,4'-(C(O)N(OH))2)]2+, which does not lead to any measurable deterioration of the complex within 2 h of dark cyclic voltammogram scans in aqueous media. These results posit phosphonate as the preferred anchoring group under acidic conditions and hydroxamate for neutral/basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Esarey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Bart M Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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169
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Li G, Brady MD, Meyer GJ. Visible Light Driven Bromide Oxidation and Ligand Substitution Photochemistry of a Ru Diimine Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5447-5456. [PMID: 29595247 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The complex [Ru(deeb)(bpz)2]2+ (RuBPZ2+, deeb = 4,4'-diethylester-2,2'-bipyridine, bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazine) forms a single ion pair with bromide, [RuBPZ2+, Br-]+, with Keq = 8400 ± 200 M-1 in acetone. The RuBPZ2+ displayed photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature with a lifetime of 1.75 μs. The addition of bromide to a RuBPZ2+ acetone solution led to significant PL quenching and Stern-Volmer plots showed upward curvature. Time-resolved PL measurements identified two excited state quenching pathways, static and dynamic, which were operative toward [RuBPZ2+, Br-]+ and free RuBPZ2+, respectively. The single ion-pair [RuBPZ2+, Br-]+* had a lifetime of 45 ± 5 ns, consistent with an electron transfer rate constant, ket = (2.2 ± 0.3) × 107 s-1. In contrast, RuBPZ2+* was dynamically quenched by bromide with a quenching rate constant, kq = (8.1 ± 0.1) × 1010 M-1 s-1. Nanosecond transient absorption revealed that both the static and dynamic pathways yielded RuBPZ+ and Br2•- products that underwent recombination to regenerate the ground state with a second-order rate constant, kcr = (2.3 ± 0.5) × 1010 M-1 s-1. Kinetic analysis revealed that RuBPZ+ was a primary photoproduct, while Br2•- was secondary product formed by the reaction of a Br• with Br-, k = (1.1 ± 0.2) × 1010 M-1 s-1. Marcus theory afforded an estimate of the formal reduction potential for E0(Br•/-) in acetone, 1.42 V vs NHE. A 1H NMR analysis indicated that the ion-paired bromide was preferentially situated close to the RuII center. Prolonged steady state photolysis of RuBPZ2+ and bromide yielded two ligand-substituted photoproducts, cis- and trans-Ru(deeb)(bpz)Br2. A photochemical intermediate, proposed to be [Ru(deeb)(bpz)(κ1-bpz)(Br)]+, was found to absorb a second photon to yield cis- and trans-Ru(deeb)(bpz)Br2 photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
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170
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Gao X, Fei J, Dai Y, Fu F. Hydrothermal synthesis of series Cu-doped Bi 2 WO 6 and its application in photo-degradative removal of phenol in wastewater with enhanced efficiency. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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171
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Penfold TJ, Gindensperger E, Daniel C, Marian CM. Spin-Vibronic Mechanism for Intersystem Crossing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6975-7025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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172
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Grądzka I, Gierszewski M, Karolczak J, Ziółek M. Comparison of charge transfer dynamics in polypyridyl ruthenium sensitizers for solar cells and water splitting systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7710-7720. [PMID: 29498393 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Standard ruthenium components of dye-sensitized solar cells (sensitizer N719) and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (sensitizer RuP and water oxidation catalyst RuOEC) are investigated in the same solar cell configuration to compare their photodynamics and charge separation efficiency. The samples are studied on time scales from femtoseconds to seconds by means of transient absorption, time-resolved emission and electrochemical impedance measurements. RuP shows significantly slower electron injection into a mesoporous titania electrode and enhanced fast (sub-ns) electron recombination with respect to those of N719. Moreover, RuOEC is found to be responsible for partial light absorption and electron injection with low efficiency. The obtained results reveal new insights into the reasons for the lower charge separation efficiency in water splitting systems with respect to that in solar cells. The important role of the initial processes occurring at the dye-titania interface within the first nanoseconds in this efficiency is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Grądzka
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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173
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Single-Nanoparticle Photoelectrochemistry at a Nanoparticulate TiO2
-Filmed Ultramicroelectrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3758-3762. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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174
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Peng YY, Ma H, Ma W, Long YT, Tian H. Single-Nanoparticle Photoelectrochemistry at a Nanoparticulate TiO2
-Filmed Ultramicroelectrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yi Peng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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175
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Motley TC, Troian-Gautier L, Brennaman MK, Meyer GJ. Excited-State Decay Pathways of Tris(bidentate) Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Compounds. Inorg Chem 2018; 56:13579-13592. [PMID: 29068224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical characterization are reported for 11 tris(bidentate) cyclometalated ruthenium(II) compounds, [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+. The electrochemical and photophysical properties were varied by the addition of substituents on the 2,2'-bipyridine, N^N, and 2-phenylpyridine, C^N, ligands with different electron-donating and -withdrawing groups. The systematic tuning of these properties offered a tremendous opportunity to investigate the origin of the rapid excited-state decay for these cyclometalated compounds and to probe the accessibility of the dissociative, ligand-field (LF) states from the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state. The photoluminescence quantum yield for [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+ increased from 0.0001 to 0.002 as more electron-withdrawing substituents were added to C^N. An analogous substituent dependence was observed for the excited-state lifetimes, τobs, which ranged from 3 to 40 ns in neat acetonitrile, significantly shorter than those for their [Ru(N^N)3]2+ analogues. The excited-state decay for [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+ was accelerated because of an increased vibronic overlap between the ground- and excited-state wavefunctions rather than an increased electronic coupling as revealed by a comparison of the Franck-Condon factors. The radiative (kr) and non-radiative (knr) rate constants of excited-state decay were determined to be on the order of 104 and 107-108 s-1, respectively. For sets of [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+ compounds functionalized with the same N^N ligand, knr scaled with excited-state energy in accordance with the energy gap law. Furthermore, an Arrhenius analysis of τobs for all of the compounds between 273 and 343 K was consistent with activated crossing into a single, fourth 3MLCT state under the conditions studied with preexponential factors on the order of 108-109 s-1 and activation energies between 300 and 1000 cm-1. This result provides compelling evidence that LF states are not significantly populated near room temperature unlike many ruthenium(II) polypyridyl compounds. On the basis of the underlying photophysics presented here for [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+, molecules of this type represent a robust class of compounds with built-in design features that should greatly enhance the molecular photostability necessary for photochemical and photoelectrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Motley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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176
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Troian-Gautier L, DiMarco BN, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Meyer GJ. Evidence that ΔS‡ Controls Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics from Anatase TiO2 to Molecular Acceptors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3019-3029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brian N. DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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177
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Li G, Mark MF, Lv H, McCamant DW, Eisenberg R. Rhodamine-Platinum Diimine Dithiolate Complex Dyads as Efficient and Robust Photosensitizers for Light-Driven Aqueous Proton Reduction to Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2575-2586. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael F. Mark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Hongjin Lv
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - David W. McCamant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Richard Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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178
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Mukherjee S, Liu C, Jakubikova E. Comparison of Interfacial Electron Transfer Efficiency in [Fe(ctpy)2]2+–TiO2 and [Fe(cCNC)2]2+–TiO2 Assemblies: Importance of Conformational Sampling. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1821-1830. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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179
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Aghazada S, Zimmermann I, Ren Y, Wang P, Nazeeruddin MK. Bis-Tridentate-Cyclometalated Ruthenium Complexes with Extended Anchoring Ligand and Their Performance in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadig Aghazada
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Iwan Zimmermann
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Yameng Ren
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-performance Materials; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University, 310028, Hangzhou, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 130022 Changchun China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-performance Materials; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University, 310028, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
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180
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Wang X, Feng W, Wang W, Wang W, Zhao L, Li Y. Sodium carboxymethyl starch-based highly conductive gel electrolyte for quasi-solid-state quantum dot-sensitized solar cells. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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181
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Pastore M, Duchanois T, Liu L, Monari A, Assfeld X, Haacke S, Gros PC. Interfacial charge separation and photovoltaic efficiency in Fe(ii)-carbene sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:28069-28081. [PMID: 27711638 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first combined theoretical and photovoltaic characterization of both homoleptic and heteroleptic Fe(ii)-carbene sensitized photoanodes in working dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been performed. Three new heteroleptic Fe(ii)-NHC dye sensitizers have been synthesized, characterized and tested. Despite an improved interfacial charge separation in comparison to the homoleptic compounds, the heteroleptic complexes did not show boosted photovoltaic performances. The ab initio quantitative analysis of the interfacial electron and hole transfers and the measured photovoltaic data clearly evidenced fast recombination reactions for heteroleptics, even associated with un unfavorable directional electron flow, and hence slower injection rates, in the case of homoleptics. Notably, quantum mechanics calculations revealed that deprotonation of the not anchored carboxylic function in the homoleptic complex can effectively accelerate the electron injection rate and completely suppress the electron recombination to the oxidized dye. This result suggests that introduction of strong electron-donating substituents on the not-anchored carbene ligand in heteroleptic complexes, in such a way of mimicking the electronic effects of the carboxylate functionality, should yield markedly improved interfacial charge generation properties. The present results, providing for the first time a detailed understanding of the interfacial electron transfers and photovoltaic characterization in Fe(ii)-carbene sensitized solar cells, open the way to a rational molecular engineering of efficient iron-based dyes for photoelectrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Pastore
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, SRSMC, TMS, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Thibaut Duchanois
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, SRSMC, HecRIn, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Li Liu
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, IPCMS & Labex NIE, Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, SRSMC, TMS, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Xavier Assfeld
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, SRSMC, TMS, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, IPCMS & Labex NIE, Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Philippe C Gros
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, SRSMC, HecRIn, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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182
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DiMarco BN, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Meyer GJ. Dye-sensitized electron transfer from TiO 2 to oxidized triphenylamines that follows first-order kinetics. Chem Sci 2018; 9:940-949. [PMID: 29629161 PMCID: PMC5874694 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two sensitizers, [Ru(bpy)2(dcb)]2+ (RuC) and [Ru(bpy)2(dpb)]2+ (RuP), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, dcb is 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine and dpb is 4,4'-diphosphonic acid-2,2'-bipyridine, were anchored to mesoporous TiO2 thin films and utilized to sensitize the reaction of TiO2 electrons with oxidized triphenylamines, TiO2(e-) + TPA+ → TiO2 + TPA, to visible light in CH3CN electrolytes. A family of four symmetrically substituted triphenylamines (TPAs) with formal Eo(TPA+/0) reduction potentials that spanned a 0.5 eV range was investigated. Surprisingly, the reaction followed first-order kinetics for two TPAs that provided the largest thermodynamic driving force. Such first-order reactivity indicates a strong Coulombic interaction between TPA+ and TiO2 that enables the injected electron to tunnel back in one concerted step. The kinetics for the other TPA derivatives were non-exponential and were modelled with the Kohlrausch-William-Watts (KWW) function. A Perrin-like reaction sphere model is proposed to rationalize the kinetic data. The activation energies were the same for all of the TPAs, within experimental error. The average rate constants were found to increase with the thermodynamic driving force, consistent with electron transfer in the Marcus normal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
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183
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Yang P, Zhang Y, Li M, Shen W, He R. Influence of vibronic contribution on light harvesting efficiency of NKX-2587 derivatives with oligothiophene as π-conjugated linker. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:454-462. [PMID: 28843879 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the NKX-2587 molecule we designed ten sensitizers with 1-10 thiophene moieties to investigate how the number of thiophene unit in the spacer influences the absorption spectra of sensitizer in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The parameters of short-circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), the light harvesting efficiency (LHE), injection driving force (∆Ginject), and transferred electron number (nc), were calculated and discussed in detail. Results indicated that the increasing of thiophene units makes for the enhancement of oscillator strengths (f), although the red shift of vertical electronic absorption spectra is small. For the designed sensitizers with 1-5 thiophene units, their ΔGinject and nc raise gradually with the increasing of thiophene number. However, for those sensitizers with 6-10 thiophene units, the ΔGinject and nc decrease continuously with the increasing of thiophene units. In order to study how the oligothiophene as π-conjugated linker affects light harvesting efficiency of DSSCs, the vibrationally resolved electronic spectra of five metal-free NKX-2587 derivatives with 1-5 thiophene units were simulated within the Franck-Condon approximation including the Herzberg-Teller and Duschinsky effects. The present theoretical results provided helpful guidance for understanding the sources of spectral intensities of dye molecules, and a valuable method for rational design of new molecules to improve the energy conversion efficiency (η) of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongxing He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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184
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Ali BA, Allam NK. Propping the optical and electronic properties of potential photo-sensitizers with different π-spacers: TD-DFT insights. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:237-243. [PMID: 28715692 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations on the widely used N3 dye (cis-[Ru(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)2(NCS)2] and its trans isomer with different π-spacers. The study compared the sensitization properties of the two isomers in terms of their electronic properties such as light harvesting efficiency (LHE), absorbed wavelength (λMax) and molecular orbital distribution. Also, charge transfer descriptors, such as the charge transfer distance (DCT), dipole moment (μCT), and the amount of charge transferred (qCT) were investigated. Upon replacing the two "2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid" ligands of the N3 dye with extended π-spacers of "1,4-benzene and 2,5-thiophene" for both the cis and trans isomers, the LHE of the trans isomer was increased by 70% compared to the cis counterpart. The complexes with thiophene spacers showed the highest LHE. The trans isomers showed wider absorbance range of wavelengths and equal wide distribution of charge density in the excited state along the organic ligands. These findings highlight the importance of using π-spacers between the organic ligands and the carboxylate groups to boost the LHE of DSSCs. Also, our study showed that the trans isomer is superior in its optical and electronic properties than the cis counterpart. However, the trans isomer is yet to be tested experimentally in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant A Ali
- Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Nageh K Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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185
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Wang JC, Hill SP, Dilbeck T, Ogunsolu OO, Banerjee T, Hanson K. Multimolecular assemblies on high surface area metal oxides and their role in interfacial energy and electron transfer. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:104-148. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00565b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
High surface area metal oxides offer a unique substrate for the assembly of multiple molecular components at an interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Sean P. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Tristan Dilbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | | | - Tanmay Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Materials Science and Engineering
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186
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Hao Y, Cui Y, Qu P, Sun W, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li D, Zhang F, Xu M. A novel strategy for the construction of photoelectrochemical sensing platform based on multifunctional photosensitizer. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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187
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Zhao C, Jin L, Ge H, Guo X, Zhang Q, Wang W. Modification on C217 by auxiliary acceptor toward efficient sensitiser for dye-sensitised solar cells: a theoretical study. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1406619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caibin Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P. R. China
| | - Lingxia Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Ge
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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188
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Cheema H, Peddapuram A, Adams RE, McNamara L, Hunt LA, Le N, Watkins DL, Hammer NI, Schmehl RH, Delcamp JH. Molecular Engineering of Near Infrared Absorbing Thienopyrazine Double Donor Double Acceptor Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12038-12049. [PMID: 29023117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thienopyrazine (TPz) building block allows for NIR photon absorption in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) when used as a π-bridge. We synthesized and characterized 7 organic sensitizers employing thienopyrazine (TPz) as a π-bridge in a double donor, double acceptor organic dye design. Donor groups are varied based on electron donating strength and sterics at the donor-π bridge bond with the acceptor groups varied as either carboxylic acids or benzoic acids on the π-bridge. This dye design was found to be remarkably tunable with solution absorption onsets ranging from 750 to near 1000 nm. Interestingly, the solution absorption measurements do not accurately approximate the dye absorption on TiO2 films with up to a 250 nm blue-shift of the dye absorption onset on TiO2. This shift in absorption and the effect on electron transfer properties is investigated via computational analysis, time-correlated single photon counting studies, and transient absorption spectroscopy. Structure-performance relationships were analyzed for the dyes in DSC devices with the highest performance observed at 17.6 mA/cm2 of photocurrent and 7.5% PCE for a cosensitized device with a panchromatic IPCE onset of 800 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Cheema
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Adithya Peddapuram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Rebecca E Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Louis McNamara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Leigh Anna Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ngoc Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Davita L Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Russell H Schmehl
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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189
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Chen HY, Ardo S. Direct observation of sequential oxidations of a titania-bound molecular proxy catalyst generated through illumination of molecular sensitizers. Nat Chem 2017; 10:17-23. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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190
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Materna KL, Jiang J, Regan KP, Schmuttenmaer CA, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Optimization of Photoanodes for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Combining a Heterogenized Iridium Water-Oxidation Catalyst with a High-Potential Porphyrin Photosensitizer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4526-4534. [PMID: 28876510 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells has gained interest owing to their ability to generate renewable fuels from solar energy. In this study, photoanodes were assembled from a SnO2 film sensitized with a combination of a high-potential CF3 -substituted porphyrin dye with a tetrahydropyranyl-protected hydroxamic acid surface-anchoring group and a Cp*Ir (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) water-oxidation catalyst containing a silatrane anchoring group. The dye/catalyst ratios were varied from 2:1 to 32:1 to optimize the photocatalytic water oxidation. Photoelectrochemical measurements showed not only more stable and reproducible photocurrents for lower dye/catalyst ratios but also improved photostability. O2 production was confirmed in real time over a 20 h period with a Clark electrode. Photoanodes prepared from 2:1 and 8:1 dye/catalyst sensitization solutions provided the most active electrodes for photocatalytic water oxidation and performed approximately 30-35 turnovers in 20 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Materna
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kevin P Regan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Charles A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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191
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Bai Y, Olivier JH, Yoo H, Polizzi NF, Park J, Rawson J, Therien MJ. Molecular Road Map to Tuning Ground State Absorption and Excited State Dynamics of Long-Wavelength Absorbers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16946-16958. [PMID: 29043788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Realizing chromophores that simultaneously possess substantial near-infrared (NIR) absorptivity and long-lived, high-yield triplet excited states is vital for many optoelectronic applications, such as optical power limiting and triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC). However, the energy gap law ensures such chromophores are rare, and molecular engineering of absorbers having such properties has proven challenging. Here, we present a versatile methodology to tackle this design issue by exploiting the ethyne-bridged (polypyridyl)metal(II) (M; M = Ru, Os)-(porphinato)metal(II) (PM'; M' = Zn, Pt, Pd) molecular architecture (M-(PM')n-M), wherein high-oscillator-strength NIR absorptivity up to 850 nm, near-unity intersystem crossing (ISC) quantum yields (ΦISC), and triplet excited-state (T1) lifetimes on the microseconds time scale are simultaneously realized. By varying the extent to which the atomic coefficients of heavy metal d orbitals contribute to the one-electron excitation configurations describing the initially prepared singlet and triplet excited-state wave functions, we (i) show that the relative magnitudes of fluorescence (k0F), S1 → S0 nonradiative decay (knr), S1 → T1 ISC (kISC), and T1 → S0 relaxation (kT1→S0) rate constants can be finely tuned in M-(PM')n-M compounds and (ii) demonstrate designs in which the kISC magnitude dominates singlet manifold relaxation dynamics but does not give rise to T1 → S0 conversion dynamics that short-circuit a microseconds time scale triplet lifetime. Notably, the NIR spectral domain absorptivities of M-(PM')n-M chromophores far exceed those of classic coordination complexes and organic materials possessing similarly high yields of triplet-state formation: in contrast to these benchmark materials, this work demonstrates that these M-(PM')n-M systems realize near unit ΦISC at extraordinarily modest S1-T1 energy gaps (∼0.25 eV). This study underscores the photophysical diversity of the M-(PM')n-M platform and presents a new library of long-wavelength absorbers that efficiently populate long-lived T1 states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Bai
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Jean-Hubert Olivier
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Hyejin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Nicholas F Polizzi
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Jaehong Park
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jeff Rawson
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Michael J Therien
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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192
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Akula SB, Chen HS, Su C, Chen BR, Chiou JJ, Shieh CH, Lin YF, Li WR. Effect of Extended Conjugation of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Based Sensitizers on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12987-12995. [PMID: 29019659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic properties of four ruthenium complexes (CI101, CBTR, CB111, and CB108) having various N-heterocyclic carbene ancillary ligands, pyridine-imidazole, -benzimidazole, -dithienobenzimidazole, and -phenanthroimidazole, respectively. These complexes were designed to investigate the effect of extended conjugation ordained from ring fusion on the power conversion efficiencies of the solar cells. The device sensitized by CB108, the pyridine-phenanthroimidazole conjugated complex, showed an improved efficiency (9.89%) compared to those of pyridine-benzimidazole conjugated system (CBTR, 9.72%) and the parent unfused ring system (CI101, 6.24%). Surprisingly, the sulfur-incorporated pyridine-dithienobenzimidazole system (CB111, 9.24%) exhibited a little lower efficiency than that of N719 (9.41%). The enhanced photovoltaic performance of CB108 was mainly attributed to the increase in electron lifetime and diffusion length confirmed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suri Babu Akula
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University , Chungli, Taiwan 32001, ROC
| | - Huei-Siou Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei, Taiwan 10608, ROC
| | - Chaochin Su
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei, Taiwan 10608, ROC
| | - Bo-Ren Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University , Chungli, Taiwan 32001, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Jie Chiou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University , Chungli, Taiwan 32001, ROC
| | - Chia-Hsuan Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University , Chungli, Taiwan 32001, ROC
| | - Ya-Fen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University , Chungli, Taiwan 32001, ROC
| | - Wen-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University , Chungli, Taiwan 32001, ROC
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193
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Cadranel A, Oviedo PS, Pieslinger GE, Yamazaki S, Kleiman VD, Baraldo LM, Guldi DM. Trapping intermediate MLCT states in low-symmetry {Ru(bpy)} complexes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7434-7442. [PMID: 29163895 PMCID: PMC5674176 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The picosecond excited state dynamics of [Ru(tpm)(bpy)(NCS)]+ (RubNCS+ ) and [Ru(tpm)(bpy)(CN)]+ (RubCN+ ) (tpm = tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) have been analyzed by means of transient absorption measurements and spectroelectrochemistry. Emissive 3MLCTs with (GS)HOMO(h+)-(GS)LUMO(e-) configurations are the lowest triplet excited states regardless of whether 387 or 505 nm photoexcitation is used. 387 nm photoexcitation yields, after a few picoseconds, the emissive 3MLCTs. In contrast, 505 nm photoexcitation populates an intermediate excited state that we assign as a 3MLCT state, in which the hole sits in a metal-centered orbital of different symmetry, prior to its conversion to the emissive 3MLCTs. The disparities in terms of electronic configuration between the intermediate and the emissive 3MLCTs have two important consequences. On one hand, both states feature very different fingerprint absorptions in transient absorption measurements. On the other hand, the reconfiguration is impeded by a kinetic barrier. As such, the conversion is followed spectroscopically and kinetically on the 300 ps timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany . ;
| | - Paola S Oviedo
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - German E Pieslinger
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Shiori Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , PO BOX 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611-7200 , USA
| | - Valeria D Kleiman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , PO BOX 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611-7200 , USA
| | - Luis M Baraldo
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany . ;
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194
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Eberhart MS, Wang D, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Shan B, Brennaman MK, Meyer GJ, Dares C, Meyer TJ. Water Photo-oxidation Initiated by Surface-Bound Organic Chromophores. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16248-16255. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Eberhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Degao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher Dares
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, MMC 11200
SW 8th Street (CP-3044), Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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195
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Aghazada S, Ren Y, Wang P, Nazeeruddin MK. Effect of Donor Groups on the Performance of Cyclometalated Ruthenium Sensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13437-13445. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadig Aghazada
- Group for Molecular
Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Yameng Ren
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular
Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
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196
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Karakus M, Zhang W, Räder HJ, Bonn M, Cánovas E. Electron Transfer from Bi-Isonicotinic Acid Emerges upon Photodegradation of N3-Sensitized TiO 2 Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35376-35382. [PMID: 28914045 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-term stability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is determined to a large extent by the photodegradation of their sensitizers. Understanding the mechanism of light-induced decomposition of dyes sensitizing a mesoporous oxide matrix may therefore contribute to solutions to increase the life span of DSSCs. Here, we investigate, using ultrafast terahertz photoconductivity measurements, the evolution of interfacial electron-transfer (ET) dynamics in Ru(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine)2(NCS)2 (N3) dye-sensitized mesoporous TiO2 electrodes upon dye photodegradation. Under inert environment, interfacial ET dynamics do not change over time, indicating that the dye is stable and photodegradation is absent; the associated ET dynamics are characterized by a sub-100 fs rise of the photoconductivity, followed by long-lived (≫1 ns) electrons in the oxide electrode. When the N3-TiO2 sample is exposed to air under identical illumination conditions, dye photodegradation is evident from the disappearance of the optical absorption associated with the dye. Remarkably, approximately half of the sub-100 fs ET is observed to still occur but is followed by very rapid (∼10 ps) electron-hole recombination. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, and terahertz photoconductivity analyses reveal that the photodegraded ET signal originates from the N3 dye photodegradation product as bi-isonicotinic acid (4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine), which remains bonded to the TiO2 surface via either bidentate chelation or bridging-type geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Karakus
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Räder
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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197
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Mukherjee S, Torres DE, Jakubikova E. HOMO inversion as a strategy for improving the light-absorption properties of Fe(ii) chromophores. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8115-8126. [PMID: 29568460 PMCID: PMC5855294 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02926h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Substitution of π-conjugated donor groups onto the polypyridine ligands in Fe(ii) complexes inverts the HOMO character and improves the light-absorption.
A computational study of a series of [Fe(tpy)2]2+ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) complexes is reported, where the tpy ligand is substituted at the 4, 4′, and 4′′ positions by electron donor (furan, thiophene, selenophene, NH2) and acceptor (carboxylic acid, NO2) groups. Using DFT and TD-DFT calculations, we show that the substitution of heterocyclic π donor groups onto the tpy ligand scaffold leads to marked improvement of the [Fe(tpy)2]2+ absorption properties, characterized by increased molar extinction coefficients, shift of absorption energies to longer wavelengths, and broadening of the absorption spectrum in the visible region. The observed changes in the light absorption properties are due to destabilization of ligand-centered occupied π orbital energies, thus increasing the interactions between the metal t2g (HOMO) and ligand π orbitals. Substitution of extended π-conjugated groups, such as thienothiophene and dithienothiophene, further destabilizes the ligand π orbital energies, resulting in a fully ligand-localized HOMO (i.e., HOMO inversion) and additional improvement of the light absorption properties. These results open up a new strategy to tuning the light absorption properties of Fe(ii)-polypyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC 27695 , USA .
| | - David E Torres
- Wake STEM Early College High School , 715 Barbour Dr , Raleigh , NC 27603 , USA
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC 27695 , USA .
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198
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Sampaio RN, Müller AV, Polo AS, Meyer GJ. Correlation Between Charge Recombination and Lateral Hole-Hopping Kinetics in a Series of cis-Ru(phen')(dcb)(NCS) 2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33446-33454. [PMID: 28471164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Four complexes of the general form cis-Ru(phen')(dcb)(NCS)2, where dcb is 4,4'-(CO2H)2-2,2'-bipyridine and phen' is 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 4,7-(C6H5)2-phen (Ph2-phen), 4,7-(CH3)2-phen (Me2-phen), or 3,4,7,8-(CH3)4-phen (Me4-phen), were anchored to mesoporous TiO2 thin films for applications as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The compounds displayed metal based reductions Eo(RuIII/II) = 1.01 ± 0.05 V vs NHE and were potent reductants competent of excited-state electron transfer to TiO2 with yields ϕinj ≥ 0.75 in acetonitrile electrolytes. Average charge recombination rate constants, kcr, abstracted from nanosecond transient absorption measurements, and the apparent diffusion coefficients for lateral hole-hopping, abstracted from chronabsorptometry measurements, showed the same sensitizer dependency: Ru(Me4-phen) > Ru(Ph2-phen) > Ru(Me2-phen) ≈ Ru(phen). When used in operational solar cells, Ru(Ph2-phen) was most optimal with an efficiency of (6.6 ± 0.5)% in ionic liquids under 1 sun illumination. The superior performance of Ru(Ph2-phen) was traced to a higher injection yield and more efficient regeneration due to an unusually small sensitivity of kcr to the number of injected electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andressa V Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC , Av dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André S Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC , Av dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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199
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Manar KK, Neetu, Anamika, Srivastava P, Drew MGB, Singh N. A New Series of Heteroleptic Cd(II) Diimine-Ferrocenyl Dithiocarbamate Complexes which Successfully Co-Sensitizes TiO2Photoanode with Ru N719 Dye in DSSC. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Manar
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi-221005 India
| | - Neetu
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi-221005 India
| | - Anamika
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi-221005 India
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi-221005 India
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi-221005 India
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Song H, Wang X, Yang W, He G, Kuang Z, Li Y, Xia A, Zhong YW, Kong F. Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of amine-substituted bipyridyl ruthenium(ii) complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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