151
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Jammal J, Zaknoon F, Mor A. Eliciting improved antibacterial efficacy of host proteins in the presence of antibiotics. FASEB J 2017; 32:369-376. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700652r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jammal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food EngineeringTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Fadia Zaknoon
- Department of Biotechnology and Food EngineeringTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Amram Mor
- Department of Biotechnology and Food EngineeringTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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152
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153
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Dai Y, Cai X, Shi W, Bi X, Su X, Pan M, Li H, Lin H, Huang W, Qian H. Pro-apoptotic cationic host defense peptides rich in lysine or arginine to reverse drug resistance by disrupting tumor cell membrane. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1601-1610. [PMID: 28664269 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Host defense peptides have been demonstrated to exhibit prominent advantages in cancer therapy with selective binding ability toward tumor cells via electrostatic attractions, which can overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy drugs, such as toxicity on non-malignant cells and the emergence of drug resistance. In this work, we redesigned and constructed a series of cationic peptides by inserting hydrophobic residues into hydrophilic surface or replacing lysine (K) with arginine (R), based on the experience from the preliminary work of host defense peptide B1. In-depth studies demonstrated that the engineered peptides exhibited more potent anti-cancer activity against various cancer cell lines and much lower toxicity to normal cells compared with B1. Further investigation revealed that compounds I-3 and I-7 could act on cancer cell membranes and subsequently alter the permeability, which facilitated obvious pro-apoptotic activity in paclitaxel-resistant cell line (MCF-7/Taxol). The result of mitochondrial membrane potential assay (ΔΨm) demonstrated that the peptides induced ΔΨm dissipation and mitochondrial depolarization. The caspase-3 cellular activity assay showed that the anti-cancer activity of peptides functioned via caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. The study yielded compound I-7 with superior properties for antineoplastic activity in comparison to B1, which makes it a promising potential candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Dai
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguang Cai
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhou Bi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Su
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaobo Pan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilan Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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154
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Lipkin R, Lazaridis T. Computational prediction of the optimal oligomeric state for membrane-inserted β-barrels of protegrin-1 and related mutants. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:334-345. [PMID: 28382709 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protegrin-1 is a widely studied 18-residue β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide. Evidence suggests that it acts via a β-barrel pore formation mechanism, but the exact number of peptides comprising the pore state is unknown. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of β-barrels of protegrin and three related mutants (v14v16l, v14v16a, and r4n) in NCNC parallel topology in implicit membrane pores of varying radius and curvature for oligomeric numbers 6-14. We then identified the optimal pore radius and curvature values for all constructs and determined the total effective energy and the translational and rotational entropic losses. These, along with an estimate of membrane deformation free energy from experimental line tension values, provided an estimate of the overall energetics of formation of each pore state. The results indicated that oligomeric numbers 7-13 are generally stable, allowing the possibility of a heterogeneous pore state. The optimal oligomeric state for protegrin is the nonamer, shifting to higher numbers for the mutants. Protegrin, v14v16l, and r4n are stable as membrane-inserted β-barrels, but v14v16a seems much less so because of its decreased hydrophobicity. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lipkin
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Graduate Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Themis Lazaridis
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY, 10031, USA
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155
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Baradaran M, Jalali A, soorki MN, Galehdari H. A Novel Defensin-Like Peptide Associated with Two Other New Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides in Transcriptome of the Iranian Scorpion Venom. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017; 21:190-6. [PMID: 27794585 PMCID: PMC5392222 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.3.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scorpion venom is a source of bioactive peptides, and some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been found in the venom gland of scorpions. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-infective agents is an essential need to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates. Here, we describe three new cationic AMPs, including meuVAP-6, meuAP-18-1, and meuPep34 from the venom gland of the Iranian scorpion, Mesobuthus eupeus. METHODS The cDNA sequences encoding all the three peptides were obtained from the cDNA library of scorpion venom gland and were deposited in the GenBank database. RESULTS MeuVAP-6 and meuAP-18-1 are non-disulphide-bridged antimicrobial peptides, while meuPep34 is a cysteine-rich defensin-like peptide. DISCUSSION All three identified AMPs are rich in arginine and tryptophan. The overall results from the length, net charge, and hydrophobicity index suggested that meuPep34 could be the most active AMPs with the potential ability of biofilm inhibition. The data from molecular characterization of identified AMPs can provide a platform for further investigations in the drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Baradaran
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Jalali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Naderi soorki
- Department of Genetics, Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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156
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Asfaw H, Laqua K, Walkowska AM, Cunningham F, Martinez-Martinez MS, Cuevas-Zurita JC, Ballell-Pages L, Imming P. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of wollamide B; a new potential anti TB agent. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176088. [PMID: 28423019 PMCID: PMC5397059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wollamide B is a cationic antimycobacterial cyclohexapeptide that exhibits activity against Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) (IC50 of 3.1 μM). Aiming to define its structural activity relationship (SAR), optimizing potency and pharmacokinetic properties, libraries of analogues were synthesized following a standard Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis approach. The antimycobacterial activities of wollamide B and all the synthesized analogues were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv. Parallely, in vitro drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (ADME) profiling was done for the synthesized compounds to evaluate their drug likeness. Among the 25 synthesized wollamides five of them showed potent activities with MICs ≤ 3.1 μM and found to be nontoxic against human HepG2 cells up to 100 μM. The results of the in vitro ADME profiling revealed the remarkable plasma stability and very good aqueous solubility of the class in general while the metabolic stability was found to be moderate to low. Of particular note, compounds 7c (MIC = 1.1 μM) and 13c (0.6 μM) that exhibited good balance of antimycobacterial activity vs. optimal pharmacokinetic properties could be used as a new lead for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Asfaw
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katja Laqua
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anna Maria Walkowska
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fraser Cunningham
- Diseases of the Developing World, Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Cuevas-Zurita
- Diseases of the Developing World, Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Ballell-Pages
- Diseases of the Developing World, Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Imming
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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157
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Jafari M, Mehrnejad F, Aghdami R, Chaparzadeh N, Razaghi Moghadam Kashani Z, Doustdar F. Identification of the Crucial Residues in the Early Insertion of Pardaxin into Different Phospholipid Bilayers. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:929-941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jafari
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Faramarz Mehrnejad
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5746, Iran
| | - Raheleh Aghdami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran
| | - Nader Chaparzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi Moghadam Kashani
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Farahnoosh Doustdar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of
Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
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158
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Raschig J, Mailänder-Sánchez D, Berscheid A, Berger J, Strömstedt AA, Courth LF, Malek NP, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Wehkamp J. Ubiquitously expressed Human Beta Defensin 1 (hBD1) forms bacteria-entrapping nets in a redox dependent mode of action. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006261. [PMID: 28323883 PMCID: PMC5376342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of endogenous host defense antimicrobial peptides it has been discussed how these evolutionary conserved molecules avoid to induce resistance and to remain effective. Human ß-defensin 1 (hBD1) is an ubiquitously expressed endogenous antimicrobial peptide that exhibits qualitatively distinct activities between its oxidized and reduced forms. Here, we explore these antimicrobial mechanisms. Surprisingly, using electron microscopy we detected a so far unknown net-like structure surrounding bacteria, which were treated with the reduced but not the oxidized form of hBD1. A transmigration assay demonstrated that hBD1-derived nets capture bacteria and inhibit bacterial transmigration independent of bacterial killing. The presence of nets could completely prevent migration of hBD1 resistant pathogens and are stable in the presence of human duodenal secretion with a high amount of proteases. In contrast to HD6, cysteins are necessary for net formation. This redox-dependent function serves as an additional mechanism of action for hBD1 and differs from net formation by other defensins such as Paneth cell-derived human α-defensin 6 (HD6). While hBD1red and hBD1ox have distinct antimicrobial profiles and functions, only the reduced form provides additional host protection by entrapping bacteria in extracellular net structures preventing bacterial invasion. Better understanding of the modes of action of endogenous host peptides will help to find new antimicrobial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Raschig
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne Berscheid
- Department for Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Berger
- Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Electron Microscopy, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adam A. Strömstedt
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lioba F. Courth
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P. Malek
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department for Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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159
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Berditsch M, Trapp M, Afonin S, Weber C, Misiewicz J, Turkson J, Ulrich AS. Antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S is accumulated in granules of producer cells for storage of bacterial phosphagens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44324. [PMID: 28295017 PMCID: PMC5353757 DOI: 10.1038/srep44324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many antimicrobial peptides are synthesized non-ribosomally in bacteria, but little is known about their subcellular route of biosynthesis, their mode of intracellular accumulation, or their role in the physiology of the producer cells. Here, we present a comprehensive view on the biosynthesis of gramicidin S (GS) in Aneurinibacillus migulanus, having observed a peripheral membrane localization of its synthetases. The peptide gets accumulated in nano-globules, which mature by fusion into larger granules and end up within vacuolar structures. These granules serve as energy storage devices, as they contain GS molecules that are non-covalently attached to alkyl phosphates and protect them from dephosphorylation and premature release of energy. This finding of a fundamentally new type of high-energy phosphate storage mechanism can explain the curious role of GS biosynthesis in the physiology of the bacterial producer cells. The unknown role of the GrsT protein, which is part of the non-ribosomal GS synthetase operon, can thus be assumed to be responsible for the biosynthesis of alkyl phosphates. GS binding to alkyl phosphates may suggest its general affinity to phosphagens such as ATP and GTP, which can represent the important intracellular targets in pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Berditsch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mareike Trapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- KIT, Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O.B. 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julia Misiewicz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joana Turkson
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,KIT, Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O.B. 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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160
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Antimicrobial peptide cWFW kills by combining lipid phase separation with autolysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44332. [PMID: 28276520 PMCID: PMC5343580 DOI: 10.1038/srep44332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic cyclic hexapeptide cWFW (cyclo(RRRWFW)) has a rapid bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its detailed mode of action has, however, remained elusive. In contrast to most antimicrobial peptides, cWFW neither permeabilizes the membrane nor translocates to the cytoplasm. Using a combination of proteome analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and membrane analysis we show that cWFW instead triggers a rapid reduction of membrane fluidity both in live Bacillus subtilis cells and in model membranes. This immediate activity is accompanied by formation of distinct membrane domains which differ in local membrane fluidity, and which severely disrupts membrane protein organisation by segregating peripheral and integral proteins into domains of different rigidity. These major membrane disturbances cause specific inhibition of cell wall synthesis, and trigger autolysis. This novel antibacterial mode of action holds a low risk to induce bacterial resistance, and provides valuable information for the design of new synthetic antimicrobial peptides.
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161
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Abstract
More than 40 antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are expressed in the oral cavity. These AMPs have been organized into 6 functional groups, 1 of which, cationic AMPs, has received extensive attention in recent years for their promise as potential antibiotics. The goal of this review is to describe recent advances in our understanding of the diverse mechanisms of action of cationic AMPs and the bacterial resistance against these peptides. The recently developed peptide GL13K is used as an example to illustrate many of the discussed concepts. Cationic AMPs typically exhibit an amphipathic conformation, which allows increased interaction with negatively charged bacterial membranes. Peptides undergo changes in conformation and aggregation state in the presence of membranes; conversely, lipid conformation and packing can adapt to the presence of peptides. As a consequence, a single peptide can act through several mechanisms depending on the peptide's structure, the peptide:lipid ratio, and the properties of the lipid membrane. Accumulating evidence shows that in addition to acting at the cell membrane, AMPs may act on the cell wall, inhibit protein folding or enzyme activity, or act intracellularly. Therefore, once a peptide has reached the cell wall, cell membrane, or its internal target, the difference in mechanism of action on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria may be less pronounced than formerly assumed. While AMPs should not cause widespread resistance due to their preferential attack on the cell membrane, in cases where specific protein targets are involved, the possibility exists for genetic mutations and bacterial resistance. Indeed, the potential clinical use of AMPs has raised the concern that resistance to therapeutic AMPs could be associated with resistance to endogenous host-defense peptides. Current evidence suggests that this is a rare event that can be overcome by subtle structural modifications of an AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Chemistry Institute, Strasbourg, France
| | - S.-U. Gorr
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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162
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Abstract
Membrane deformation by proteins is a universal phenomenon that has been studied extensively in eukaryotes but much less in prokaryotes. In this study, we discovered a membrane-deforming activity of the phospholipid N-methyltransferase PmtA from the plant-pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens PmtA catalyzes the successive three-step N-methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Here, we defined the lipid and protein requirements for the membrane-remodeling activity of PmtA by a combination of transmission electron microscopy and liposome interaction studies. Dependent on the lipid composition, PmtA changes the shape of spherical liposomes either into filaments or small vesicles. Upon overproduction of PmtA in A. tumefaciens, vesicle-like structures occur in the cytoplasm, dependent on the presence of the anionic lipid cardiolipin. The N-terminal lipid-binding α-helix (αA) is involved in membrane deformation by PmtA. Two functionally distinct and spatially separated regions in αA can be distinguished. Anionic interactions by positively charged amino acids on one face of the helix are responsible for membrane recruitment of the enzyme. The opposite hydrophobic face of the helix is required for membrane remodeling, presumably by shallow insertion into the lipid bilayer.IMPORTANCE The ability to alter the morphology of biological membranes is known for a small number of some bacterial proteins. Our study adds the phospholipid N-methyltransferase PmtA as a new member to the category of bacterial membrane-remodeling proteins. A combination of in vivo and in vitro methods reveals the molecular requirements for membrane deformation at the protein and phospholipid level. The dual functionality of PmtA suggests a contribution of membrane biosynthesis enzymes to the complex morphology of bacterial membranes.
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163
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Lin S, Koh JJ, Aung TT, Lim F, Li J, Zou H, Wang L, Lakshminarayanan R, Verma C, Wang Y, Tan DTH, Cao D, Beuerman RW, Ren L, Liu S. Symmetrically Substituted Xanthone Amphiphiles Combat Gram-Positive Bacterial Resistance with Enhanced Membrane Selectivity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1362-1378. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuimu Lin
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Jie Koh
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Fanghui Lim
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Li
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30
Biopolis Street, 07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore
| | - Hanxun Zou
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Lin Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
- SRP
Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Chandra Verma
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30
Biopolis Street, 07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore
- School of
Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang
Drive, 637551, Singapore
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science
Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yingjun Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Donald T. H. Tan
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore
| | - Derong Cao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
- SRP
Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Ren
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shouping Liu
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower
Level 6, 169856, Singapore
- SRP
Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore
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164
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Baxter RHG, Contet A, Krueger K. Arthropod Innate Immune Systems and Vector-Borne Diseases. Biochemistry 2017; 56:907-918. [PMID: 28072517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthropods, especially ticks and mosquitoes, are the vectors for a number of parasitic and viral human diseases, including malaria, sleeping sickness, Dengue, and Zika, yet arthropods show tremendous individual variation in their capacity to transmit disease. A key factor in this capacity is the group of genetically encoded immune factors that counteract infection by the pathogen. Arthropod-specific pattern recognition receptors and protease cascades detect and respond to infection. Proteins such as antimicrobial peptides, thioester-containing proteins, and transglutaminases effect responses such as lysis, phagocytosis, melanization, and agglutination. Effector responses are initiated by damage signals such as reactive oxygen species signaling from epithelial cells and recognized by cell surface receptors on hemocytes. Antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by siRNA pathways but coupled with interferon-like signaling, antimicrobial peptides, and thioester-containing proteins. Molecular mechanisms of immunity are closely linked to related traits of longevity and fertility, and arthropods have the capacity for innate immunological memory. Advances in understanding vector immunity can be leveraged to develop novel control strategies for reducing the rate of transmission of both ancient and emerging threats to global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H G Baxter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Alicia Contet
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Kathryn Krueger
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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165
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Zhang M, Zhu PP, Xin P, Si W, Li ZT, Hou JL. Synthetic Channel Specifically Inserts into the Lipid Bilayer of Gram-Positive Bacteria but not that of Mammalian Erythrocytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Pengyang Xin
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Wen Si
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
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166
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Zhang M, Zhu PP, Xin P, Si W, Li ZT, Hou JL. Synthetic Channel Specifically Inserts into the Lipid Bilayer of Gram-Positive Bacteria but not that of Mammalian Erythrocytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2999-3003. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Pengyang Xin
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Wen Si
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
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167
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Hamoen LW, Wenzel M. Editorial: Antimicrobial Peptides - Interaction with Membrane Lipids and Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:4. [PMID: 28203562 PMCID: PMC5285327 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leendert W Hamoen
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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168
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Liu Y, Ding S, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Zhu K. A Biosurfactant‐Inspired Heptapeptide with Improved Specificity to Kill MRSA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1486-1490. [PMID: 28106348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthNational Center for Veterinary Drug Safety EvaluationCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural University Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shuangyang Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthNational Center for Veterinary Drug Safety EvaluationCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural University Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Richard Dietrich
- Institute of Food SafetyDepartment of Veterinary SciencesLudwig-Maximilians-University Munich 85764 Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Institute of Food SafetyDepartment of Veterinary SciencesLudwig-Maximilians-University Munich 85764 Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthNational Center for Veterinary Drug Safety EvaluationCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural University Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
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169
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Schüller A, Matzner D, Lünse CE, Wittmann V, Schumacher C, Unsleber S, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Mayer C, Bierbaum G, Mayer G. Activation of the glmS Ribozyme Confers Bacterial Growth Inhibition. Chembiochem 2017; 18:435-440. [PMID: 28012261 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing number of pathogenic bacteria resistant to treatment with antibiotics call for the development of novel compounds with as-yet unexplored modes of action. Here, we demonstrate the in vivo antibacterial activity of carba-α-d-glucosamine (CGlcN). In this mode of action study, we provide evidence that CGlcN-mediated growth inhibition is due to glmS ribozyme activation, and we demonstrate that CGlcN hijacks an endogenous activation pathway, hence utilizing a prodrug mechanism. This is the first report describing antibacterial activity mediated by activating the self-cleaving properties of a ribozyme. Our results open the path towards a compound class with an entirely novel and distinct molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schüller
- University of Bonn, LIMES Institute, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Matzner
- University of Bonn, LIMES Institute, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina E Lünse
- University of Bonn, LIMES Institute, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.,University of Leipzig, Institute for Biochemistry, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of Konstanz, Chemistry Department, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Catherine Schumacher
- University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Bld. 26.23, Room 00.44, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Unsleber
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- University of Bonn, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Mayer
- University of Bonn, LIMES Institute, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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170
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Mayr J, Bachl J, Schlossmann J, Díaz DD. Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Studies of a Series of Polycations Bearing Quaternary Ammonium Moieties: Structural and Topological Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020303. [PMID: 28146105 PMCID: PMC5343839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of polycations bearing quaternary ammonium moieties have shown antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Different polymer topologies governed by a disubstituted aromatic core as well as different diamine-based linkers were found to influence the antimicrobial properties. Moreover, the hemolytic activity against human red blood cells was measured and demonstrated good biocompatibility and selectivity of these polycations for bacteria over mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Mayr
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Bachl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
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171
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Liu Y, Ding S, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Zhu K. A Biosurfactant-Inspired Heptapeptide with Improved Specificity to Kill MRSA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shuangyang Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Richard Dietrich
- Institute of Food Safety; Department of Veterinary Sciences; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; 85764 Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Institute of Food Safety; Department of Veterinary Sciences; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; 85764 Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University; Durham NC 27708 USA
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172
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Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of three chensinin-1 peptides containing mutation of glycine and histidine residues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40228. [PMID: 28054660 PMCID: PMC5215317 DOI: 10.1038/srep40228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural peptide chensinin-1 doesnot exhibit its desired biological properties. In this study, the mutant MC1-1 was designed by replacing Gly in the chensinin-1 sequence with Trp. Mutants MC1-2 and MC1-3 were designed based on the MC1-1 sequence to investigate the specific role of His residues. The mutated peptides presented α-helicity in a membrane-mimetic environment and exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities; in contrast to Trp residues, His residues were dispensable for interacting with the cell membrane. The interactions between the mutant peptides and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) facilitated the ingestion of peptides by Gram-negative bacteria. The binding affinities of the peptides were similar, at approximately 10 μM, but ΔH for MC1-2 was −7.3 kcal.mol−1, which was 6-9 folds higher than those of MC1-1 and MC1-3, probably due to the conformational changes. All mutant peptides demonstrated the ability to inhibit LPS-induced tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release from murine RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the representative peptide MC1-1showed better inhibition of serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared to polymyxin B (PMB), a potent binder and neutralizer of LPS as positive control in LPS-challenged mice model. These data suggest that the mutant peptides could be promising molecules for development as chensinin-based therapeutic agents against sepsis.
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173
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Bagheri M, Hancock REW. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry-Based Design of Proteolytically Stable Antimicrobial Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1548:61-71. [PMID: 28013497 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multiresistant bacteria worldwide together with the shortage of effective antibiotics in the market emphasizes the need for the design and development of the promising agents for the treatment of superbug-associated infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as excellent candidates to tackle this issue, and thousands of peptides of different lengths, amino acid compositions, and mode of action have been discovered and prepared to date. Nevertheless, it is of great importance to develop innovative formulation strategies for delivering these AMPs and to improve their low bioavailability and metabolic stability, particularly against proteases, if these peptides are to find applications in the clinic and administered orally or parenterally or used as dietary supplements. The purpose of this chapter is to describe basic experimental principles, based on analytical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS), for the prospective design of orally bioavailable AMPs considering the structural characteristics of the peptides and the substrate specificity of proteases that abound in the body especially at sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bagheri
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 1417614335, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center forMicrobial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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174
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Burujeny SB, Yeganeh H, Atai M, Gholami H, Sorayya M. Bactericidal dental nanocomposites containing 1,2,3-triazolium-functionalized POSS additive prepared through thiol-ene click polymerization. Dent Mater 2016; 33:119-131. [PMID: 27887775 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deterioration of mechanical strength for the dental composite containing ionic bactericidal compounds restricts the widespread utilization of this class of useful materials. This problem is originated from the reduction of the intermolecular interaction of polymeric network due to plasticization effect of absorbed water molecules penetrated between the chain segments. The main goal of this study is the synthesis of the highly efficient bactericidal additive with low hydrophilicity and consequently the least adverse effect on the final mechanical strength of the dental composite. METHODS The bactericidal 1, 2, 3-triazolium functional groups were chemically anchored on the surface of hydrophobic POSS nanoparticles (Triazolium-POSS) and incorporated into a dental restorative system composed of a ternary thiol-allyl ether-methacrylate resin and glass fillers. A similar system was also prepared, in which the POSS additive was replaced with quaternized dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate monomer (DMAEMA-BC). The chemical structure of POSS derivatives was evaluated by 1HNMR and FTIR spectra. The water uptake of dental composites was evaluated at days 1 and 14 after immersion into water. The bactericidal activity of composite specimens against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668) was determined based on ASTM E 2180 - 07. The flexural properties of samples were investigated through three-point bending assay and the shrinkage-strain of photo-cured resins was measured using the bonded-disk technique. The degree of conversion (DC %) of methacrylate functions was followed by FTIR spectroscopy. MTT assay was performed to investigate the cytocompatibility of samples. RESULTS Regardless of the partial increase in water uptake for Triazolium-POSS-containing sample, this parameter was much favor than the composite made from DMAEMA-BC. Therefore, the lower decline in flexural properties was recorded under the wet condition for the former system. Incorporation of Triazolium-POSS had no significant effect on shrinkage strain and cytocompatibility of composite specimen, meanwhile, a higher degree of conversion of methacrylate functional groups was recorded. The Triazolium-POSS-containing nano composite showed significantly higher bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans than another studied model system. SIGNIFICANCE The new derivative of bactericidal POSS nanoparticles decorated with 1, 2, 3-Triazolium moieties is a highly efficient bactericidal compound. If Triazolium-POSS is incorporated into a proper dental resin formulation, it can provide a strong bactericidal activity for dental materials; in the meantime, it leads to minimum deterioration of their mechanical strength due to its low water uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Beigi Burujeny
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran; Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Yeganeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Atai
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoshyar Gholami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Sorayya
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
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175
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Pranantyo D, Xu LQ, Kang ET, Mya MK, Chan-Park MB. Conjugation of Polyphosphoester and Antimicrobial Peptide for Enhanced Bactericidal Activity and Biocompatibility. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:4037-4044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dicky Pranantyo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Li Qun Xu
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Mya Khin Mya
- Centre for Antimicrobial
Bioengineering, School of
Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
| | - Mary B. Chan-Park
- Centre for Antimicrobial
Bioengineering, School of
Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
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176
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Genomic Landscape of Intrahost Variation in Group A Streptococcus: Repeated and Abundant Mutational Inactivation of the fabT Gene Encoding a Regulator of Fatty Acid Synthesis. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3268-3281. [PMID: 27600505 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00608-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain new information about Streptococcus pyogenes intrahost genetic variation during invasive infection, we sequenced the genomes of 2,954 serotype M1 strains recovered from a nonhuman primate experimental model of necrotizing fasciitis. A total of 644 strains (21.8%) acquired polymorphisms relative to the input parental strain. The fabT gene, encoding a transcriptional regulator of fatty acid biosynthesis genes, contained 54.5% of these changes. The great majority of polymorphisms were predicted to deleteriously alter FabT function. Transcriptome-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of a wild-type strain and an isogenic fabT deletion mutant strain found that between 3.7 and 28.5% of the S. pyogenes transcripts were differentially expressed, depending on the growth temperature (35°C or 40°C) and growth phase (mid-exponential or stationary phase). Genes implicated in fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism were significantly upregulated in the fabT deletion mutant strain. FabT also directly or indirectly regulated central carbon metabolism genes, including pyruvate hub enzymes and fermentation pathways and virulence genes. Deletion of fabT decreased virulence in a nonhuman primate model of necrotizing fasciitis. In addition, the fabT deletion strain had significantly decreased survival in human whole blood and during phagocytic interaction with polymorphonuclear leukocytes ex vivo We conclude that FabT mutant progeny arise during infection, constitute a metabolically distinct subpopulation, and are less virulent in the experimental models used here.
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177
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Daptomycin inhibits cell envelope synthesis by interfering with fluid membrane microdomains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7077-E7086. [PMID: 27791134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611173113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is a highly efficient last-resort antibiotic that targets the bacterial cell membrane. Despite its clinical importance, the exact mechanism by which daptomycin kills bacteria is not fully understood. Different experiments have led to different models, including (i) blockage of cell wall synthesis, (ii) membrane pore formation, and (iii) the generation of altered membrane curvature leading to aberrant recruitment of proteins. To determine which model is correct, we carried out a comprehensive mode-of-action study using the model organism Bacillus subtilis and different assays, including proteomics, ionomics, and fluorescence light microscopy. We found that daptomycin causes a gradual decrease in membrane potential but does not form discrete membrane pores. Although we found no evidence for altered membrane curvature, we confirmed that daptomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, using different fluorescent lipid probes, we showed that binding of daptomycin led to a drastic rearrangement of fluid lipid domains, affecting overall membrane fluidity. Importantly, these changes resulted in the rapid detachment of the membrane-associated lipid II synthase MurG and the phospholipid synthase PlsX. Both proteins preferentially colocalize with fluid membrane microdomains. Delocalization of these proteins presumably is a key reason why daptomycin blocks cell wall synthesis. Finally, clustering of fluid lipids by daptomycin likely causes hydrophobic mismatches between fluid and more rigid membrane areas. This mismatch can facilitate proton leakage and may explain the gradual membrane depolarization observed with daptomycin. Targeting of fluid lipid domains has not been described before for antibiotics and adds another dimension to our understanding of membrane-active antibiotics.
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178
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Schneider P, Bindila L, Schmahl C, Bohus M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Lutz B, Spanagel R, Schneider M. Adverse Social Experiences in Adolescent Rats Result in Enduring Effects on Social Competence, Pain Sensitivity and Endocannabinoid Signaling. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:203. [PMID: 27812328 PMCID: PMC5071316 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Social affiliation is essential for many species and gains significant importance during adolescence. Disturbances in social affiliation, in particular social rejection experiences during adolescence, affect an individual’s well-being and are involved in the emergence of psychiatric disorders. The underlying mechanisms are still unknown, partly because of a lack of valid animal models. By using a novel animal model for social peer-rejection, which compromises adolescent rats in their ability to appropriately engage in playful activities, here we report on persistent impairments in social behavior and dysregulations in the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. From postnatal day (pd) 21 to pd 50 adolescent female Wistar rats were either reared with same-strain partners (control) or within a group of Fischer 344 rats (inadequate social rearing, ISR), previously shown to serve as inadequate play partners for the Wistar strain. Adult ISR animals showed pronounced deficits in social interaction, social memory, processing of socially transmitted information, and decreased pain sensitivity. Molecular analysis revealed increased CB1 receptor (CB1R) protein levels and CP55, 940 stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding activity specifically in the amygdala and thalamus in previously peer-rejected rats. Along with these changes, increased levels of the eCB anandamide (AEA) and a corresponding decrease of its degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) were seen in the amygdala. Our data indicate lasting consequences in social behavior and pain sensitivity following peer-rejection in adolescent female rats. These behavioral impairments are accompanied by persistent alterations in CB1R signaling. Finally, we provide a novel translational approach to characterize neurobiological processes underlying social peer-rejection in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Schneider
- Research Group Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Bohus
- Institute for Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany; Faculty of Health, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Schneider
- Research Group Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
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179
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Omardien S, Brul S, Zaat SAJ. Antimicrobial Activity of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides against Gram-Positives: Current Progress Made in Understanding the Mode of Action and the Response of Bacteria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:111. [PMID: 27790614 PMCID: PMC5063857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as a novel class of antimicrobials that could aid the fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria. The mode of action of AMPs as acting on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane has often been presented as an enigma and there are doubts whether the membrane is the sole target of AMPs. Progress has been made in clarifying the possible targets of these peptides, which is reported in this review with as focus gram-positive vegetative cells and spores. Numerical estimates are discussed to evaluate the possibility that targets, other than the membrane, could play a role in susceptibility to AMPs. Concerns about possible resistance that bacteria might develop to AMPs are addressed. Proteomics, transcriptomics, and other molecular techniques are reviewed in the context of explaining the response of bacteria to the presence of AMPs and to predict what resistance strategies might be. Emergent mechanisms are cell envelope stress responses as well as enzymes able to degrade and/or specifically bind (and thus inactivate) AMPs. Further studies are needed to address the broadness of the AMP resistance and stress responses observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Omardien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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180
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Martinez OF, Agbale CM, Nomiyama F, Franco OL. Deciphering bioactive peptides and their action mechanisms through proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:1007-1016. [PMID: 27650042 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1238305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioactive peptides such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ribosomally synthesized and post translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and the non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) have emerged with promising applications in medicine, agriculture and industry. However, their development has been limited by several difficulties making it necessary to search for novel discovery methods. In this context, proteomics has been considered a reliable tool. Areas covered: This review highlights recent developments in proteomic tools that facilitate the discovery of AMPs, RiPPs and NRPs as well as the elucidation of action mechanisms of AMPs and resistance mechanisms of pathogens to them. Expert commentary: Proteomic approaches have emerged as useful tools for the study of bioactive peptides, especially mass spectrometry-based peptidomics profiling, a promising strategy for AMP discovery. Furthermore, the rapidly expanding fields of genome mining and genome sequencing techniques, as well as mass spectrometry, have revolutionized the discovery of novel RiPPs and NRPs from complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmel Fleitas Martinez
- a Pos-Graduação em Patologia olecular , Universidade de Brasilia , Brasilia-DF Brazil.,b Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica de Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Caleb Mawuli Agbale
- c S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Brazil.,d Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Fernanda Nomiyama
- b Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica de Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- a Pos-Graduação em Patologia olecular , Universidade de Brasilia , Brasilia-DF Brazil.,b Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica de Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.,c S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Brazil
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181
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Malanovic N, Lohner K. Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Gram-Positive Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E59. [PMID: 27657092 PMCID: PMC5039512 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have remarkably different structures as well as biological activity profiles, whereupon most of these peptides are supposed to kill bacteria via membrane damage. In order to understand their molecular mechanism and target cell specificity for Gram-positive bacteria, it is essential to consider the architecture of their cell envelopes. Before AMPs can interact with the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria, they have to traverse the cell wall composed of wall- and lipoteichoic acids and peptidoglycan. While interaction of AMPs with peptidoglycan might rather facilitate penetration, interaction with anionic teichoic acids may act as either a trap for AMPs or a ladder for a route to the cytoplasmic membrane. Interaction with the cytoplasmic membrane frequently leads to lipid segregation affecting membrane domain organization, which affects membrane permeability, inhibits cell division processes or leads to delocalization of essential peripheral membrane proteins. Further, precursors of cell wall components, especially the highly conserved lipid II, are directly targeted by AMPs. Thereby, the peptides do not inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis via binding to proteins like common antibiotics, but form a complex with the precursor molecule, which in addition can promote pore formation and membrane disruption. Thus, the multifaceted mode of actions will make AMPs superior to antibiotics that act only on one specific target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermina Malanovic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Austria.
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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182
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Slootweg JC, Prochnow P, Bobersky S, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Exploring Structure-Activity Relationships in Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides (synAMPs) by a Ferrocene Scan. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Slootweg
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Pascal Prochnow
- Applied Microbiology; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology; Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Sandra Bobersky
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Applied Microbiology; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology; Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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183
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Pellino-1 derived cationic antimicrobial prawn peptide: Bactericidal activity, toxicity and mode of action. Mol Immunol 2016; 78:171-182. [PMID: 27648859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are multifunctional molecules which represent significant roles in the innate immune system. These molecules have been well known for decades because of their role as natural antibiotics in both invertebrates and vertebrates. The development of multiple drug resistance against conventional antibiotics brought a greater focus on AMPs in recent years. The cationic peptides, in particular, proven as host defense peptides and are considered as effectors of innate immunity. Among the various innate immune molecules, functions of pellino-1 (Peli-1) have been recently studied for its remarkable role in specific immune functions. In our study, we have identified Peli-1 from the cDNA library of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr) and analyzed its features using various in-silico methods. Real time PCR analysis showed an induced expression of MrPeli-1 during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), bacteria (Vibrio harveyi) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli challenge. Also, a cationic AMP named MrDN was derived from MrPeli-1 protein sequence and its activity was confirmed against various pathogenic bacteria. The mode of action of MrDN was determined to be its membrane permeabilization ability against Bacillus cereus ATCC 2106 as well as its DNA binding ability. Further, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images showed the membrane disruption and leakage of cellular components of B. cereus cells induced by MrDN. The toxicity of MrDN against normal cells (HEK293 cells) was demonstrated by MTT and hemolysis assays. Overall, the results demonstrated the innate immune function of MrPeli-1 with a potential cationic AMP in prawn.
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184
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Slootweg JC, Albada HB, Siegmund D, Metzler-Nolte N. Efficient Reagent-Saving Method for the N-Terminal Labeling of Bioactive Peptides with Organometallic Carboxylic Acids by Solid-Phase Synthesis. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Slootweg
- Mercachem, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie I−Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät
für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - H. Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie I−Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät
für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie I−Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät
für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie I−Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät
für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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185
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Albada B, Metzler-Nolte N. Organometallic–Peptide Bioconjugates: Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11797-11839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic
Chemistry I − Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780-D Bochum, Germany
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186
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Berditsch M, Lux H, Babii O, Afonin S, Ulrich AS. Therapeutic Potential of Gramicidin S in the Treatment of Root Canal Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9030056. [PMID: 27618065 PMCID: PMC5039509 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An intrinsic clindamycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, the most common single species present in teeth after failed root canal therapy, often possesses acquired tetracycline resistance. In these cases, root canal infections are commonly treated with Ledermix(®) paste, which contains demeclocycline, or the new alternative endodontic paste Odontopaste, which contains clindamycin; however, these treatments are often ineffective. We studied the killing activity of the cyclic antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S (GS) against planktonic and biofilm cells of tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates of E. faecalis. The high therapeutic potential of GS for the topical treatment of problematic teeth is based on the rapid bactericidal effect toward the biofilm-forming, tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis. GS reduces the cell number of planktonic cells within 20-40 min at a concentration of 40-80 μg/mL. It kills the cells of pre-grown biofilms at concentrations of 100-200 μg/mL, such that no re-growth is possible. The translocation of the peptide into the cell interior and its complexation with intracellular nucleotides, including the alarmon ppGpp, can explain its anti-biofilm effect. The successful treatment of persistently infected root canals of two volunteers confirms the high effectiveness of GS. The broad GS activity towards resistant, biofilm-forming E. faecalis suggests its applications for approval in root canal medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Berditsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Hannah Lux
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, P. O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany.
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, P. O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany.
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187
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Wenzel M, Prochnow P, Mowbray C, Vuong C, Höxtermann S, Stepanek JJ, Albada HB, Hall J, Metzler-Nolte N, Bandow JE. Towards Profiles of Resistance Development and Toxicity for the Small Cationic Hexapeptide RWRWRW-NH2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:86. [PMID: 27617260 PMCID: PMC4999427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RWRWRW-NH2 (MP196) is an amphipathic hexapeptide that targets the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits cellular respiration and cell wall synthesis. In previous studies it showed promising activity against Gram-positive bacteria and no significant cytotoxicity or hemolysis. MP196 is therefore used as lead structure for developing more potent antibiotic derivatives. Here we present a more comprehensive study on the parent peptide MP196 with regard to clinically relevant parameters. We found that MP196 acts rapidly bactericidal killing 97% of initial CFU within 10 min at two times MIC. We were unable to detect resistance in standard 24 and 48 h resistance frequency assays. However, MP196 was effective against some but not all MRSA and VISA strains. Serum binding of MP196 was intermediate and we confirmed its low toxicity against mammalian cell lines. MP196 did neither induce NFκB activation nor cause an increase in IL8 levels at 250 μg/mL, and no IgE-dependent activation of basophil granulocytes was detected at 500 μg/mL. Yet, MP196 demonstrated acute toxicity in mice upon injection into the blood stream. Phase contrast microscopy of mouse blood treated with MP196 revealed a shrinking of erythrocytes at 250 μg/mL and severe morphological changes and lysis of erythrocytes at 500 μg/mL. These data suggest that MP196 derivatization directed at further lowering hemolysis could be instrumental in overcoming acute toxicity. The assessment of hemolysis is a critical step in the evaluation of the clinical potential of promising antimicrobial peptides and should be accompanied by microscopy-based morphological analysis of blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Wenzel
- Applied Microbiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Prochnow
- Applied Microbiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Catherine Mowbray
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cuong Vuong
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures GmbH Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan Höxtermann
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | | | - H Bauke Albada
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Judith Hall
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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188
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Porta A, Petrone AM, Morello S, Granata I, Rizzo F, Memoli D, Weisz A, Maresca B. Design and expression of peptides with antimicrobial activity againstSalmonellatyphimurium. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Anna Maria Petrone
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano (SA) Italy
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development; University of Salerno; Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Ilaria Granata
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi SA Italy
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi SA Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi SA Italy
| | - Bruno Maresca
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano (SA) Italy
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189
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Balandin SV, Ovchinnikova TV. Antimicrobial peptides of invertebrates. Part 2. biological functions and mechanisms of action. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201604004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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190
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Human commensals producing a novel antibiotic impair pathogen colonization. Nature 2016; 535:511-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature18634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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191
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Comparative Analysis of the Antimicrobial Activities of Plant Defensin-Like and Ultrashort Peptides against Food-Spoiling Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4288-4298. [PMID: 27208129 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00558-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antimicrobial peptides offer potential as novel therapeutics to combat food spoilage and poisoning caused by pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Our previous studies identified the peptide human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3) as a potent antimicrobial agent against a wide range of beer-spoiling bacteria. Thus, HBD3 is an excellent candidate for development as an additive to prevent food and beverage spoilage. To expand the repertoire of peptides with antimicrobial activity against bacteria associated with food spoilage and/or food poisoning, we carried out an in silico discovery pipeline to identify peptides with structure and activity similar to those of HBD3, focusing on peptides of plant origin. Using a standardized assay, we compared the antimicrobial activities of nine defensin-like plant peptides to the activity of HBD3. Only two of the peptides, fabatin-2 and Cp-thionin-2, displayed antimicrobial activity; however, the peptides differed from HBD3 in being sensitive to salt and were thermostable. We also compared the activities of several ultrashort peptides to that of HBD3. One of the peptides, the synthetic tetrapeptide O3TR, displayed biphasic antimicrobial activity but had a narrower host range than HBD3. Finally, to determine if the peptides might act in concert to improve antimicrobial activity, we compared the activities of the peptides in pairwise combinations. The plant defensin-like peptides fabatin-2 and Cp-thionin-2 displayed a synergistic effect with HBD3, while O3TR was antagonistic. Thus, some plant defensin-like peptides are effective antimicrobials and may act in concert with HBD3 to control bacteria associated with food spoilage and food poisoning. IMPORTANCE Food spoilage and food poisoning caused by bacteria can have major health and economic implications for human society. With the rise in resistance to conventional antibiotics, there is a need to identify new antimicrobials to combat these outbreaks in our food supply. Here we screened plant peptide databases to identify peptides that share structural similarity with the human defensin peptide HBD3, which has known antimicrobial activity against food-spoiling bacteria. We show that two of the plant peptides display antimicrobial activity against bacteria associated with food spoilage. When combined with HBD3, the peptides are highly effective. We also analyzed the activity of an easily made ultrashort synthetic peptide, O3TR. We show that this small peptide also displays antimicrobial activity against food-spoiling bacteria but is not as effective as HBD3 or the plant peptides. The plant peptides identified are good candidates for development as natural additives to prevent food spoilage.
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192
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Ramesh S, Govender T, Kruger HG, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Short AntiMicrobial Peptides (SAMPs) as a class of extraordinary promising therapeutic agents. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:438-51. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ramesh
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine; Barcelona Science Park 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
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193
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Rashid R, Veleba M, Kline KA. Focal Targeting of the Bacterial Envelope by Antimicrobial Peptides. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:55. [PMID: 27376064 PMCID: PMC4894902 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are utilized by both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. AMPs such as the human beta defensins, human neutrophil peptides, human cathelicidin, and many bacterial bacteriocins are cationic and capable of binding to anionic regions of the bacterial surface. Cationic AMPs (CAMPs) target anionic lipids [e.g., phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipins (CL)] in the cell membrane and anionic components [e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)] of the cell envelope. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms to modify these same targets in order to resist CAMP killing, e.g., lysinylation of PG to yield cationic lysyl-PG and alanylation of LTA. Since CAMPs offer a promising therapeutic alternative to conventional antibiotics, which are becoming less effective due to rapidly emerging antibiotic resistance, there is a strong need to improve our understanding about the AMP mechanism of action. Recent literature suggests that AMPs often interact with the bacterial cell envelope at discrete foci. Here we review recent AMP literature, with an emphasis on focal interactions with bacteria, including (1) CAMP disruption mechanisms, (2) delocalization of membrane proteins and lipids by CAMPs, and (3) CAMP sensing systems and resistance mechanisms. We conclude with new approaches for studying the bacterial membrane, e.g., lipidomics, high resolution imaging, and non-detergent-based membrane domain extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Rashid
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Veleba
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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194
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Stepanek JJ, Lukežič T, Teichert I, Petković H, Bandow JE. Dual mechanism of action of the atypical tetracycline chelocardin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:645-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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195
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Liu X, Cao R, Wang S, Jia J, Fei H. Amphipathicity Determines Different Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Lysine- or Arginine-Rich Cationic Hydrophobic Peptides in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5238-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sha Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
| | - Junli Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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196
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Silva JP, Appelberg R, Gama FM. Antimicrobial peptides as novel anti-tuberculosis therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:924-940. [PMID: 27235189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has recently joined HIV/AIDS as the world's deadliest infectious disease, affecting around 9.6 million people worldwide in 2014. Of those, about 1.2 million died from the disease. Resistance acquisition to existing antibiotics, with the subsequent emergence of Multi-Drug Resistant mycobacteria strains, together with an increasing economic burden, has urged the development of new anti-TB drugs. In this scope, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are small, cationic and amphipathic peptides that make part of the innate immune system, now arise as promising candidates for TB treatment. In this review, we analyze the potential of AMPs for this application. We address the mechanisms of action, advantages and disadvantages over conventional antibiotics and how problems associated with its use may be overcome to boost their therapeutic potential. Additionally, we address the challenges of translational development from benchside to bedside, evaluate the current development pipeline and analyze the expected global impact from a socio-economic standpoint. The quest for more efficient and more compliant anti-TB drugs, associated with the great therapeutic potential of emerging AMPs and the rising peptide market, provide an optimal environment for the emergence of AMPs as promising therapies. Still, their pharmacological properties need to be enhanced and manufacturing-associated issues need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Silva
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Rui Appelberg
- Department of Immunophysiology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Gama
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
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197
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Wang HY, Hua XW, Jia HR, Li C, Lin F, Chen Z, Wu FG. Universal Cell Surface Imaging for Mammalian, Fungal, and Bacterial Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:987-997. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Wu Hua
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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198
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Reck M, Wagner-Döbler I. Carolacton Treatment Causes Delocalization of the Cell Division Proteins PknB and DivIVa in Streptococcus mutans in vivo. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:684. [PMID: 27242711 PMCID: PMC4862990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The small inhibitory molecule Carolacton has been shown to cause chain formation and bulging in Streptococci, suggesting a defect in cell division, but it is not known how cell division is impaired on a molecular level. Fluorescent fusion proteins have successfully been applied to visualize protein localization and dynamics in vivo and have revolutionized our understanding of cell wall growth, cell division, chromosome replication and segregation. However, in Streptococci the required vectors are largely lacking. We constructed vectors for chromosomal integration and inducible expression of fluorescent fusion proteins based on GFP+ in S. mutans. Their applicability was verified using four proteins with known localization in the cell. We then determined the effect of Carolacton on the subcellular localization of GFP+ fusions of the cell division protein DivIVa and the serine-threonine protein kinase PknB. Carolacton caused a significant delocalization of these proteins from midcell, in accordance with a previous study demonstrating the Carolacton insensitive phenotype of a pknB deletion strain. Carolacton treated cells displayed an elongated phenotype, increased septum formation and a severe defect in daughter cell separation. GFP+ fusions of two hypothetical proteins (SMU_503 and SMU_609), that had previously been shown to be the most strongly upregulated genes after Carolacton treatment, were found to be localized at the septum in midcell, indicating their role in cell division. These findings highlight the importance of PknB as a key regulator of cell division in streptococci and indicate a profound impact of Carolacton on the coordination between peripheral and septal cell wall growth. The established vector system represents a novel tool to study essential steps of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reck
- Department of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Department of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
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199
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Wolf D, Mascher T. The applied side of antimicrobial peptide-inducible promoters from Firmicutes bacteria: expression systems and whole-cell biosensors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4817-29. [PMID: 27102123 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cell envelope is an essential bacterial structure that consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and-in Gram-negative bacteria-the outer membrane. Because of its crucial functions, it represents a prime antibiotic target. Monitoring and maintaining its integrity are therefore keys to survival, especially in competitive environments where antibiotics represent one means of suppressing the growth of competitors. Resistance against external antibiotic threat, as well as auto-immunity against self-produced antibiotics, is often mediated by two-component systems (2CSs). They respond to antibiotic threat by inducing gene expression that results in the production of specific resistance determinants. The underlying transcriptional control is exhibited at the level of specific target promoters, which usually share a number of relevant features: They are tightly controlled and only induced in the presence of specific (sets of) antibiotics. This induction is dose dependent and often very sensitive, that is, it occurs well below inhibitory antibiotic concentrations. Because of these characteristics, a number of well-characterized cell envelope stress-inducible promoters have been developed for two different applied purposes: first, as whole-cell biosensors for antibiotic detection and mechanism-of-action studies, and second, as antibiotic-inducible expression systems for biotechnological purposes. The current state of research in both fields will be discussed in this review, focusing on 2CS-regulated promoters from Firmicutes bacteria that are induced to mediate resistance against antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) targeting the cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wolf
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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200
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Yarlagadda V, Sarkar P, Samaddar S, Haldar J. A Vancomycin Derivative with a Pyrophosphate-Binding Group: A Strategy to Combat Vancomycin-Resistant Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Yarlagadda
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; New Chemistry Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR); Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Paramita Sarkar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; New Chemistry Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR); Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Sandip Samaddar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; New Chemistry Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR); Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; New Chemistry Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR); Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
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