151
|
Ciccone L, Policar C, Stura EA, Shepard W. Human TTR conformation altered by rhenium tris-carbonyl derivatives. J Struct Biol 2016; 195:353-364. [PMID: 27402536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric serum protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol. TTR is potentially amyloidogenic due to homotetramer dissociation into monomeric intermediates that self-assemble as amyloid deposits and insoluble fibrils. Most crystallographic structures, including those of amyloidogenic variants show the same tetramer without major variations in the monomer-monomer interface nor in the volume of the interdimeric cavity. Soaking TTR crystals in a solution containing rhenium tris-carbonyl derivatives yields a TTR conformer never observed before. Only one of the two monomers of the crystallographic dimer is significantly altered, and the inner part of the T4 binding cavity is expanded at one end and shrunk at the other. The result redefines the mechanism of allosteric communication between the two sites, suggesting that negative cooperativity is a function of dimer asymmetry, which can be induced through internal or external binding. An aspect that remains unexplained is why the conformational changes are ubiquitous throughout the crystal although the heavy metal content of the derivatized crystals is relatively low. The conformational changes observed, which include Leu(82), may represent a form of TTR better at scavenging β-Amyloid. At a resolution of 1.69Å, with excellent refinement statistics and well defined electron density for all parts of the structure, it is possible to envisage answering important questions that range from protein cooperative behavior to heavy atom induced protein conformational modifications that can result in crystallographic non-isomorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de chimie, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR7203, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Enrico A Stura
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France.
| | - William Shepard
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
The role of fibrinogen glycation in ATTR: evidence for chaperone activity loss in disease. Biochem J 2016; 473:2225-37. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) belongs to a class of disorders caused by protein misfolding and aggregation. ATTR is a disabling disorder of autosomal dominant trait, where transthyretin (TTR) forms amyloid deposits in different organs, causing dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. We previously discovered that amyloid fibrils from ATTR patients are glycated by methylglyoxal. Even though no consensus has been reached about the actual role of methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end-products in amyloid diseases, evidence collected so far points to a role for protein glycation in conformational abnormalities, being ubiquitously found in amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease, dialysis-related amyloidosis and Parkinson's diseases. Human fibrinogen, an extracellular chaperone, was reported to specifically interact with a wide spectrum of stressed proteins and suppress their aggregation, being an interacting protein with TTR. Fibrinogen is differentially glycated in ATTR, leading to its chaperone activity loss. Here we show the existence of a proteostasis imbalance in ATTR linked to fibrinogen glycation by methylglyoxal.
Collapse
|
153
|
Survival After Transplantation in Patients With Mutations Other Than Val30Met: Extracts From the FAP World Transplant Registry. Transplantation 2016; 100:373-81. [PMID: 26656838 PMCID: PMC4732012 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Liver transplantation (LTx) has been performed for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) since 1990. Outcomes for a relatively large series of LTx ATTR patients with the Val30Met (mutation are available, but for non-Val30Met patients, only a few reports with a small number of patients exist. Here, we present outcomes for non-Val30Met ATTR patients after LTx, as reported to the Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy World Transplant Registry (FAPWTR). Methods Data regarding outcome were extracted for all non-Val30Met patients reported to the registry. Survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results The total number of patients with a non-Val30Met mutation in the registry was 264 (174 men and 90 women), representing 57 mutations. The 10-year survival varied markedly for the 9 most common mutations, ranging from 21% for Ser50Arg to 85% for Val71Ala. Poor survival was noted for all mutations with leptomeningeal complications except for those with the Tyr114Cys mutation. Conclusions Large differences in survival were observed relative to different mutations and between mutations with similar phenotypes. Excellent survival was noted for mutations, such as Leu111Met, Val71Ala, and Leu58His. Patients with mutations other than Val30Met are not a homogeneous group, and the term non-Val30Met should be used with caution or avoided. Moreover, for several mutations, data are too limited to allow evaluation of the efficacy of LTx, and continuous international collaboration is important for obtaining treatment guidance.
Collapse
|
154
|
Convertino M, Das J, Dokholyan NV. Pharmacological Chaperones: Design and Development of New Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Conformational Diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1471-89. [PMID: 27097127 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Errors in protein folding may result in premature clearance of structurally aberrant proteins, or in the accumulation of toxic misfolded species or protein aggregates. These pathological events lead to a large range of conditions known as conformational diseases. Several research groups have presented possible therapeutic solutions for their treatment by developing novel compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones. These cell-permeable molecules selectively provide a molecular scaffold around which misfolded proteins can recover their native folding and, thus, their biological activities. Here, we review therapeutic strategies, clinical potentials, and cost-benefit impacts of several classes of pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of a series of conformational diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marino Convertino
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jhuma Das
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Higaki JN, Chakrabartty A, Galant NJ, Hadley KC, Hammerson B, Nijjar T, Torres R, Tapia JR, Salmans J, Barbour R, Tam SJ, Flanagan K, Zago W, Kinney GG. Novel conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies against amyloidogenic forms of transthyretin. Amyloid 2016; 23:86-97. [PMID: 26981744 PMCID: PMC4898150 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2016.1148025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is caused by the misfolding and deposition of the transthyretin (TTR) protein and results in progressive multi-organ dysfunction. TTR epitopes exposed by dissociation and misfolding are targets for immunotherapeutic antibodies. We developed and characterized antibodies that selectively bound to misfolded, non-native conformations of TTR. METHODS Antibody clones were generated by immunizing mice with an antigenic peptide comprising a cryptotope within the TTR sequence and screened for specific binding to non-native TTR conformations, suppression of in vitro TTR fibrillogenesis, promotion of antibody-dependent phagocytic uptake of mis-folded TTR and specific immunolabeling of ATTR amyloidosis patient-derived tissue. RESULTS Four identified monoclonal antibodies were characterized. These antibodies selectively bound the target epitope on monomeric and non-native misfolded forms of TTR and strongly suppressed TTR fibril formation in vitro. These antibodies bound fluorescently tagged aggregated TTR, targeting it for phagocytic uptake by macrophage THP-1 cells, and amyloid-positive TTR deposits in heart tissue from patients with ATTR amyloidosis, but did not bind to other types of amyloid deposits or normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS Conformation-specific anti-TTR antibodies selectively bind amyloidogenic but not native TTR. These novel antibodies may be therapeutically useful in preventing deposition and promoting clearance of TTR amyloid and in diagnosing TTR amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Avi Chakrabartty
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , and
| | - Natalie J Galant
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , and
| | - Kevin C Hadley
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , and
| | | | | | - Ronald Torres
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jose R Tapia
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Joshua Salmans
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Robin Barbour
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Stephen J Tam
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Ken Flanagan
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wagner Zago
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Gene G Kinney
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Mangrolia P, Yang DT, Murphy RM. Transthyretin variants with improved inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:209-218. [PMID: 27099354 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) is widely believed to cause neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Transthyretin (TTR) binds to Aβ and inhibits its aggregation and neurotoxicity. TTR is a homotetrameric protein, with each monomer containing a short α-helix and two anti-parallel β-sheets. Dimers pack into tetramers to form a hydrophobic cavity. Here we report the discovery of a TTR mutant, N98A, that was more effective at inhibiting Aβ aggregation than wild-type (WT) TTR, although N98A and WT bound Aβ equally. The N98A mutation is located on a flexible loop distant from the putative Aβ-binding sites and does not alter secondary and tertiary structures nor prevent correct assembly into tetramers. Under non-physiological conditions, N98A tetramers were kinetically and thermodynamically less stable than WT, suggesting a difference in the tetramer folded structure. In vivo, the lone cysteine in TTR is frequently modified by S-cysteinylation or S-sulfonation. Like the N98A mutation, S-cysteinylation of TTR modestly decreased tetramer stability and increased TTR's effectiveness at inhibiting Aβ aggregation. Collectively, these data indicate that a subtle change in TTR tetramer structure measurably increases TTR's ability to inhibit Aβ aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Mangrolia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dennis T Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Regina M Murphy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Iakovleva I, Begum A, Brännström K, Wijsekera A, Nilsson L, Zhang J, Andersson PL, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. Tetrabromobisphenol A Is an Efficient Stabilizer of the Transthyretin Tetramer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153529. [PMID: 27093678 PMCID: PMC4836675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation of the human plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human disorders, including familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) and senile systemic amyloidosis. Dissociation of TTR's native tetrameric assembly is the rate-limiting step in the conversion into amyloid, and this feature presents an avenue for intervention because binding of an appropriate ligand to the thyroxin hormone binding sites of TTR stabilizes the native tetrameric assembly and impairs conversion into amyloid. The desired features for an effective TTR stabilizer include high affinity for TTR, high selectivity in the presence of other proteins, no adverse side effects at the effective concentrations, and a long half-life in the body. In this study we show that the commonly used flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) efficiently stabilizes the tetrameric structure of TTR. The X-ray crystal structure shows TBBPA binding in the thyroxine binding pocket with bromines occupying two of the three halogen binding sites. Interestingly, TBBPA binds TTR with an extremely high selectivity in human plasma, and the effect is equal to the recently approved drug tafamidis and better than diflunisal, both of which have shown therapeutic effects against FAP. TBBPA consequently present an interesting scaffold for drug design. Its absorption, metabolism, and potential side-effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandra Wijsekera
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lina Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Li JP, Kusche-Gullberg M. Heparan Sulfate: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 325:215-73. [PMID: 27241222 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (PGs) are ubiquitously expressed on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues, having essential functions in development and homeostasis, as well as playing various roles in disease processes. The functions of HSPGs are mainly dependent on interactions between the HS-side chains with a variety of proteins including cytokines, growth factors, and their receptors. In a given HS polysaccharide, negatively charged sulfate and carboxylate groups are arranged in various types of domains, generated through strictly regulated biosynthetic reactions and with enormous potential for structural variability. The mode of HS-protein interactions is assessed through binding experiments using saccharides of defined composition in vitro, signaling assays in cell models where HS structures are manipulated, and targeted disruption of genes for biosynthetic enzymes in animals (mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans) followed by phenotype analysis. Whereas some protein ligands appear to require strictly defined HS structure, others bind to variable saccharide domains without apparent dependence on distinct saccharide sequence. These findings raise intriguing questions concerning the functional significance of regulation in HS biosynthesis and the potential for development of therapeutics targeting HS-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-P Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden; SciLifeLab, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
159
|
Ciccone L, Nencetti S, Rossello A, Stura EA, Orlandini E. Synthesis and structural analysis of halogen substituted fibril formation inhibitors of Human Transthyretin (TTR). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:40-51. [PMID: 27067161 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1167048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), a β-sheet-rich tetrameric protein, in equilibrium with an unstable amyloidogenic monomeric form is responsible for extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils, is associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, such as senile systemic amyloidosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy. One of the therapeutic strategies is to use small molecules to stabilize the TTR tetramer and thus curb amyloid fibril formation. Here, we report the synthesis, the in vitro evaluation of several halogen substituted 9-fluorenyl- and di-benzophenon-based ligands and their three-dimensional crystallographic analysis in complex with TTR. The synthesized compounds bind TTR and stabilize the tetramer with different potency. Of these compounds, 2c is the best inhibitor. The dual binding mode prevalent in the absence of substitutions on the fluorenyl ring, is disfavored by (2,7-dichloro-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-acetic acid (1b), (2,7-dibromo-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-acetic acid (1c) and (E/Z)-((3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-methyleneaminooxy)-acetic acid (2c), all with halogen substitutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy and.,b CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | - Armando Rossello
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | - Enrico Adriano Stura
- b CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
160
|
Repositioning tolcapone as a potent inhibitor of transthyretin amyloidogenesis and associated cellular toxicity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10787. [PMID: 26902880 PMCID: PMC4766415 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma homotetrameric protein implicated in fatal systemic amyloidoses. TTR tetramer dissociation precedes pathological TTR aggregation. Native state stabilizers are promising drugs to treat TTR amyloidoses. Here we repurpose tolcapone, an FDA-approved molecule for Parkinson's disease, as a potent TTR aggregation inhibitor. Tolcapone binds specifically to TTR in human plasma, stabilizes the native tetramer in vivo in mice and humans and inhibits TTR cytotoxicity. Crystal structures of tolcapone bound to wild-type TTR and to the V122I cardiomyopathy-associated variant show that it docks better into the TTR T4 pocket than tafamidis, so far the only drug on the market to treat TTR amyloidoses. These data indicate that tolcapone, already in clinical trials for familial amyloid polyneuropathy, is a strong candidate for therapeutic intervention in these diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system, for which no small-molecule therapy exists.
Collapse
|
161
|
Baranczak A, Kelly JW. A current pharmacologic agent versus the promise of next generation therapeutics to ameliorate protein misfolding and/or aggregation diseases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 32:10-21. [PMID: 26859714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The list of protein aggregation-associated degenerative diseases is long and growing, while the portfolio of disease-modifying strategies is very small. In this review and perspective, we assess what has worked to slow the progression of an aggregation-associated degenerative disease, covering the underlying mechanism of pharmacologic action and what we have learned about the etiology of the transthyretin amyloid diseases and likely amyloidoses in general. Next, we introduce emerging therapies that should apply more generally to protein misfolding and/or aggregation diseases, approaches that rely on adapting the protein homeostasis or proteostasis network for disease amelioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Baranczak
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Leri M, Nosi D, Natalello A, Porcari R, Ramazzotti M, Chiti F, Bellotti V, Doglia SM, Stefani M, Bucciantini M. The polyphenol Oleuropein aglycone hinders the growth of toxic transthyretin amyloid assemblies. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 30:153-66. [PMID: 27012632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is involved in a subset of familial or sporadic amyloid diseases including senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), familial amyloid polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy (FAP/FAC) for which no effective therapy has been found yet. These conditions are characterized by extracellular deposits primarily found in the heart parenchyma and in peripheral nerves whose main component are amyloid fibrils, presently considered the main culprits of cell sufferance. The latter are polymeric assemblies grown from misfolded TTR, either wt or carrying one out of many identified mutations. The recent introduction in the clinical practice of synthetic TTR-stabilizing molecules that reduce protein aggregation provides the rationale to search natural effective molecules able to interfere with TTR amyloid aggregation by hindering the appearance of toxic species or by favoring the growth of harmless aggregates. Here we carried out an in depth biophysical and morphological study on the molecular features of the aggregation of wt- and L55P-TTR involved in SSA or FAP/FAC, respectively, and on the interference with fibril aggregation, stability and toxicity to cardiac HL-1 cells to demonstrate the ability of Oleuropein aglycone (OleA), the main phenolic component of the extra virgin olive oil. We describe the molecular basis of such interference and the resulting reduction of TTR amyloid aggregate cytotoxicity. Our data offer the possibility to validate and optimize the use of OleA or its molecular scaffold to rationally design promising drugs against TTR-related pathologies that could enter a clinical experimental phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio"- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica - Università degli Studi di Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Porcari
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus University College London, NW3 2PF, London, UK.
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio"- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio"- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per lo Studio delle Malattie Neurodegenerative (CIMN), 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus University College London, NW3 2PF, London, UK; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Maria Doglia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio"- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio"- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Zou L, Zhu J, Dong Y, Han W, Guo Y, Zhou H. Models for the binding channel of wild type and mutant transthyretin with glabridin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results indicate that additional high-occupancy hydrogen bonds were observed at the binding interface between the two dimers in V30A TTR, while stabilisation hydrophobic interactions between residues in the mutant AB loop decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zou
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Jingxuan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Yang Dong
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Weiwei Han
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Yingjie Guo
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Nakagawa M, Sekijima Y, Yazaki M, Tojo K, Yoshinaga T, Doden T, Koyama J, Yanagisawa S, Ikeda SI. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a common initial symptom of systemic wild-type ATTR (ATTRwt) amyloidosis. Amyloid 2016; 23:58-63. [PMID: 26852880 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1135792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic wild-type ATTR (ATTRwt) amyloidosis is a prevalent aging-related disorder. However, a limited number of systemic ATTRwt amyloidosis patients have been diagnosed antemortem, and therefore, the prevalence of ATTRwt is underestimated. Here, we investigated clinical findings of a series of systemic ATTRwt amyloidosis patients with antemortem diagnosis. METHODS Thirty-one consecutive patients diagnosed with systemic ATTRwt amyloidosis at Shinshu University Hospital were included in this study. Systemic ATTRwt amyloidosis was diagnosed based on proven ATTR amyloid deposition in biopsy specimens and confirmation of wild-type TTR genotype. RESULTS The systemic ATTRwt amyloidosis patients consisted of 24 men and seven women, and mean age of onset was 69.8 ± 9.0 years. The most common initial symptom was carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS, 17 patients), followed by heart failure symptoms (14 patients). The mean age at diagnosis was 74.5 ± 8.3 years and the duration of illness from onset to diagnosis was 5.4 ± 4.4 years. Cardiogenic embolism and renal dysfunction are also frequently seen during the course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS CTS is the most common initial symptom of systemic ATTRwt amyloidosis. Our results suggest the possibility of systemic ATTRwt amyloidosis diagnosis at an early stage by carefully examining patients with CTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology) .,b Institute for Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masahide Yazaki
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology) .,b Institute for Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kana Tojo
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology)
| | | | - Tadashi Doden
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology)
| | - Jun Koyama
- c Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , and
| | - Shin Yanagisawa
- d Department of Radiology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ikeda
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology) .,b Institute for Biomedical Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
|
166
|
Yanagisawa A, Ueda M, Sueyoshi T, Nakamura E, Tasaki M, Suenaga G, Motokawa H, Toyoshima R, Kinoshita Y, Misumi Y, Yamashita T, Sakaguchi M, Westermark P, Mizuta H, Ando Y. Knee osteoarthritis associated with different kinds of amyloid deposits and the impact of aging on type of amyloid. Amyloid 2016; 23:26-32. [PMID: 26701417 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a protein conformational disorder in which amyloid fibrils accumulate in the extracellular space and induce organ dysfunction. Recently, two different amyloidogenic proteins, transthyretin (TTR) and apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), were identified in amyloid deposits in knee joints in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, clinicopathological differences related to those two kinds of amyloid deposits in the knee joint remain to be clarified. Here, we investigated the clinicopathological features related to these knee amyloid deposits associated with knee OA and the biochemical characteristics of the amyloid deposits. We found that all of our patients with knee OA had amyloid deposits in the knee joints, especially in the meniscus, and those deposits were primarily derived from TTR and/or Apo A-I. Some patients with knee OA, however, had unclassified amyloid deposits. One of our interesting observations concerned the different effects of aging on each type of amyloid formed. The frequency of formation of ATTR deposits clearly increased with age, but that of AApo A-I deposits decreased. Furthermore, we found that ∼16% of patients with knee OA developed ATTR/AApo A-I double deposits in the meniscus. Amyloid deposition may therefore be a common histopathological feature associated with knee OA. Also, aging may induce ATTR formation in the knee joint in elderly patients with knee OA, whereas AApo A-I formation may be inversely correlated with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yanagisawa
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan .,b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Takanao Sueyoshi
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tasaki
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Genki Suenaga
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Motokawa
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Risa Toyoshima
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yumiko Kinoshita
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yohei Misumi
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | | | - Per Westermark
- d Department of Immunology , Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Hiroshi Mizuta
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- b Department of Neurology , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Hawkins PN, Ando Y, Dispenzeri A, Gonzalez-Duarte A, Adams D, Suhr OB. Evolving landscape in the management of transthyretin amyloidosis. Ann Med 2015; 47:625-38. [PMID: 26611723 PMCID: PMC4720049 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1068949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a multisystemic, multigenotypic disease resulting from deposition of insoluble ATTR amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. Although considered rare, the prevalence of this serious disease is likely underestimated because symptoms can be non-specific and diagnosis largely relies on amyloid detection in tissue biopsies. Treatment is guided by which tissues/organs are involved, although therapeutic options are limited for patients with late-stage disease. Indeed, enthusiasm for liver transplantation for familial ATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy was dampened by poor outcomes among patients with significant neurological deficits or cardiac involvement. Hence, there remains an unmet medical need for new therapies. The TTR stabilizers tafamidis and diflunisal slow disease progression in some patients with ATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy, and the postulated synergistic effect of doxycycline and tauroursodeoxycholic acid on dissolution of amyloid is under investigation. Another therapeutic approach is to reduce production of the amyloidogenic protein, TTR. Plasma TTR concentration can be significantly reduced with ISIS-TTR(Rx), an investigational antisense oligonucleotide-based drug, or with patisiran and revusiran, which are investigational RNA interference-based therapeutics that target the liver. The evolving treatment landscape for ATTR amyloidosis brings hope for further improvements in clinical outcomes for patients with this debilitating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip N. Hawkins
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - David Adams
- National Reference Centre for FAP, APHP, CHU Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, INSERM U788, Paris, France
| | - Ole B. Suhr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Eisele YS, Monteiro C, Fearns C, Encalada SE, Wiseman RL, Powers ET, Kelly JW. Targeting protein aggregation for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:759-80. [PMID: 26338154 PMCID: PMC4628595 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of specific proteins is hypothesized to underlie several degenerative diseases, which are collectively known as amyloid disorders. However, the mechanistic connection between the process of protein aggregation and tissue degeneration is not yet fully understood. Here, we review current and emerging strategies to ameliorate aggregation-associated degenerative disorders, with a focus on disease-modifying strategies that prevent the formation of and/or eliminate protein aggregates. Persuasive pharmacological and genetic evidence now supports protein aggregation as the cause of postmitotic tissue dysfunction or loss. However, a more detailed understanding of the factors that trigger and sustain aggregate formation and of the structure-activity relationships underlying proteotoxicity is needed to develop future disease-modifying therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne S. Eisele
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Cecilia Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Colleen Fearns
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sandra E. Encalada
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Palladini G, Milani P, Merlini G. Novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:1195-211. [PMID: 26496239 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1093936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic amyloidoses are rare, complex diseases caused by misfolding of autologous protein. The presence of heart involvement is the most important prognostic determinant. The diagnosis of amyloid cardiac involvement relies on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, while scintigraphy with bone tracers is helpful in differentiating light chain amyloidosis from other types of amyloidosis involving the heart. Although these diseases are fatal, effective treatments exist that can alter their natural history, provided that they are started before irreversible cardiac damage has occurred. Refined diagnostic techniques, accurate patients' stratification based on biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction, the availability of novel, more powerful drugs, and ultimately, the unveiling of the cellular mechanisms of cardiac damage created a favorable environment for a dramatic improvement in the treatment of this disease that we expect in the next few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Palladini
- a Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- a Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- a Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Nelson LM, Penninga L, Villadsen GE, Mølgaard H, Eiskjaer H, Hillingsø JG, Rasmussen A. Outcome in patients treated with isolated liver transplantation for familial transthyretin amyloidosis to prevent cardiomyopathy. Clin Transplant 2015; 29:1098-104. [PMID: 26361241 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is caused by different TTR mutations resulting in different clinical phenotypes of the disease. The Leu111Met mutation causes severe restrictive cardiomyopathy. Liver transplantation (LTx) is an established treatment option for patients with TTR amyloidosis; however, information on outcome after isolated LTx in patients with Leu111Met mutation amyloidosis is limited. METHODS Between 2005 and 2012, six patients with TTR Leu111Met amyloidosis underwent isolated orthotopic LTx. None suffered from neuropathy. Prior to LTx, patients presented with echocardiographic manifestations of early cardiac amyloid involvement and in five endomyocardial biopsy was positive for TTR amyloid. RESULTS Median age at LTx was 45.5 yr (range 39-54), and four were male (67%). All patients were alive at a median follow-up of 56.6 months (range 18-104). No surgical complications occurred. Two patients (33%) underwent cardiac transplantation during follow-up due to progressive cardiomyopathy. The remaining four patients experienced no echocardiographic or clinical deterioration of cardiac function following LTx. CONCLUSION Isolated LTx appears to be a valuable treatment option for patients with familial TTR amyloidosis due to Leu111Met mutation. Appropriate timing of LTx is of utmost importance to avoid development of severe amyloid cardiomyopathy and the need for combined heart and liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laerke M Nelson
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luit Penninga
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerda E Villadsen
- Department of Medicine, Hepatology and Gastroenterology V, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Mølgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Skejby, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Eiskjaer
- Department of Cardiology, Skejby, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens G Hillingsø
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Rasmussen
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Florio P, Folli C, Cianci M, Del Rio D, Zanotti G, Berni R. Transthyretin Binding Heterogeneity and Anti-amyloidogenic Activity of Natural Polyphenols and Their Metabolites. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29769-80. [PMID: 26468275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.690172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic protein, the amyloidogenic potential of which is enhanced by a number of specific point mutations. The ability to inhibit TTR fibrillogenesis is known for several classes of compounds, including natural polyphenols, which protect the native state of TTR by specifically interacting with its thyroxine binding sites. Comparative analyses of the interaction and of the ability to protect the TTR native state for polyphenols, both stilbenoids and flavonoids, and some of their main metabolites have been carried out. A main finding of this investigation was the highly preferential binding of resveratrol and thyroxine, both characterized by negative binding cooperativity, to distinct sites in TTR, consistent with the data of x-ray analysis of TTR in complex with both ligands. Although revealing the ability of the two thyroxine binding sites of TTR to discriminate between different ligands, this feature has allowed us to evaluate the interactions of polyphenols with both resveratrol and thyroxine preferential binding sites, by using resveratrol and radiolabeled T4 as probes. Among flavonoids, genistein and apigenin were able to effectively displace resveratrol from its preferential binding site, whereas genistein also showed the ability to interact, albeit weakly, with the preferential thyroxine binding site. Several glucuronidated polyphenol metabolites did not exhibit significant competition for resveratrol and thyroxine preferential binding sites and lacked the ability to stabilize TTR. However, resveratrol-3-O-sulfate was able to significantly protect the protein native state. A rationale for the in vitro properties found for polyphenol metabolites was provided by x-ray analysis of their complexes with TTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Florio
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Folli
- the Department of Food Science, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Cianci
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, and
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- the Department of Food Science, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Berni
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy,
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Saelices L, Johnson LM, Liang WY, Sawaya MR, Cascio D, Ruchala P, Whitelegge J, Jiang L, Riek R, Eisenberg DS. Uncovering the Mechanism of Aggregation of Human Transthyretin. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28932-43. [PMID: 26459562 PMCID: PMC4661406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.659912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetrameric thyroxine transport protein transthyretin (TTR) forms amyloid fibrils upon dissociation and monomer unfolding. The aggregation of transthyretin has been reported as the cause of the life-threatening transthyretin amyloidosis. The standard treatment of familial cases of TTR amyloidosis has been liver transplantation. Although aggregation-preventing strategies involving ligands are known, understanding the mechanism of TTR aggregation can lead to additional inhibition approaches. Several models of TTR amyloid fibrils have been proposed, but the segments that drive aggregation of the protein have remained unknown. Here we identify β-strands F and H as necessary for TTR aggregation. Based on the crystal structures of these segments, we designed two non-natural peptide inhibitors that block aggregation. This work provides the first characterization of peptide inhibitors for TTR aggregation, establishing a novel therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Saelices
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH), Physical Chemistry, ETH Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland, and
| | - Lisa M Johnson
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570
| | - Wilson Y Liang
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570
| | - Duilio Cascio
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA and The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA and The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Lin Jiang
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570
| | - Roland Riek
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH), Physical Chemistry, ETH Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland, and
| | - David S Eisenberg
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570,
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Suhr OB, Coelho T, Buades J, Pouget J, Conceicao I, Berk J, Schmidt H, Waddington-Cruz M, Campistol JM, Bettencourt BR, Vaishnaw A, Gollob J, Adams D. Efficacy and safety of patisiran for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: a phase II multi-dose study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:109. [PMID: 26338094 PMCID: PMC4559363 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis is an inherited, progressively debilitating disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin gene. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple doses of patisiran (ALN-TTR02), a small interfering RNA encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles, in patients with transthyretin-mediated familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). METHODS In this phase II study, patients with FAP were administered 2 intravenous infusions of patisiran at one of the following doses: 0.01 (n = 4), 0.05 (n = 3), 0.15 (n = 3), or 0.3 (n = 7) mg/kg every 4 weeks (Q4W), or 0.3 mg/kg (n = 12) every 3 weeks (Q3W). RESULTS Of 29 patients in the intent-to-treat population, 26 completed the study. Administration of patisiran led to rapid, dose-dependent, and durable knockdown of transthyretin, with the maximum effect seen with patisiran 0.3 mg/kg; levels of mutant and wild-type transthyretin were reduced to a similar extent in Val30Met patients. A mean level of knockdown exceeding 85 % after the second dose, with maximum knockdown of 96 %, was observed for the Q3W dose. The most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) was mild-to-moderate infusion-related reactions in 10.3 % of patients. Four serious AEs (SAEs) were reported in 1 patient administered 0.3 mg/kg Q3W (urinary tract infection, sepsis, nausea, vomiting), and 1 patient administered 0.3 mg/kg Q4W had 1 SAE (extravasation-related cellulitis). CONCLUSIONS Patisiran was generally well tolerated and resulted in significant dose-dependent knockdown of transthyretin protein in patients with FAP. Patisiran 0.3 mg/kg Q3W is currently in phase III development. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01617967 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole B Suhr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Teresa Coelho
- Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Juan Buades
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Son Llatzer, Carretera Manacor KM, 7198, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jean Pouget
- Hôpital de La Timone, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Isabel Conceicao
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-Hospital de Santa Maria, Piso 7, Av, Prof Eqas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - John Berk
- Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, K-503, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Hartmut Schmidt
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Transplant Hepatology, Domagkstr. 3A, Munster, 48149, Germany.
| | - Márcia Waddington-Cruz
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, CEP21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Josep M Campistol
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Escalera 12 (5 Planta), C/ Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, 8036, Spain.
| | | | - Akshay Vaishnaw
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Jared Gollob
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - David Adams
- National Reference Center for FAP (NNERF)/ APHP/ INSERM U 1191/ Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78, rue du General Leclerc, 94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Sekijima Y. Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis: clinical spectrum, molecular pathogenesis and disease-modifying treatments. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:1036-43. [PMID: 25604431 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a life-threatening, gain-of-toxic-function disease characterised by extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils composed of transthyretin (TTR). TTR protein destabilised by TTR gene mutation is prone to dissociate from its native tetramer to monomer, and to then misfold and aggregate into amyloid fibrils, resulting in autosomal dominant hereditary amyloidosis, including familial amyloid polyneuropathy, familial amyloid cardiomyopathy and familial leptomeningeal amyloidosis. Analogous misfolding of wild-type TTR results in senile systemic amyloidosis, now termed wild-type ATTR amyloidosis, characterised by acquired amyloid disease in the elderly. With the availability of genetic, biochemical and immunohistochemical diagnostic tests, patients with ATTR amyloidosis have been found in many nations; however, misdiagnosis is still common and considerable time is required before correct diagnosis in many cases. The current standard first-line treatment for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis is liver transplantation, which allows suppression of the main source of variant TTR. However, large numbers of patients are not suitable transplant candidates. Recently, the clinical effects of TTR tetramer stabilisers, diflunisal and tafamidis, were demonstrated in randomised clinical trials, and tafamidis has been approved for treatment of hereditary ATTR amyloidosis in European countries and in Japan. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs for suppression of variant and wild-type TTR synthesis are promising therapeutic approaches to ameliorate ATTR amyloidosis and are currently in phase III clinical trials. These newly developed therapies are expected to be effective for not only hereditary ATTR amyloidosis but also wild-type ATTR amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Iakovleva I, Brännström K, Nilsson L, Gharibyan AL, Begum A, Anan I, Walfridsson M, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. Enthalpic Forces Correlate with the Selectivity of Transthyretin-Stabilizing Ligands in Human Plasma. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26214366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) is linked to human amyloidosis. Dissociation of its native tetrameric assembly is a rate-limiting step in the conversion from a native structure into a pathological amyloidogenic fold. Binding of small molecule ligands within the thyroxine binding site of TTR can stabilize the tetrameric integrity and is a potential therapeutic approach. However, through the characterization of nine different tetramer-stabilizing ligands we found that unspecific binding to plasma components might significantly compromise ligand efficacy. Surprisingly the binding strength between a particular ligand and TTR does not correlate well with its selectivity in plasma. However, through analysis of the thermodynamic signature using isothermal titration calorimetry we discovered a better correlation between selectivity and the enthalpic component of the interaction. This is of specific interest in the quest for more efficient TTR stabilizers, but a high selectivity is an almost universally desired feature within drug design and the finding might have wide-ranging implications for drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lina Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna L Gharibyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Intissar Anan
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Walfridsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Ciccone L, Nencetti S, Rossello A, Tepshi L, Stura EA, Orlandini E. X-ray crystal structure and activity of fluorenyl-based compounds as transthyretin fibrillogenesis inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:824-33. [PMID: 26235916 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1070265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP). Under unknown conditions, it aggregates to form fibrils associated with TTR amyloidosis. Ligands able to inhibit fibril formation have been studied by X-ray crystallography. The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) instead of ammonium sulphate or citrate has been evaluated as an alternative to obtain new TTR complexes with (R)-3-(9-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-2-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl) propionamide (48R(1)) and 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy) acetic acid (ES8(2)). The previously described fluorenyl based inhibitors (S)-3-((9H-fluoren-9-ylideneamino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (6BD) and 3-((9H-fluoren-9-ylideneamino)oxy)propanoic acid (7BD) have been re-evaluated with the changed crystallization method. The new TTR complexes with compounds of the same family show that the 9-fluorenyl motif can occupy alternative hydrophobic binding sites. This augments the potential use of this scaffold to yield a large variety of differently substituted mono-aryl compounds able to inhibit TTR fibril formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Gif-sur-Yvette , France and.,b Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | | | - Livia Tepshi
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Gif-sur-Yvette , France and.,b Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Enrico A Stura
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Gif-sur-Yvette , France and
| | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
Scala R, Maccari U, Madioni C, Venezia D, La Magra LC. Amyloidosis involving the respiratory system: 5-year's experience of a multi-disciplinary group's activity. Ann Thorac Med 2015; 10:212-6. [PMID: 26229565 PMCID: PMC4518353 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.157290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis may involve the respiratory system with different clinical-radiological-functional patterns which are not always easy to be recognized. A good level of knowledge of the disease, an active integration of the pulmonologist within a multidisciplinary setting and a high level of clinical suspicion are necessary for an early diagnosis of respiratory amyloidosis. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the number and the patterns of amyloidosis involving the respiratory system. We searched the cases of amyloidosis among patients attending the multidisciplinary rare and diffuse lung disease outpatients' clinic of Pulmonology Unit of the Hospital of Arezzo from 2007 to 2012. Among the 298 patients evaluated during the study period, we identified three cases of amyloidosis with involvement of the respiratory system, associated or not with other extra-thoracic localizations, whose diagnosis was histo-pathologically confirmed after the pulmonologist, the radiologist, and the pathologist evaluation. Our experience of a multidisciplinary team confirms that intra-thoracic amyloidosis is an uncommon disorder, representing 1.0% of the cases of rare and diffuse lung diseases referred to our center. The diagnosis of the disease is not always easy and quick as the amyloidosis may involve different parts of the respiratory system (airways, pleura, parenchyma). It is therefore recommended to remind this orphan disease in the differential diagnosis of the wide clinical scenarios the pulmonologist may intercept in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Scala
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Uberto Maccari
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Chiara Madioni
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Cianci M, Folli C, Zonta F, Florio P, Berni R, Zanotti G. Structural evidence for asymmetric ligand binding to transthyretin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1582-92. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715010585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human transthyretin (TTR) represents a notable example of an amyloidogenic protein, and several compounds that are able to stabilize its native state have been proposed as effective drugs in the therapy of TTR amyloidosis. The two thyroxine (T4) binding sites present in the TTR tetramer display negative binding cooperativity. Here, structures of TTR in complex with three natural polyphenols (pterostilbene, quercetin and apigenin) have been determined, in which this asymmetry manifests itself as the presence of a main binding site with clear ligand occupancy and related electron density and a second minor site with a much lower ligand occupancy. The results of an analysis of the structural differences between the two binding sites are consistent with such a binding asymmetry. The different ability of TTR ligands to saturate the two T4 binding sites of the tetrameric protein can be ascribed to the different affinity of ligands for the weaker binding site. In comparison, the high-affinity ligand tafamidis, co-crystallized under the same experimental conditions, was able to fully saturate the two T4 binding sites. This asymmetry is characterized by the presence of small but significant differences in the conformation of the cavity of the two binding sites. Molecular-dynamics simulations suggest the presence of even larger differences in solution. Competition binding assays carried out in solution revealed the presence of a preferential binding site in TTR for the polyphenols pterostilbene and quercetin that was different from the preferential binding site for T4. The TTR binding asymmetry could possibly be exploited for the therapy of TTR amyloidosis by using a cocktail of two drugs, each of which exhibits preferential binding for a distinct binding site, thus favouring saturation of the tetrameric protein and consequently its stabilization.
Collapse
|
179
|
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disorder of the myocardium. It is the result of one of 4 types of amyloidosis: primary systemic (immunoglobulin light chain), secondary, familial (hereditary), or senile. Cardiac amyloidosis ultimately causes congestive heart failure due to irreversible restrictive cardiomyopathy. Because of the rapid progression of the disease, early recognition and determination of underlying etiology are important for tailored therapy. Current interventions range from conservative heart failure management to autologous stem cell and heart transplantation. We present a case of cardiac amyloidosis accompanying undiagnosed multiple myeloma to illustrate the rapid progression of the disease and the complexities of diagnosing and treating this disorder.
Collapse
|
180
|
da Costa G, Ribeiro-Silva C, Ribeiro R, Gilberto S, Gomes RA, Ferreira A, Mateus É, Barroso E, Coelho AV, Freire AP, Cordeiro C. Transthyretin Amyloidosis: Chaperone Concentration Changes and Increased Proteolysis in the Pathway to Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125392. [PMID: 26147092 PMCID: PMC4492746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis is a conformational pathology characterized by the extracellular formation of amyloid deposits and the progressive impairment of the peripheral nervous system. Point mutations in this tetrameric plasma protein decrease its stability and are linked to disease onset and progression. Since non-mutated transthyretin also forms amyloid in systemic senile amyloidosis and some mutation bearers are asymptomatic throughout their lives, non-genetic factors must also be involved in transthyretin amyloidosis. We discovered, using a differential proteomics approach, that extracellular chaperones such as fibrinogen, clusterin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-anti-trypsin and 2-macroglobulin are overrepresented in transthyretin amyloidosis. Our data shows that a complex network of extracellular chaperones are over represented in human plasma and we speculate that they act synergistically to cope with amyloid prone proteins. Proteostasis may thus be as important as point mutations in transthyretin amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo da Costa
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Raquel Ribeiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Samuel Gilberto
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Gomes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Av. da República Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Ferreira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Élia Mateus
- Unidade de Transplantação, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Barroso
- Unidade de Transplantação, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana V Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Av. da República Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Ponces Freire
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Groenning M, Campos RI, Hirschberg D, Hammarström P, Vestergaard B. Considerably Unfolded Transthyretin Monomers Preceed and Exchange with Dynamically Structured Amyloid Protofibrils. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11443. [PMID: 26108284 PMCID: PMC4480009 DOI: 10.1038/srep11443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies, a detailed description of the transthyretin (TTR) self-assembly mechanism and fibril structure in TTR amyloidoses remains unresolved. Here, using a combination of primarily small -angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HXMS) analysis, we describe an unexpectedly dynamic TTR protofibril structure which exchanges protomers with highly unfolded monomers in solution. The protofibrils only grow to an approximate final size of 2,900 kDa and a length of 70 nm and a comparative HXMS analysis of native and aggregated samples revealed a much higher average solvent exposure of TTR upon fibrillation. With SAXS, we reveal the continuous presence of a considerably unfolded TTR monomer throughout the fibrillation process, and show that a considerable fraction of the fibrillating protein remains in solution even at a late maturation state. Together, these data reveal that the fibrillar state interchanges with the solution state. Accordingly, we suggest that TTR fibrillation proceeds via addition of considerably unfolded monomers, and the continuous presence of amyloidogenic structures near the protofibril surface offers a plausible explanation for secondary nucleation. We argue that the presence of such dynamic structural equilibria must impact future therapeutic development strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Groenning
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- IFM – Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Raul I. Campos
- IFM – Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hirschberg
- IFM – Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- IFM – Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bente Vestergaard
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Bekircan-Kurt CE, Güneş N, Yılmaz A, Erdem-Özdamar S, Tan E. Three Turkish families with different transthyretin mutations. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:686-92. [PMID: 26115788 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR)-related hereditary amyloidosis, also called familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), is a rare autosomal dominant systemic disorder that presents with progressive axonal sensory, autonomic and/or motor neuropathies. The present report describes three families with three different TTR mutations who were followed from 1995 to 2014. Only one of these families expressed the Val30Met mutation, which is the most common mutation in endemic regions; all members of this family had late disease onset but varied severities and clinical presentations of the disease. The second family expressed the Thr49Ser mutation, which has not been well documented previously. Our limited experience obtained from these patients indicates that this mutation presents with autonomic neuropathy but a greater degree of cardiac involvement, especially fatal heart failure. The third mutation, Glu54Lys, has been identified as a cause of severe familial amyloid polyneuropathy; the family members with this mutation exhibited severe motor and autonomic neuropathy, early vitreous opacity, and fatal heart failure. Three of the patients with the Val30Met mutation were treated with tafamidis for longer than one year and cessation of the polyneuropathy resulted. However, a short trial of tafamidis in two patients with the Glu54Lys mutation, who showed severe systemic and neurological involvement, did not gain any clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Ebru Bekircan-Kurt
- Hacettepe University Neuromuscular Disease Research Laboratory, Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nalan Güneş
- Neurology Department, Ankara Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Yılmaz
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sevim Erdem-Özdamar
- Hacettepe University Neuromuscular Disease Research Laboratory, Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersin Tan
- Hacettepe University Neuromuscular Disease Research Laboratory, Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Alshehri B, D'Souza DG, Lee JY, Petratos S, Richardson SJ. The diversity of mechanisms influenced by transthyretin in neurobiology: development, disease and endocrine disruption. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:303-23. [PMID: 25737004 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein that binds and distributes thyroid hormones (THs). TTR synthesised in the liver is secreted into the bloodstream and distributes THs around the body, whereas TTR synthesised in the choroid plexus is involved in movement of thyroxine from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid and the distribution of THs in the brain. This is important because an adequate amount of TH is required for normal development of the brain. Nevertheless, there has been heated debate on the role of TTR synthesised by the choroid plexus during the past 20 years. We present both sides of the debate and how they can be reconciled by the discovery of TH transporters. New roles for TTR have been suggested, including the promotion of neuroregeneration, protection against neurodegeneration, and involvement in schizophrenia, behaviour, memory and learning. Recently, TTR synthesis was revealed in neurones and peripheral Schwann cells. Thus, the synthesis of TTR in the central nervous system (CNS) is more extensive than previously considered and bolsters the hypothesis that TTR may play wide roles in neurobiological function. Given the high conservation of TTR structure, function and tissue specificity and timing of gene expression, this implies that TTR has a fundamental role, during development and in the adult, across vertebrates. An alarming number of 'unnatural' chemicals can bind to TTR, thus potentially interfering with its functions in the brain. One role of TTR is delivery of THs throughout the CNS. Reduced TH availability during brain development results in a reduced IQ. The combination of the newly discovered sites of TTR synthesis in the CNS, the increasing number of neurological diseases being associated with TTR, the newly discovered functions of TTR and the awareness of the chemicals that can interfere with TTR biology render this a timely review on TTR in neurobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Alshehri
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
184
|
Quantitative analysis of post-translational modifications in human serum transthyretin associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy by targeted LC-MS and intact protein MS. J Proteomics 2015; 127:234-46. [PMID: 25910794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic tetrameric protein, present in human plasma, associated with several familial amyloidoses. Variability of TTR is not only due to point mutations in the encoding gene but also to post-translational modifications (PTMs) at Cys10, being the most common PTMs the S-sulfonation, S-glycinylcysteinylation, S-cysteinylation and S-glutathionylation. It is thought that PTMs at Cys10 may play an important biological role in the onset and pathological process of the amyloidosis. We report here the development of a methodology for quantification of PTMs in serum samples, as well as for the determination of serum TTR levels, from healthy (wt) and TTR-amyloidotic (V30M mutation) individuals. It involves an enrichment step by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analysis of (i) the intact TTR protein and (ii) targeted LC-MS analysis of peptides carrying the PTMs of interest. Analysis of serum samples by the combination of the two methods affords complementary information on the relative and absolute amounts of the selected TTR PTM forms. It is shown that methods based on intact protein are biased for specific PTMs since they assume constant response factors, whereas the novel targeted LC-MS method provides absolute quantification of PTMs and total TTR variants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The study of TTR has a high clinical relevance since it is responsible for diverse familial polyneuropathies. In particular, more than 80 point mutations have been described through genetic studies. However, genetic heterogeneity alone fails to explain the diverse onset and pathological process of the TTR related amyloidosis. The use of proteomic characterization is required to gather information about the PTMs variants present in serum, which have been suggested to be relevant for the amyloidotic pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.
Collapse
|
185
|
Dwivedi AK, Gurjar V, Kumar S, Singh N. Molecular basis for nonspecificity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:863-73. [PMID: 25794602 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators by the action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is highly accredited to their recognition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Along with inflammation relief, however, NSAIDs also cause adverse effects. Although NSAIDs strongly inhibit enzymes of the prostaglandin synthesis pathways, several other proteins also serve as fairly potent targets for these drugs. Based on their recognition pattern, these receptors are categorised as enzymes modifying NSAIDs, noncatalytic proteins binding to NSAIDs and enzymes with catalytic functions that are inhibited by NSAIDs. The extensive binding of NSAIDs is responsible for their limited in vivo efficacy as well as the large spectrum of their effects. The biochemical nature of drugs binding to multiple protein targets and its implications on physiology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avaneesh K Dwivedi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India
| | - Vaishali Gurjar
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Center for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India.
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Nyström S, Hammarström P. Is the prevalent human prion protein 129M/V mutation a living fossil from a Paleolithic panzootic superprion pandemic? Prion 2015; 8:2-10. [PMID: 24398570 PMCID: PMC7030913 DOI: 10.4161/pri.27601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are consistently associated with prion protein (PrP(C)) misfolding rendering a cascade of auto-catalytic self-perpetuation of misfolded PrP in an afflicted individual. The molecular process is intriguingly similar to all known amyloid diseases both local and systemic. The prion disease is also infectious by the transfer of misfolded PrP from one individual to the next. Transmissibility is surprisingly efficient in prion diseases and given the rapid disease progression following initial symptoms the prionoses stand out from other amyloidoses, which all may be transmissible under certain circumstances. The nature of the infectious prion as well as the genotype of the host is important for transmissibility. For hitherto unexplained reasons the majority of Europeans carry a missense mutation on one or both alleles of the PrP gene (PRNP), and hence express a variant of PrP with a substitution for valine (V) instead of methionine (M) in position 129. In fact the 129M/V variant is very common in all populations except for the Japanese. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a disease rarely striking people below the age of 60, where homozygosity especially 129MM is a very strong risk factor. Paradoxically, the 129M/V polymorphism suggestive of heterozygote advantage is one of the most clear cut disease associated traits of the human population, yet prion disease is extraordinarily rare. The genetic basis for how this trait spread with such prevalence within human populations is still target to investigations and deserves attention. This short essay represents a somewhat provocative hypothetical notion of a possible ancient significance of this polymorphism.
Collapse
|
187
|
Amyloid deposits derived from transthyretin in the ligamentum flavum as related to lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:201-7. [PMID: 25189643 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a protein conformational disorder with the distinctive feature of extracellular accumulation of amyloid fibrils that come from different proteins. In the ligamentum flavum of the lumbar spine, amyloid deposits were frequently found in elderly patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis and were at least partially formed by wild-type transthyretin. However, how amyloid deposits in the ligamentum flavum affect lumbar spinal canal stenosis has remained unclear. In this study, we analyzed clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings of patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis who had amyloid deposits in the ligamentum flavum. We studied 95 ligamentum flavum specimens obtained from 56 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis and 21 ligamentum flavum specimens obtained from 19 patients with lumbar disk herniation. We evaluated histopathologic findings and clinicoradiologic manifestations, such as thickness of the ligamentum flavum and lumbar spinal segmental instability. We found that all 95 ligamentum flavum specimens resected from patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis had amyloid deposits, which we classified into two types, transthyretin-positive and transthyretin-negative, and that transthyretin amyloid formation in the ligamentum flavum of patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis was an age-associated phenomenon. The amount of amyloid in the ligamentum flavum was related to clinical manifestations of lumbar spinal canal stenosis, such as thickness of the ligamentum flavum and lumbar spinal segmental instability, in the patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis with transthyretin-positive amyloid deposits. To our knowledge, this report is the first to show clinicopathologic correlations in transthyretin amyloid deposits of the ligamentum flavum. In conclusion, transthyretin amyloid deposits in the ligamentum flavum may be related to the pathogenesis of lumbar spinal canal stenosis in elderly patients.
Collapse
|
188
|
Grimm FA, Lehmler HJ, He X, Robertson LW, Duffel MW. Modulating inhibitors of transthyretin fibrillogenesis via sulfation: polychlorinated biphenyl sulfates as models. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 228:1-8. [PMID: 25595224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that bind with high affinity to thyroxine (T4) binding sites on transthyretin (TTR) kinetically stabilize the protein's tetrameric structure, thereby efficiently decreasing the rate of tetramer dissociation in TTR related amyloidoses. Current research efforts aim to optimize the amyloid inhibiting properties of known inhibitors, such as derivatives of biphenyls, dibenzofurans and benzooxazoles, by chemical modification. In order to test the hypothesis that sulfate group substituents can improve the efficiencies of such inhibitors, we evaluated the potential of six polychlorinated biphenyl sulfates to inhibit TTR amyloid fibril formation in vitro. In addition, we determined their binding orientations and molecular interactions within the T4 binding site by molecular docking simulations. Utilizing this combined experimental and computational approach, we demonstrated that sulfation significantly improves the amyloid inhibiting properties as compared to both parent and hydroxylated PCBs. Importantly, several PCB sulfates were of equal or higher potency than some of the most effective previously described inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Grimm
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xianran He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael W Duffel
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Sekijima Y. Recent progress in the understanding and treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2015; 39:225-33. [PMID: 24749898 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Transthyretin (TTR) is a representative amyloidogenic protein in humans. Rate-limiting tetramer dissociation and rapid monomer misfolding and misassembly of variant TTR result in autosomal dominant familial amyloidosis. Analogous misfolding of wild-type TTR results in senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) presenting as sporadic amyloid disease in the elderly. The objective of this review is to summarize recent progress in our understanding and treatment of TTR amyloidosis. METHODS Literature searches were conducted on the topics of transthyretin, familial amyloid polyneuropathy and clinical trials, using PubMed, the United States clinical trials directory, pharmaceutical company websites and news reports. The information was collected, evaluated for relevance and quality, critically assessed and summarized. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The current standard first-line treatment of familial TTR amyloidosis is liver transplantation. However, large numbers of patients are not suitable transplant candidates. Recently, the clinical effects of TTR tetramer stabilizers, tafamidis and diflunisal, were demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, and tafamidis has been approved for the treatment of FAP in European countries and Japan. In addition, gene therapies with antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs are promising strategies to ameliorate TTR amyloidoses and are currently in clinical trials. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS Liver transplantation to treat the familial TTR amyloidosis will likely be replaced by other less invasive therapies, such as TTR tetramer stabilizers and possibly gene therapy approaches. These newly developed therapies are expected to be effective for not only familial TTR amyloidosis but also SSA, based on their mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology & Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Faria TQ, Almeida ZL, Cruz PF, Jesus CSH, Castanheira P, Brito RMM. A look into amyloid formation by transthyretin: aggregation pathway and a novel kinetic model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7255-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of transthyretin aggregation from acid-unfolded monomers to amyloid fibrils was studied by several biophysical techniques and may be described as a two-step process with transient accumulation of oligomeric species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Q. Faria
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Zaida L. Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Cruz
- Chemistry Department
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Catarina S. H. Jesus
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
- Chemistry Department
| | - Pedro Castanheira
- Biocant – Biotechnology Innovation Center
- Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede
- Cantanhede
- Portugal
| | - Rui M. M. Brito
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
- Chemistry Department
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Cho Y, Baranczak A, Helmke S, Teruya S, Horn EM, Maurer MS, Kelly JW. Personalized medicine approach for optimizing the dose of tafamidis to potentially ameliorate wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (cardiomyopathy). Amyloid 2015; 22:175-80. [PMID: 26193961 PMCID: PMC4549186 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1063485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Placebo-controlled clinical trials are useful for identifying the dose of a drug candidate that produces a meaningful clinical response in a patient population. Currently, Pfizer, Inc. is enrolling a 400-person clinical trial to test the efficacy of 20 or 80 mg of tafamidis to ameliorate transthyretin (TTR)-associated cardiomyopathy using clinical endpoints. Herein, we provide guidance for how to optimize the dose of tafamidis for each WT TTR cardiomyopathy patient using its mechanism of action as the key readout, i.e. we identify the dose of tafamidis that maximally kinetically stabilizes TTR in the blood. Tetramer dissociation is rate limiting for TTR aggregation, which appears to drive the pathology of the TTR amyloidoses. Hence, we measure the TTR tetramer dissociation rate (kinetic stability) in the patient's plasma as a function of tafamidis dose to optimize the dose employed to maximize kinetic stability. Historical data tell us that a subset of patients exhibiting higher tafamidis plasma concentrations are maximally kinetically stabilized at the 20-mg tafamidis dose, whereas the patient studied herein required a 60 mg once daily dose to achieve maximum kinetic stabilization. We anticipate that establishing the dose of tafamidis that achieves maximal TTR kinetic stabilization will translate into a maximal clinical effect, but that remains to be demonstrated.
Collapse
|
192
|
Westermark P. Localized Amyloidoses and Amyloidoses Associated with Aging Outside the Central Nervous System. CURRENT CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19294-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
193
|
Banerjee A, Mukhopadhyay BP. An insight to the conserved water mediated dynamics of catalytic His88 and its recognition to thyroxin and RBP binding residues in human transthyretin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1973-88. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.984632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
194
|
Sipe JD, Benson MD, Buxbaum JN, Ikeda SI, Merlini G, Saraiva MJM, Westermark P. Nomenclature 2014: Amyloid fibril proteins and clinical classification of the amyloidosis. Amyloid 2014; 21:221-4. [PMID: 25263598 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2014.964858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Sipe
- Department of Biochemistry (Retired), Boston University School of Medicine , 1 Longfellow Place, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
195
|
Gaffney PM, Barr B, Rowe JD, Bett C, Drygiannakis I, Giannitti F, Trejo M, Ghassemian M, Martin P, Masliah E, Sigurdson CJ. Protein profiling of isolated uterine AA amyloidosis causing fetal death in goats. FASEB J 2014; 29:911-9. [PMID: 25422367 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-256081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic amyloid accumulates in the CNS or in peripheral organs, yet the mechanism underlying the targeting of systemic amyloid deposits is unclear. Serum amyloid A (SAA) 1 and 2 are produced predominantly by the liver and form amyloid most commonly in the spleen, liver, and kidney. In contrast, SAA3 is produced primarily extrahepatically and has no causal link to amyloid formation. Here, we identified 8 amyloidosis cases with amyloid composed of SAA3 expanding the uterine wall of goats with near-term fetuses. Uterine amyloid accumulated in the endometrium, only at the site of placental attachment, compromising maternal-fetal gas and nutrient exchange and leading to fetal ischemia and death. No other organ contained amyloid. SAA3 mRNA levels in the uterine endometrium were as high as SAA2 in the liver, yet mass spectrometry of the insoluble uterine peptides identified SAA3 as the predominant protein, and not SAA1 or SAA2. These findings suggest that high local SAA3 production led to deposition at this unusual site. Although amyloid A (AA) amyloid deposits typically consist of an N-terminal fragment of SAA1 or SAA2, here, abundant C-terminal peptides indicated that the uterine amyloid was largely composed of full-length SAA3. The exclusive deposition of SAA3 amyloid in the uterus, together with elevated uterine SAA3 transcripts, suggests that the uterine amyloid deposits were due to locally produced SAA3. This is the first report of SAA3 as a cause of amyloidosis and of AA amyloid deposited exclusively in the uterus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Gaffney
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bradd Barr
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joan D Rowe
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cyrus Bett
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Margarita Trejo
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Patrice Martin
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christina J Sigurdson
- Departments of *Pathology, Neuroscience, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology and Population Health & Reproduction, and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; and INRA, UMR1313 Unité Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Uchiyama S, Sekijima Y, Tojo K, Sano K, Imaeda T, Moriizumi T, Ikeda SI, Kato H. Effect of synovial transthyretin amyloid deposition on preoperative symptoms and postoperative recovery of median nerve function among patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. J Orthop Sci 2014; 19:913-9. [PMID: 25146002 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-014-0635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical characteristics of wild-type transthyretin amyloid deposition among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have not been well investigated. METHODS One-hundred and seven patients with idiopathic CTS who underwent carpal tunnel release were enrolled. They underwent physical examination of the hand, nerve-conduction study, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the wrist, and completed a patient-oriented questionnaire. The tests, except for MRI, were repeated 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Synovial tissue was obtained during surgery and analyzed by Congo red and immunohistochemical staining. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the significance of different clinical and subjective findings between patients with and without amyloid deposition. Postoperative improvements were also compared. RESULTS Wild-type transthyretin amyloid deposition was observed for 38 patients. Greater symptom severity and 2-point discrimination scores, and larger cross-sectional areas of the carpal tunnel, were significantly correlated with a larger amount of preoperative amyloid deposition. However, the presence and amount of preoperative amyloid deposition did not affect postoperative improvements in physical findings and nerve-conduction studies. CONCLUSIONS Although transthyretin amyloid deposition can worsen CTS symptoms, postoperative improvements were similar for patients with and without this deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
197
|
Haupt M, Blakeley MP, Fisher SJ, Mason SA, Cooper JB, Mitchell EP, Forsyth VT. Binding site asymmetry in human transthyretin: insights from a joint neutron and X-ray crystallographic analysis using perdeuterated protein. IUCRJ 2014; 1:429-38. [PMID: 25485123 PMCID: PMC4224461 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514021113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human transthyretin has an intrinsic tendency to form amyloid fibrils and is heavily implicated in senile systemic amyloidosis. Here, detailed neutron structural studies of perdeuterated transthyretin are described. The analyses, which fully exploit the enhanced visibility of isotopically replaced hydrogen atoms, yield new information on the stability of the protein and the possible mechanisms of amyloid formation. Residue Ser117 may play a pivotal role in that a single water molecule is closely associated with the γ-hydrogen atoms in one of the binding pockets, and could be important in determining which of the two sites is available to the substrate. The hydrogen-bond network at the monomer-monomer interface is more extensive than that at the dimer-dimer interface. Additionally, the edge strands of the primary dimer are seen to be favourable for continuation of the β-sheet and the formation of an extended cross-β structure through sequential dimer couplings. It is argued that the precursor to fibril formation is the dimeric form of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Haupt
- Facility of Natural Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
| | - Matthew P. Blakeley
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
| | - Stuart J. Fisher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sax A. Mason
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
| | - Jon B. Cooper
- Division of Medicine (Royal Free Campus), University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Edward P. Mitchell
- Facility of Natural Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Partnership for Structural Biology, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
- Business Development Office, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, 38042, France
| | - V. Trevor Forsyth
- Facility of Natural Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Garcia-Pardo J, Graña-Montes R, Fernandez-Mendez M, Ruyra A, Roher N, Aviles FX, Lorenzo J, Ventura S. Amyloid formation by human carboxypeptidase D transthyretin-like domain under physiological conditions. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33783-96. [PMID: 25294878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.594804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is linked to a growing list of diseases, but it is also an intrinsic property of polypeptides, because the formation of functional globular proteins comes at the expense of an inherent aggregation propensity. Certain proteins can access aggregation-prone states from native-like conformations without the need to cross the energy barrier for unfolding. This is the case of transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric protein whose dissociation into its monomers initiates the aggregation cascade. Domains with structural homology to TTR exist in a number of proteins, including the M14B subfamily carboxypeptidases. We show here that the monomeric transthyretin-like domain of human carboxypeptidase D aggregates under close to physiological conditions into amyloid structures, with the population of folded but aggregation-prone states being controlled by the conformational stability of the domain. We thus confirm that the TTR fold keeps a generic residual aggregation propensity upon folding, resulting from the presence of preformed amyloidogenic β-strands in the native state. These structural elements should serve for functional/structural purposes, because they have not been purged out by evolution, but at the same time they put proteins like carboxypeptidase D at risk of aggregation in biological environments and thus can potentially lead to deposition diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Pardo
- From the Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departaments de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular and
| | - Ricardo Graña-Montes
- From the Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departaments de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular and
| | - Marc Fernandez-Mendez
- From the Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departaments de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular and
| | - Angels Ruyra
- From the Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina
| | - Nerea Roher
- From the Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Fisiologia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc X Aviles
- From the Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departaments de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular and
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- From the Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departaments de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular and
| | - Salvador Ventura
- From the Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departaments de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular and
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Ueda M, Ando Y. Recent advances in transthyretin amyloidosis therapy. Transl Neurodegener 2014; 3:19. [PMID: 25228988 PMCID: PMC4165622 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-3-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant (MT) forms of transthyretin (TTR) cause the most common type of autosomal-dominant hereditary systemic amyloidosis-familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). Until 20 years ago, FAP was thought to be an endemic disease, but FAP is known to occur worldwide. To date, more than 130 mutations in the TTR gene have been reported. Genotype-phenotype correlations are seen in FAP, and some variation in clinical presentation is often observed in individual kindreds with the same mutation and even among family members. Of the pathogenic TTR mutations, Val30Met was the first to be identified and is the most frequent known mutation found throughout the world. Studies of patients with FAP amyloidogenic TTR (ATTR) Val30Met documented sensorimotor polyneuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, heart and kidney failure, gastrointestinal tract (GI) disorders, and other symptoms leading to death, usually within 10 years of the onset of disease. Diagnosis is sometimes delayed, especially in patients without a clear family history and typical clinical manifestations, since diagnosis requires various studies and techniques such as histopathology, genetic testing, and mass spectrometry. For treatment of FAP, liver transplantation (LT) reportedly halts the progression of clinical manifestations. Exchange of an FAP patient's diseased liver with a healthy liver causes MT TTR in the body to be replaced by wild-type (WT) TTR. Although clinical evaluations indicated that progression of other clinical symptoms such as peripheral neuropathy, GI symptoms, and renal involvement usually halted after LT in FAP ATTR Val30Met patients, recent studies suggested that LT failed to prevent progression of cardiac amyloidosis in FAP ATTR Val30Met patients after LT, with this failure reportedly being due to continued formation of amyloid that derived mainly from WT TTR secreted from the transplanted non-mutant liver graft. In recent years, many therapeutic strategies have been proposed, and several ongoing therapeutic trials involve, for example, stabilizers of TTR tetramers (tafamidis and diflunisal) and gene therapies to suppress TTR expression (antisense methods and use of small interfering RNAs). These novel therapies may prove to prevent progression of FAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, 860-0811 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, 860-0811 Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Nakazono M, Obayashi K, Oshikawa Y, Tani K, Suenaga G, Ando Y, Nanbu S, Kuwano R. Unsymmetric indolylmaleimides: Synthesis, photophysical properties and amyloid detection. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|