151
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Arabinoxylan and Pectin Metabolism in Crohn’s Disease Microbiota: An In Silico Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137093. [PMID: 35806099 PMCID: PMC9266297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disorder including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (CD). Gut dysbiosis is often associated with CD, and metagenomics allows a better understanding of the microbial communities involved. The objective of this study was to reconstruct in silico carbohydrate metabolic capabilities from metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from healthy and CD individuals. This computational method was developed as a mean to aid rationally designed prebiotic interventions to rebalance CD dysbiosis, with a focus on metabolism of emergent prebiotics derived from arabinoxylan and pectin. Up to 1196 and 1577 MAGs were recovered from CD and healthy people, respectively. MAGs of Akkermansia muciniphila, Barnesiella viscericola DSM 18177 and Paraprevotella xylaniphila YIT 11841 showed a wide range of unique and specific enzymes acting on arabinoxylan and pectin. These glycosidases were also found in MAGs recovered from CD patients. Interestingly, these arabinoxylan and pectin degraders are predicted to exhibit metabolic interactions with other gut microbes reduced in CD. Thus, administration of arabinoxylan and pectin may ameliorate dysbiosis in CD by promoting species with key metabolic functions, capable of cross-feeding other beneficial species. These computational methods may be of special interest for the rational design of prebiotic ingredients targeting at CD.
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152
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Zhu M, Liu X, Ye Y, Yan X, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Chen F, Ling Z. Gut Microbiota: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937555. [PMID: 35812394 PMCID: PMC9263276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence, development and progression of PD. Numerous clinical trials have identified the characteristics of the changed gut microbiota profiles, and preclinical studies in PD animal models have indicated that gut dysbiosis can influence the progression and onset of PD via increasing intestinal permeability, aggravating neuroinflammation, aggregating abnormal levels of α-synuclein fibrils, increasing oxidative stress, and decreasing neurotransmitter production. The gut microbiota can be considered promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PD, which can be regulated by probiotics, psychobiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet modifications, and Chinese medicine. This review summarizes the recent studies in PD-associated gut microbiota profiles and functions, the potential roles, and mechanisms of gut microbiota in PD, and gut microbiota-targeted interventions for PD. Deciphering the underlying roles and mechanisms of the PD-associated gut microbiota will help interpret the pathogenesis of PD from new perspectives and elucidate novel therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlian Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiru Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; ; Feng Chen,
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; ; Feng Chen,
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153
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Wang X, Qi Y, Zheng H. Dietary Polyphenol, Gut Microbiota, and Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061212. [PMID: 35740109 PMCID: PMC9220293 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, have attracted tremendous attention due to their health-promoting effects, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and neuro-protective activities, as well as health properties. However, due to their complicated structures and high molecular weights, a large proportion of dietary polyphenols remain unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, while in the large intestine they are biotransformed into bioactive, low-molecular-weight phenolic metabolites through the residing gut microbiota. Dietary polyphenols can modulate the composition of intestinal microbes, and in turn, gut microbes catabolize polyphenols to release bioactive metabolites. To better investigate the health benefits of dietary polyphenols, this review provides a summary of their modulation through in vitro and in vivo evidence (animal models and humans), as well as their possible actions through intestinal barrier function and gut microbes. This review aims to provide a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and host health.
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154
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He X, Bai Y, Zhou H, Wu K. Akkermansia muciniphila Alters Gut Microbiota and Immune System to Improve Cardiovascular Diseases in Murine Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906920. [PMID: 35774450 PMCID: PMC9237526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The probiotics screened based on microbiota can effectively improve metabolism and immune function of the body, which is of great value in the field of cardiovascular disease treatment. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) refer to the lesion or injury of the abdominal aortic wall resulting in a localized bulge, which is one of the cardiovascular diseases with pulsing mass as the main clinical symptom. Previous studies have confirmed that A. muciniphila was depleted in the guts of AAA patients or mice. A. muciniphila is a potential probiotic for the treatment of intestinal microbiome-related diseases. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of A. muciniphila on gut microbiota and disease-related biomarkers in AAA mice. C57BL/6J mice were used to construct the AAA model and treated with A. muciniphila. Aortic aneurysm formation in the AAA group is associated with the increased diameter of the abdominal aorta and inflammatory infiltration. A. muciniphila inhibited the formation of AAA and repaired tissue damage. The number of gut microbiota and α diversity index were decreased in the model group. A. muciniphila increased the number of gut microbiota and α diversity in AAA mice. The abundance of uncultured bacterium and Lactobacillus were increased, while the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group was reduced in the AAA group. Compared with the control group, the levels of MMP-1, MMP-9, IL-33, CTSB, and CTSL in tissue and the levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and CRP in blood were significantly increased, and the levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A in blood were significantly decreased in the AAA group. The intervention of A. muciniphila reversed these changes. The gut microbiota function prediction showed changes in E. coli, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus metabolism-related functional pathways. Akkermansia was negatively correlated with Helicobacter and Lactobacillus and positively correlated with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Escherichia shigella at the genus level. In conclusion, A. muciniphila inhibited the formation of AAA by restoring gut microbiota diversity, altering the expression of peripheral immune factors, and the functions of E. coli, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus, which may provide a new theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyang Zhou
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kemin Wu
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Kemin Wu,
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155
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Longitudinal 16S rRNA Sequencing Reveals Relationships among Alterations of Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0004722. [PMID: 35647690 PMCID: PMC9241867 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00047-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and progressive disease spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), yet there is no effective treatment and efficient noninvasive diagnostic method for NASH. The present study investigated the longitudinal alternations of gut microbiota in the Western diet (WD) induced murine NAFLD model using 16S rRNA sequencing. Evident steatosis and inflammation were detected in the liver at the 8th and 12th week, while prompted hepatic oxidative injury and fibrosis were found at the 16th week. In this progressive process, impaired bile acid (BA) metabolism plays a vital part. Long-term WD intervention alters microbial richness and composition in the intestine, shaping characteristic microbial feature correspondence to each NAFLD stage. Descending abundances of Clostridia and Ruminococcaceae were found in NAFLD progression, while inflammation-related microbes [Eubacterium]_fissicatena_group, Romboutsia, and Erysipelatoclostridium were verified to identify borderline NASH at 8th and 12th week, and BA-associated taxa Dubosiella, Bosea, Helicobacter, and Alistipes were recognized as special symbols reflecting the state of oxidative damage and fibrosis in NASH at 16th week. Further, feces and colon abundances of Akkermansia were verified to be depleted in the process of borderline NASH progressed to NASH, and exhibited substantial correlations with NAFLD indexes ALT, AST, TC, and TBA. These characteristic taxa were effective to identify NAFLD and NASH, and microbiota-derived predictive models for NAFLD and NASH exhibited great potential (AUC 0.983 and 0.784). These findings demonstrate that a core set of gut microbiome especially BA-related taxa may be adopted as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for NAFLD and NASH. IMPORTANCE This study concentrates on longitudinal alternations of gut microbiota in NAFLD progression and discovers the interrelationships between them. These findings may uncover the role of gut microbiota in NAFLD progression and identify novel noninvasive diagnostic tools for NAFLD based on microbial biomarkers.
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156
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Yue C, Chu C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Dietary strategies to promote the abundance of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila, a focus on the effect of plant extracts. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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157
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Kim N, Lee J, Seon Song H, Joon Oh Y, Kwon MS, Yun M, Ki Lim S, Kyeong Park H, Seo Jang Y, Lee S, Choi SP, Woon Roh S, Choi HJ. Kimchi intake alleviates obesity-induced neuroinflammation by modulating the gut-brain axis. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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158
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Sun Y, Ho CT, Liu Y, Zhan S, Wu Z, Zheng X, Zhang X. The Modulatory Effect of Cyclocarya paliurus Flavonoids on Intestinal Microbiota and Hypothalamus Clock Genes in a Circadian Rhythm Disorder Mouse Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112308. [PMID: 35684108 PMCID: PMC9182649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption is detrimental and results in adverse health consequences. We used a multi-omics profiling approach to investigate the effects of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoid (CPF)-enriched diets on gut microbiota, metabolites, and hypothalamus clock genes in mice with induced circadian rhythm disruption. It was observed that CPF supplementation altered the specific composition and function of gut microbiota and metabolites induced by circadian rhythm disruption. Analysis showed that the abundance of Akkermansia increased, while the abundance of Clostridiales and Ruminiclostridium displayed a significant downward trend after the CPF intervention. Correlation analysis also revealed that these gut microbes had certain correlations with the metabolites, suggesting that CPFs help the intestinal microbiota to repair the intestinal environment and modulate the release of some beneficial metabolites. Notably, single-cell RNA-seq revealed that CPF supplementation significantly regulated the expression of genes associated with circadian rhythm, myelination, and neurodegenerative diseases. Altogether, these findings highlight that CPFs may represent a promising dietary therapeutic strategy for treating circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (C.-T.H.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shennan Zhan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China
- Correspondence: (C.-T.H.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.-T.H.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
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159
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Sasi M, Kumar S, Hasan M, S R A, Garcia-Gutierrez E, Kumari S, Prakash O, Nain L, Sachdev A, Dahuja A. Current trends in the development of soy-based foods containing probiotics and paving the path for soy-synbiotics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9995-10013. [PMID: 35611888 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the world of highly processed foods, special attention is drawn to the nutrient composition and safety of consumed food products. Foods fortified with probiotic bacteria confer beneficial effects on human health and are categorized as functional foods. The salubrious activities of probiotics include the synthesis of vital bioactives, prevention of inflammatory diseases, anticancerous, hypocholesterolemic, and antidiarrheal effects. Soy foods are exemplary delivery vehicles for probiotics and prebiotics and there are diverse strategies to enhance their functionality like employing mixed culture fermentation, engineering probiotics, and incorporating prebiotics in fermented soy foods. High potential is ascribed to the concurrent use of probiotics and prebiotics in one product, termed as "synbiotics," which implicates synergy, in which a prebiotic ingredient particularly favors the growth and activity of a probiotic micro-organism. The insights on emended bioactive profile, metabolic role, and potential health benefits of advanced soy-based probiotic and synbiotic hold a promise which can be profitably implemented to meet consumer needs. This article reviews the available knowledge about strategies to enhance the nutraceutical potential, mechanisms, and health-promoting effects of advanced soy-based probiotics. Traditional fermentation merged with diverse strategies to improve the efficiency and health benefits of probiotics considered vital, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnu Sasi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Quality and Productivity Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, India
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpitha S R
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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160
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Yin Y, Li D, Liu F, Wang X, Cui Y, Li S, Li X. The Ameliorating Effects of Apple Polyphenol Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Are SIRT1-Dependent: Evidence from Hepatic-Specific SIRT1 Heterozygous Mutant C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5579-5594. [PMID: 35485931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apple polyphenol extract (APE) has been reported to possess protective effects against hepatic steatosis. To explore whether APE-induced alleviation of hepatic steatosis is SIRT1-dependent, the present study was carried out using wild-type and hepatic SIRT1 heterozygous mutant (Sirt1+/-) C57BL/6 mice. On consideration of the sex disparity related to hepatic steatosis morbidity, both male and female mice were included in the study. Six to eight week old mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) wild-type mice (wt+HFD), (2) Sirt1+/- mice (Sirt1+/-+HFD), and (3) Sirt1+/- mice with 500 mg/(kg·bw·d) APE intragastric administration (Sirt1+/-+HAP). HFD-induced weight gain and triglyceride accumulation was more prominent in Sirt1+/- mice in comparison to wild-type mice. Following APE treatment, these effects were significantly reduced along with the alleviation of hepatic steatosis via upregulated expression of SIRT1 at the protein and mRNA levels in both male and female mice. However, APE differentially regulated the genes related to lipid metabolism (Lkb1, Ampk, Hsl, Srebp-1c, Abcg1, and Cd36) in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, APE treatment altered gut microbiota composition, with an increased relative abundance of Akkermansia and a decreased Firmicutes/Bacterodetes ratio. Thus, our study provided new evidence supporting our hypothesis that APE-induced alleviation of hepatic steatosis is SIRT1-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Deming Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilan Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
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161
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Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is a commensal bacterium using mucin as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. A. muciniphila is a promising candidate for next-generation probiotics to prevent inflammatory and metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity, and to increase the response to cancer immunotherapy. In this study, a comparative pan-genome analysis was conducted to investigate the genomic diversity and evolutionary relationships between complete genomes of 27 A. muciniphila strains, including KGMB strains isolated from healthy Koreans. The analysis showed that A. muciniphila strains formed two clades of group A and B in a phylogenetic tree constructed using 1,219 orthologous single-copy core genes. Interestingly, group A comprised of strains from human feces in Korea, whereas most of group B comprised strains from human feces in Europe and China, and from mouse feces. As group A and B branched, mucin hydrolysis played an important role in the stability of the core genome and drove evolution in the direction of defense against invading pathogens, survival in, and colonization in the mucus layer. In addition, WapA and anSME, which function in competition and post-translational modification of sulfatase, respectively, have been a particularly important selective pressure in the evolution of group A. KGMB strains in group A with anSME gene showed sulfatase activity, but KCTC 15667T in group B without anSME did not. Our findings revealed that KGMB strains evolved to gain an edge in the competition with other gut bacteria by increasing the utilization of sulfated mucin, which will allow it to become highly colonized in the gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Kang
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea,CONTACT Jung-Sook Lee Korean Collection for Type Cultures,Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si56212Republic of Korea
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162
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Wang T, Hu L, Lu J, Xiao M, Liu J, Xia H, Lu H. Functional metabolomics revealed functional metabolic-characteristics of chronic hepatitis that is significantly differentiated from acute hepatitis in mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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163
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Intestinal ELF4 Deletion Exacerbates Alcoholic Liver Disease by Disrupting Gut Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094825. [PMID: 35563234 PMCID: PMC9102452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is characterized by intestinal barrier disruption and gut dysbiosis. Dysfunction of E74-like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4) leads to colitis. We aimed to test the hypothesis that intestinal ELF4 plays a critical role in maintaining the normal function of intestinal barrier and gut homeostasis in a mouse model of ALD. Intestinal ELF4 deficiency resulted in dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Elf4−/− mice exhibited gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis with the characteristic of a larger proportion of Proteobacteria. The LPS increased in Elf4−/− mice and was the most important differential metabolite between Elf4−/− mice and WT mice. Alcohol exposure increased liver-to-body weight ratio, and hepatic inflammation response and steatosis in WT mice. These deleterious effects were exaggerated in Elf4−/− mice. Alcohol exposure significantly increased serum levels of TG, ALT, and AST in Elf4−/− mice but not in WT mice. In addition, alcohol exposure resulted in enriched expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism and lipid metabolism in livers from Elf4−/− mice. 16S rRNA sequencing showed a decrease abundance of Akkermansia and Bilophila in Elf4−/− mice. In conclusion, intestinal ELF4 is an important host protective factor in maintaining gut homeostasis and alleviating alcohol exposure-induced hepatic steatosis and injury.
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164
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Li N, Liu X, Zhang J, Lang YZ, Lu L, Mi J, Cao YL, Yan YM, Ran LW. Preventive Effects of Anthocyanins from Lyciumruthenicum Murray in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Are Related to the Regulation of Intestinal Microbiota and Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072141. [PMID: 35408540 PMCID: PMC9000451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyciumruthenicum Murray (L. ruthenicum) has been used both as traditional Chinese medicine and food. Recent studies indicated that anthocyanins are the most abundant bioactive compounds in the L. ruthenicum fruits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects and the mechanism of the anthocycanins from the fruit of L. ruthenicum (ACN) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In total, 24 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control group (fed a normal diet), high-fat diet group (fed a high-fat diet, HFD), and HFD +ACN group (fed a high-fat diet and drinking distilled water that contained 0.8% crude extract of ACN). The results showed that ACN could significantly reduce the body weight, inhibit lipid accumulation in liver and white adipose tissue, and lower the serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to that of mice fed a high-fat diet. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA demonstrated that ACN prevent obesity by enhancing the diversity of cecal bacterial communities, lowering the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio, increasing the genera Akkermansia, and decreasing the genera Faecalibaculum. We also studied the inhibitory effect of ACN on pancreatic lipase. The results showed that ACN has a high affinity for pancreatic lipase and inhibits the activity of pancreatic lipase, with IC50 values of 1.80 (main compound anthocyanin) and 3.03 mg/mL (crude extract), in a competitive way. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy studies showed that ACN can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of pancreatic lipase via a static mechanism. Taken together, these findings suggest that the anthocyanins from L. ruthenicum fruits could have preventive effects in high-fat-diet induced obese mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota and inhibiting the pancreatic lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (N.L.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.)
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (N.L.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (N.L.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.)
| | - Yan-Zhi Lang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (N.L.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.)
| | - Lu Lu
- Goji Berry Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (L.L.); (J.M.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Jia Mi
- Goji Berry Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (L.L.); (J.M.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - You-Long Cao
- Goji Berry Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (L.L.); (J.M.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ya-Mei Yan
- Goji Berry Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (L.L.); (J.M.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.Y.); (L.-W.R.); Tel.: +86-0951-688-6783 (Y.-M.Y.); +86-0951-698-0195 (L.-W.R.)
| | - Lin-Wu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (N.L.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.)
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.Y.); (L.-W.R.); Tel.: +86-0951-688-6783 (Y.-M.Y.); +86-0951-698-0195 (L.-W.R.)
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Yang X, Yang J, Ye Z, Zhang G, Nie W, Cheng H, Peng M, Zhang K, Liu J, Zhang Z, Shi J. Physiologically Inspired Mucin Coated Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Enhances Biotherapy by Regulating the Pathological Microenvironment to Improve Intestinal Colonization. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4041-4058. [PMID: 35230097 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of probiotics to the microbiota is a promising method to prevent and treat diseases. However, oral probiotics will suffer from gastrointestinal insults, especially the pathological microenvironment of inflammatory diseases such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the exhausted mucus layer, which can limit their survival and colonization in the intestinal tract. Inspired by the fact that probiotics colonized and grew in the mucus layer under physiological conditions, we developed a strategy for a super probiotic (EcN@TA-Ca2+@Mucin) coated with tannic acid and mucin via layer-by-layer technology. We demonstrated that mucin endows probiotics with superior resistance to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and with strong adhesiveness to the intestine through its interaction with mucus, which enhanced colonization and growth of probiotics in the mucus layer without removing the coating. Moreover, EcN@TA-Ca2+@Mucin can distinctly down-regulate inflammation with ROS scavenging and reduce the side effects of bacterial translocation in inflammatory bowel diseases, increasing the abundance and diversity of the gut microflora. We envision that it is a powerful platform to improve the colonization of probiotics by regulating the pathological microenvironment, which is expected to provide an important perspective for applying the intestinal colonization of probiotics to treat a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zihan Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Weimin Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hui Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases has become a severe public health problem. Gut microbiota play important roles in maintaining human health by modulating the host's metabolism. Recent evidences demonstrate that Akkermansia muciniphila is effective in improving metabolic disorders and is thus considered as a promising "next-generation beneficial microbe". In addition to the live A. muciniphila, similar or even stronger beneficial effects have been observed in pasteurized A. muciniphila and its components, including the outer membrane protein Amuc_1100, A. muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs), and secreted protein P9. Hence, this paper presents a systemic review of recent progress in the effects and mechanisms of A. muciniphila and its components in the treatment of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as perspectives on its future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Lili Sheng
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Houkai Li Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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167
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Liu L, Zhao Y, Wang X. Gut Microbiota Alteration Is Associated With Cognitive Deficits in Genetically Diabetic (Db/db) Mice During Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:815562. [PMID: 35153726 PMCID: PMC8826473 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.815562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the microbiota may be implicated in diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive dysfunction during the progression of type 2 diabetes remains elusive. We used 16S rRNA sequencing combined with conventional behavioral tests to explore the longitudinal changes of gut microbiota and cognition in diabetic db/db mice (leptin receptor knockout mice) and their wild-type littermates at different ages. Prussian blue staining was performed to detect the microhemorrhage in the brain, and immunofluorescent study was applied to analyze microglia activation. Moreover, a Meso Scale Discovery kit was used to determine the cytokine levels in the brain. Db/db mice exhibited age dependent pathological characteristics, including cognitive deficits, neuron damage, spontaneous hemorrhages and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we observed that the diversity and composition of gut microbiota significantly differed between the wild-type and db/db mice during aging. We found that compared to age-matched wild-type mice, genus Helicobacter was significant higher in db/db mice at 18 and 26 weeks. Correlation analysis revealed that Helicobacter is positively associated with Iba-1 positive cells and TNF-α expression. Collectively, our longitudinal study suggests that diabetic cognitive impairment during aging is associated with abnormal gut microbiota composition, which may play a role in the regulation of neuroinflammation.
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168
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Yan X, Han W, Jin X, Sun Y, Gao J, Yu X, Guo J. Study on the effect of koumiss on the intestinal microbiota of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1271. [PMID: 35075239 PMCID: PMC8786867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide food-borne parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. To date, there are no effective drugs to prevent or eradicate T. gondii infection. Recent studies have shown that probiotics could influence the relationship between the microbiota and parasites in the host. Koumiss has been used to treat many diseases based on its probiotic diversity. Therefore, we explored the effect of koumiss on T. gondii infection via its effect on the host intestinal microbiota. BALB/c mice were infected with T. gondii and treated with PBS, koumiss and mares' milk. Brain cysts were counted, and long-term changes in the microbiota and the effect of koumiss on gut microbiota were investigated with high-throughput sequencing technology. The results suggested that koumiss treatment significantly decreased the cyst counts in the brain (P < 0.05). Moreover, T. gondii infection changed the microbiota composition, and koumiss treatment increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia muciniphila, which were associated with preventing T. gondii infection. Moreover, koumiss could inhibit or ameliorate T. gondii infection by increasing the abundance of certain bacteria that control unique metabolic pathways. The study not only established a close interaction among the host, intracellular pathogens and intestinal microbiota but also provided a novel focus for drug development to prevent and eradicate T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Yan
- Food Science and Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Wenying Han
- Food Science and Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xindong Jin
- Food Science and Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- Food Science and Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jialu Gao
- Food Science and Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xiuli Yu
- Food Science and Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Food Science and Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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169
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Hua Q, Han Y, Zhao H, Zhang H, Yan B, Pei S, He X, Li Y, Meng X, Chen L, Zhong F, Li D. Punicalagin alleviates renal injury via the gut-kidney axis in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:867-879. [PMID: 34989745 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic renal injury was associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Punicalagin (PU) from pomegranates potentially impacts the microbial ecosystem, intestinal barrier, and renal function. Therefore, we hypothesized that PU may improve diabetic renal injury by modulating the gut-kidney axis. The present study evaluated the effect of PU on the gut-kidney axis and kidney function in a diabetic renal injury mouse model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were fed a HFD without PU or with at doses of 50 and 100 mg kg-1 d-1 for 8 weeks. Targeted metabolomics by GC-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing were implemented to determine short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbes. Further RNA sequencing analyses were performed to determine which differentially expressed genes were changed by PU. Compared with the DM model group, PU supplementation improved diabetic renal injury, ameliorated kidney architecture and function, and reshaped gut microbial ecology. Additionally, PU reversed HFD-induced gut barrier dysfunction, promoted cecal SCFA concentrations and inhibited serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. Moreover, correlation analysis found that cecal SCFAs were significantly negatively correlated with inflammation-related genes in the kidney. The present results indicated that PU, a promising bioactive polyphenol, successfully improved diabetic renal injury, most likely through the gut-kidney axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Hua
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaling Han
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Yan
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengjie Pei
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin He
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyuan Meng
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Zhong
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duo Li
- School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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170
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Native and Engineered Probiotics: Promising Agents against Related Systemic and Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020594. [PMID: 35054790 PMCID: PMC8775704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is a dynamic balance involving the interaction between the host intestinal mucosa, immune barrier, intestinal microecology, nutrients, and metabolites. Once homeostasis is out of balance, it will increase the risk of intestinal diseases and is also closely associated with some systemic diseases. Probiotics (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium butyricum, lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp.), maintaining the gut homeostasis through direct interaction with the intestine, can also exist as a specific agent to prevent, alleviate, or cure intestinal-related diseases. With genetic engineering technology advancing, probiotics can also show targeted therapeutic properties. The aims of this review are to summarize the roles of potential native and engineered probiotics in oncology, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity, discussing the therapeutic applications of these probiotics.
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171
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Zou Y, Song X, Liu N, Sun W, Liu B. Intestinal Flora: A Potential New Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:753-772. [PMID: 35656118 PMCID: PMC9116925 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in reducing the burden of the disease by preventing the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), potential risk factors still exist and lead to its progression. In recent years, numerous studies have revealed that intestinal flora can interfere with the physiological processes of the host through changes in composition and function or related metabolites. Intestinal flora thus affects the occurrence and development of a variety of CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Moreover, studies have found that interventions for intestinal flora and its metabolites provide new opportunities for CVD treatment. This article mainly discusses the interaction between the human intestinal flora and its metabolites, the occurrence and development of CVD, and the potential of intestinal flora as a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Sun
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sun Wei () and Bin Liu (), Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sun Wei () and Bin Liu (), Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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172
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Yang WY, Chou CH, Wang C. The Effects of Feed Supplementing Akkemansia muciniphila on Incidence, Severity, and Gut Microbiota of Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101751. [PMID: 35240353 PMCID: PMC8889413 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) is a mucin-degrading anaerobe, exerting beneficial effects on gut integrity improvement, inflammatory alleviation, and metabolic regulations in humans. Excess amounts of mucin and mucogenesis in the gut facilitate the development of necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral inoculation of AM on NE prevention and gut modulation in a NE-reproduced model coinfecting with Clostridium perfringens (CP) and Eimeria parasites. A total of 105 commercial 1-day-old broilers were randomly allocated into 5 groups, respectively challenged with Eimeria (Eimeria group), Eimeria and CP (Eimeria+CP group), Eimeria and CP with AM (Eimeria+CP+AM group), Eimeria and AM (Eimeria+AM group), and a placebo (Noninfected group). The treatment of AM exhibited a low degree of amelioration on NE severity. The application neither protected broilers from NE by decreasing NE-positive numbers nor reached a significant reduction in lesion scores in the small intestines. The development of NE reduced species diversity in jejunal microbiota; the pretreatments of AM exacerbated the consequence by losing species richness and promoted the similarity of the jejunal microbial community presented in the Eimeria+CP group. The participation of AM enhanced the increments of genera Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Escherichia_Shigella and decreased the number of Lactobacillus. The significant variations of genera Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Lactobacillus in jejunal microbiota were associated with NE development and promotion. In conclusion, oral inoculation of AM promoted the development of NE and modulated the jejunal microbiota favorable for CP overgrowth in broilers. The application of AM as a probiotic in broilers should be cautious on account of the effects to predispose NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chinling Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
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173
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Li Y, Shao L, Mou Y, Zhang Y, Ping Y. Sleep, circadian rhythm and gut microbiota: alterations in Alzheimer's disease and their potential links in the pathogenesis. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1957407. [PMID: 34520319 PMCID: PMC8463034 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1957407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRATCIn recent years, emerging studies have observed gut microbiota (GM) alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), even in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Further, impaired sleep and circadian patterns are common symptoms of AD, while sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) is associated with greater β-amyloid (Aβ) burden and AD risk, sometimes years before the clinical onset of AD. Moreover, reports have demonstrated that GM and its metabolites exhibit diurnal rhythmicity and the role of SCRD in dampening the GM rhythmicity and eubiosis. This review will provide an evaluation of clinical and animal studies describing GM alterations in distinct conditions, including AD, sleep and circadian disruption. It aims to identify the overlapping and distinctive GM alterations in these conditions and their contributions to pathophysiology. Although most studies are observational and use different methodologies, data indicate partial commonalities in GM alterations and unanimity at functional level. Finally, we discuss the possible interactions between SCRD and GM in AD pathogenesis, as well as several methodological improvements that are necessary for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lingzhan Shao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Mou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Ping
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Yong Ping Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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174
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Kumari M, Singh P, Nataraj BH, Kokkiligadda A, Naithani H, Azmal Ali S, Behare PV, Nagpal R. Fostering next-generation probiotics in human gut by targeted dietary modulation: An emerging perspective. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110716. [PMID: 34865747 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence and an in-depth understanding of the microbiome have helped in identifying beneficial commensals and their therapeutic potentials. Specific commensal taxa/ strains of the human gut microbiome have been positively associated with human health and recently termed as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Of these, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus bromii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Anaerobutyricum hallii, and Roseburia intestinalis are the five most relevant gut-derived NGPs that have demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing metabolic diseases. Specific and natural dietary interventions can modulate the abundance and activity of these beneficial bacteria in the gut. Hence, the understanding of targeted stimulation of specific NGP by specific probiotic-targeted diets (PTD) is indispensable for the rational application of their combination. The supplementation of NGP with its specific PTD will help the strain(s) to compete with harmful microbes and acquire its niche. This combination would enhance the effectiveness of NGPs to be used as "live biotherapeutic products" or food nutraceuticals. Under the current milieu, we review various PTDs that influence the abundance of specific potential NGPs, and contemplates potential interactions between diet, microbes, and their effects on host health. Taking into account the study mentioned, we propose that combining NGPs will provide an alternate solution for developing the new diet in conjunction with PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Kumari
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Singh
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Basavaprabhu H Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anusha Kokkiligadda
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Harshita Naithani
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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175
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Li Y, Zhao D, Qian M, Liu J, Pan C, Zhang X, Duan X, Zhang Y, Jia W, Wang L. Amlodipine, an anti-hypertensive drug, alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2054-2077. [PMID: 34862599 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a severe public health problem. It often coexists with hypertension in the context of metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigated the effects of amlodipine on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease combined with hypertension and the underlying mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH mice were fed with high-fat diet and 0.05% N-Nitro-L-arginine methylester sterile water to induce NAFLD with hypertension. Gut microbiota composition and function were assessed by 16S ribosomal DNA and metagenomic sequencing. Untargeted metabolome profiles were applied to identify differential metabolites in mice cecum. KEY RESULTS Amlodipine besylate (AB) and amlodipine aspartate (AA) significantly decreased liver injury, hepatic steatosis and improved lipid metabolism with a concomitant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes in mice with NAFLD and hypertension. Mechanistically, AA and AB have potential in restoring intestinal barrier integrity and improving antimicrobial defense along with the elevated abundances of Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Lactobacillus. Noteworthily, the gut microbiota in AB and AA-treated mice had higher abundance of functional genes involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Consistently, the strengthened taurine and hypotaurine metabolism was confirmed by the untargeted metabolome analysis. Based on the correlation and causal analysis, the altered gut microbiota composition and the enhancement of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism may synergistically decreased ALT, liver triglycerides, lipogenic genes and plasma cholesterol in HFD-fed hypertensive mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, AA and AB exert multi-factorial improvements in NAFLD and hypertension by modulating gut microbiota, and may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minyi Qian
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyue Pan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xubin Duan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxin Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lirui Wang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Huang Y, Fan S, Lu G, Sun N, Wang R, Lu C, Han J, Zhou J, Li Y, Ming T, Su X. Systematic investigation of the amino acid profiles that are correlated with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity: Effects, mechanism and applications in protein source screening. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:326-336. [PMID: 34748910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dipeptide amino acid profiles correlated with xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity and guide screening to determine suitable sources for XOD inhibitor protein hydrolysate preparation. The XOD inhibitory activities of 400 dipeptides were predicted via molecular docking and measured in vitro, and amino acids containing aromatic structures and charged residues were correlated with high XOD inhibitory properties. Subsequently, the effects of Cys-Glu and Lys-Glu, which showed the highest in vitro activities, were examined in hyperuricaemic mice, and were found to alleviate hyperuricaemia and modulate the gut microbiota. Furthermore, a suitable protein from Oreochromis mossambicus with high contents of charged (8.6%) and aromatic (1.67%) amino acids was screened, and the in vitro inhibitory rates of protein hydrolysate prepared from O. mossambicus against XOD were found to be 21.90% and 44.51% at 40 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. This study provides a strategy for screening protein hydrolysate sources with certain activities based on amino acid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoding Lu
- Ningbo Green-Health Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Na Sun
- Ningbo Green-Health Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tinghong Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Peng X, Hao M, Zhao Y, Cai Y, Chen X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Dong L, Liu X, Ding C, Liu W, Yang M, Luo Y. Red ginseng has stronger anti-aging effects compared to ginseng possibly due to its regulation of oxidative stress and the gut microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153772. [PMID: 34753028 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng (PG) and red ginseng (RG) are considered to be effective anti-aging treatments. However, evidence of their therapeutic mechanisms and difference in anti-aging effects is lacking. PURPOSE To explore the potential therapeutic mechanisms of RG and PG in brain damage in D-Gal-induced aging mice, and evaluate the difference in anti-aging effects caused by their compositional differences. METHODS We first tested the chemical components in PG and RG. In D-Gal aging mouse model, RG and PG (800 mg/kg) were orally administered for 9 weeks. The mice performed the Radial Arm Maze (RAM) behavior test. We collected blood, brain tissue, and fecal samples and performed biochemical analysis, histological examination, western blot, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis. RESULTS The results of component analysis showed that the total polyphenols and rare ginsenosides were present in RG in 3.2, and 2.2 fold greater concentrations, respectively, compared to PG, while the proportion of non-starch polysaccharides in the crude polysaccharides of RG was 1.94 fold greater than that of PG. In D-Gal-induced aging mice, both PG and RG could prevent the increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and improved the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the serum. Meanwhile, both PG and RG could ameliorate brain tissue architecture and behavioral trial. In addition, the D-Gal-induced translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as activation of the pro-apoptotic factors Caspase-3 and the PI3K/Akt pathways were inhibited by PG and RG. Overall, both PG and RG exerted anti-aging effects, with RG stronger than PG. Finally, although both PG and RG regulated the diversity of gut microbes, RG appeared to aggravate the increase in probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermania, and the decrease in inflammatory bacteria to a greater extent compared to PG. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that RG is more conducive to delay the D-Gal-induced aging process than PG, with possible mechanisms including beneficial changes in brain structure, cognitive functions, oxidative stress inhibition, and gut microbiome structure and diversity than PG, These mechanisms may rely on the presence of more total polyphenols, rare ginsenosides and non-starch polysaccharides in RG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Peng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingqian Hao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ling Dong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Yunqing Luo
- Jilin Institute of Bioloy, Changchun 130012, China
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178
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Shen W, Wang Y, Shao W, Wang Q, Jiang Z, Hu H. Dietary plant sterols prevented cholesterol gallstone formation in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11829-11837. [PMID: 34787152 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease is a common global condition. This study investigated the role of plant sterols (PS) in the prevention of gallstone formation and the underlying mechanisms. Adult male mice were fed a lithogenic diet (LD) alone or supplemented with PS (LD-ps), phospholipids (LD-pl) or both PS and phospholipids (LD-ps/pl) for 8 weeks. Incidences of gallstone formation were compared among the groups. Lipids in the bile, liver and serum were analyzed. The expression of genes involved in cholesterol absorption, transport and metabolism in the liver and small intestine was determined. The incidences of gallstone formation were 100% (10/10), 20% (2/10), 100% (10/10) and 40% (4/10) in the LD, LD-ps, LD-pl and LD-ps/pl groups, respectively. Serum cholesterol and intestinal cholesterol absorption were decreased in PS-supplemented mice. The expression of genes related to cholesterol transport and metabolism in the liver was down-regulated by dietary PS. PS supplementation decreased Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 expression in the small intestine and reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption. Our results demonstrated that PS could inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption and thus prevent cholesterol gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Shen
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China
| | - Wentao Shao
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China.
| | - Qihan Wang
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China.
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China.
| | - Hai Hu
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China.
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Hu X, Fan Y, Li H, Zhou R, Zhao X, Sun Y, Zhang S. Impacts of Cigarette Smoking Status on Metabolomic and Gut Microbiota Profile in Male Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Multi-Omics Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:766739. [PMID: 34778417 PMCID: PMC8581230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.766739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking has been considered a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Changes in gut microbiota and microbe-derived metabolites have been shown to influence atherosclerotic pathogenesis. However, the effect of cigarette smoking on the gut microbiome and serum metabolites in CAD remains unclear. Method: We profiled the gut microbiota and serum metabolites of 113 male participants with diagnosed CAD including 46 current smokers, 34 former smokers, and 33 never smokers by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics study. A follow-up study was conducted. PICRUSt2 was used for metagenomic functional prediction of important bacterial taxa. Results: In the analysis of the microbial composition, the current smokers were characterized with depleted Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Akkermansia muciniphila, and enriched Enterococcus faecium, Haemophilus parainfluenzae compared with the former and never smokers. In the untargeted serum metabolomic study, we observed and annotated 304 discriminant metabolites, uniquely including ceramides, acyl carnitines, and glycerophospholipids. Pathway analysis revealed a significantly changed sphingolipids metabolism related to cigarette smoking. However, the change of the majority of the discriminant metabolites is possibly reversible after smoking cessation. While performing PICRUSt2 metagenomic prediction, several key enzymes (wbpA, nadM) were identified to possibly explain the cross talk between gut microbiota and metabolomic changes associated with smoking. Moreover, the multi-omics analysis revealed that specific changes in bacterial taxa were associated with disease severity or outcomes by mediating metabolites such as glycerophospholipids. Conclusions: Our results indicated that both the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile of current smokers are different from that of never smokers. The present study may provide new insights into understanding the heterogenic influences of cigarette smoking on atherosclerotic pathogenesis by modulating gut microbiota as well as circulating metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueshen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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180
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Jiang Z, Li W, Su W, Wen C, Gong T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jin M, Lu Z. Protective Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 40 Against Clostridium perfringens Infection in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:733591. [PMID: 34746206 PMCID: PMC8566672 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA40) against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) infection in mice. Bacillus subtilis PB6 was utilized as a positive control to compare the protective effects of BA40. In general, a total of 24 5-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups, with six mice each. The BA40 and PB6 groups were orally dosed with resuspension bacteria (1 × 109 CFU/ml) once a day, from day 1 to 13, respectively. In the control and infected groups, the mice were orally pre-treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (200 μl/day). The mice in the infected groups, PB6 + infected group and BA40 + infected group, were orally challenged with C. perfringens type A (1 × 109 CFU/ml) on day 11, whereas the control group was orally dosed with PBS (200 μl/day). The results showed that the BA40 group ameliorated intestinal structure damage caused by the C. perfringens infection. Furthermore, the inflammatory responses detected in the infected groups which include the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum and secretory immunoglobulin (SigA) in the colon, and nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in the jejunum, were also alleviated (P < 0.05) by BA40 treatment. Similarly, cytokines were also detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, and the results were consistent with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Additionally, in the infected group, the mRNA expression of Bax and p53 was increasing and the Bcl-2 expression was decreasing, which was reversed by BA40 and PB6 treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by the C. perfringens infection was restored by the BA40 pre-treatment, especially by improving the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota (P < 0.05) and decreasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) in the phyla level, and the infected group increased the relative abundance of some pathogens, such as Bacteroides and Staphylococcus (P < 0.05) in the genus level. The gut microbiota alterations in the BA40 group also influenced the metabolic pathways, and the results were also compared. The purine metabolism, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly changed (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that BA40 can effectively protect mice from C. perfringens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Barone M, D'Amico F, Fabbrini M, Rampelli S, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Over-feeding the gut microbiome: A scoping review on health implications and therapeutic perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7041-7064. [PMID: 34887627 PMCID: PMC8613651 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i41.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has gained increasing attention over the past two decades. Several findings have shown that this complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem can contribute to the maintenance of host health or, when subject to imbalances, to the pathogenesis of various enteric and non-enteric diseases. This scoping review summarizes the current knowledge on how the gut microbiota and microbially-derived compounds affect host metabolism, especially in the context of obesity and related disorders. Examples of microbiome-based targeted intervention strategies that aim to restore and maintain an eubiotic layout are then discussed. Adjuvant therapeutic interventions to alleviate obesity and associated comorbidities are traditionally based on diet modulation and the supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics. However, these approaches have shown only moderate ability to induce sustained changes in the gut microbial ecosystem, making the development of innovative and tailored microbiome-based intervention strategies of utmost importance in clinical practice. In this regard, the administration of next-generation probiotics and engineered microbiomes has shown promising results, together with more radical intervention strategies based on the replacement of the dysbiotic ecosystem by means of fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors or with the introduction of synthetic communities specifically designed to achieve the desired therapeutic outcome. Finally, we provide a perspective for future translational investigations through the implementation of bioinformatics approaches, including machine and deep learning, to predict health risks and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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Liu J, Liu L, Zhang G, Peng X. Poria cocos polysaccharides attenuate chronic nonbacterial prostatitis by targeting the gut microbiota: Comparative study of Poria cocos polysaccharides and finasteride in treating chronic prostatitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:346-355. [PMID: 34428489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Finasteride is an antiandrogenic drug used for the clinical treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP). Recently, we reported the anti-CNP activity of Poria cocos polysaccharides (PPs) in a rat model. In this study, we compared the differences between PPs and finasteride in treating CNP, especially their effects on the gut microbiota. Results showed that both PPs and finasteride significantly reduced the prostate weight and prostate index of CNP rats, and improved the histological damages in the inflamed prostate. Moreover, PPs and finasteride inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-8) and androgens (dihydrotestosterone and testosterone). By 16S rDNA sequencing, PPs and finasteride were found to reprogram the gut microbiota into distinct profiles. Further analysis presented that PPs but not finasteride recovered CNP-induced changes in the gut microbiota, including Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, uncultured bacterium f Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium 9, Phascolarctobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002 and Oribacterium. LDA effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that PPs recovered the gut microbiota by targeting Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group. Our results suggested that PPs alleviated CNP via different mechanisms from finasteride, especially by regulating the gut microbiota, which offers therapeutic target for the treatment of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
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Keshavarz Azizi Raftar S, Ashrafian F, Yadegar A, Lari A, Moradi HR, Shahriary A, Azimirad M, Alavifard H, Mohsenifar Z, Davari M, Vaziri F, Moshiri A, Siadat SD, Zali MR. The Protective Effects of Live and Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Extracellular Vesicles against HFD/CCl4-Induced Liver Injury. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0048421. [PMID: 34549998 PMCID: PMC8557882 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00484-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila, as a member of the gut microbiota, has been proposed as a next-generation probiotic. Liver fibrosis is the main determinant of liver dysfunction and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the beneficial effects of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the prevention of liver fibrosis. The response of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its EVs was examined in quiescent, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated LX-2 cells. Liver fibrosis was induced in 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice, using a high-fat diet (HFD) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration for 4 weeks. The mice were concomitantly treated via oral gavage with three forms of bacteria. The relative expression of different fibrosis and inflammatory markers was assessed in the tissues. Histological markers, serum biochemical parameters, and cytokine production were also analyzed, and their correlations with the relative abundance of targeted fecal bacteria were examined. All A. muciniphila preparations exhibited protective effects against HSC activation; however, EVs showed the greatest activity in HSC regression. Oral gavage with A. muciniphila ameliorated the serum biochemical and inflammatory cytokines and improved liver and colon histopathological damages. The relative expression of fibrosis and inflammatory biomarkers was substantially attenuated in the tissues of all treated mice. The composition of targeted stool bacteria in the live A. muciniphila group was clearly different from that in the fibrosis group. This study indicated that A. muciniphila and its derivatives could successfully protect against HFD/CCl4-induced liver injury. However, further studies are needed to prove the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila on the liver. IMPORTANCE Akkermansia muciniphila, as a member of the gut microbiota, has been proposed as a next-generation probiotic. Liver fibrosis is the main determinant of liver dysfunction and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the beneficial effects of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the prevention of liver fibrosis. The results of the present study indicated that oral administration of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its EVs could normalize the fecal targeted bacteria composition, improve the intestinal permeability, modulate inflammatory responses, and subsequently prevent liver injury in HFD/CCl4-administered mice. Following the improvement of intestinal and liver histopathology, HFD/CCl4-induced kidney damage and adipose tissue inflammation were also ameliorated by different A. muciniphila treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Lari
- Systems Biomedicine Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moradi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arefeh Shahriary
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Alavifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Mohsenifar
- Taleghani Hospital, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Davari
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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184
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Karamzin AM, Ropot AV, Sergeyev OV, Khalturina EO. Akkermansia muciniphila and host interaction within the intestinal tract. Anaerobe 2021; 72:102472. [PMID: 34743983 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, metabolic syndrome is one of the major health problems. Heredity, overeating, and a sedentary lifestyle are believed to be the main predisposing factors for its development. However, recent data indicate that gut microbiota plays a significant role in metabolic profile formation. In 2004, Derrien et al. isolated and characterized the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, which lives mainly in the human intestine and has the ability to utilize intestinal mucin. It proved to be a good candidate for the role of a new-generation probiotic due to its ability to improve the laboratory and physical indicators associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in mice and humans. In this review, we describe the basic microbiological characteristics of this bacterium, its main habitats, clinical effects after oral administration, and different ways of influencing the digestive tract. All these data allow us to understand the mechanism of its beneficial effects, which is important for its future introduction into the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei M Karamzin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Street, 8, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasiia V Ropot
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Street, 8, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Oleg V Sergeyev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Street, 8, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Evgenia O Khalturina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Street, 8, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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185
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Li Y, Qin J, Cheng Y, Lv D, Li M, Qi Y, Lan J, Zhao Q, Li Z. Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides: Preventive and Therapeutic Effects on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110608. [PMID: 34822479 PMCID: PMC8618309 DOI: 10.3390/md19110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is the pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. With the prevalence of modern lifestyles, the incidence of metabolic syndrome has risen rapidly. In recent years, marine sulfate polysaccharides (MSPs) have shown positive effects in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, and they mainly come from seaweeds and marine animals. MSPs are rich in sulfate and have stronger biological activity compared with terrestrial polysaccharides. MSPs can alleviate metabolic syndrome by regulating glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, MSPs prevent and treat metabolic syndrome by interacting with gut microbiota. MSPs can be degraded by gut microbes to produce metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and free sulfate and affect the composition of gut microbiota. The difference between MSPs and other polysaccharides lies in the sulfation pattern and sulfate content, therefore, which is very important for anti-metabolic syndrome activity of MSPs. This review summarizes the latest findings on effects of MSPs on metabolic syndrome, mechanisms of MSPs in treatment/prevention of metabolic syndrome, interactions between MSPs and gut microbiota, and the role of sulfate group and sulfation pattern in MSPs activity. However, more clinical trials are needed to confirm the potential preventive and therapeutic effects on human body. It may be a better choice to develop new functional foods containing MSPs for dietary intervention in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juan Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yinghui Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Dong Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanxia Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Dalian Zhenjiu Biological Industry Co., Ltd., Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-411-84673500 (Q.Z.); +86-411-84763107 (Z.L.)
| | - Zhibo Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-411-84673500 (Q.Z.); +86-411-84763107 (Z.L.)
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186
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Utilization efficiency of human milk oligosaccharides by human-associated Akkermansia is strain-dependent. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0148721. [PMID: 34669436 PMCID: PMC8752153 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01487-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila are mucin degrading bacteria found in the human gut and are often associated with positive human health. However, despite being detected as early as one month of age, little is known about the role of Akkermansia in the infant gut. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant components of human milk and are structurally similar to the oligosaccharides that comprise mucin, the preferred growth substrate of human-associated Akkermansia. A limited subset of intestinal bacteria has been shown to grow well on HMOs and mucin. We therefore examined the ability of genomically diverse strains of Akkermansia to grow on HMOs. First, we screened 85 genomes representing the four known Akkermansia phylogroups to examine their metabolic potential to degrade HMOs. Furthermore, we examined the ability of representative isolates to grow on individual HMOs in a mucin background and analyzed the resulting metabolites. All Akkermansia genomes were equipped with an array of glycoside hydrolases associated with HMO-deconstruction. Representative strains were all able to grow on HMOs with varying efficiency and growth yield. Strain CSUN-19 belonging to the AmIV phylogroup, grew to the highest level in the presence of fucosylated and sialylated HMOs. This activity may be partially related to the increased copy numbers and/or the enzyme activities of the α-fucosidases, α-sialidases, and β-galactosidases. This examines the utilization of individual purified HMOs by Akkermansia strains representing all known phylogroups. Further studies are required to examine how HMO ingestion influences gut microbial ecology in infants harboring different Akkermansia phylogroups. Importance Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant component of breast milk and provide several benefits to developing infants including recruitment of beneficial bacteria to the human gut. Akkermansia are largely considered beneficial bacteria and have been detected in colostrum, breast milk, and young infants. A. muciniphila MucT belonging to the AmI phylogroup contribute to the HMO deconstruction capacity of the infant. Here, using phylogenomics, we examined the genomic capacity of four Akkermansia phylogroups to deconstruct HMOs. Indeed, each phylogroup contained differences in the genomic capacity to deconstruct HMOs and representative strains of each phylogroup were able to grow using HMOs. These Akkermansia-HMO interactions potentially influence gut microbial ecology in early life - a critical time for the development of the gut microbiome and infant health.
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187
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Gao X, Zhang H, Li K, Shi Y, Guo X, Wang L, Li D. Sandalwood seed oil improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat/high-sucrose diet-fed rats associated with altered intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. Food Funct 2021; 12:9739-9749. [PMID: 34664591 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02239c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sandalwood seed oil (SSO), rich in ximenynic acid, is extracted from the seed kernels of Santalum spicatum. The current work aimed to clarify the potential mechanisms of SSO in preventing insulin resistance (IR) by investigating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a standard chow group (N), and four high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-fed groups plus 7% of SSO, fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) or sunflower oil (SO), respectively. After 12 weeks, the feces were collected and subsequently the rats were sacrificed for collecting blood and tissues. The results indicated that the SSO, FO and LO groups had a lower ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) and lower levels of Actinobacteria phylum in their feces compared to the SO group. HOMA-IR was positively correlated with F/B (r = 0.63) and Actinobacteria (r = 0.64). At the genus level, beneficial bacteria, including Oscillospira, Clostridium, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus and Coprococcus, were more abundant, while destructive bacteria, such as Collinsella, were less abundant in the SSO group than in the SO group. The concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were higher, and the serum LPS and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were lower in the SSO, FO and LO groups than the SO group. In addition, SCFAs were negatively (r: -0.45 to -0.82), and LPS (r: 0.12 to 0.42) and TMAO (r: 0.32 to 0.49) were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In summary, the prevention effect of SSO on HFHS induced IR was associated with altered intestinal microbiota composition and the production of microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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188
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Xu HM, Huang HL, Liu YD, Zhu JQ, Zhou YL, Chen HT, Xu J, Zhao HL, Guo X, Shi W, Nie YQ, Zhou YJ. Selection strategy of dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute or chronic colitis mouse models based on gut microbial profile. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:279. [PMID: 34654370 PMCID: PMC8520286 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) replicates ulcerative colitis (UC)-like colitis in murine models. However, the microbial characteristics of DSS-triggered colitis require further clarification. To analyze the changes in gut microbiota associated with DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis. METHODS Acute colitis was induced in mice by administering 3% DSS for 1 week in the drinking water, and chronic colitis was induced by supplementing drinking water with 2.5% DSS every other week for 5 weeks. Control groups received the same drinking water without DSS supplementation. The histopathological score and length of the colons, and disease activity index (DAI) were evaluated to confirm the presence of experimental colitis. Intestinal microbiota was profiled by 16S rDNA sequencing of cecal content. RESULTS Mice with both acute and chronic DSS-triggered colitis had significantly higher DAI and colon histopathological scores in contrast to the control groups (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), and the colon was remarkably shortened (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001). The gut microbiota α-diversity was partly downregulated in both acute and chronic colitis groups in contrast to their respective control groups (Pielou index P = 0.0022, P = 0.0649; Shannon index P = 0.0022, P = 0.0931). The reduction in the Pielou and Shannon indices were more obvious in mice with acute colitis (P = 0.0022, P = 0.0043). The relative abundance of Bacteroides and Turicibacter was increased (all P < 0.05), while that of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium, Rikenella, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, and Butyricicoccus was significantly decreased after acute DSS induction (all P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Helicobacter, Parabacteroides, Erysipelatoclostridium, Turicibacter and Romboutsia was also markedly increased (all P < 0.05), and that of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Alistipes, Enterorhabdus, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Butyricicoccus, Ruminiclostridium_6, Muribaculum, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Family_XIII_UCG-001 and Flavonifractor was significantly decreased after chronic DSS induction (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis demonstrated similar symptoms and histopathological changes. The changes in the gut microbiota of the acute colitis model were closer to that observed in UC. The acute colitis model had greater abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria and lower α-diversity compared to the chronic colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hong-Li Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yan-Di Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - You-Lian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hai-Lan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Yong-Jian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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Hasani A, Ebrahimzadeh S, Hemmati F, Khabbaz A, Hasani A, Gholizadeh P. The role of Akkermansia muciniphila in obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34623232 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota can lead to a number of chronic clinical diseases. Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic bacteria constituting 3-5% of the gut microbial community in healthy adults. This bacterium is responsible for degenerating mucin in the gut; its scarcity leads to diverse clinical disorders. In this review, we focus on the role of A. muciniphila in diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis, as well as the use of this bacterium as a next-generation probiotic. In regard to obesity and diabetes, human and animal trials have shown that A. muciniphila controls the essential regulatory system of glucose and energy metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms by which A. muciniphila alleviates the complications of obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis are unclear. At the same time, its abundance suggests improved metabolic disorders, such as metabolic endotoxemia, adiposity insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. The role of A. muciniphila is implicated in declining aortic lesions and atherosclerosis. Well-characterized virulence factors, antigens and cell wall extracts of A. muciniphila may act as effector molecules in these diseases. These molecules may provide novel mechanisms and strategies by which this bacterium could be used as a probiotic for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Hasani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hemmati
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aytak Khabbaz
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pourya Gholizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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190
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A next-generation probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8411-8426. [PMID: 34617139 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neurasthenic disease, which is the second-largest burden of disease globally. Increasing studies have revealed that depression is associated with abnormalities in gut microbiota and metabolites. Several species of bacteria have been classified as psychobiotics, which confer mental health benefits through interactions with commensal gut microbiota. Therefore, it is essential to identify new psychobiotics and elucidate their mechanisms in the treatment of depression. This study aims to evaluate the antidepressant effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS). C57BL/6 male mice were divided into three groups: mice subjected to CRS, mice not subjected to CRS, and mice treated with AKK for 3 weeks. Behavioral tests were performed, and hormone, neurotransmitter, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured. Cecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and serum metabolites were detected using untargeted metabolomics. In addition, correlations between altered gut microbiota and metabolites with significant variations in serum associated with AKK ameliorating depression were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results revealed that AKK significantly ameliorated depressive-like behavior and restored abnormal variations in depression-related molecular (corticosterone, dopamine, and BDNF). Moreover, AKK altered chronic stress-induced gut microbial abnormalities. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed 23 potential biomarkers in serum that could be associated with the mechanisms underlying CRS-induced depression and the therapeutic effects of AKK. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis revealed that AKK predominantly upregulated β-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine and edaravone to relieve depression. Furthermore, β-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine and edaravone exhibited the antidepressant phenotype in mice subjected to CRS. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that AKK ameliorates chronic stress-induced depressive symptoms in mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites. KEY POINTS: • AKK reduces depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic stress. • AKK regulates the gut microbial structure and metabolomics of serum under the chronic stress. • Antidepressant effect of AKK correlates with the increase of β-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine and edaravone.
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Effect of Huanglian Decoction on the Intestinal Microbiome in Stress Ulcer (SU) Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3087270. [PMID: 34603467 PMCID: PMC8483906 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3087270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Stress ulcer (SU) is a serious gastrointestinal mucosal lesion under acute stress. Huanglian decoction is a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which has been used to treat digestive system diseases for thousands of years. Many clinical cases have proved that Huanglian decoction has a good effect on SU. Some studies have shown that the intestinal bacteria will be changed accordingly when the gastrointestinal mucosa is damaged. However, there are few published reports on the effect of the intestinal microbiome with SU mice that were treated by Huanglian decoction. In this study, we investigated the effect of the fecal microbiome in mice with SU by the 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Methods Male KM mice were induced by cold-restraint stress except for the normal control group and then treated by Huanglian decoction (Group HD) and Esomeprazole magnesium solution (Group ES) separately for 7 days. 16S rDNA sequencing technology analysis was applied to evaluate the changes of bacterial flora in mice feces. And, histopathological methods and molecular biological detection methods were also performed. Results Huanglian decoction could help to repair the gastric mucosal injury and regulate the relative content of TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, Huanglian decoction could increase the relative abundance of intestinal probiotics in the intestine of mice with SU, especially in Verrucomicrobiae and Akkermansia. Conclusions Huanglian decoction might effectively promote the repair of gastrointestinal mucosal injury and regulate the number and species of intestinal bacteria to maintain the stability of gastrointestinal microecology.
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192
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Ashrafian F, Keshavarz Azizi Raftar S, Shahryari A, Behrouzi A, Yaghoubfar R, Lari A, Moradi HR, Khatami S, Omrani MD, Vaziri F, Masotti A, Siadat SD. Comparative effects of alive and pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila on normal diet-fed mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17898. [PMID: 34504116 PMCID: PMC8429653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, Akkermansia muciniphila an anaerobic member of the gut microbiota, has been proposed as a next-generation probiotic. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of alive and pasteurized A. muciniphila on health status, intestinal integrity, immune response, lipid metabolism, and gut microbial composition in normal-diet fed mice as well as direct effects of the bacterium on Caco-2 cell line. A total of 30 mice were distributed into three different groups, control, alive, and pasteurized A. muciniphila-treated group. After acclimation, control and treatment groups were administrated with PBS and 109 CFU/200µL of bacterial suspension for 5 weeks, respectively. Besides, Caco-2 separately exposed to alive, pasteurized A. muciniphila and PBS for 24 h. The results showed that administration of A. muciniphila leads to reduction in body, liver, and white adipose weight. Histology data revealed both treatments had no adverse effects in colon, liver, and adipose tissues as well as induced better gut structure. Moreover, biochemical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma demonstrated that pasteurized A. muciniphila had more pronounce effect. Furthermore, alive A. muciniphia had better effects on the modulation of gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis, energy homeostasis, and immune response in the liver; meanwhile, these effects in the adipose was more in the pasteurized A. muciniphila administration. More importantly, the improvement of gut health by enhancing strengthen intestinal integrity and maintaining immune homeostasis was seen in both treatments; notably, pasteurized A. muciniphila had more effective. Similarly, treatment with the pasteurized form more effectively upregulated tight junction and regulated immune response-related genes in Caco-2 cell line. Both treatments triggered the improvement of microbiota communities, particularly the alive form. Therefore, both forms of A. muciniphila could modulate lipid and immune homeostasis, improved some gut microbiota, and promoted the overall health, while all these effects were dominantly observed in pasteurized form. In conclusion, pasteurized A. muciniphila can be considered as new medical supplement to maintain health state and prevent diseases in normal mice through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashrafian
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ,grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arefeh Shahryari
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Behrouzi
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yaghoubfar
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Lari
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Systems Biomedicine Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moradi
- grid.412573.60000 0001 0745 1259Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- grid.411600.2Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ,grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Research Laboratories, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ,grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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193
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Wu Z, Huang S, Li T, Li N, Han D, Zhang B, Xu ZZ, Zhang S, Pang J, Wang S, Zhang G, Zhao J, Wang J. Gut microbiota from green tea polyphenol-dosed mice improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates experimental colitis. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:184. [PMID: 34493333 PMCID: PMC8424887 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration of the gut microbiota may contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major bioactive constituent of green tea, is known to be beneficial in IBD alleviation. However, it is unclear whether the gut microbiota exerts an effect when EGCG attenuates IBD. RESULTS We first explored the effect of oral or rectal EGCG delivery on the DSS-induced murine colitis. Our results revealed that anti-inflammatory effect and colonic barrier integrity were enhanced by oral, but not rectal, EGCG. We observed a distinct EGCG-mediated alteration in the gut microbiome by increasing Akkermansia abundance and butyrate production. Next, we demonstrated that the EGCG pre-supplementation induced similar beneficial outcomes to oral EGCG administration. Prophylactic EGCG attenuated colitis and significantly enriched short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia and SCFAs production in DSS-induced mice. To validate these discoveries, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) to inoculate DSS-treated mice. Microbiota from EGCG-dosed mice alleviated the colitis over microbiota from control mice and SFF shown by superiorly anti-inflammatory effect and colonic barrier integrity, and also enriched bacteria such as Akkermansia and SCFAs. Collectively, the attenuation of colitis by oral EGCG suggests an intimate involvement of SCFAs-producing bacteria Akkermansia, and SCFAs, which was further demonstrated by prophylaxis and FMT. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first data indicating that oral EGCG ameliorated the colonic inflammation in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Our findings provide novel insights into EGCG-mediated remission of IBD and EGCG as a potential modulator for gut microbiota to prevent and treat IBD. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhenjiang Zech Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 214122 China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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194
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Zhao C, Mo L, Li J, Deng Q. Oxidized Milk Induces Spatial Learning and Memory Impairment by Altering Gut Microbiota in Offspring Mice during Pregnancy and Lactation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9934-9946. [PMID: 34427092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Early adverse diet exposures are known to be associated with increased risk of learning and memory injury in offspring, yet whether oxidized milk is involved in such an effect has been largely unknown. Here, we focused on oxidized milk intake in mice during pregnancy and lactation to measure the changes in the learning and memory ability in offspring and also probed into the relevant association with gut microbiota. Milk was oxidized with H2O2-Cu or HClO, resulting in different degrees of oxidative damage. KM female mice were fed H2O2-Cu, HClO, or normal control diets immediately after caging until their offspring were 3-weeks old. Behavioral tests were then performed to test the learning and memory ability, and 16S rRNA sequencing was completed with harvested fecal contents. As analyzed, fecal microflora in mice with oxidized milk was affected, mainly reflected in decreased mucin-degrading bacteria, Akkermansia and Lactobacillus, and in reversely increased pro-inflammatory bacteria Shigella, pathobiont Mucispirillum, nervous associated bacteria Ruminococcus, Escherichia, and Desulfovibrio. In the meantime, the inflammation developed in mice was aggravated accompanied by increased expression of relevant genes, while the genes and proteins associated with the learning and memory ability were down-regulated. Further behavioral tests proved impairment of the learning and memory ability in offspring. In general, milk of oxidative damage is a risk factor of the impaired transgenerational ability in learning and memory, which is associated with gut microbiota and intestinal mucosa conditions. This finding may help support the potential of early adverse diet as a harmful factor in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Zhao
- Department of nutrition and food hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ling Mo
- Department of nutrition and food hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of nutrition and food hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Qiuling Deng
- Department of nutrition and food hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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195
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Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5110276. [PMID: 34447287 PMCID: PMC8384524 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.
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196
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Fernández-Ciganda S, Fraga M, Zunino P. Probiotic Lactobacilli Administration Induces Changes in the Fecal Microbiota of Preweaned Dairy Calves. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:804-815. [PMID: 34390476 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early microbial colonization is a determinant factor in animal health, and probiotic administration has been demonstrated to modulate intestinal microbiota and promote health in dairy calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in calves' fecal microbiota after the administration of two probiotic lactobacilli strains that had previously exhibited beneficial effects in calves' health in relation to neonatal calf diarrhea. An in vivo assay was performed with 30 newborn male Holstein calves that were divided into three groups. Two groups were orally administered with two different lactobacilli strains (Lactobacillus johnsonii TP1.6 or Limosilactobacillus reuteri TP1.3B), and the third was the control group. Calves (5 to 9 days old) were administered with freeze-dried bacteria once a day for 10 consecutive days. Feces samples were taken before the first administration (day 0) and then again on days 10 and 21, and the V4 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal gene was sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq 250 paired-end platform. The administration of both strains significantly affected the total bacterial community composition, and the effect lasted for 11 days after the last dose. In particular, amplicon sequence variants related to Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia genera were significantly higher in both treated groups. Therefore, modulation of the intestinal microbiota is a potential mechanism of action behind the beneficial effects of these probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Fernández-Ciganda
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Unidad de Investigación de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA-LE), Colonia, Uruguay.
| | - Martín Fraga
- Unidad de Investigación de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA-LE), Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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197
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Mazzantini D, Calvigioni M, Celandroni F, Lupetti A, Ghelardi E. Spotlight on the Compositional Quality of Probiotic Formulations Marketed Worldwide. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693973. [PMID: 34354690 PMCID: PMC8329331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On the worldwide market, a great number of probiotic formulations are available to consumers as drugs, dietary supplements, and functional foods. For exerting their beneficial effects on host health, these preparations should contain a sufficient amount of the indicated living microbes and be pathogen-free to be safe. Therefore, the contained microbial species and their amount until product expiry are required to be accurately reported on the labels. While commercial formulations licensed as drugs are subjected to rigorous quality controls, less stringent regulations are generally applied to preparations categorized as dietary supplements and functional foods. Many reports indicated that the content of several probiotic formulations does not always correspond to the label claims in terms of microbial identification, number of living organisms, and purity, highlighting the requirement for more stringent quality controls by manufacturers. The main focus of this review is to provide an in-depth overview of the microbiological quality of probiotic formulations commercialized worldwide. Many incongruences in the compositional quality of some probiotic formulations available on the worldwide market were highlighted. Even if manufacturers carry at least some of the responsibility for these inconsistencies, studies that analyze probiotic products should be conducted following recommended and up-to-date methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health-Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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198
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Wang S, Yong H, He XD. Multi-omics: Opportunities for research on mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1070-1080. [PMID: 34326955 PMCID: PMC8311486 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a burdensome global disease. In-depth understanding of its mechanism will help to optimize diagnosis and treatment, which reduces the burden. Multi-omics research has unparalleled advantages in contributing to the overall understanding of the mechanism of this chronic metabolic disease. In the past two decades, the study of multi-omics on T2DM-related intestinal flora perturbation and plasma dyslipidemia has shown tremendous potential and is expected to achieve major breakthroughs. The regulation of intestinal flora in diabetic patients has been confirmed by multiple studies. The use of metagenomics, 16S RNA sequencing, and metabolomics has comprehensively identified the overall changes in the intestinal flora and the metabolic disturbances that could directly or indirectly participate in the intestinal flora-host interactions. Lipidomics combined with other “omics” has characterized lipid metabolism disorders in T2DM. The combined application and cross-validation of multi-omics can screen for dysregulation in T2DM, which will provide immense opportunities to understand the mechanisms behind T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Yong
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong He
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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199
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Yang S, Li D, Yu Z, Li Y, Wu M. Multi-Pharmacology of Berberine in Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases: Potential Contribution of Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709629. [PMID: 34305616 PMCID: PMC8299362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), especially atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), and metabolic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) are major public health issues worldwide that seriously threaten human health. Exploring effective natural product-based drugs is a promising strategy for the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases. Berberine (BBR), an important isoquinoline alkaloid found in various medicinal plants, has been shown to have multiple pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications. In view of its low bioavailability, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota may serve as a target for the multifunctional effects of BBR. Under the pathological conditions of AS and metabolic diseases, BBR improves intestinal barrier function and reduces inflammation induced by gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, BBR reverses or induces structural and compositional alterations in the gut microbiota and regulates gut microbe-dependent metabolites as well as related downstream pathways; this improves glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. These findings at least partly explain the effect of BBR on AS and metabolic diseases. In this review, we elaborate on the research progress of BBR and its mechanisms of action in the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases from the perspective of gut microbiota, to reveal the potential contribution of gut microbiota to the multifunctional biological effects of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yang
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongliang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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200
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Liu Y, Yin F, Huang L, Teng H, Shen T, Qin H. Long-term and continuous administration of Bacillus subtilis during remission effectively maintains the remission of inflammatory bowel disease by protecting intestinal integrity, regulating epithelial proliferation, and reshaping microbial structure and function. Food Funct 2021; 12:2201-2210. [PMID: 33595001 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota takes part in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clinical research has found that probiotics have a beneficial effect on active ulcerative colitis, but to date, significant efficacy has rarely been found in the use of probiotics in the remission phase of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. More studies are needed to assess the utilization of probiotics in IBD remission. In this study, we assessed the administration of Bacillus subtilis in remission and its possible mechanism in mice with IBD. Oral administration of B. subtilis was implemented for 6 weeks (dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-P6w group), 2 weeks (DSS-P2w group) or 0 weeks (DSS-control(CT) group) in the remission phase in rodents with (DSS)-induced IBD. The body weight, colon length and disease activity index (DAI) were recorded, and colon H&E staining was performed. The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) mRNA and epithelium proliferation-related Ki67 was detected. Gut microbiota were tested by 16S rRNA sequencing. Administration of B. subtilis in remission effectively increased the body weight and colon length and decreased DAI in the DSS-P6w group compared with the DSS-CT group, but there is no significant difference between the DSS-P2w and DSS-CT groups. The epithelial integrity was improved, and the expression of ZO-1 and occludin increased due to administration of B. subtilis in remission, which was more evident in the DSS-P6w group. The expression of Ki67 increased in the DSS-CT group compared with that in the CT group. The administration of B. subtilis effectively down-regulated the expression of Ki67 in the DSS-P6w and DSS-P2w groups compared with the DSS-CT group. Furthermore, gut microbial structure was improved, with significantly decreased Escherichia/Shigella and Enterococcus, and increased Akkermansia and corresponding microbial function in the DSS-P6w group. Short-term administration of B. subtilis in the remission phase showed no significant improvement in mice with IBD. Long-term and continuous supplementation of B. subtilis in remission could effectively maintain the remission by protecting epithelial integrity, regulating proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells, and improving gut microbiota and the corresponding microbial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Linsheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongfei Teng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Tongyi Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
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