151
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Zhang L, Zheng L, Fan HS, Zhang XD. A scaffold-filter model for studying the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 70:962-968. [PMID: 27772727 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to explore the synergistic effect of scaffold materials and a cartilage-like environment on the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. Because stem cells encapsulated in a cartilage scaffold will be induced by scaffold molecules as well as permeable molecules from the surroundings, it is impossible to optimize a chondro-inducible scaffold without considering environmental sensitivity. How do we know if a designed scaffold will be sufficient prior to implantation? In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) were seeded in various scaffolds, including collagen hydrogel, collage/sodium alginate hydrogel, collagen sponge and silk fibroin sponge. The cell-scaffold complex was encapsulated in a filter pocket to avoid direct contact with co-cultured chondrocytes. Scaffolds differed in the ability to adsorb inducible molecules expressed by chondrocytes, as evidenced by various expressions of cartilage specific proteins and genes. Collagen hydrogel unexpectedly supported chondrogenic differentiation in an environment filled with chondrocytes secretion better than other reinforced scaffolds, which is consistent with the previous experiment in vivo. This result indicated that the environmental sensitivity of a scaffold is important for in vivo chondro-induction. This in vitro scaffold-filter model may be useful as a precursor to investigate the chondro-inducing potential of various scaffolds for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- College of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong S Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing D Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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152
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Pacini S, Barachini S, Montali M, Carnicelli V, Fazzi R, Parchi P, Petrini M. Mesangiogenic Progenitor Cells Derived from One Novel CD64(bright)CD31(bright)CD14(neg) Population in Human Adult Bone Marrow. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:661-73. [PMID: 26975798 PMCID: PMC4854213 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been the object of extensive research for decades, due to their intrinsic clinical value. Nonetheless, the unambiguous identification of a unique in vivo MSC progenitor is still lacking, and the hypothesis that these multipotent cells could possibly arise from different in vivo precursors has been gaining consensus in the last years. We identified a novel multipotent cell population in human adult bone marrow that we first named Mesodermal Progenitor Cells (MPCs) for the ability to differentiate toward the mesenchymal lineage, while still retaining angiogenic potential. Despite extensive characterization, MPCs positioning within the differentiation pathway and whether they can be ascribed as possible distinctive progenitor of the MSC lineage is still unclear. In this study, we describe the ex vivo isolation of one novel bone marrow subpopulation (Pop#8) with the ability to generate MPCs. Multicolor flow cytometry in combination with either fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting were applied to characterize Pop#8 as CD64(bright)CD31(bright)CD14(neg). We defined Pop#8 properties in culture, including the potential of Pop#8-derived MPCs to differentiate into MSCs. Gene expression data were suggestive of Pop#8 in vivo involvement in hematopoietic stem cell niche constitution/maintenance. Pop#8 resulted over three logs more frequent than other putative MSC progenitors, corroborating the idea that most of the controversies regarding culture-expanded MSCs could be the consequence of different culture conditions that select or promote particular subpopulations of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pacini
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Barachini
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- 2 Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita Fazzi
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Parchi
- 3 First Orthopedic Division, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
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153
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Moeinzadeh S, Pajoum Shariati SR, Jabbari E. Comparative effect of physicomechanical and biomolecular cues on zone-specific chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2016; 92:57-70. [PMID: 27038568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Current tissue engineering approaches to regeneration of articular cartilage rarely restore the tissue to its normal state because the generated tissue lacks the intricate zonal organization of the native cartilage. Zonal regeneration of articular cartilage is hampered by the lack of knowledge for the relation between physical, mechanical, and biomolecular cues and zone-specific chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. This work investigated in 3D the effect of TGF-β1, zone-specific growth factors, optimum matrix stiffness, and adding nanofibers on the expression of chondrogenic markers specific to the superficial, middle, and calcified zones of articular cartilage by the differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Growth factors included BMP-7, IGF-1, and hydroxyapatite (HA) for the superficial, middle, and calcified zones, respectively; optimum matrix stiffness was 80 kPa, 2.1 MPa, and 320 MPa; and nanofibers were aligned horizontal, random, and perpendicular to the gel surface. hMSCs with zone-specific cell densities were encapsulated in engineered hydrogels and cultured with or without TGF-β1, zone-specific growth factor, optimum matrix modulus, and fiber addition and cultured in basic chondrogenic medium. The expression of encapsulated cells was measured by mRNA, protein, and biochemical analysis. Results indicated that zone-specific matrix stiffness had a dominating effect on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs to the superficial and calcified zone phenotypes. Addition of aligned nanofibers parallel to the direction of gel surface significantly enhanced expression of Col II in the superficial zone chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Conversely, biomolecular factor IGF-1 in combination with TGF-β1 had a dominating effect on the middle zone chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Results of this work could potentially lead to the development of multilayer grafts mimicking the zonal organization of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seyed Ramin Pajoum Shariati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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154
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Almalki SG, Agrawal DK. Key transcription factors in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2016; 92:41-51. [PMID: 27012163 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that represent a promising source for regenerative medicine. MSCs are capable of osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and myogenic differentiation. Efficacy of differentiated MSCs to regenerate cells in the injured tissues requires the ability to maintain the differentiation toward the desired cell fate. Since MSCs represent an attractive source for autologous transplantation, cellular and molecular signaling pathways and micro-environmental changes have been studied in order to understand the role of cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors on the differentiation of MSCs. The differentiation of MSC into a mesenchymal lineage is genetically manipulated and promoted by specific transcription factors associated with a particular cell lineage. Recent studies have explored the integration of transcription factors, including Runx2, Sox9, PPARγ, MyoD, GATA4, and GATA6 in the differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, the overexpression of a single transcription factor in MSCs may promote trans-differentiation into specific cell lineage, which can be used for treatment of some diseases. In this review, we critically discussed and evaluated the role of transcription factors and related signaling pathways that affect the differentiation of MSCs toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami G Almalki
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
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155
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Wyles SP, Faustino RS, Li X, Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Systems-based technologies in profiling the stem cell molecular framework for cardioregenerative medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:501-10. [PMID: 25218144 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, advancements in stem cell biology have yielded a variety of sources for stem cell-based cardiovascular investigation. Stem cell behavior, whether to maintain its stable state of pluripotency or to prime toward the cardiovascular lineage is governed by a set of coordinated interactions between epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational mechanisms. The science of incorporating genes (genomics), RNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and metabolites (metabolomics) data in a specific biological sample is known as systems biology. Integrating systems biology in progression with stem cell biologics can contribute to our knowledge of mechanisms that underlie pluripotency maintenance and guarantee fidelity of cardiac lineage specification. This review provides a brief summarization of OMICS-based strategies including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics used to understand stem cell fate and to outline molecular processes involved in heart development. Additionally, current efforts in cardioregeneration based on the "one-size-fits-all" principle limit the potential of individualized therapy in regenerative medicine. Here, we summarize recent studies that introduced systems biology into cardiovascular clinical outcomes analysis, allowing for predictive assessment for disease recurrence and patient-specific therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya P Wyles
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
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156
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Fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells: adipocytes or osteoblasts? Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1128-39. [PMID: 26868907 PMCID: PMC4946886 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 764] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a non-hematopoietic stem cell population first discovered in bone marrow, are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into mature cells of several mesenchymal tissues, such as fat and bone. As common progenitor cells of adipocytes and osteoblasts, MSCs are delicately balanced for their differentiation commitment. Numerous in vitro investigations have demonstrated that fat-induction factors inhibit osteogenesis, and, conversely, bone-induction factors hinder adipogenesis. In fact, a variety of external cues contribute to the delicate balance of adipo-osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, including chemical, physical, and biological factors. These factors trigger different signaling pathways and activate various transcription factors that guide MSCs to commit to either lineage. The dysregulation of the adipo-osteogenic balance has been linked to several pathophysiologic processes, such as aging, obesity, osteopenia, osteopetrosis, and osteoporosis. Thus, the regulation of MSC differentiation has increasingly attracted great attention in recent years. Here, we review external factors and their signaling processes dictating the reciprocal regulation between adipocytes and osteoblasts during MSC differentiation and the ultimate control of the adipo-osteogenic balance.
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157
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Ramezanifard R, Seyedjafari E, Ardeshirylajimi A, Soleimani M. Biomimetic scaffolds containing nanofibers coated with willemite nanoparticles for improvement of stem cell osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:398-406. [PMID: 26952439 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, discovering osteogenesis stimulating effectors is one of the major topics in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, the proliferation rate and osteogenic differentiation potency of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) cultured on poly (l-lactide acid) (PLLA) and willemite-coated PLLA were investigated by MTT assay and common osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineral deposition and bone-related genes expression. Willemite-coated PLLA showed a higher proliferation support to AT-MSCs in comparison to PLLA and TCPS. During the period of study, AT-MSCs cultured on willemite-coated PLLA scaffolds exhibited the greatest ALP activity and mineralization. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the highest expression of four important osteogenic-related genes, osteonectin, Runx2, collagen type 1 and osteocalcin was observed in stem cells cultured on willemite-coated PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds. According to the results, willemite-coated PLLA could be a suitable substrate to support the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and holds promising potential for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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158
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Wang PY, Thissen H, Kingshott P. Stimulation of Early Osteochondral Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Binary Colloidal Crystals (BCCs). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4477-4488. [PMID: 26812467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new surface based on self-assembly of two colloids into well-defined nanostructures, so-called binary colloidal crystals (BCCs), was fabricated for stem cell culture. The facile fabrication process are able to cover large surface areas (>3 cm-diameter, i.e. > 7 cm(2)) with ordered surface nanotopographies that is often a challenge particularly in biomaterials science. From our library, four different combinations of BCCs were selected using mixtures of silica, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles with sizes in the range from 100 nm to 5 μm. Cell spreading, proliferation, and surface-induced lineage commitment of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) was studied using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunostaining. The results showed that BCCs induced osteo- and chondro- but not adipo-gene expression in the absence of induction medium suggesting that the osteochondral lineage can be stimulated by the BCCs. When applying induction media, higher osteo- and chondro-gene expression on BCCs was found compared with tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and flat silica (Si) controls, respectively. Colony forming of chondrogenic hADSCs was found on BCCs and TCPS but not Si controls, suggesting that the differentiation of stem cells is surface-dependent. BCCs provide access to complex nanotopographies and chemistries, which can find applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Bayview Avenue, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Bayview Avenue, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia
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159
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Li CS, Yang P, Ting K, Aghaloo T, Lee S, Zhang Y, Khalilinejad K, Murphy MC, Pan HC, Zhang X, Wu B, Zhou YH, Zhao Z, Zheng Z, Soo C. Fibromodulin reprogrammed cells: A novel cell source for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 83:194-206. [PMID: 26774565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent or multipotent cell-based therapeutics are vital for skeletal reconstruction in non-healing critical-sized defects since the local endogenous progenitor cells are not often adequate to restore tissue continuity or function. However, currently available cell-based regenerative strategies are hindered by numerous obstacles including inadequate cell availability, painful and invasive cell-harvesting procedures, and tumorigenesis. Previously, we established a novel platform technology for inducing a quiescent stem cell-like stage using only a single extracellular proteoglycan, fibromodulin (FMOD), circumventing gene transduction. In this study, we further purified and significantly increased the reprogramming rate of the yield multipotent FMOD reprogrammed (FReP) cells. We also exposed the 'molecular blueprint' of FReP cell osteogenic differentiation by gene profiling. Radiographic analysis showed that implantation of FReP cells into a critical-sized SCID mouse calvarial defect, contributed to the robust osteogenic capability of FReP cells in a challenging clinically relevant traumatic scenario in vivo. The persistence, engraftment, and osteogenesis of transplanted FReP cells without tumorigenesis in vivo were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical staining. Taken together, we have provided an extended potency, safety, and molecular profile of FReP cell-based bone regeneration. Therefore, FReP cells present a high potential for cellular and gene therapy products for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shuang Li
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Pu Yang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Kang Ting
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kambiz Khalilinejad
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maxwell C Murphy
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yan-Heng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA Division of Plastic Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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160
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Kim C, Jeon OH, Kim DH, Chae JJ, Shores L, Bernstein N, Bhattacharya R, Coburn JM, Yarema KJ, Elisseeff JH. Local delivery of a carbohydrate analog for reducing arthritic inflammation and rebuilding cartilage. Biomaterials 2015; 83:93-101. [PMID: 26773662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation. Because OA has a multifactorial nature and complex interrelationship of the individual elements of a whole joint, there is a need for comprehensive therapeutic approaches for cartilage tissue engineering, which simultaneously address multiple aspects of disease etiology. In this work, we investigated a multifunctional carbohydrate-based drug candidate, tri-butanoylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine analog (3,4,6-O-Bu3GalNAc) that induced cartilage tissue production by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human OA chondrocytes by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. The dual effects promoted chondrogenesis of human MSC and reduced inflammation of human OA chondrocytes in in vitro cultures. Translating these findings in vivo, we evaluated therapeutic effect of 3,4,6-O-Bu3GalNAc on the rat model of posttraumatic OA when delivered via local intra-articular sustained-release delivery using microparticles and found this method to be efficacious in preventing OA progression. These results show that 3,4,6-O-Bu3GalNAc, a disease modifying OA drug candidate, has promising therapeutic potential for articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaekyu Kim
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ok Hee Jeon
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Do Hun Kim
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - J Jeremy Chae
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Lucas Shores
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Nicholas Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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161
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Lazzarini R, Sorgentoni G, Caffarini M, Sayeed MA, Olivieri F, Di Primio R, Orciani M. New miRNAs network in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from skin and amniotic fluid. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 29:523-8. [PMID: 26684628 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015610228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), isolated from different adult sources, have great appeal for therapeutic applications due to their simple isolation, extensive expansion potential, and high differentiative potential.In our previous studies we isolated MSCs form amniotic fluid (AF-MSCs) and skin (S-MSCs) and characterized them according to their phenotype, pluripotency, and mRNA/microRNAs (miRNAs) profiling using Card A from Life Technologies.Here, we enlarge the profiling of AF-MCSs and S-MSCs to the more recently discovered miRNAs (Card B by Life Technologies) to identify the miRNAs putative target genes and the relative signaling pathways. Card B, in fact, contains miRNAs whose role and target are not yet elucidated.The expression of the analyzed miRNAs is changing between S-MSCs and AF-MSCs, indicating that these two types of MSCs show differences potentially related to their source. Interestingly, the pathways targeted by the miRNAS deriving from Card B are the same found during the analysis of miRNAs from Card A.This result confirms the key role played by WNT and TGF-β pathways in stem cell fate, underlining as other miRNAs partially ignored up to now deserve to be reconsidered. In addition, this analysis allows including Adherens junction pathways among the mechanisms finely regulated in stem cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lazzarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Sorgentoni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Caffarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M A Sayeed
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Di Primio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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162
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André EM, Pensado A, Resnier P, Braz L, Rosa da Costa AM, Passirani C, Sanchez A, Montero-Menei CN. Characterization and comparison of two novel nanosystems associated with siRNA for cellular therapy. Int J Pharm 2015; 497:255-67. [PMID: 26617318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To direct stem cell fate, a delicate control of gene expression through small interference RNA (siRNA) is emerging as a new and safe promising strategy. In this way, the expression of proteins hindering neuronal commitment may be transiently inhibited thus driving differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which secrete tissue repair factors, possess immunomodulatory properties and may differentiate towards the neuronal lineage, are a promising cell source for cell therapy studies in the central nervous system. To better drive their neuronal commitment the repressor Element-1 silencing transcription (REST) factor, may be inhibited by siRNA technology. The design of novel nanoparticles (NP) capable of safely delivering nucleic acids is crucial in order to successfully develop this strategy. In this study we developed and characterized two different siRNA NP. On one hand, sorbitan monooleate (Span(®)80) based NP incorporating the cationic components poly-l-arginine or cationized pullulan, thus allowing the association of siRNA were designed. These NP presented a small size (205 nm) and a negative surface charge (-38 mV). On the other hand, lipid nanocapsules (LNC) associating polymers with lipids and allowing encapsulation of siRNA complexed with lipoplexes were also developed. Their size was of 82 nm with a positive surface charge of +7 mV. Both NP could be frozen with appropriate cryoprotectors. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency at different siRNA doses were monitored by evaluating REST expression. An inhibition of around 60% of REST expression was observed with both NP when associating 250 ng/mL of siRNA-REST, as recommended for commercial reagents. Span NP were less toxic for human MSCs than LNCs, but although both NP showed a similar inhibition of REST over time and the induction of neuronal commitment, LNC-siREST induced a higher expression of neuronal markers. Therefore, two different tailored siRNA NP offering great potential for human stem cell differentiation have been developed, encouraging the pursuit of further in vitro and in vivo in studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M André
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - A Pensado
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Resnier
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - L Braz
- CIQA-Algarve Chemistry Research Centre, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; School of Health-University of Algarve, 8000-510 Faro, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Rosa da Costa
- CIQA-Algarve Chemistry Research Centre, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Passirani
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - A Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Molecular Image Group. Health Research Institute-University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C N Montero-Menei
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
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163
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Effect of Human Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Regeneration of Ovine Articular Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26813-31. [PMID: 26569221 PMCID: PMC4661848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising approach to improve cartilage healing. Adipose tissue is an abundant and readily accessible cell source. Previous studies have demonstrated good cartilage repair results with adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells in small animal experiments. This study aimed to examine these cells in a large animal model. Thirty knees of adult sheep were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: CELLS (scaffold seeded with human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells), SCAFFOLD (scaffold without cells), or EMPTY (untreated lesions). A partial thickness defect was created in the medial femoral condyle. After six months, the knees were examined according to an adaptation of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS 1) score, in addition to a new Partial Thickness Model scale and the ICRS macroscopic score. All of the animals completed the follow-up period. The CELLS group presented with the highest ICRS 1 score (8.3 ± 3.1), followed by the SCAFFOLD group (5.6 ± 2.2) and the EMPTY group (5.2 ± 2.4) (p = 0.033). Other scores were not significantly different. These results suggest that human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells promoted satisfactory cartilage repair in the ovine model.
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164
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Fukuda T, Ochi H, Sunamura S, Haiden A, Bando W, Inose H, Okawa A, Asou Y, Takeda S. MicroRNA-145 regulates osteoblastic differentiation by targeting the transcription factor Cbfb. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3302-8. [PMID: 26450370 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblastic differentiation is regulated by various factors, including hormones and transcription factors. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is an essential player in osteoblastogenesis and transactivates its molecular target by creating a protein complex with its hetero-dimeric partner core binding factor beta (Cbfb). However, the molecular regulation of Cbfb expression remains unknown. Here, we identified miR-145 as a crucial regulator of Cbfb expression. The expression of miR-145 increased during osteoblastogenesis, indicating that miR-145 works as an inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis. Stable expression of miR-145 decreased endogenous Cbfb expression and inhibited osteoblastogenesis, in cooperation with miR-34c. Furthermore, miR-145 decreased bone regeneration in vivo. Our results indicate that miR-145 physiologically regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation via Cbfb expression by forming a regulatory microRNA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Fukuda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Sunamura
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Akina Haiden
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Waka Bando
- Section of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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165
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Song Q, Zhong L, Chen C, Tang Z, Liu H, Zhou Y, Tang M, Zhou L, Zuo G, Luo J, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Weng Y. miR-21 synergizes with BMP9 in osteogenic differentiation by activating the BMP9/Smad signaling pathway in murine multilineage cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1497-506. [PMID: 26460584 PMCID: PMC4678163 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP9, have been shown to promote the osteogenic differentiation of murine multilineage cells (MMCs) and to promote bone formation in bone diseases; however, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been proven to regulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism that unravels the functional axis of a key miRNA (miR-21) which contributes to BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. We screened differentially expressed miRNAs in MMCs during BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and found that miR-21 was significantly upregulated by BMP9 during the osteogenesis of MMCs. Furthermore, miR-21 was confirmed to promote the osteogenic differentiation of the MMCs by suppressing Smad7, which negatively regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MMCs. The upregulation of miR-21 may promote the osteogenic differentiation of MMCs in synergy with BMP9. The findings of our study revealed a novel function of miR-21, and suggest that the overexpression of miR-21 contributes to bone formation by promoting BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. Our data may provide a molecular basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and other inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Song
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zuchuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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166
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Wang L, Li ZY, Wang YP, Wu ZH, Yu B. Dynamic Expression Profiles of Marker Genes in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 30:108-13. [PMID: 26149002 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(15)30021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the expression profiles of osteoblast-related genes in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow during osteogenic differentiation. METHODS MSCs were induced to differentiate with MSC osteogenic differentiation medium for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. Alizarin Red staining was used to detect matrix mineralization. Expression of osteoblast-related genes, including osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase and collagen type 1, was assessed with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS On day 14 after induction of differentiation, cells were stained positively with Alizarin Red. The expression levels of these genes exhibited an upward trend as induction time was prolonged. Exposure to osteogenic differentiation medium less than 21 days did not significantly induce osteocalcin expression; osteocalcin expression levels in the differentiated cells induced for 21 and 28 days were 1.63 and 2.46 times as high as the undifferentiated cells respectively (all P<0.05). Stimulation with MSC osteogenic differentiation medium over 14 days significantly enhanced bone marrow-derived MSCs to express osteopontin and Runx2 genes (all P<0.05). Osteogenic differentiation medium could significantly induce the expressions of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type1 genes (all P<0.05). Their expressions reached the peak levels on day 21, which were increased more than 4- and 3-fold respectively. CONCLUSION Human bone marrow-derived MSCs could exhibit the sequential expression pattern of osteoblast marker genes during osteogenic differentiation in vitro.
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167
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Jeong SY, Ha J, Lee M, Jin HJ, Kim DH, Choi SJ, Oh W, Yang YS, Kim JS, Kim BG, Chang JH, Cho DH, Jeon HB. Autocrine Action of Thrombospondin-2 Determines the Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential and Suppresses Hypertrophic Maturation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3291-303. [PMID: 26235673 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have varying efficacies for the treatment of various diseases, including cartilage defects. In this study, we demonstrated that the chondrogenic differentiation potential of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) obtained from different individual donors varies, and we investigated the molecular basis for this variation. Microarray gene expression analysis identified thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) as a candidate gene underlying the interindividual variation in the chondrogenic differentiation potential of hUCB-MSCs. To assess the association between TSP-2 and the differentiation potential, we evaluated chondrogenic differentiation of hUCB-MSCs treated with TSP2 siRNA. In addition, we studied the effect of supplementing exogenous recombinant TSP-2 on TSP2 siRNA-treated hUCB-MSCs. We found that TSP-2 autocrinally promoted chondrogenic differentiation of hUCB-MSCs via the Notch signaling pathway, which was confirmed in MSCs from other sources such as bone marrow and adipose tissue. Interestingly, we observed that TSP-2 attenuated hypertrophy, which inevitably occurs during chondrogenic differentiation of hUCB-MSCs. Our findings indicated that the variable chondrogenic differentiation potential of MSCs obtained from different donors is influenced by the TSP-2 level in the differentiating cells. Thus, the TSP-2 level can be used as a marker to select MSCs with superior chondrogenic differentiation potential for use in cartilage regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Young Jeong
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Ha
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jin
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bae Jeon
- Biomedical Research Institute, R&D Center, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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168
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Shang X, Luo Z, Wang X, Jaeblon T, Marymont JV, Dong Y. Deletion of RBPJK in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Osteogenic Activity by Up-Regulation of BMP Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135971. [PMID: 26285013 PMCID: PMC4540435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have demonstrated the importance of RBPjk-dependent Notch signaling in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation during skeletogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Here we further performed RBPJK loss-of-function experiments to demonstrate for the first time that RBPJK deficient MSC shows enhanced differentiation and osteogenesis acts via up-regulation of the BMP signaling. In the present study, we first compared the spontaneous and osteogenic differentiation in normal and recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJK) deficient human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It was found that RBPJK highly expressed in fresh isolated MSCs and its expression was progressing down-regulated during spontaneous differentiation and even greater in osteogenic media inducted differentiation. Deletion of RBPJK in MSCs not only enhances cell spontaneous differentiation, but also significantly accelerates condition media inducted osteogenic differentiation by showing enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining, gene expression of Runx2, Osteopontin (OPN), Type I collagen (COL1a1) in culture. Additionally, BMP signaling responsive reporter activity and phosphor-smad1/5/8 expression were also significantly increased upon removal of RBPJK in MSCs. These data proved that inhibition of Notch signaling in MSCs promotes cell osteogenic differentiation by up-regulation of BMP signaling, and RBPJK deficient MSC maybe a better cell population for cell-based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifu Shang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengliang Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Todd Jaeblon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - John V. Marymont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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169
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Plasma-Derived Fibronectin Stimulates Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Subchondral Cortico-Spongious Progenitor Cells in Late-Stage Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19477-89. [PMID: 26295224 PMCID: PMC4581308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration and chondrogenesis of human subchondral cortico-spongious progenitor cells (SPCs) are the key steps in the repair of microfracture-induced articular cartilage defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of human plasma-derived fibronectin (Fn) on the chondrogenic differentiation of SPCs, which was isolated from subchondrol cortico-spongious bone of late-stage osteoarthritis (OA) patients. SPCs were isolated and cultured for three passages. Stem cell surface antigens of SPCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. The osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential were detected by histological staining. The chondrogenesis potential of SPCs with or without stimulation of either Fn or BMP-2 were studied by immunochemical staining and gene expression analysis. Cells isolated from subchondral bone presented to be positive for CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD166, and showed high capacity of osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, which suggested this cell population to be MSC-like cells. Stimulating with Fn increased the expression of SOX-9, aggrecan, collagen II while decreased the formation of collagen I by immunochemical staining. Gene expression analysis showed similar results. These results suggest that plasma-derived Fn can increase the chondrogenic differentiation of SPCs isolated from late-stage OA and improve cartilage repair after microfracture.
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170
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Jones E, Schäfer R. Where is the common ground between bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from different donors and species? Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:143. [PMID: 26282627 PMCID: PMC4539918 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) feature promising potential for cellular therapies, yet significant progress in development of MSC therapeutics and assays is hampered because of remarkable MSC heterogeneity in vivo and in vitro. This heterogeneity poses challenges for standardization of MSC characterization and potency assays as well as for MSC study comparability and manufacturing. This review discusses promising marker combinations for prospective MSC subpopulation enrichment and expansion, and reflects MSC phenotype changes due to environment and age. In order to address animal modelling in MSC biology, comparison of mouse and human MSC markers highlights current common ground of MSCs between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds University, Room 5.24 Clinical Sciences Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University Hospital, Sandhofstrasse 1, D-60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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171
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Behbahan IS, Keating A, Gale RP. Bone Marrow Therapies for Chronic Heart Disease. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3212-27. [PMID: 26086629 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a leading cause of death. The demand for new therapies and the potential regenerative capacity of bone marrow-derived cells has led to numerous clinical trials. We critically discuss current knowledge of the biology and clinical application of bone marrow cells. It appears unlikely that bone marrow cells can develop into functional cardiomyocyte after infusion but may have favorable paracrine effects. Most, but not all, clinical trials report a modest short- but not long-term benefit of infusing bone marrow-derived cells. Effect size appears to correlate with stringency of study-design: the most stringent trials report the smallest effect-sizes. We conclude there may be short- but not substantial long-term benefit of infusing bone marrow-derived cells into persons with chronic heart failure and any benefit observed is unlikely to result from trans-differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells into functioning cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Saramipoor Behbahan
- Clinical Observer, Division of Hematology, Stanford MDS Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Armand Keating
- Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Section of Haematology, Division of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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172
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Li Y, Liu F, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Cao S, Li Y, Zhang L, Huang X, Xu Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could acquire the phenotypes of epithelial cells and accelerate vaginal reconstruction combined with small intestinal submucosa. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1225-33. [PMID: 26018040 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Grafting material for vaginal reconstruction commonly includes the bowel, peritoneum, skin, and amniotic membrane. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential of multilineage differentiation into a variety of cells and have been widely explored in tissue engineering. In the current study, we examined whether MSCs could be differentiated to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) upon co-culturing with VECs. We also examined whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is implicated in such differentiation. Co-culture of MSCs with VECs using a transwell insert system (with no direct contact) induced the expression of VECs marker AE1/AE3 in MSCs. MSCs combined with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) scaffold were implanted in place of the native vagina in rats to observe the implications for vaginal reconstruction in vivo. Anatomic repair of neovagina was assessed by histological staining for H/E and Masson's Trichrome. GSK-3β and β-catenin, main members of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, in MSCs were increased upon co-culturing with VECs. Exposure of co-cultured MSCs to a Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator, lithium chloride (LiCl, 20 µM) increased phosphorylated GSK-3β and β-catenin and enhanced expression of AE1/AE3. In vivo-grafted cells displayed significant matrix infiltration and expressed epithelial markers in neovagina. These findings suggest that MSCs could acquire the phenotype of VECs when co-cultured with VECs, possibly via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. MSCs provide an alternative cell source for potential use in vaginal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Mingle Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Shanjin Cao
- Mount Vernon Hospital Affiliated With New York Medical College, 12 N 7th Avenue, Mount Vernon, New York, 10550
| | - Yachai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Hebei University, 213 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xianghua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
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173
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Abstract
Despite substantial clinical advances over the past 65 years, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in America. The past 15 years has witnessed major basic and translational interest in the use of stem and precursor cells as a therapeutic agent for chronically injured organs. Among the cell types under investigation, adult mesenchymal stem cells are widely studied, and in early stage, clinical studies show promise for repair and regeneration of cardiac tissues. The ability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into mesoderm- and nonmesoderm-derived tissues, their immunomodulatory effects, their availability, and their key role in maintaining and replenishing endogenous stem cell niches have rendered them one of the most heavily investigated and clinically tested type of stem cell. Accumulating data from preclinical and early phase clinical trials document their safety when delivered as either autologous or allogeneic forms in a range of cardiovascular diseases, but also importantly define parameters of clinical efficacy that justify further investigation in larger clinical trials. Here, we review the biology of mesenchymal stem cells, their interaction with endogenous molecular and cellular pathways, and their modulation of immune responses. Additionally, we discuss factors that enhance their proliferative and regenerative ability and factors that may hinder their effectiveness in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Karantalis
- From the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, FL
| | - Joshua M Hare
- From the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, FL.
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174
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Silva JC, Sampaio P, Fernandes MH, Gomes PS. The Osteogenic Priming of Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Impaired in Experimental Diabetes. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1658-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Silva
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva Porto 4200-393 Portugal
| | - P. Sampaio
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology (IBMC); Porto Portugal
| | - M. H. Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva Porto 4200-393 Portugal
| | - P. S. Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva Porto 4200-393 Portugal
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175
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Karystinou A, Roelofs AJ, Neve A, Cantatore FP, Wackerhage H, De Bari C. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a negative regulator of chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:147. [PMID: 26025096 PMCID: PMC4449558 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The control of differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) is crucial for tissue engineering strategies employing MSCs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the transcriptional co-factor Yes-associated protein (YAP) regulates chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Methods Expression of total YAP, its paralogue transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and individual YAP transcript variants during in vitro chondrogenesis of human MSCs was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). YAP expression was confirmed by western blotting. To determine the effect of high YAP activity on chondrogenesis, C3H10T1/2 MSC-like cells were transduced with human (h)YAP and treated in micromass with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Chondrogenic differentiation was assessed by alcian blue staining and expression of chondrocyte-lineage genes. BMP signalling was determined by detection of pSmad1,5,8 by western blotting and expression of BMP target genes by quantitative RT-PCR. Finally, YAP and pYAP were detected in mouse embryo hindlimbs by immunohistochemistry. Results YAP, but not TAZ, was downregulated during in vitro chondrogenesis of human MSCs. One of the YAP transcript variants, however, was upregulated in high-density micromass culture. Overexpression of hYAP in murine C3H10T1/2 MSCs inhibited chondrogenic differentiation. High YAP activity in these cells decreased Smad1,5,8 phosphorylation and expression of the BMP target genes Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation (Id)1, Id2 and Id3 in response to BMP-2. In developing mouse limbs, Yap was nuclear in the perichondrium while mostly phosphorylated and cytosolic in cells of the cartilage anlage, suggesting downregulation of Yap co-transcriptional activity during physiological chondrogenesis in vivo. Conclusions Our findings indicate that YAP is a negative regulator of chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Downregulation of YAP is required for chondrogenesis through derepression of chondrogenic signalling. Therapeutic targeting of YAP to promote cartilage repair and prevent secondary osteoarthritis is an exciting prospect in rheumatology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0639-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Karystinou
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Anna Neve
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK. .,Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Francesco P Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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176
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Ku BM, Yune YP, Lee ES, Hah YS, Park JY, Jeong JY, Lee DH, Cho GJ, Choi WS, Kang SS. PKCη Regulates the TGFβ3-induced Chondevrepogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell. Dev Reprod 2015; 17:299-309. [PMID: 25949145 PMCID: PMC4382954 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2013.17.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF) family is well known to induce the chondevrepogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the precise signal transduction pathways and underlying factors are not well known. Thus the present study aims to evaluate the possible role of C2 domain in the chondevrepogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. To this end, 145 C2 domains in the adenovirus were individually transfected to hMSC, and morphological changes were examined. Among 145 C2 domains, C2 domain of protein kinase C eta (PKCη) was selected as a possible chondevrepogenic differentiation factor for hMSC. To confirm this possibility, we treated TGFβ3, a well known chondevrepogenic differentiation factor of hMSC, and examined the increased-expression of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen type II (COL II) as well as PKCη using PT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. To further evaluation of C2 domain of PKCη, we examined morphological changes, expressions of GAG and COL II after transfection of PKCη -C2 domain in hMSC. Overexpression of PKCη-C2 domain induced morphological change and increased GAG and COL II expressions. The present results demonstrate that PKCη involves in the TGF-β3-induced chondevrepogenic differentiation of hMSC, and C2 domain of PKCη has important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Ku
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Phil Yune
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Shin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Clinical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Sung Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
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177
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Li KC, Hu YC. Cartilage tissue engineering: recent advances and perspectives from gene regulation/therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:948-68. [PMID: 25656682 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diseases in articular cartilages affect millions of people. Despite the relatively simple biochemical and cellular composition of articular cartilages, the self-repair ability of cartilage is limited. Successful cartilage tissue engineering requires intricately coordinated interactions between matrerials, cells, biological factors, and phycial/mechanical factors, and still faces a multitude of challenges. This article presents an overview of the cartilage biology, current treatments, recent advances in the materials, biological factors, and cells used in cartilage tissue engineering/regeneration, with strong emphasis on the perspectives of gene regulation (e.g., microRNA) and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
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178
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Cordeiro MF, Horn AP. Stem cell therapy in intracerebral hemorrhage rat model. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:618-629. [PMID: 25914768 PMCID: PMC4404396 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a very complex pathology, with many different not fully elucidated etiologies and prognostics. It is the most severe subtype of stroke, with high mortality and morbidity rates. Unfortunately, despite the numerous promising preclinical assays including neuroprotective, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory drugs, to this moment only symptomatic treatments are available, motivating the search for new alternatives. In this context, stem cell therapy emerged as a promising tool. However, more than a decade has passed, and there is still much to be learned not only about stem cells, but also about ICH itself, and how these two pieces come together. To date, rats have been the most widely used animal model in this research field, and there is much more to be learned from and about them. In this review, we first summarize ICH epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. We then present different methods utilized to induce ICH in rats, and examine how accurately they represent the human disease. Next, we discuss the different types of stem cells used in previous ICH studies, also taking into account the tested transplantation sites. Finally, we summarize what has been achieved in assays with stem cells in rat models of ICH, and point out some relevant issues where attention must be given in future efforts.
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179
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Li YY, Choy TH, Ho FC, Chan PB. Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. Biomaterials 2015; 52:208-20. [PMID: 25818427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. We also studied the fate of the MSCs by evaluating the major chondrogenic markers at both the gene and protein level. In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. In AC, MSC chondrogenesis was completely inhibited but the scaffold still supported cell survival. The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. In ACG, although the MSCs did not express integrin α2, they did express integrin αv and there was strong co-localization and hence functional binding between αv and fibronectin. In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Yin Li
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tze Hang Choy
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fu Chak Ho
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pui Barbara Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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180
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Hou C, Yang Z, Kang Y, Zhang Z, Fu M, He A, Zhang Z, Liao W. MiR-193b regulates early chondrogenesis by inhibiting the TGF-beta2 signaling pathway. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1040-7. [PMID: 25728278 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage generation and degradation are regulated by miRNAs. Our previous study has shown altered expression of miR-193b in chondrogenic human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). In the current study, we investigated the role of miR-193b in chondrogenesis and cartilage degradation. Luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-193b targeted seed sequences of the TGFB2 and TGFBR3 3'-UTRs. MiR-193b suppressed the expression of early chondrogenic markers in chondrogenic ATDC5 cells, and TNF-alpha expression in IL-1b-induced PMCs. In conclusion, MiR-193b may inhibit early chondrogenesis by targeting TGFB2 and TGFBR3, and may regulate inflammation by repressing TNF-alpha expression in inflamed chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Hou
- Joint Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zibo Yang
- Joint Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Joint Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Joint Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Joint Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Aishan He
- Joint Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Joint Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Weiming Liao
- Joint Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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181
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Konstantinou D, Lei M, Xia Z, Kanamarlapudi V. Growth factors mediated differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to cardiac polymicrotissue using hanging drop and bioreactor. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:502-7. [PMID: 25492631 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the major leading cause of death worldwide and the use of stem cells promises new ways for its treatment. The relatively easy and quick acquisition of human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) and their properties make them useful for the treatment of cardiac diseases. Therefore, the main aim of this investigation was to create cardiac polymicrotissue from HUMSCs using a combination of growth factors [sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and suramin] and techniques (hanging drop and bioreactor). Using designated culture conditions of the growth factors (100 nM S1P and 500 µM suramin), cardiomyocyte differentiation medium (CDM), hanging drop, bioreactor and differentiation for 7 days, a potential specific cardiac polymicrotissue was derived from HUMSCs. The effectiveness of growth factors alone or in combination in differentiation of HUMSCs to cardiac polymicrotissue was analysed by assessing the presence of cardiac markers by immunocytochemistry. This analysis demonstrated the importance of those growth factors for the differentiation. This study for the first time demonstrated the formation of a cardiac polymicrotissue under specific culture conditions. The polymicrotissue thus obtained may be used in future as a 'patch' to cover the injured cardiac region and would thereby be useful for the treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Konstantinou
- School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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182
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Li C, Luo T, Zheng Z, Murphy AR, Wang X, Kaplan DL. Curcumin-functionalized silk materials for enhancing adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:222-32. [PMID: 25132274 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural phenolic compound derived from the plant Curcuma longa, was physically entrapped and stabilized in silk hydrogel films, and its influence on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) was assessed related to adipogenic differentiation. The presence of curcumin significantly reduced the silk gelation time and changed the porous morphology of gel matrix, but did not change the formation of the silk beta-sheet structure. Based on spectrofluorimetric analysis, curcumin most likely interacted with hydrophobic residues in silk, interacting with the beta-sheet domains formed in the hydrogels. The antioxidant activity of silk film-associated curcumin remained functional over at least one month in both the dry and hydrated state. Negligible curcumin was released from silk hydrogel films over 48 h incubation in aqueous solution. For hBMSC cultured on silk films containing more than 0.25 mg ml(-1) curcumin, cell proliferation was inhibited, while adipogenesis was significantly promoted based on transcripts as well as Oil Red O staining. When hBMSC were cultured in media containing free curcumin, both proliferation and adipogenesis of hBMSC were inhibited when curcumin concentrations exceeded 5 μM, which is more than 1000 times higher than the level of curcumin released from the films in aqueous solution. Thus, silk film-associated curcumin exhibited different effects on hBMSC proliferation and differentiation compared with curcumin in solution.
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183
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Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are major regulatory proteins that can govern cell fate, migration, and organization. Numerous aspects of the cell milieu can modulate cell responses to GFs, and GF regulation is often achieved by the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For example, the ECM can sequester GFs and thereby control GF bioavailability. In addition, GFs can exert distinct effects depending on whether they are sequestered in solution, at two-dimensional interfaces, or within three-dimensional matrices. Understanding how the context of GF sequestering impacts cell function in the native ECM can instruct the design of soluble or insoluble GF sequestering moieties, which can then be used in a variety of bioengineering applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of the natural mechanisms of GF sequestering in the cell milieu, and reviews the recent bioengineering approaches that have sequestered GFs to modulate cell function. Results to date demonstrate that the cell response to GF sequestering depends on the affinity of the sequestering interaction, the spatial proximity of sequestering in relation to cells, the source of the GF (supplemented or endogenous), and the phase of the sequestering moiety (soluble or insoluble). We highlight the importance of context for the future design of biomaterials that can leverage endogenous molecules in the cell milieu and mitigate the need for supplemented factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ngoc Nhi Le
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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184
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Wang L, Li Z, Li Z, Yu B, Wang Y. Long noncoding RNAs expression signatures in chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:459-64. [PMID: 25482444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been established to participate in various biological processes that are crucial for development and differentiation. However, the roles of lncRNAs in the mechanisms of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation are not completely understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the expression profiles of lncRNAs during the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs, with a view to studying the biological function of lncRNAs and their involvement in the mechanism of differentiation. We compared the lncRNAs expression profiles of undifferentiated and differentiated cells during chondrogenic differentiation by microarray. 3638 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified (fold-change >2.0 or <-2.0, P<0.05), consisting of 2166 up-regulated and 1472 down-regulated. Microarray data were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatic analyses were applied for further study of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Among these lncRNAs, ZBED3-AS1 and CTA-941F9.9 were further analyzed with co-expression network and target prediction analysis. The results showed that the two up-regulated lncRNAs are likely to play important roles in chondrogenic differentiation process. In conclusion, the expression profile of lncRNAs was significantly altered during differentiation process. It provided a new insight on complicated regulation mechanisms of human bone marrow MSCs chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhengyao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ziquan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Beijing 100730, China.
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185
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Marędziak M, Marycz K, Lewandowski D, Siudzińska A, Śmieszek A. Static magnetic field enhances synthesis and secretion of membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs) rich in VEGF and BMP-2 in equine adipose-derived stromal cells (EqASCs)-a new approach in veterinary regenerative medicine. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 51:230-40. [PMID: 25428200 PMCID: PMC4368852 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work study was to evaluate the cytophysiological activity of equine adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) cultured under conditions of static magnetic field. Investigated cells were exposed to a static magnetic field (MF) with the intensity of 0.5 T. In order to investigate the effects of magnetic field on stem cell signaling, the localization and density and content of microvesicles (MVs) as well as morphology, ultrastructure, and proliferation rate of equine ASCs were evaluated. Results showed that potential of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells was accelerated when magnetic field was applied. Resazurin-based assay indicated that the cells cultured in the magnetic field reached the population doubling time earlier and colony-forming potential of equine ASCs was higher when cells were cultured under magnetic field conditions. Morphological and ultrastructural examination of equine ASCs showed that the exposure to magnetic field did not cause any significant changes in cell morphology whereas the polarity of the cells was observed under the magnetic field conditions in ultrastructural examinations. Exposition to MF resulted in a considerable increase in the number of secreted MVs—we have clearly observed the differences between the numbers of MVs shed from the cells cultured under MF in comparison to the control culture and were rich in growth factors. Microvesicles derived from ASCs cultured in the MF condition might be utilized in the stem cell-based treatment of equine musculoskeletal disorders and tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Marędziak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Kozuchowska 5b, 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland,
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186
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Huang X, Bai S, Lu Q, Liu X, Liu S, Zhu H. Osteoinductive-nanoscaled silk/HA composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1402-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Shumeng Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Hesun Zhu
- Research Center of Materials Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
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U0126 promotes osteogenesis of rat bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by activating BMP/Smad signaling pathway. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:537-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jenei-Lanzl Z, Grässel S, Pongratz G, Kees F, Miosge N, Angele P, Straub RH. Norepinephrine inhibition of mesenchymal stem cell and chondrogenic progenitor cell chondrogenesis and acceleration of chondrogenic hypertrophy. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2472-81. [PMID: 24819295 DOI: 10.1002/art.38695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal progenitor cell chondrogenesis is the biologic platform for the generation or regeneration of cartilage, but the external influence of the sympathetic nervous system on this process is not yet known. Sympathetic nerve fibers are present in articular tissue, and the sympathetic nervous system influences the musculoskeletal system by, for example, increasing osteoclastogenesis. This study was initiated to explore the role of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-dependent and cartilage progenitor cell (CPC)-dependent chondrogenesis. METHODS Using human MSCs or CPCs, chondrogenic differentiation was induced in the presence of NE, the specific β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist isoproterenol, and the specific β-AR antagonist nadolol. We studied sympathetic nerve fibers, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, catecholamine biosynthesis, and synovial fluid levels in human joints, as well as cartilage-specific matrix deposition during differentiation. RESULTS TH+ sympathetic nerve fibers were present in the synovial tissue, meniscus, and subchondral bone marrow. In addition, synovial fluid from patients with knee trauma demonstrated high concentrations of NE. During MSC or CPC chondrogenesis, β-AR were expressed. Chondrogenic aggregates treated with NE or isoproterenol synthesized lower amounts of type II collagen and glycosaminoglycans. NE and isoproterenol treatment dose-dependently increased the levels of cartilage hypertrophy markers (type X collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 13). Nadolol reversed the inhibition of chondrogenesis and the up-regulation of cartilage hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate NE-dependent inhibition of chondrogenesis and acceleration of hypertrophic differentiation. By inhibiting cartilage repair, these sympathetic influences can be important after joint trauma. These findings may be a basis for novel neurochondrogenic therapeutic options.
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Strong AL, Ohlstein JF, Jiang Q, Zhang Q, Zheng S, Boue SM, Elliott S, Gimble JM, Burow ME, Wang G, Bunnell BA. Novel daidzein analogs enhance osteogenic activity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells through estrogen receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:105. [PMID: 25168698 PMCID: PMC4355363 DOI: 10.1186/scrt493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures. Studies have demonstrated the use of phytoestrogens, or plant-derived estrogens, such as genistein and daidzein, to effectively increase osteogenic activity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Herein, the effects of daidzein analogs on the osteogenic differentiation efficiency of human BMSC and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) were explored. METHODS BMSCs and ASCs underwent osteogenic differentiation in the presence of vehicle, 17β-estradiol (E2), phytoestrogens, or daidzein analogs. Cells were stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic activity, calcium deposition by alizarin red s, and phosphate mineralization by silver nitrate. Gene expression analysis was conducted on cells treated with daidzein analogs. RESULTS Cells treated with E2, daidzein, or genistein increased calcium deposition by 1.6-, 1.5-, and 1.4-fold, respectively, relative to vehicle-treated BMSCs and 1.6-, 1.7-, and 1.4-fold relative to vehicle-treated ASCs, respectively. BMSCs treated with daidzein analog 2c, 2g, and 2l demonstrated a 1.6-, 1.6-, and 1.9-fold increase in calcium deposition relative to vehicle-treated BMSCs, respectively, while ASCs treated with daidzein analog 2c, 2g, or 2l demonstrated a 1.7-, 2.0-, and 2.2-fold increase in calcium deposition relative to vehicle-treated ASCs, respectively. Additional analysis with BMSCs and ASCs was conducted in the more efficient compounds: 2g and 2l. ALP activity and phosphate mineralization was increased in 2g- and 2l-treated cells. The analysis of lineage specific gene expression demonstrated increased expression of key osteogenic genes (RUNX2, c-FOS, SPARC, DLX5, SPP1, COL1A1, IGF1, SOST, and DMP1) and earlier induction of these lineage specific genes, following treatment with 2g or 2l, relative to vehicle-treated cells. Estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor studies demonstrated that ER antagonist fulvestrant inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of 2g in BMSCs and ASCs, while fulvestrant only attenuated the effects of 2l, suggesting that 2l acts by both ER dependent and independent pathways. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide support for exploring the therapeutic efficacy of daidzein derivatives for the treatment of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the patterns of gene induction differed following treatment with each daidzein analog, suggesting that these daidzein analogs activate distinct ER and non-ER pathways to induce differentiation in BMSCs and ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Jason F Ohlstein
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Shilong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Stephen M Boue
- US Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA.
| | - Steven Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Activation of multiple signaling pathways during the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells cultured in a silicon nanowire microenvironment. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1153-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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191
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Alexander PG, Gottardi R, Lin H, Lozito TP, Tuan RS. Three-dimensional osteogenic and chondrogenic systems to model osteochondral physiology and degenerative joint diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1080-95. [PMID: 24994814 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214539232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered constructs have the potential to function as in vitro pre-clinical models of normal tissue function and disease pathogenesis for drug screening and toxicity assessment. Effective high throughput assays demand minimal systems with clearly defined performance parameters. These systems must accurately model the structure and function of the human organs and their physiological response to different stimuli. Musculoskeletal tissues present unique challenges in this respect, as they are load-bearing, matrix-rich tissues whose functionality is intimately connected to the extracellular matrix and its organization. Of particular clinical importance is the osteochondral junction, the target tissue affected in degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), which consists of hyaline articular cartilage in close interaction with subchondral bone. In this review, we present an overview of currently available in vitro three-dimensional systems for bone and cartilage tissue engineering that mimic native physiology, and the utility and limitations of these systems. Specifically, we address the need to combine bone, cartilage and other tissues to form an interactive microphysiological system (MPS) to fully capture the biological complexity and mechanical functions of the osteochondral junction of the articular joint. The potential applications of three-dimensional MPSs for musculoskeletal biology and medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, I-90133 Italy
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Thomas P Lozito
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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192
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Eid AA, Hussein KA, Niu LN, Li GH, Watanabe I, Al-Shabrawey M, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Effects of tricalcium silicate cements on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3327-34. [PMID: 24726977 PMCID: PMC4058646 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tricalcium silicate cements have been successfully employed in the biomedical field as bioactive bone and dentin substitutes, with widely acclaimed osteoactive properties. This research analyzed the effects of different tricalcium silicate cement formulations on the temporal osteoactivity profile of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMW-MSCs). These cells were exposed to four commercially available tricalcium silicate cement formulations in osteogenic differentiation medium. After 1, 3, 7 and 10 days, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to detect expression of the target osteogenic markers ALP, RUNX2, OSX, OPN, MSX2 and OCN. After 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, alkaline phosphatase assay was performed to detect changes in intracellular enzyme level. An Alizarin Red S assay was performed after 28 days to detect extracellular matrix mineralization. In the presence of tricalcium silicate cements, target osteogenic markers were downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels at all time points. Intracellular alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels and extracellular mineralization of the experimental groups were not significantly different from the untreated control. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed increases in downregulation of RUNX2, OSX, MSX2 and OCN with increasing time of exposure to the tricalcium silicate cements, while ALP showed peak downregulation at day 7. For Western blotting, OSX, OPN, MSX2 and OCN showed increased downregulation with increased exposure time to the tested cements. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels generally declined after day 7. Based on these results, it is concluded that tricalcium silicate cements do not induce osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Eid
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Material Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Khaled A Hussein
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Oral and Dental Research Division, Department of Surgery and Medicine, National Research Center, Egypt
| | - Li-na Niu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-hua Li
- Department of Stomatology, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ikuya Watanabe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Material Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Graduate Studies, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David H Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Graduate Studies, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Graduate Studies, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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193
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Eckert RL, Kaartinen MT, Nurminskaya M, Belkin AM, Colak G, Johnson GVW, Mehta K. Transglutaminase regulation of cell function. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:383-417. [PMID: 24692352 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are multifunctional proteins having enzymatic and scaffolding functions that participate in regulation of cell fate in a wide range of cellular systems and are implicated to have roles in development of disease. This review highlights the mechanism of action of these proteins with respect to their structure, impact on cell differentiation and survival, role in cancer development and progression, and function in signal transduction. We also discuss the mechanisms whereby TG level is controlled and how TGs control downstream targets. The studies described herein begin to clarify the physiological roles of TGs in both normal biology and disease states.
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194
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Zhen G, Cao X. Targeting TGFβ signaling in subchondral bone and articular cartilage homeostasis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:227-36. [PMID: 24745631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and no disease-modifying therapy for OA is currently available. Targeting articular cartilage alone may not be sufficient to halt this disease progression. Articular cartilage and subchondral bone act as a functional unit. Increasing evidence indicates that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of both articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Activation of extracellular matrix (ECM) latent TGFβ at the appropriate time and location is a prerequisite for its function. Aberrant activation of TGFβ in the subchondral bone in response to an abnormal mechanical loading environment induces formation of osteroid islets at the onset of OA. As a result, alteration of subchondral bone structure changes the stress distribution on the articular cartilage and leads to its degeneration. Thus, inhibition of TGFβ activity in the subchondral bone may provide a new avenue of treatment for OA. In this review we will discuss the role of TGFβ in the homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone as a novel target for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 229, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 229, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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195
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Potier E, Rivron NC, Van Blitterswijk CA, Ito K. Micro-aggregates do not influence bone marrow stromal cell chondrogenesis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 10:1021-1032. [PMID: 24700552 DOI: 10.1002/term.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) appear promising for cartilage repair, current clinical results are suboptimal and the success of BMSC-based therapies relies on a number of methodological improvements, among which is better understanding and control of their differentiation pathways. We investigated here the role of the cellular environment (paracrine vs juxtacrine signalling) in the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Bovine BMSCs were encapsulated in alginate beads, as dispersed cells or as small micro-aggregates, to create different paracrine and juxtacrine signalling conditions. BMSCs were then cultured for 21 days with TGFβ3 added for 0, 7 or 21 days. Chondrogenic differentiation was assessed at the gene (type II and X collagens, aggrecan, TGFβ, sp7) and matrix (biochemical assays and histology) levels. The results showed that micro-aggregates had no beneficial effects over dispersed cells: matrix production was similar, whereas chondrogenic marker gene expression was lower for the micro-aggregates, under all TGFβ conditions tested. This weakened chondrogenic differentiation might be explained by a different cytoskeleton organization at day 0 in the micro-aggregates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Potier
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - N C Rivron
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - C A Van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - K Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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196
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Bidarra SJ, Barrias CC, Granja PL. Injectable alginate hydrogels for cell delivery in tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1646-62. [PMID: 24334143 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alginate hydrogels are extremely versatile and adaptable biomaterials, with great potential for use in biomedical applications. Their extracellular matrix-like features have been key factors for their choice as vehicles for cell delivery strategies aimed at tissue regeneration. A variety of strategies to decorate them with biofunctional moieties and to modulate their biophysical properties have been developed recently, which further allow their tailoring to the desired application. Additionally, their potential use as injectable materials offers several advantages over preformed scaffold-based approaches, namely: easy incorporation of therapeutic agents, such as cells, under mild conditions; minimally invasive local delivery; and high contourability, which is essential for filling in irregular defects. Alginate hydrogels have already been explored as cell delivery systems to enhance regeneration in different tissues and organs. Here, the in vitro and in vivo potential of injectable alginate hydrogels to deliver cells in a targeted fashion is reviewed. In each example, the selected crosslinking approach, the cell type, the target tissue and the main findings of the study are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia J Bidarra
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro L Granja
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Kondoh S, Inoue K, Igarashi K, Sugizaki H, Shirode-Fukuda Y, Inoue E, Yu T, Takeuchi JK, Kanno J, Bonewald LF, Imai Y. Estrogen receptor α in osteocytes regulates trabecular bone formation in female mice. Bone 2014; 60:68-77. [PMID: 24333171 PMCID: PMC3944732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are well known steroid hormones necessary to maintain bone health. In addition, mechanical loading, in which estrogen signaling may intersect with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is essential for bone maintenance. As osteocytes are known as the major mechanosensory cells embedded in mineralized bone matrix, osteocyte ERα deletion mice (ERα(ΔOcy/ΔOcy)) were generated by mating ERα floxed mice with Dmp1-Cre mice to determine the role of ERα in osteocytes. Trabecular bone mineral density of female, but not male ERα(ΔOcy/ΔOcy) mice was significantly decreased. Bone formation parameters in ERα(ΔOcy/ΔOcy) were significantly decreased while osteoclast parameters were unchanged. This suggests that ERα in osteocytes exerts osteoprotective function by positively controlling bone formation. To identify potential targets of ERα, gene array analysis of Dmp1-GFP osteocytes sorted by FACS from ERα(ΔOcy/ΔOcy) and control mice was performed. Gene expression microarray followed by gene ontology analyses revealed that osteocytes from ERα(ΔOcy/ΔOcy) highly expressed genes categorized in 'Secreted' when compared to control osteocytes. Among them, expression of Mdk and Sostdc1, both of which are Wnt inhibitors, was significantly increased without alteration of expression of the mature osteocyte markers such as Sost and β-catenin. Moreover, hindlimb suspension experiments showed that trabecular bone loss due to unloading was greater in ERα(ΔOcy/ΔOcy) mice without cortical bone loss. These data suggest that ERα in osteocytes has osteoprotective functions in trabecular bone formation through regulating expression of Wnt antagonists, but conversely plays a negative role in cortical bone loss due to unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Kondoh
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Skeletal Diseases, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Skeletal Diseases, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan; Department of Biological Resources, Integrated Center for Science, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Sugizaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shirode-Fukuda
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Skeletal Diseases, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erina Inoue
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Skeletal Diseases, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiyong Yu
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Skeletal Diseases, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun K Takeuchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; JST PRESTO, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Skeletal Diseases, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan.
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Alexeev V, Arita M, Donahue A, Bonaldo P, Chu ML, Igoucheva O. Human adipose-derived stem cell transplantation as a potential therapy for collagen VI-related congenital muscular dystrophy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:21. [PMID: 24522088 PMCID: PMC4054951 DOI: 10.1186/scrt411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle weakness within the first two years of life. Collagen VI-related muscle disorders have recently emerged as one of the most common types of CMD. COL6 CMD is caused by deficiency and/or dysfunction of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen VI. Currently, there is no specific treatment for this disabling and life-threatening disease. The primary cellular targets for collagen VI CMD therapy are fibroblasts in muscle, tendon and skin, as opposed to muscle cells for other types of muscular dystrophies. However, recent advances in stem cell research have raised the possibility that use of adult stem cells may provide dramatic new therapies for treatment of COL6 CMD. Methods Here, we developed a procedure for isolation of human stem cells from the adipose layer of neonatal skin. The adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) were examined for expression of ECM and related genes using gene expression array analysis. The therapeutic potential of ADSC was assessed after a single intramuscular transplantation in collagen VI-deficient mice. Results Analysis of primary cultures confirmed that established ADSC represent a morphologically homogenous population with phenotypic and functional features of adult mesenchymal stem cells. A comprehensive gene expression analysis showed that ADSC express a vast array of ECM genes. Importantly, it was observed that ADSC synthesize and secrete all three collagen VI chains, suggesting suitability of ADSC for COL6 CMD treatment. Furthermore, we have found that a single intramuscular transplantation of ADSC into Col6a1−/−Rag1−/− mice under physiological and cardiotoxin-induced injury/regeneration conditions results in efficient engraftment and migration of stem cells within the skeletal muscle. Importantly, we showed that ADSC can survive long-term and continuously secrete the therapeutic collagen VI protein missing in the mutant mice. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that stem cell therapy can potentially provide a new avenue for the treatment of COL6 CMD and other muscular disorders and injuries.
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Liu Z, Jiang Z, Huang J, Huang S, Li Y, Sheng F, Yu S, Yu S, Liu X. Mesenchymal stem cells show little tropism for the resting and differentiated cancer stem cell-like glioma cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1223-32. [PMID: 24481670 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance of glioma cells to radiation and chemotherapy is currently hypothesized to be partially attributed to the existence of cancer stem cells. Emerging studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells may serve as a potential carrier for delivery of therapeutic genes to disseminated glioma cells. However, the tropism character of mesenchymal stem cells for cancer stem cell-like glioma cells has rarely been described. In this study, we obtained homologous bone marrow-derived (BM-) and adipose tissue-derived (AT-) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblast, and cancer stem cell-like glioma cells (CSGCs) from tumor-bearing mice, and compared the tropism character of BM- and AT-MSCs for CSGCs with various form of existence. To characterize the cell proliferation and differentiation, the spheroids of CSGCs were cultured on the surface of the substrate with different stiffness, combined with or withdrew basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in medium. Our results showed that the CSGCs during the process of cell proliferation, but not in resting and differentiated status, display strong tropism characteristics on both BM- and AT-MSCs, as well as the expression of their cell chemokine factors which mediate cell migration. If the conclusion is further confirmed, it may expose a fatal flaw of MSCs as tumor-targeted delivery of therapeutic agents in the treatment of the CSGCs, even other cancer stem cells, because there always exist a part of cancer stem cells that are in resting status. Overall, our findings provide novel insight into the complex issue of the MSCs as drug delivery in the treatment of brain tumors, especially in tumor stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shuqiang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yanxia Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Sheng
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Simiao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shizhu Yu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Bi LK, Zhou N, Liu C, Lu FD, Lin TX, Xuan XJ, Jiang C, Han JL, Huang H, Zhang CX, Dong W, Liu H, Huang J, Xu KW. Kidney cancer cells secrete IL-8 to activate Akt and promote migration of mesenchymal stem cells. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:607-12. [PMID: 24412633 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that have the capability of homing to cancer cells. Thus, MSCs play an important role in the development, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancers. The mechanisms underlying the homing of MSCs in kidney cancer are still poorly understood. METHODS In the present study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of IL-8 in patients with kidney cancer and in the culture medium of kidney cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were utilized to explore the main receptor for IL-8 in MSCs. Transwell migration assay was performed to measure the migration ability of MSCs and Western blot test was performed to test the activation of signaling pathways. RESULTS The serum level of IL-8 was markedly increased in patients with kidney cancer, and 2 kidney cancer cell lines were found to secrete IL-8. MSCs had high expression of the IL-8 receptor (CXCR2). Blocking IL-8 or CXCR2 could decrease the migration ability of MSCs. IL-8 could significantly increase Akt phosphorylation in MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Kidney cancer cells secrete IL-8 to activate the Akt signaling pathway via CXCR2 on MSCs, inducing the migration of MSCs, which may be one of the important mechanisms underlying the homing of MSCs in kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-kuan Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Ding Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Xin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Jun Xuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Li Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Wei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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