151
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Wang Z, Zhi K, Ding Z, Sun Y, Li S, Li M, Pu K, Zou J. Emergence in protein derived nanomedicine as anticancer therapeutics: More than a tour de force. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 69:77-90. [PMID: 31962173 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has thwarted as a major health problem affecting the global population. With an alarming increase in the patient population suffering from diverse varieties of cancers, the global demographic data predicts sharp escalation in the number of cancer patients. This can be expected to reach 420 million cases by 2025. Among the diverse types of cancers, the most frequently diagnosed cancers are the breast, colorectal, prostate and lung cancer. From years, conventional treatment approaches like surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been practiced. In the past few years, increasing research on molecular level diagnosis and treatment of cancers have significantly changed the realm of cancer treatment. Lately, uses of advanced chemotherapy and immunotherapy like treatments have gained significant progress in the cancer therapy, but these approaches have several limitations on their safety and toxicity. This has generated lot of momentum for the evolution of new drug delivery approaches for the effective delivery of anticancer therapeutics, which may improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect of the drugs along with significant reduction in the side effects. In this regard, the protein-based nano-medicines have gained wider attention in the management of cancer. Proteins are organic macromolecules essential, for life and have quite well explored in developing the nano-carriers. Furthermore, it provides passive or active tumour cell targeted delivery, by using protein based nanovesicles or virus like structures, antibody drug conjugates, viral particles, etc. Moreover, by utilizing various formulation strategies, both the animal and plant derived proteins can be converted to produce self-assembled virus like nano-metric structures with high efficiency in targeting the metastatic cancer cells. Therefore, the present review extensively discusses the applications of protein-based nano-medicine with special emphasis on intracellular delivery/drug targeting ability for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Spleen, Stomach and Liver Diseases, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi, Nanning, 530201, China
| | - Kangkang Zhi
- Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- General Surgery, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 214023, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Oncology Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang, Jiamu, 154003, China
| | - Manyuan Li
- Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Maternal and Infant Hospital, Liaoning, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Kefeng Pu
- Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
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152
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Weng Y, Huang Q, Li C, Yang Y, Wang X, Yu J, Huang Y, Liang XJ. Improved Nucleic Acid Therapy with Advanced Nanoscale Biotechnology. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:581-601. [PMID: 31927331 PMCID: PMC6957827 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to a series of systemic and intracellular obstacles in nucleic acid (NA) therapy, including fast degradation in blood, renal clearance, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient endosomal escape, NAs may need delivery methods to transport to the cell nucleus or cytosol to be effective. Advanced nanoscale biotechnology-associated strategies, such as controlling the particle size, charge, drug loading, response to environmental signals, or other physical/chemical properties of delivery carriers, have provided great help for the in vivo and in vitro delivery of NA therapeutics. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of different NA modalities and illustrate how advanced nanoscale biotechnology assists NA therapy. The specific features and challenges of various nanocarriers in clinical and preclinical studies are summarized and discussed. With the help of advanced nanoscale biotechnology, some of the major barriers to the development of NA therapy will eventually be overcome in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
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153
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Batır MB, Şahin E, Çam FS. Evaluation of the CRISPR/Cas9 directed mutant TP53 gene repairing effect in human prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6471-6484. [PMID: 31571107 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common health problem among men worldwide and most of these prostate cancer cases are related to a dysfunctional mutant Tumor Protein p53 (TP53) gene. However, the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used for repairing of a dysfunctional mutant TP53 gene in combination with donor single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) via cells' own homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CRISPR/Cas9 repairing efficiency on TP53 414delC (p.K139fs*31) null mutation, located in the TP53 gene, of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in combination with ssODNs. According to the next-generation sequencing results, TP53 414delC mutation was repaired with an efficiency of 19.95% and 26.0% at the TP53 414delC position with ssODN1 and ssODN2 accompanied by sgRNA2 guided CRISPR/Cas9, respectively. Besides, qPCR and immunofluorescence analysis showed that PC-3 cells, the TP53 414delC mutation of which were repaired, expressed wild type p53 again. Also, significantly increased number of apoptotic cells, driven by the repaired TP53 gene were detected compared to the control cells by flow cytometry analysis. As a result, sgRNA2 guided CRISPR/Cas9 system accompanied by ssODN was shown to effectively repair the TP53 414delC gene region and inhibit the cell proliferation of PC-3 cells. Therefore, the effects of the TP53 414delC mutation repairment in PC-3 cells will be investigated in the in vivo models for tumor clearance analysis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Burak Batır
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Ergin Şahin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fethi Sırrı Çam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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154
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The Association and Significance of p53 in Gynecologic Cancers: The Potential of Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215482. [PMID: 31689961 PMCID: PMC6862296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of p53 is observed in the many malignant tumors. In cervical cancer, p53 is inactivated by degradation through the complex with human papilloma virus (HPV) oncoprotein E6 and E6-associated protein (E6AP), an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. In endometrial cancer, overexpression of p53 in immunohistochemistry is a significant prognostic factor. A discrepancy between p53 overexpression and TP53 mutations is observed in endometrioid endometrial cancer, indicating that the accumulation of p53 protein can be explained by not only gene mutations but also dysregulation of the factors such as ERβ and MDM2. Furthermore, the double-positive expression of immunoreactive estrogen receptor (ER) β and p53 proteins is closely associated with the incidence of metastasis and/or recurrence. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) arises from secretary cells in the fallopian tube. The secretary cell outgrowth (SCOUT) with TP53 mutations progresses to HGSC via the p53 signature, serous intraepithelial lesion (STIL), and serous intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), indicating that TP53 mutation is associated with carcinogenesis of HGSC. Clinical application targeting p53 has been approved for some malignant tumors. Gene therapy by the adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer system is performed for head and neck cancer. A clinical phase III trial using MDM2/X inhibitors, idasanutlin (RG7388) combined with cytarabine, is being performed involving relapse/refractory acute myeloid leukemia patients. The use of adenoviruses as live vectors which encode wild-type p53 has given promising results in cervical cancer patients.
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155
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic Surgery, Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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156
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Riera R, Feiner-Gracia N, Fornaguera C, Cascante A, Borrós S, Albertazzi L. Tracking the DNA complexation state of pBAE polyplexes in cells with super resolution microscopy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17869-17877. [PMID: 31552987 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The future of gene therapy relies on the development of efficient and safe delivery vectors. Poly(β-amino ester)s are promising cationic polymers capable of condensing oligonucleotides into nanoparticles - polyplexes - and deliver them into the cell nucleus, where the gene material would be expressed. The complexation state during the crossing of biological barriers is crucial: polymers should tightly complex DNA before internalization and then release to allow free DNA to reach the nucleus. However, measuring the complexation state in cells is challenging due to the nanometric size of polyplexes and the difficulties to study the two components (polymer and DNA) independently. Here we propose a method to visualize and quantify the two components of a polyplex inside cells, with nanometre scale resolution, using two-colour direct stochastic reconstruction super-resolution microscopy (dSTORM). With our approach, we tracked the complexation state of pBAE polyplexes from cell binding to DNA release and nuclear entry revealing time evolution and the final fate of DNA and pBAE polymers in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Riera
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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157
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Cervical cancer and HPV infection: ongoing therapeutic research to counteract the action of E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2044-2057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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158
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Shahryari A, Saghaeian Jazi M, Mohammadi S, Razavi Nikoo H, Nazari Z, Hosseini ES, Burtscher I, Mowla SJ, Lickert H. Development and Clinical Translation of Approved Gene Therapy Products for Genetic Disorders. Front Genet 2019; 10:868. [PMID: 31608113 PMCID: PMC6773888 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of gene therapy is striving more than ever to define a path to the clinic and the market. Twenty gene therapy products have already been approved and over two thousand human gene therapy clinical trials have been reported worldwide. These advances raise great hope to treat devastating rare and inherited diseases as well as incurable illnesses. Understanding of the precise pathomechanisms of diseases as well as the development of efficient and specific gene targeting and delivery tools are revolutionizing the global market. Currently, human cancers and monogenic disorders are indications number one. The elevated prevalence of genetic disorders and cancers, clear gene manipulation guidelines and increasing financial support for gene therapy in clinical trials are major trends. Gene therapy is presently starting to become commercially profitable as a number of gene and cell-based gene therapy products have entered the market and the clinic. This article reviews the history and development of twenty approved human gene and cell-based gene therapy products that have been approved up-to-now in clinic and markets of mainly North America, Europe and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shahryari
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marie Saghaeian Jazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nazari
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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159
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Crommelin DJA, Mastrobattista E, Hawe A, Hoogendoorn KH, Jiskoot W. Shifting Paradigms Revisited: Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical Sciences. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:30-43. [PMID: 31449815 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2003, Crommelin et al. published an article titled: "Shifting paradigms: biopharmaceuticals versus low molecular weight drugs" (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00376-4). In the present commentary, 16 years later, we discuss pharmaceutically relevant aspects of the evolution of biologics since then. First, we discuss the increasing repertoire of biologics, in particular, the rapidly growing monoclonal antibody family and the advent of advanced therapy medicinal products. Next, we discuss trends in formulation and characterization as well as summarize our current insights into immunogenicity of biologics. We spend a separate section on new product(ion) paradigms for biologics, such as cell-free production systems, production of advanced therapy medicinal products, and downscaled production approaches. Furthermore, we share our views on issues related to reaching the patient, including routes and techniques of administration, alternative development models for affordable biologics, biosimilars, and handling of biologics. In the concluding section, we outline outstanding issues and make some suggestions for resolving those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karin H Hoogendoorn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Hospital Pharmacy, Interdivisional GMP Facility, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma, Martinsried, Germany; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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160
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Khalil IA, Sato Y, Harashima H. Recent advances in the targeting of systemically administered non-viral gene delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1037-1050. [PMID: 31432700 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1656196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemically administered non-viral gene delivery systems face multiple biological barriers that decrease their efficiency. These systems are rapidly cleared from the circulation and sufficient concentrations do not accumulate in diseased tissues. A number of targeting strategies can be used to provide for sufficient accumulation in the desired tissues to achieve a therapeutic effect. Areas covered: We discuss recent advances in the targeting of non-viral gene delivery systems to different tissues after systemic administration. We compare passive and active targeting applied for tumor delivery and propose some strategies that can be used to overcome the drawbacks of each case. We also discuss targeting the liver and lungs as two particularly important organs in gene therapy. Expert opinion: There is currently no optimum non-viral gene delivery system for targeting genes to specific tissues. The dose delivered to tumor tissues using passive targeting is low and shows a high patient variation. Although active targeting can enhance binding to specific cells, only a few reports are available to support its value in vivo. The design of smart nanocarriers for promoting active targeting is urgently needed and targeting the endothelium is a promising strategy for gene delivery to tumors as well as other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikramy A Khalil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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161
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Crenshaw BJ, Jones LB, Bell CR, Kumar S, Matthews QL. Perspective on Adenoviruses: Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, and Gene Therapy. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E61. [PMID: 31430920 PMCID: PMC6784011 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses are large (150 MDa) doubled-stranded DNA viruses that cause respiratory infections. These viruses are particularly pathogenic in healthy and immune-compromised individuals, and currently, no adenovirus vaccine is available for the general public. The purpose of this review is to describe (i) the epidemiology and pathogenicity of human adenoviruses, (ii) the biological role of adenovirus vectors in gene therapy applications, and (iii) the potential role of exosomes in adenoviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennetta J Crenshaw
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Leandra B Jones
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Courtnee' R Bell
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Qiana L Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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162
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Dvorská D, Škovierová H, Braný D, Halašová E, Danková Z. Liquid Biopsy as a Tool for Differentiation of Leiomyomas and Sarcomas of Corpus Uteri. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3825. [PMID: 31387281 PMCID: PMC6695893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilization of liquid biopsy in the management of cancerous diseases is becoming more attractive. This method can overcome typical limitations of tissue biopsies, especially invasiveness, no repeatability, and the inability to monitor responses to medication during treatment as well as condition during follow-up. Liquid biopsy also provides greater possibility of early prediction of cancer presence. Corpus uteri mesenchymal tumors are comprised of benign variants, which are mostly leiomyomas, but also a heterogenous group of malignant sarcomas. Pre-surgical differentiation between these tumors is very difficult and the final description of tumor characteristics usually requires excision and histological examination. The leiomyomas and malignant leiomyosarcomas are especially difficult to distinguish and can, therefore, be easily misdiagnosed. Because of the very aggressive character of sarcomas, liquid biopsy based on early diagnosis and differentiation of these tumors would be extremely helpful. Moreover, after excision of the tumor, liquid biopsy can contribute to an increased knowledge of sarcoma behavior at the molecular level, especially on the formation of metastases which is still not well understood. In this review, we summarize the most important knowledge of mesenchymal uterine tumors, the possibilities and benefits of liquid biopsy utilization, the types of molecules and cells that can be analyzed with this approach, and the possibility of their isolation and capture. Finally, we review the typical abnormalities of leiomyomas and sarcomas that can be searched and analyzed in liquid biopsy samples with the final aim to pre-surgically differentiate between benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dvorská
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Braný
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Erika Halašová
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Danková
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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163
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Thoenen E, Curl A, Iwakuma T. TP53 in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 202:149-164. [PMID: 31276706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomic and functional study of existing and emerging sarcoma targets, such as fusion proteins, chromosomal aberrations, reduced tumor suppressor activity, and oncogenic drivers, is broadening our understanding of sarcomagenesis. Among these mechanisms, the tumor suppressor p53 (TP53) plays significant roles in the suppression of bone and soft tissue sarcoma progression. Although mutations in TP53 were thought to be relatively low in sarcomas, modern techniques including whole-genome sequencing have recently illuminated unappreciated alterations in TP53 in osteosarcoma. In addition, oncogenic gain-of-function activities of missense mutant p53 (mutp53) have been reported in sarcomas. Moreover, new targeting strategies for TP53 have been discovered: restoration of wild-type p53 (wtp53) activity through inhibition of TP53 negative regulators, reactivation of the wtp53 activity from mutp53, depletion of mutp53, and targeting of vulnerabilities in cells with TP53 deletions or mutations. These discoveries enable development of novel therapeutic strategies for therapy-resistant sarcomas. We have outlined nine bone and soft tissue sarcomas for which TP53 plays a crucial tumor suppressive role. These include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), synovial sarcoma, liposarcoma (LPS), angiosarcoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thoenen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66010, USA
| | - Amanda Curl
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66010, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66010, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66010, USA; Translational Laboratory Oncology Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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164
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Current Prospects of Molecular Therapeutics in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pharmaceut Med 2019; 33:269-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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165
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Sugasawa T, Aoki K, Watanabe K, Yanazawa K, Natsume T, Takemasa T, Yamaguchi K, Takeuchi Y, Aita Y, Yahagi N, Yoshida Y, Tokinoya K, Sekine N, Takeuchi K, Ueda H, Kawakami Y, Shimizu S, Takekoshi K. Detection of Transgenes in Gene Delivery Model Mice by Adenoviral Vector Using ddPCR. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060436. [PMID: 31181711 PMCID: PMC6627169 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid progress of genetic engineering and gene therapy, the World Anti-Doping Agency has been alerted to gene doping and prohibited its use in sports. However, there is no standard method available yet for the detection of transgenes delivered by recombinant adenoviral (rAdV) vectors. Here, we aim to develop a detection method for transgenes delivered by rAdV vectors in a mouse model that mimics gene doping. These rAdV vectors containing the mCherry gene was delivered in mice through intravenous injection or local muscular injection. After five days, stool and whole blood samples were collected, and total DNA was extracted. As additional experiments, whole blood was also collected from the mouse tail tip until 15 days from injection of the rAdv vector. Transgene fragments from different DNA samples were analyzed using semi-quantitative PCR (sqPCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In the results, transgene fragments could be directly detected from blood cell fraction DNA, plasma cell-free DNA, and stool DNA by qPCR and ddPCR, depending on specimen type and injection methods. We observed that a combination of blood cell fraction DNA and ddPCR was more sensitive than other combinations used in this model. These results could accelerate the development of detection methods for gene doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Sugasawa
- Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Kai Aoki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Koki Yanazawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 100-8921, Japan.
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Kaori Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Aita
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, 6-20-1 Manabe, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 300-0051, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Kojimachi Business Center Building, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Nanami Sekine
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Division of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Haruna Ueda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
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Abstract
In the wake of a breakthrough in biotechnology providing realistic application of recombinant expressed proteins as drugs in the 1990s, gene therapy emerged as the potential approach for providing medicines of the future [...].
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167
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Goswami R, Subramanian G, Silayeva L, Newkirk I, Doctor D, Chawla K, Chattopadhyay S, Chandra D, Chilukuri N, Betapudi V. Gene Therapy Leaves a Vicious Cycle. Front Oncol 2019; 9:297. [PMID: 31069169 PMCID: PMC6491712 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genetic code encrypted in thousands of genes holds the secret for synthesis of proteins that drive all biological processes necessary for normal life and death. Though the genetic ciphering remains unchanged through generations, some genes get disrupted, deleted and or mutated, manifesting diseases, and or disorders. Current treatment options—chemotherapy, protein therapy, radiotherapy, and surgery available for no more than 500 diseases—neither cure nor prevent genetic errors but often cause many side effects. However, gene therapy, colloquially called “living drug,” provides a one-time treatment option by rewriting or fixing errors in the natural genetic ciphering. Since gene therapy is predominantly a viral vector-based medicine, it has met with a fair bit of skepticism from both the science fraternity and patients. Now, thanks to advancements in gene editing and recombinant viral vector development, the interest of clinicians and pharmaceutical industries has been rekindled. With the advent of more than 12 different gene therapy drugs for curing cancer, blindness, immune, and neuronal disorders, this emerging experimental medicine has yet again come in the limelight. The present review article delves into the popular viral vectors used in gene therapy, advances, challenges, and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Goswami
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Gayatri Subramanian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Liliya Silayeva
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Isabelle Newkirk
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Deborah Doctor
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Karan Chawla
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nageswararao Chilukuri
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Venkaiah Betapudi
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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168
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Casanova I, Unzueta U, Arroyo-Solera I, Céspedes MV, Villaverde A, Mangues R, Vazquez E. Protein-driven nanomedicines in oncotherapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 47:1-7. [PMID: 30685732 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are organic macromolecules essential in life but exploited, mainly in recombinant versions, as drugs or vaccine components, among other uses in industry or biomedicine. In oncology, individual proteins or supramolecular complexes have been tailored as small molecular weight drug carriers for passive or active tumor cell-targeted delivery, through the de novo design of appropriate drug stabilizing vehicles, or by generating constructs with different extents of mimesis of natural cell-targeted entities, such as viruses. In most of these approaches, a convenient nanoscale size is achieved through the oligomeric organization of the protein component in the drug conjugate. Among the different taken strategies, highly cytotoxic proteins such as microbial or plant toxins have been conveniently engineered to self-assemble as self-delivered virus-like, nanometric structures, chemically homogeneous that target metastatic cancer stem cells for the destruction of metastasis in absence of any partner vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Arroyo-Solera
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Virtudes Céspedes
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramon Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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169
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Aworunse OS, Adeniji O, Oyesola OL, Isewon I, Oyelade J, Obembe OO. Genomic Interventions in Medicine. Bioinform Biol Insights 2018; 12:1177932218816100. [PMID: 30546257 PMCID: PMC6287307 DOI: 10.1177/1177932218816100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, the term "genomics" has become ubiquitous in many scientific articles. It is a rapidly growing aspect of the biomedical sciences that studies the genome. The human genome contains a torrent of information that gives clues about human origin, evolution, biological function, and diseases. In a bid to demystify the workings of the genome, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was initiated in 1990, with the chief goal of sequencing the approximately 3 billion nucleotide base pairs of the human DNA. Since its completion in 2003, the HGP has opened new avenues for the application of genomics in clinical practice. This review attempts to overview some milestone discoveries that paved way for the initiation of the HGP, remarkable revelations from the HGP, and how genomics is influencing a paradigm shift in routine clinical practice. It further highlights the challenges facing the implementation of genomic medicine, particularly in Africa. Possible solutions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olusola L Oyesola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Itunuoluwa Isewon
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Jelili Oyelade
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Olawole O Obembe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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170
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Slastnikova TA, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Antibodies: The State of the Art. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1208. [PMID: 30405420 PMCID: PMC6207587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A dominant area of antibody research is the extension of the use of this mighty experimental and therapeutic tool for the specific detection of molecules for diagnostics, visualization, and activity blocking. Despite the ability to raise antibodies against different proteins, numerous applications of antibodies in basic research fields, clinical practice, and biotechnology are restricted to permeabilized cells or extracellular antigens, such as membrane or secreted proteins. With the exception of small groups of autoantibodies, natural antibodies to intracellular targets cannot be used within living cells. This excludes the scope of a major class of intracellular targets, including some infamous cancer-associated molecules. Some of these targets are still not druggable via small molecules because of large flat contact areas and the absence of deep hydrophobic pockets in which small molecules can insert and perturb their activity. Thus, the development of technologies for the targeted intracellular delivery of antibodies, their fragments, or antibody-like molecules is extremely important. Various strategies for intracellular targeting of antibodies via protein-transduction domains or their mimics, liposomes, polymer vesicles, and viral envelopes, are reviewed in this article. The pitfalls, challenges, and perspectives of these technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Ulasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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171
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Recombinant Adenovirus KGHV500 and CIK Cells Codeliver Anti-p21-Ras scFv for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer with Wild-Type Ras Overexpression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 11:90-101. [PMID: 30534583 PMCID: PMC6280635 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of gastric cancer is frequently related to the overexpression of wild-type p21 proteins, but it is rarely related to mutated Ras proteins. We previously constructed a broad-spectrum anti-p21-Ras single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv), which was carried by the oncolytic adenovirus KGHV500. Here we explored the antitumor effects of this recombinant oncolytic adenovirus carried by cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells on human gastric SGC7901 cells that overexpress wild-type Ras. The MTT assay, scratch test, Transwell assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed in vitro to investigate the proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and cell apoptosis rate, respectively, of the human gastric cell line SGC7901 treated with KGHV500 adenovirus. Then, the tumor-targeting ability and systemic safety of KGHV500 adenovirus delivered by CIK cells were explored in vivo. We found that KGHV500 adenovirus could significantly inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasiveness and promote cell apoptosis in SGC7901 cells in vitro. In vivo studies showed that CIK cells could successfully deliver KGHV500 adenovirus to the tumor site; the two vectors synergistically killed tumor cells, and the treatment was relatively safe for normal tissues. In conclusion, this therapeutic strategy of recombinant adenovirus KGHV500 delivered by CIK cells offers a positive prospect for the targeted therapy of Ras-related cancers.
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172
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Controlled Non-Viral Gene Delivery in Cartilage and Bone Repair: Current Strategies and Future Directions. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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173
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Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors for Gene Transfer to the Central Nervous System. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030074. [PMID: 30110885 PMCID: PMC6164475 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have a profound impact on human health worldwide and their incidence is predicted to increase as the population ages. ND severely limits the quality of life and leads to early death. Aside from treatments that may reduce symptoms, NDs are almost completely without means of therapeutic intervention. The genetic and biochemical basis of many NDs is beginning to emerge although most have complex etiologies for which common themes remain poorly resolved. Largely relying on progress in vector design, gene therapy is gaining increasing support as a strategy for genetic treatment of diseases. Here we describe recent developments in the engineering of highly defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors suitable for transfer and long-term expression of large and/or multiple therapeutic genes in brain neurons in the complete absence of viral gene expression. These advanced vector platforms are safe, non-inflammatory, and persist in the nerve cell nucleus for life. In the near term, it is likely that HSV can be used to treat certain NDs that have a well-defined genetic cause. As further information on disease etiology becomes available, these vectors may take on an expanded role in ND therapies, including gene editing and repair.
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174
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Shimada H. p53 molecular approach to diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2018; 2:266-273. [PMID: 30003189 PMCID: PMC6036386 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We reviewed our research concerning p53 molecules in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by focusing on the p53 molecular diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. First, we developed diagnostic tools to analyze serum p53 autoantibodies to detect esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Positive rate was around 25% to 30% in all patients and around 20% even in stage I patients. Presence of serum p53 antibodies was significantly associated with overexpression of p53 protein in tumor cells. Seropositive patients were more likely than seronegative patients to be resistant to chemotherapy. Monitoring of the titer of serum p53 autoantibodies was useful in predicting patients at high risk of recurrence and/or treatment response. Second, using Ad5CMV-p53 for 10 patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, we carried out a phase I/II study of adenoviral-mediated p53 gene therapy. Although no complete response was observed, local tumor was stabilized in nine patients. No serious adverse events related to Ad5CMV-p53 were observed in these patients. One patient survived for over 5 years after the start of p53 gene therapy. Intratumoral injection of Ad5CMV-p53 is therefore safe, feasible, and biologically active when given in multiple doses to patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Our observations from these clinical studies indicate that p53 is a useful molecular target both in the diagnosis and in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shimada
- Department of SurgeryToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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175
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Áyen Á, Jiménez Martínez Y, Marchal JA, Boulaiz H. Recent Progress in Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071930. [PMID: 29966369 PMCID: PMC6073662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in developed countries. This is due to the lack of specific symptoms that hinder early diagnosis and to the high relapse rate after treatment with radical surgery and chemotherapy. Hence, novel therapeutic modalities to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian malignancy are needed. Progress in gene therapy has allowed the development of several strategies against ovarian cancer. Most are focused on the design of improved vectors to enhance gene delivery on the one hand, and, on the other hand, on the development of new therapeutic tools based on the restoration or destruction of a deregulated gene, the use of suicide genes, genetic immunopotentiation, the inhibition of tumour angiogenesis, the alteration of pharmacological resistance, and oncolytic virotherapy. In the present manuscript, we review the recent advances made in gene therapy for ovarian cancer, highlighting the latest clinical trials experience, the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Áyen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Jiménez Martínez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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176
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Chen KD, Wu XX, Yu DS, Ou HL, Li YH, Zhou YQ, Li LJ. Process optimization for the rapid production of adenoviral vectors for clinical trials in a disposable bioreactor system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6469-6477. [PMID: 29858958 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviral (Ad) vectors are highly efficient gene transfer vectors widely used in vaccine development and immunotherapy. To promote the industrial application of Ad vectors, studies focusing on reducing the cost of manufacturing, shortening the preclinical research period, and improving the quality of products are needed. Here, we describe a highly efficient and economical process for producing Ad vector in a novel, single-use bioreactor system suitable for clinical trials. A mini-bioreactor was used for parameter optimization and development of medium replacement protocols for Ad5-GFP production before scale-up. HEK293 cell culture and virus infection were monitored in a disposable AmProtein Current Perfusion Bioreactor and Bioflo310 bioreactor using optimized parameters and medium replacement protocols. The total cell number increased from 2.0 × 109 to 3.2 × 1010 after 6 days of culture. The total number of viral particles obtained in a single batch was 1.2 × 1015. These results demonstrate the efficiency and suitability of this system for Ad vector production for research and GMP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Da Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dong-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hui-Lin Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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177
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Lundstrom K. Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6020042. [PMID: 29883422 PMCID: PMC6023384 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of viral vectors have found an encouraging new beginning in gene therapy in recent years. Significant improvements in vector engineering, delivery, and safety have placed viral vector-based therapy at the forefront of modern medicine. Viral vectors have been employed for the treatment of various diseases such as metabolic, cardiovascular, muscular, hematologic, ophthalmologic, and infectious diseases and different types of cancer. Recent development in the area of immunotherapy has provided both preventive and therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, gene silencing generating a reversible effect has become an interesting alternative, and is well-suited for delivery by viral vectors. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in animal models and furthermore in clinical trials. Several viral vector-based drugs have also been globally approved.
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178
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p53-Autophagy-Metastasis Link. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050148. [PMID: 29783720 PMCID: PMC5977121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 as the “guardian of the genome” plays an essential role in numerous signaling pathways that control the cell cycle, cell death and in maintaining the integrity of the human genome. p53, depending on the intracellular localization, contributes to the regulation of various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. Accumulated evidence suggests that this function of p53 is closely involved in the process of cancer development. Here, present knowledge concerning a p53-autophagy-metastasis link, as well as therapeutic approaches that influence this link, are discussed.
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