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Kim BK, Shin DH, Kim JS, Ko YG, Choi D, Jang Y, Hong MK. Optical coherence tomography-based evaluation of malapposed strut coverage after drug-eluting stent implantation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 28:1887-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-012-0039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kang KW, Ko YG, Shin DH, Kim JS, Kim BK, Choi D, Hong MK, Kang WC, Ahn T, Jeon DW, Yang JY, Jang Y. Impact of positive peri-stent vascular remodeling after sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation on 5-year clinical outcomes: intravascular ultrasound analysis from the Poststent Optimal Stent Expansion Trial multicenter randomized trial. Circ J 2012; 76:1102-8. [PMID: 22382382 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive peri-stent vascular remodeling (PPVR) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is an important mechanism of late-acquired stent malapposition (LASM). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 226 patients (sirolimus-eluting stent [SES], n=105; paclitaxel-eluting stent [PES], n=121) from the Poststent Optimal Stent Expansion Trial who underwent a post-intervention and 9-month follow-up intravascular ultrasound were followed clinically for 5 years. PPVR was arbitrarily defined as a >10% increase in the external elastic membrane volume index at follow-up. PPVR and LASM occurred more frequently with SESs than with PESs. The 5-year rate of major adverse cardiac events was lower with SES than with PES (10.7% vs. 23.2%, P=0.002). The late and very late stent thrombosis (ST) rate was similar between the 2 DES types, but it was higher in patients with PPVR than in those without PPVR (8.8% vs. 1.3%, P=0.009) regardless of the DES type. Early discontinuation (<1 year) of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT; hazard ratio [HR], 24.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.90-118.87; P<0.001), PPVR (HR, 14.94; 95%CI: 1.85-120.46; P=0.011), LASM (HR, 8.01; 95%CI: 1.93-33.16; P=0.004), and stent length (HR, 1.14; 95%CI: 0.98-1.32 per mm; P=0.078) were associated with increased risk of late and very late ST. CONCLUSIONS PPVR and LASM development after DES implantation, along with early discontinuation of DAPT and longer stent length, are important risk factors of late and very late ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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Kim BK, Hong MK, Shin DH, Kim JS, Ko YG, Choi D, Jang Y. Relationship between stent malapposition and incomplete neointimal coverage after drug-eluting stent implantation. J Interv Cardiol 2012; 25:270-7. [PMID: 22372890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2011.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), we evaluated the relationship between malapposed and uncovered struts following implantation of drug-eluting stents (DESs). METHODS A total of 271 patients with 306 lesions who underwent DES implantation and follow-up OCT were included in the study. The lesions were grouped based on the presence of malapposition and then by the median value of the percentage of malapposed struts (1.3%) to produce 3 groups: lesions without malapposition (group I, n = 232) and those with percentage of malapposed struts <1.3% (group II, n = 37) or ≥1.3% (group III, n = 37). Percentages of malapposed and uncovered struts were calculated as percent ratio of malapposed or uncovered to total struts in the defined cross-sections, respectively. We compared percentage of uncovered struts in all analyzable struts and in the residual struts without malapposed segments among the 3 groups. RESULTS Group III showed a significantly larger percentage of uncovered struts among all the struts (group I, 3.7 ± 6.4 vs. II, 5.5 ± 5.6 vs. III, 17.6 ± 15.9%, P < 0.001) and among residual struts without malapposed segments (3.7 ± 6.4 vs. 5.2 ± 5.7 vs. 15.0 ± 14.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between malapposed and uncovered struts in group III (r = 0.393, P = 0.016), but not in group II (r =-0.007, P = 0.965) among residual struts without malapposed segments. CONCLUSION The percentage of uncovered DES struts was quite different depending on the presence and extent of malapposed struts.
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Cassese S, Tada T, Kastrati A. Lost contact with vessel wall, signed contract with stent thrombosis? Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1305-8. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Abergel E, Roguin A. Coronary aneurysm occurring late after drug-eluting stent implantation. ISRN CARDIOLOGY 2012; 2011:367512. [PMID: 22347641 PMCID: PMC3262502 DOI: 10.5402/2011/367512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents may affect the normal healing process of the vessel wall and the remodeling process and may lead to late stent malapposition (LSM). The known incidence of this phenomen originates from short-term angiographic follow-up studies.
We describe a case report of very late stent malapposition and marked positive vessel remodeling 3 years after sirolimus-eluting coronary stent implantation. Angiography performed one year after stent implantation was normal. Thus, the abnormalities developed sometime between years 1 and 3. The cause is unknown, but it is reasonable to suggest a local effect of the medication/polymer of the stent.
LSM rate and aneurysmal formation is higher in DES than in BMS and may be associated with increased risk for late stent thrombosis. Currently, the risk of very late stent thrombosis after DES implantation is of major concern. As observed in this case report, LSM might occur and develop very late. This has significant consequences especially to the many asymptomatic patients with DES implanted many years ago and the recommendation of dual antiplatelet therapy. More studies with late and very late follow up are needed to better define this finding, its mechanism, how to avoid it, and how to treat it properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etan Abergel
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center, B. Rappaport-Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Gutiérrez-Chico JL, Wykrzykowska J, Nüesch E, van Geuns RJ, Koch KT, Koolen JJ, di Mario C, Windecker S, van Es GA, Gobbens P, Jüni P, Regar E, Serruys PW. Vascular Tissue Reaction to Acute Malapposition in Human Coronary Arteries. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:20-9, S1-8. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.111.965301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Gutiérrez-Chico
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Joanna Wykrzykowska
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Eveline Nüesch
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Robert Jan van Geuns
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Karel T. Koch
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Jacques J. Koolen
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Carlo di Mario
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Stephan Windecker
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Gerrit-Anne van Es
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Pierre Gobbens
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Peter Jüni
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Evelyn Regar
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
| | - Patrick W. Serruys
- From the Erasmus Medical Centre–Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.L.G.-C., J.W., E.R., P.W.S., R.J.v.G.); Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (E.N., P.J.); Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.T.K.); Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.J.K.); Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United
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Cook S, Eshtehardi P, Kalesan B, Raber L, Wenaweser P, Togni M, Moschovitis A, Vogel R, Seiler C, Eberli FR, Luscher T, Meier B, Juni P, Windecker S. Impact of incomplete stent apposition on long-term clinical outcome after drug-eluting stent implantation. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1334-43. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Mintz GS, Maehara A. Do we know what causes very late drug-eluting stent thrombosis? JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:21-2. [PMID: 22230146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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159
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Du R, Zhang RY, Zhang Q, Shi YH, Hu J, Yang ZK, Ding FH, Zhang JS, Shen WF. Assessment of the relation between IVUS measurements and clinical outcome in elderly patients after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for de novo coronary lesions. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 28:1653-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-011-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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160
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Park HJ, Kim HY, Lee JM, Choi YS, Park CS, Kim DB, Her SH, Koh YS, Park MW, Kwon BJ, Kim PJ, Chang K, Chung WS, Seung KB. Randomized Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents vs. Sirolimus-Eluting Stents for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chronic Total Occlusion. Circ J 2012; 76:868-75. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Jun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeol Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Dong-Bin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Sung Ho Her
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Koh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Mahn Won Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Beom-June Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Pum Joon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Wook Sung Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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Miyazaki S, Hiasa Y, Takahashi T, Yano Y, Minami T, Murakami N, Mizobe M, Tobetto Y, Nakagawa T, Chen PM, Ogura R, Miyajima H, Yuba K, Hosokawa S, Kishi K, Ohtani R. In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography of Very Late Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis Compared With Late In-Stent Restenosis. Circ J 2012; 76:390-8. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yudai Yano
- Department of Cardiology, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital
| | - Tomoko Minami
- Department of Cardiology, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital
| | | | | | - Yohei Tobetto
- Department of Cardiology, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital
| | | | - Po-Min Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital
| | - Riyo Ogura
- Department of Cardiology, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Koichi Kishi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital
| | - Ryuji Ohtani
- Department of Cardiology, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital
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162
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Kang KW, Ko YG, Shin DH, Kim JS, Kim BK, Choi D, Jang Y, Hong MK. Comparison of vascular remodeling in patients treated with sirolimus-versus zotarolimus-eluting stent following acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 2011; 35:49-54. [PMID: 22161864 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differences in the vascular response to stent implantation or in the incidence of late acquired stent malapposition among different types of drug-eluting stents are not well known in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). HYPOTHESIS The pattern of vascular remodeling and degree of neointimal proliferation were different depending on the different types of drug-eluting stents. METHODS This study used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to investigate vascular remodeling in patients treated with implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) vs zotarolimus-eluting stents (ZESs) following acute MI. The study population consisted of 100 patients with acute MI who were treated either with SES (n = 41) or ZES (n = 59) and underwent both poststenting and 9-month follow-up IVUS examination. Serial vascular changes surrounding stented segments were compared between SES- and ZES-treated lesions. RESULTS Percentage of neointimal volume obstruction at follow-up was significantly smaller in SES-treated compared to ZES-treated lesions (2.8 ± 7.1% vs 18.1 ± 15.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, positive vascular remodeling, which was defined as greater than 10% increase in external elastic membrane volume index (31.7% vs 10.2%, respectively, P = 0.007), and late acquired stent malapposition (12.0% vs 0%, respectively, P = 0.006 ) occurred more frequently in SES-treated than in ZES-treated lesions. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of vascular remodeling, including positive remodeling, late acquired stent malapposition, and degree of neointimal proliferation might be different depending on the different types of drug-eluting stents in patients with acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woon Kang
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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163
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Ahmed TAN, Bergheanu SC, Stijnen T, Plevier JWM, Quax PHA, Jukema JW. Clinical performance of drug-eluting stents with biodegradable polymeric coating: a meta-analysis and systematic review. EUROINTERVENTION 2011; 7:505-16. [PMID: 21764670 DOI: 10.4244/eijv7i4a81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Different biodegradable-polymer drug-eluting stents have not yet been systematically analysed. We sought to; 1) evaluate the risk of target lesion revascularisation (TLR) and definite stent thrombosis (DST) among different groups of biodegradable-polymer (BioPol) DES, and 2) to compare them with permanent polymer (PermPol) DES. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched PubMed and relevant sources from January 2005 until October 2010. Inclusion criteria were (a) Implantation of a drug-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer; (b) available follow-up data for at least one of the clinical end-points (TLR/DST) at short term (30 days) and/or mid-term (one year). A total of 22 studies, including randomised and observational studies, with 8264 patients met the selection criteria; nine studies (2042 patients) in whom biodegradable-polymer sirolimus eluting stents (BioPol-SES) were implanted, eight studies (1731 patients) in whom biodegradable-polymer paclitaxel eluting stents (BioPol-PES) were implanted, and seven studies (4491 patients) in whom biodegradable-polymer biolimus-A9 eluting stents (BioPol-BES) were implanted. At 30 days, there was a higher risk of DST (p=0.04) and subsequently TLR (p=0.006) in the BioPol-BES compared to BioPol-SES, with no significant difference in the other stent comparisons. At 1-year, there was higher risk of TLR in the BioPol-PES (p=0.01), and the BioPol-SES (p=0.04) compared to BioPol-BES. One-year stent thrombosis was not statistically different between the studied groups (overall p=0.2). In another analysis comprising seven randomised trials comparing BioPol-DES (3778 patients) and PermPol-DES (3291 patients), the risks of TLR and stent thrombosis at 1-year were not significantly different (p=0.5 for both). CONCLUSIONS Performance of different BioPol-DES seems to vary from each other. The short- and mid-term success rates may not be superimposable. Furthermore, they may not be necessarily better than PermPol-DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A N Ahmed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Contemporary Clinical Applications of Coronary Intravascular Ultrasound. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 4:1155-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The techniques and materials used during percutaneous coronary intervention have advanced considerably over the past 3 decades, yet restenosis remains one of the major drawbacks of this procedure. Many innovative technologies, including drug-eluting stents, with or without specific polymers, and fully biodegradable stents have been and continue to be developed in the search for a safe and effective antirestenosis therapy. Remarkable advances in stent design and nanoparticle delivery systems ('nanovehicles') have already fueled revolutionary changes in the prevention and treatment of in-stent restenosis. In this Review we provide an overview of the latest innovations for optimizing outcomes of coronary stenting, and up-to-date information about prevention and treatment of in-stent restenosis.
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Luo Y, Zhao YT, Verdo A, Qi WG, Zhang DF, Hu B. Relationship between Cytochrome P450 2C19*2 Polymorphism and Stent Thrombosis following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chinese Patients Receiving Clopidogrel. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:2012-9. [PMID: 22118006 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) *2 polymorphism (681A) and definite stent thrombosis (ST) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and receiving clopidogrel (75 mg/day, orally). The CYP2C19*2 polymorphism status of 1738 Chinese patients with coronary artery disease was examined. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of definite ST during the 180-day follow-up period. The presence of at least one CYP2C19*2 allele was significantly associated with increased ST risk (19 CYP2C19*2/*2 or *1/*2 patients [2.4%] versus seven homozygous wild-type CYP2C19*1/*1 patients [0.75%]). The risk of definite ST was highest in patients with the CYP2C19*2/*2 genotype. The CYP2C19*2 genotype is associated with an increased risk of definite ST following coronary stent placement among Chinese patients with coronary artery disease receiving clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-T Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - A Verdo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W-G Qi
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Pu-dong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - D-F Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - B Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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167
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Iakovou I, Foin N, Andreou A, Viceconte N, Di Mario C. New strategies in the treatment of coronary bifurcations. Herz 2011; 36:198-212. [PMID: 21541738 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-011-3459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite major improvements in stent technology (i.e., drug-eluting stents, DES), treatment of coronary bifurcations is an ever occurring problem of the interventional cardiology. While stenting the main branch with provisional side branch stenting seems to be the prevailing approach, in the era of DES various two-stent techniques emerged (crush) or were re-introduced (V or simultaneous kissing stents, crush, T, culottes, etc.) to allow stenting in the side branch when needed. New techniques in imaging like optical coherence tomography help in better understanding bifurcation anatomy and, thus, have the potential to help us better treat this challenging subset of lesions. In addition, new dedicated bifurcation stents have been proposed in an attempt to overcome limitations associated with current approaches, and they showed promising results in early studies; however, the safety and the efficacy of these devices remain to be seen in the ongoing and upcoming trials. This review focuses on the current approaches and the development of new techniques employed for the treatment of bifurcation disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Iakovou
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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168
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Verheye S, Ramcharitar S, Grube E, Schofer J, Witzenbichler B, Kovac J, Hauptmann K, Agostoni P, Wiemer M, Lefèvre T, Spaargaren R, Serruys P, Garcia-Garcia H, van Geuns RJ. Six-month clinical and angiographic results of the STENTYS® self-apposing stent in bifurcation lesions. EUROINTERVENTION 2011; 7:580-7. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv7i5a94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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169
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Suter MJ, Nadkarni SK, Weisz G, Tanaka A, Jaffer FA, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. Intravascular optical imaging technology for investigating the coronary artery. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:1022-39. [PMID: 21920342 PMCID: PMC3583353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is an ever-increasing demand for new imaging methods that can provide additional information about the coronary wall to better characterize and stratify high-risk plaques, and to guide interventional and pharmacologic management of patients with coronary artery disease. While there are a number of imaging modalities that facilitate the assessment of coronary artery pathology, this review paper focuses on intravascular optical imaging modalities that provide information on the microstructural, compositional, biochemical, biomechanical, and molecular features of coronary lesions and stents. The optical imaging modalities discussed include angioscopy, optical coherence tomography, polarization sensitive-optical coherence tomography, laser speckle imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, time-resolved laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging. Given the wealth of information that these techniques can provide, optical imaging modalities are poised to play an increasingly significant role in the evaluation of the coronary artery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Suter
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seemantini K. Nadkarni
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giora Weisz
- Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Farouc A. Jaffer
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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170
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Gutiérrez-Chico JL, Regar E, Nüesch E, Okamura T, Wykrzykowska J, di Mario C, Windecker S, van Es GA, Gobbens P, Jüni P, Serruys PW. Delayed Coverage in Malapposed and Side-Branch Struts With Respect to Well-Apposed Struts in Drug-Eluting Stents. Circulation 2011; 124:612-23. [PMID: 21768536 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.014514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Pathology studies on fatal cases of very late stent thrombosis have described incomplete neointimal coverage as common substrate, in some cases appearing at side-branch struts. Intravascular ultrasound studies have described the association between incomplete stent apposition (ISA) and stent thrombosis, but the mechanism explaining this association remains unclear. Whether the neointimal coverage of nonapposed side-branch and ISA struts is delayed with respect to well-apposed struts is unknown.
Methods and Results—
Optical coherence tomography studies from 178 stents implanted in 99 patients from 2 randomized trials were analyzed at 9 to 13 months of follow-up. The sample included 38 sirolimus-eluting, 33 biolimus-eluting, 57 everolimus-eluting, and 50 zotarolimus-eluting stents. Optical coherence tomography coverage of nonapposed side-branch and ISA struts was compared with well-apposed struts of the same stent by statistical pooled analysis with a random-effects model. A total of 34 120 struts were analyzed. The risk ratio of delayed coverage was 9.00 (95% confidence interval, 6.58 to 12.32) for nonapposed side-branch versus well-apposed struts, 9.10 (95% confidence interval, 7.34 to 11.28) for ISA versus well-apposed struts, and 1.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 2.23) for ISA versus nonapposed side-branch struts. Heterogeneity of the effect was observed in the comparison of ISA versus well-apposed struts (H=1.27; I
2
=38.40) but not in the other comparisons.
Conclusions—
Coverage of ISA and nonapposed side-branch struts is delayed with respect to well-apposed struts in drug-eluting stents, as assessed by optical coherence tomography.
Clinical Trial Registration—
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00389220, NCT00617084.
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171
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Kralev S, Haag B, Spannenberger J, Lang S, Brockmann MA, Bartling S, Marx A, Haase KK, Borggrefe M, Süselbeck T. Expansion of the Multi-Link Frontier™ coronary bifurcation stent: micro-computed tomographic assessment in human autopsy and porcine heart samples. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21778. [PMID: 21814552 PMCID: PMC3140974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions remains challenging, beyond the introduction of drug eluting stents. Dedicated stent systems are available to improve the technical approach to the treatment of these lesions. However dedicated stent systems have so far not reduced the incidence of stent restenosis. The aim of this study was to assess the expansion of the Multi-Link (ML) Frontier™ stent in human and porcine coronary arteries to provide the cardiologist with useful in-vitro information for stent implantation and selection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Nine ML Frontier™ stents were implanted in seven human autopsy heart samples with known coronary artery disease and five ML Frontier™ stents were implanted in five porcine hearts. Proximal, distal and side branch diameters (PD, DD, SBD, respectively), corresponding opening areas (PA, DA, SBA) and the mean stent length (L) were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). PD and PA were significantly smaller in human autopsy heart samples than in porcine heart samples (3.54±0.47 mm vs. 4.04±0.22 mm, p = 0.048; 10.00±2.42 mm(2) vs. 12.84±1.38 mm(2), p = 0.034, respectively) and than those given by the manufacturer (3.54±0.47 mm vs. 4.03 mm, p = 0.014). L was smaller in human autopsy heart samples than in porcine heart samples, although data did not reach significance (16.66±1.30 mm vs. 17.30±0.51 mm, p = 0.32), and significantly smaller than that given by the manufacturer (16.66±1.30 mm vs. 18 mm, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Micro-CT is a feasible tool for exact surveying of dedicated stent systems and could make a contribution to the development of these devices. The proximal diameter and proximal area of the stent system were considerably smaller in human autopsy heart samples than in porcine heart samples and than those given by the manufacturer. Special consideration should be given to the stent deployment procedure (and to the follow-up) of dedicated stent systems, considering final intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography to visualize (and if necessary optimize) stent expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kralev
- I. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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172
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Panduranga P, Al-Mukhaini M. Very Late Stent Thrombosis of Sirolimus-eluting Stent 59 Months After Implantation: A First Report from The Middle-East and Review of Literature. Heart Views 2011; 12:22-5. [PMID: 21731805 PMCID: PMC3123512 DOI: 10.4103/1995-705x.81557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Very late stent thrombosis occurs more frequently with drug-eluting stents and tends to occur despite dual antiplatelet therapy or after long periods of clopidogrel discontinuation. Stent thrombosis commonly presents with myocardial infarction or death. We report a 41-year-old Arab male with very late stent thrombosis after 59 months of sirolimus-eluting stent implantation and -49 months after clopidogrel discontinuation despite aspirin continuation, presenting with exertional angina. He underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention. This case underlines the need for novel stent designs as well as newer therapeutic strategies in preventing very late stent thrombosis among patients receiving drug-eluting stents.
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173
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Long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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174
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Mortier P, De Beule M, Segers P, Verdonck P, Verhegghe B. Virtual bench testing of new generation coronary stents. EUROINTERVENTION 2011; 7:369-76. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv7i3a62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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175
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Radu M, Jørgensen E, Kelbæk H, Helqvist S, Skovgaard L, Saunamäki K. Optical coherence tomography at follow-up after percutaneous coronary intervention: relationship between procedural dissections, stent strut malapposition and stent healing. EUROINTERVENTION 2011; 7:353-61. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv7i3a60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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176
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Yumoto K, Anzai T, Aoki H, Inoue A, Funada S, Nishiyama H, Tanaka S, Kowase S, Shirai Y, Kurosaki K, Nogami A, Daida H, Kato K. Calcified plaque rupture and very late stent thrombosis after bare-metal stent implantation. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2011; 26:252-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12928-011-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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177
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Ko YG, Kim DM, Cho JM, Choi SY, Yoon JH, Kim JS, Kim BK, Choi D, Jang Y, Hong MK. Optical coherence tomography findings of very late stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 28:715-23. [PMID: 21656060 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-011-9905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies in patients with drug-eluting stents (DESs)-related very late stent thrombosis (VLST) were scarce. Therefore, we investigated OCT findings of VLST after implantation of DESs. Using OCT, we analyzed the status of stent struts and neointimal characteristics in 18 patients who developed VLST after DES implantation. These results were compared to those in 57 patients with neointimal hyperplasia causing >40% diameter stenosis. Lipid-laden neointima was defined as a region with marked signal attenuation and a diffuse border. Four (22.2%) of 18 patients with VLST had ruptured and lipid-laden neointima inside DESs without uncovered or malapposed stent struts. In the remaining 14 patients who developed VLST without neointimal rupture, uncovered and malapposed struts were observed in nine and seven patients, respectively, and lipid-laden neointima in four patients. Lipid-laden neointima was more frequently observed in four patients with neointimal rupture than in 14 patients without neointimal rupture (100% vs. 28.6%, respectively, P = 0.023). Of 57 patients with neointimal hyperplasia, eight (14.0%) had lipid-laden neointima. Time to OCT study after DES implantation was significantly longer in the eight patients with lipid-laden neointima than in 49 patients without lipid-laden neointima (45.5 ± 17.7 months vs. 11.7 ± 7.2 months, respectively, P < 0.001). Lipid-laden neointima was detected in some patients with neointimal hyperplasia > 1 year after DES implantation. In addition to uncovered or malapposed struts, rupture of lipid-laden neointima inside DESs was identified in some patients with DES-related VLST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Guk Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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178
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The potential of surgical strategy for incomplete stent apposition after implantation of a sirolimus eluting stent. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2011; 26:157-61. [PMID: 24122539 DOI: 10.1007/s12928-010-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) had been implanted in the left anterior descending artery of a 77-year-old male. Three years later, he was admitted for ST elevation myocardial infarction caused by stent thrombosis accompanied with incomplete stent apposition (ISA), and balloon angioplasty had to be performed on him. However, 6 months later, he was admitted for angina. There was progression of ISA and severe stenosis. Considering the allergic reaction to the polymer of the SES, or the risk of future stent thrombosis, coronary artery bypass grafting was selected for the revascularization. One year after the procedure, he felt no symptoms and the bypass graft was patent. A surgical strategy may be considered for recurrence of coronary events accompanied with ISA after stent implantation.
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179
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Dangas GD, Caixeta A, Mehran R, Parise H, Lansky AJ, Cristea E, Brodie BR, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, Peruga JZ, Dudek D, Möeckel M, Stone GW. Frequency and Predictors of Stent Thrombosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2011; 123:1745-56. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.981688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Concerns persist regarding the risk of stent thrombosis in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Methods and Results—
The Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial included 3602 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention who were randomized to heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) (n=1802) versus bivalirudin monotherapy (n=1800). Stents were implanted in 3202 patients, including 2261 who received drug-eluting stents and 861 who received only bare metal stents. Definite or probable stent thrombosis within 2 years occurred in 137 patients (4.4%), including 28 acute events (0.9%), 49 subacute events (1.6%), 32 late events (1.0%), and 33 very late events (1.1%). The 2-year cumulative rates of stent thrombosis were 4.4% with both drug-eluting stents and bare metal stents (
P
=0.98) and 4.3% versus 4.6% in patients randomized to bivalirudin monotherapy versus heparin plus a GPI, respectively (
P
=0.73). Acute stent thrombosis occurred more frequently in patients assigned to bivalirudin compared with heparin plus a GPI (1.4% versus 0.3%;
P
<0.001), whereas stent thrombosis after 24 hours occurred less frequently in patients with bivalirudin compared with heparin plus a GPI (2.8% versus 4.4%;
P
=0.02). Prerandomization heparin and a 600-mg clopidogrel loading dose were independent predictors of reduced acute and subacute stent thrombosis, respectively.
Conclusions—
Stent thrombosis is not uncommon within the first 2 years after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and occurs with similar frequency in patients receiving drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents and bivalirudin alone versus heparin plus a GPI. Optimizing adjunct pharmacology including early antithrombin therapy preloading with a potent antiplatelet therapy may further reduce stent thrombosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Clinical Trial Registration:—
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D. Dangas
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Adriano Caixeta
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Roxana Mehran
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Helen Parise
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Alexandra J. Lansky
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Ecaterina Cristea
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Bruce R. Brodie
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Bernhard Witzenbichler
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Giulio Guagliumi
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Jan Z. Peruga
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Dariusz Dudek
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Martin Möeckel
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
| | - Gregg W. Stone
- From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (G.D.D., R.M.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.D.D., A.C., E.C., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT (A.J.L.); LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC (B.R.B.); Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W., M.M.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lødz, Bieganski
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180
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Hwang SJ, Park KW, Kwon DA, Kang HJ, Koo BK, Chae IH, Gwon HC, Park SJ, Seung KB, Ahn T, Yoon JH, Jang YS, Jeong MH, Tahk SJ, Kim HS. High plasma interleukin-6 is associated with drug-eluting stent thrombosis: possible role of inflammatory cytokines in the development of stent thrombosis from the Korea Stent Thrombosis Registry. Circ J 2011; 75:1350-7. [PMID: 21498913 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation might contribute to the development of stent thrombosis (ST). The association between inflammatory cytokine concentrations and drug-eluting ST were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Among the 123 ST patients enrolled in the multicenter Korea Stent Thrombosis registry, plasma samples were available in 41 patients. The patients' clinical characteristics and plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6 were compared with 81 matched controls. Although the concentrations of 3 cytokines were higher in the ST group, they did not have significant differences. When divided into quartiles, the proportion of patients with the highest quartile of IL-6 was higher in the ST group than in the control group (44% vs. 16%, P = 0.001), and the highest IL-6 quartile was an independent predictor of ST for both early (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 6.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75-27.66) and late ST (adjusted HR 4.71; 95%CI 1.06-20.92). In addition, the highest IL-6 quartile was an independent predictor of ST in those on clopidogrel (adjusted HR 7.70; 95%CI 1.97-30.13) but not in those who were off clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS Highest IL-6 quartile was associated with ST, especially in clopidogrel users regardless of the time of ST, suggesting the involvement of inflammatory cytokines in ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jae Hwang
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Main Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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181
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Kang SJ, Mintz GS, Park DW, Lee SW, Kim YH, Lee CW, Han KH, Kim JJ, Park SW, Park SJ. Comparison of Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents With Sirolimus-Eluting and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 4:139-45. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.110.957936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Kang
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Gary S. Mintz
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Duk-Woo Park
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Seung-Whan Lee
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Young-Hak Kim
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Cheol Whan Lee
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Ki-Hoon Han
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Jae-Joong Kim
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Seong-Wook Park
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.-J.K., D.-W.P., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., K.-H.H., J.-J.K., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation (G.S.M.), New York, NY
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182
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Mak KH. The continuing diabetic drug-eluting stents saga from very-late stent thrombosis to very-late late loss. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 4:324-6. [PMID: 21435611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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183
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Kolandaivelu K, Swaminathan R, Gibson WJ, Kolachalama VB, Nguyen-Ehrenreich KL, Giddings VL, Coleman L, Wong GK, Edelman ER. Stent thrombogenicity early in high-risk interventional settings is driven by stent design and deployment and protected by polymer-drug coatings. Circulation 2011; 123:1400-9. [PMID: 21422389 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.003210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stent thrombosis is a lethal complication of endovascular intervention. Concern has been raised about the inherent risk associated with specific stent designs and drug-eluting coatings, yet clinical and animal support is equivocal. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined whether drug-eluting coatings are inherently thrombogenic and if the response to these materials was determined to a greater degree by stent design and deployment with custom-built stents. Drug/polymer coatings uniformly reduce rather than increase thrombogenicity relative to matched bare metal counterparts (0.65-fold; P=0.011). Thick-strutted (162 μm) stents were 1.5-fold more thrombogenic than otherwise identical thin-strutted (81 μm) devices in ex vivo flow loops (P<0.001), commensurate with 1.6-fold greater thrombus coverage 3 days after implantation in porcine coronary arteries (P=0.004). When bare metal stents were deployed in malapposed or overlapping configurations, thrombogenicity increased compared with apposed, length-matched controls (1.58-fold, P=0.001; and 2.32-fold, P<0.001). The thrombogenicity of polymer-coated stents with thin struts was lowest in all configurations and remained insensitive to incomplete deployment. Computational modeling-based predictions of stent-induced flow derangements correlated with spatial distribution of formed clots. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to popular perception, drug/polymer coatings do not inherently increase acute stent clotting; they reduce thrombosis. However, strut dimensions and positioning relative to the vessel wall are critical factors in modulating stent thrombogenicity. Optimal stent geometries and surfaces, as demonstrated with thin stent struts, help reduce the potential for thrombosis despite complex stent configurations and variability in deployment.
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184
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Optical coherence tomography endpoints in stent clinical investigations: strut coverage. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 27:271-87. [PMID: 21394615 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-011-9796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Late stent thrombosis (LST) and very LST (VLST) are infrequent complications after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation, but they carry a significant risk for patients. Delayed healing, which may be represented by incomplete stent coverage, has been observed in necropsy vessel specimens treated with DES. As a result, in vivo assessment of stent coverage, as well as stent apposition using optical coherence tomography (OCT), have been recently used as surrogate safety endpoints in clinical trials testing DES platforms. By adopting strut coverage assessed by OCT, one can assess the safety profile of the new generation of DES in preregistration studies. This article focuses on stent strut coverage as a central predictor of late DES thrombosis from the histopathological point of view, discusses the limitations of the current imaging modalities and presents the technical characteristics of OCT for the detection of neointimal coverage after stent implantation. We also review the preclinical and clinical investigations using this novel imaging modality.
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185
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Nakazawa G, Finn AV, Vorpahl M, Ladich ER, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R. Coronary responses and differential mechanisms of late stent thrombosis attributed to first-generation sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:390-8. [PMID: 21251578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the mechanism(s) of late stent thrombosis (LST) and vascular healing responses in first-generation polymeric drug-eluting stents (DES). BACKGROUND Recent clinical trials have reported variations in late lumen loss between first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES). Little is known, however, about the vascular responses, time course of healing, and underlying mechanism(s) of complications of LST between platforms in human coronary implants. METHODS The overall analysis included 174 cases (230 DES lesions) from the CVPath Institute's stent registry. Histomorphometry was performed on coronary stents from 127 patients (171 lesions) who died ≥ 30 days after receiving stent implants in which fibrin deposition, endothelial strut coverage, inflammatory response, and mechanism(s) of in-stent thrombosis were assessed. RESULTS Both platforms demonstrated increased neointimal thickness over time where values were greater in PES (mean 0.13 mm; range 0.03 to 0.20 mm) than SES (mean 0.10 mm; range 0.04 to 0.15 mm; p = 0.04). The percentage of uncovered struts was similar between SES and PES including stents with LST (SES = 21% vs. PES = 27%; p = 0.47). The underlying mechanism(s) of LST, however, was strikingly different between platforms; localized strut hypersensitivity was exclusive to SES, whereas malapposition secondary to excessive fibrin deposition was the underlying cause in PES. Moreover, although both PES and SES showed nearly complete strut coverage after 12 months for on-label use, the majority of stents placed for off-label indications remained unhealed after 12 months in both types of DES. CONCLUSIONS Differential mechanisms of LST involving either hypersensitivity or excessive fibrin were identified between first-generation DES in which overall stent healing was further delayed in DES placed for off-label indications.
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186
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Impact of out-stent plaque volume on in-stent intimal hyperplasia: results from serial volumetric analysis with high-gain intravascular ultrasound. Int J Cardiol 2011; 158:235-9. [PMID: 21334084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in out-stent plaque volume can be related to in-stent intimal hyperplasia. However, few data exist regarding the impact of out-stent plaque volume on in-stent intimal hyperplasia. METHODS We prospectively performed volumetric intravascular ultrasound in 46 stable coronary patients (34 males, mean age of 66 years) immediately as well as 18 months after stenting. From the high-gain ultrasound images, out-stent plaque volume was calculated by extracting the stent volume from the external elastic membrane volume. Volumes of in-stent intimal hyperplasia and reference plaque were also evaluated. RESULTS Out-stent plaque volume increased from 177.3 ± 100.8mm(3) to 190.7 ± 111.1mm(3) (p<0.05) in correlation with increases in-stent intimal hyperplasia (r=0.536, p<0.05). Under these conditions, changes in reference plaque volume correlated with those in LDL-C, which decreased from 121.2 ± 48.0mg/dl to 103.3 ± 48.9 mg/dl (r=0.43, p<0.05). Interestingly, increases in out-stent plaque volume in the silorimus-eluting stent (2.7 ± 1.2%) were lesser than those in the bare-metal stent (14.0 ± 11.0%, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that irrespective of LDL-C level, changes in out-stent plaque volume correlate with those in in-stent intimal hyperplasia. We suggest that silorimus-eluting stent can suppress in-stent intimal hyperplasia partially by affecting out-stent plaque, although further large-scale studies are required to define the role of out-stent plaque in the occurrence of in-stent intimal hyperplasia.
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187
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Guagliumi G, Costa MA, Sirbu V, Musumeci G, Bezerra HG, Suzuki N, Matiashvili A, Lortkipanidze N, Mihalcsik L, Trivisonno A, Valsecchi O, Mintz GS, Dressler O, Parise H, Maehara A, Cristea E, Lansky AJ, Mehran R, Stone GW. Strut coverage and late malapposition with paclitaxel-eluting stents compared with bare metal stents in acute myocardial infarction: optical coherence tomography substudy of the Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) Trial. Circulation 2011; 123:274-81. [PMID: 21220730 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.963181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of drug-eluting stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) continues to be debated. Pathological studies have demonstrated an association between uncovered struts and subsequent stent thrombosis. Optical coherence tomography can detect stent strut coverage in vivo on a micron-scale level. We therefore used optical coherence tomography to examine strut coverage in patients with STEMI treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) and bare metal stents (BMS). METHODS AND RESULTS In the Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial, patients with STEMI were randomized 3:1 to PES or BMS implantation. In a formal substudy, optical coherence tomography at 13 months was performed in 118 consecutive randomized patients (89 PES, 29 BMS) in whom 188 stents were assessed (146 PES and 42 BMS). A total of 44 139 stent struts were analyzed by an independent core laboratory blinded to stent assignment. The primary prespecified end point, the percentage of uncovered stent struts per lesion at follow-up, was 1.1 ± 2.5% in BMS lesions versus 5.7 ± 7.0% in PES lesions (P < 0.0001). Malapposed struts were observed in 0.1 ± 0.2% of BMS lesions versus 0.9 ± 2.1% of PES lesions (P = 0.0003). Percentage net volume obstruction was 36.0 ± 15.4% with BMS and 19.2 ± 11.3% with PES (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, implantation of PES as compared with BMS significantly reduces neointimal hyperplasia but results in higher rates of uncovered and malapposed stent struts as assessed by optical coherence tomography at 13-month follow-up. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Guagliumi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
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188
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Abstract
The introduction and widespread adoption of drug-eluting stents into routine clinical practice has seen tremendous changes in the practice of interventional cardiology. For a prolonged period, manufacturers have focused research on drugs and polymers that are the key to the prevention of in-stent restenosis. However, stent platform design and its clinical implications have now come back to the fore. This has occurred for numerous reasons, but has primarily been driven by the need for modern stents to perform well in increasingly demanding clinical scenarios. This paper reviews the historical evolution of stent platform design. Current manufacturing processes and materials are also explored. Geometric stent construction and its implications for longitudinal stability and the longer term risks of stent fracture are reviewed. Finally, the implications of the specific stent chosen for different clinical applications including the treatment of bifurcations and left main disease are also summarised. This article will familiarise cardiologists with the crucial impact of each of these factors on modern day practice, as well as acute and long-term outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colm G Hanratty
- Consultant Cardiologist, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Simon J Walsh
- Consultant Cardiologist, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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189
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The year in intracoronary imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 3:881-91. [PMID: 20705271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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190
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Bergheanu SC, Pons D, van der Hoeven BL, Liem SS, Siegerink B, Schalij MJ, van der Bom JG, Jukema JW. The 5352 A allele of the pro-inflammatory caspase-1 gene predicts late-acquired stent malapposition in STEMI patients treated with sirolimus stents. Heart Vessels 2010; 26:235-41. [PMID: 21052690 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-010-0046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Late-acquired stent malapposition (LASM) is a common finding after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation and may be the cause for late stent thrombosis. Inflammation may play a pivotal role in LASM just as it plays in stent restenosis. We have therefore investigated seven polymorphisms involved in inflammatory processes, related in previous reports to restenosis, on the risk of LASM in SES patients. Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who underwent SES implantation and had intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) data available for both immediate post-intervention and 9-month follow-up were included in the present study. In total, 104 patients from the MISSION! Intervention Study were genotyped for the caspase-1 5352 G/A, eotaxin 1382 A/G, CD14 260 A/G, colony stimulating factor 2 1943 C/T, IL10 -1117 C/T, IL10 4251 C/T, and the tumor necrosis factor alpha 1211 C/T polymorphisms. LASM occurred in 26/104 (25%) of patients. We found a significantly higher risk for LASM in patients carrying the caspase-1 (CASP1) 5352 A allele (RR = 2.32; 95% CI 1.22-4.42). In addition, mean neointimal growth was significantly lower in patients carrying this LASM risk allele (1.6 vs. 4.1%, p = 0.014). The other six polymorphisms related to inflammation were not significantly related to the risk of LASM. In conclusion, carriers of the 5352 A allele in the caspase-1 gene are at increased risk of developing LASM after SES implantation. If this is confirmed in larger studies, then screening for this polymorphism in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions could eventually help cardiologists to better select between commercially available stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrin C Bergheanu
- Department of Cardiology C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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191
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Brar SS, Mintz GS, Maehara A, Stone GW. Applications of grayscale and radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound to image atherosclerotic plaque. J Nucl Cardiol 2010; 17:913-27. [PMID: 20706816 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-010-9280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somjot S Brar
- Regional Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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192
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Guo N, Maehara A, Mintz GS, He Y, Xu K, Wu X, Lansky AJ, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, Brodie B, Kellett MA, Dressler O, Parise H, Mehran R, Stone GW. Incidence, Mechanisms, Predictors, and Clinical Impact of Acute and Late Stent Malapposition After Primary Intervention in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2010; 122:1077-84. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.906040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The incidence and mechanisms of acute and late stent malapposition after primary stent implantation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction remain unclear.
Methods and Results—
The Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial was a dual-arm, factorial, randomized trial comparing paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) and otherwise equivalent bare metal stents (BMS) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. The intravascular ultrasound substudy enrolled 241 patients with 263 native coronary lesions (201 PES, 62 BMS) with baseline and 13-month follow-up imaging. Postintervention acute stent malapposition (ASM) occurred in 34.3% PES- and 40.3% BMS-treated lesions. Of these, 39.1% PES- and 40.0% BMS-treated lesions resolved at follow-up, especially within the stent body (66.7%); complete resolution was accompanied by a reduction in external elastic membrane area. An ASM area >1.2 mm
2
best separated persistent from resolved ASM. At follow-up, a higher frequency of late stent malapposition was detected in PES-treated lesions (46.8%) mainly because of more late acquired stent malapposition (30.8%) compared with BMS-treated lesions. Late acquired stent malapposition area correlated to the decrease of peri-stent plaque in the subset of lesions without positive remodeling and only to change in external elastic membrane in the group with positive remodeling. Independent predictors of late acquired stent malapposition were plaque/thrombus protrusion (odds ratio, 5.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.32 to 13.54) and PES use (odds ratio, 6.32; 95% CI, 2.15 to 18.62).
Conclusions—
The incidence of ASM was similar in PES- and BMS-treated lesions, but late acquired stent malapposition was more common in PES-treated lesions. The reason for resolved ASM was negative remodeling, with larger ASM areas separating persistent from resolved ASM. Late acquired stent malapposition was due mainly to positive remodeling and plaque/thrombus resolution.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Akiko Maehara
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Gary S. Mintz
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Yong He
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Kai Xu
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Alexandra J. Lansky
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Bernhard Witzenbichler
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Giulio Guagliumi
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Bruce Brodie
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Mirle A. Kellett
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Ovidiu Dressler
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Helen Parise
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Roxana Mehran
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
| | - Gregg W. Stone
- From the Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (N.G., A.M., G.S.M., Y.H., K.X., X.W., A.J.L., O.D., H.P., R.M., G.W.S.); Charitė University Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (B.W.); Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); LeBauer CV Research Foundation/Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, Me (M.A.K.)
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Garg S, Serruys PW. Coronary Stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56:S1-42. [PMID: 20797502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Intracoronary Ultrasound for Optimizing Stent Implantation. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-010-9029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Leo A, Giubilato S, Bacà M, Montone RA, Niccoli G. Stent for chronic total coronary occlusions: benefits and drawbacks after the introduction of drug-eluting stents. Interv Cardiol 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.10.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kim WH, Lee BK, Lee S, Shim JM, Kim JS, Kim BK, Ko YG, Choi D, Jang Y, Hong MK. Serial changes of minimal stent malapposition not detected by intravascular ultrasound: follow-up optical coherence tomography study. Clin Res Cardiol 2010; 99:639-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-010-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bezerra HG, Costa MA, Guagliumi G, Rollins AM, Simon DI. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography: a comprehensive review clinical and research applications. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 2:1035-46. [PMID: 19926041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a catheter-based invasive imaging system. Using light rather than ultrasound, OCT produces high-resolution in vivo images of coronary arteries and deployed stents. This comprehensive review will assist practicing interventional cardiologists in understanding the technical aspects of OCT based upon the physics of light and will also highlight the emerging research and clinical applications of OCT. Semi-automated imaging analyses of OCT systems permit accurate measurements of luminal architecture and provide insights regarding stent apposition, overlap, neointimal thickening, and, in the case of bioabsorbable stents, information regarding the time course of stent dissolution. The advantages and limitations of this new imaging modality will be discussed with emphasis on key physical and technical aspects of intracoronary image acquisition, current applications, definitions, pitfalls, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram G Bezerra
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5038, USA
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198
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Honda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center
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