151
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Budina-Kolomets A, Barnoud T, Murphy ME. The transcription-independent mitochondrial cell death pathway is defective in non-transformed cells containing the Pro47Ser variant of p53. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:1033-1038. [PMID: 30010463 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1472194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of all human cancers contain mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor. In addition to mutations, there are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TP53 that can dampen p53 function, and can increase cancer risk and decrease the efficacy of cancer therapy. Approximately 6% of Africans and 1% of African-Americans express a p53 allele with a serine instead of proline at position 47 (Pro47Ser, or S47). The S47 variant is associated with increased breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal African Americans, and in a mouse model for the S47 variant, mice are predisposed to spontaneous cancers. We recently showed that the S47 variant is impaired for p53-mediated apoptosis in response to radiation and some genotoxic agents, particularly cisplatin. Here we identify the mechanism for impaired apoptosis of S47 in response to cisplatin. We show that following cisplatin treatment, the S47 variant shows normal stabilization and serine 15 phosphorylation, but reduced ability to bind to the peptidyl prolyl isomerase PIN1, which controls the mitochondrial localization of p53. This is accompanied by impaired mitochondrial localization of S47, along with decreased induction of cleaved caspase-3. Interestingly, we show that this defect occurs only for cisplatin and not for camptothecin. These findings show that normal tissues may respond differently to genotoxic stress depending upon this TP53 genotype. These data suggest that toxicity to cisplatin may be decreased in S47 individuals, and that this compound may be a superior treatment option for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Budina-Kolomets
- a Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis , The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia PA 19104 , USA
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- a Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis , The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia PA 19104 , USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- a Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis , The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia PA 19104 , USA
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152
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Khanh VC, Zulkifli AF, Tokunaga C, Yamashita T, Hiramatsu Y, Ohneda O. Aging impairs beige adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via the reduced expression of Sirtuin 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:682-690. [PMID: 29678576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the body, different types of adipose tissue perform different functions, with brown and beige adipose tissues playing unique roles in dissipating energy. Throughout life, adipocytes are regenerated from progenitors, and this process is impaired by aging. One of the progenitors of adipocytes are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have recently become a promising tool for stem cell therapy. However, whether or not aging impairs the brown/beige adipocyte differentiation of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) remains unclear. In the present study, we isolated AT-MSCs from two different age groups of donors (infants and elderly subjects) and examined the effects of aging on the AT-MSC brown/beige adipocyte differentiation ability. We found that none of the AT-MSCs expressed Myf5, which indicated the beige (not brown) differentiation ability of cells. Of note, an inverse correlation was noted between the beige adipocyte differentiation ability and age, with AT-MSCs derived from elderly donors showed the most severely reduced function due to induced cellular senescence. The impaired expression of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirt3 proved to be responsible for the induction of senescence in elderly AT-MSCs; however, only Sirt1 was directly involved in the regulation of beige adipocyte differentiation. The overexpression of Sirt1 impaired the p53/p21 pathway, thereby preventing elderly AT-MSCs from entering senescence and restoring the beige differentiation ability. Thus, our study represents the important role of Sirt1 and senescence in the regulation of beige adipocyte differentiation during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Cat Khanh
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Amin Firman Zulkifli
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chiho Tokunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamashita
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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153
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Strauss BE, Silva GRO, de Luna Vieira I, Cerqueira OLD, Del Valle PR, Medrano RFV, Mendonça SA. Perspectives for cancer immunotherapy mediated by p19Arf plus interferon-beta gene transfer. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e479s. [PMID: 30208166 PMCID: PMC6113850 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e479s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While cancer immunotherapy has gained much deserved attention in recent years, many areas regarding the optimization of such modalities remain unexplored, including the development of novel approaches and the strategic combination of therapies that target multiple aspects of the cancer-immunity cycle. Our own work involves the use of gene transfer technology to promote cell death and immune stimulation. Such immunogenic cell death, mediated by the combined transfer of the alternate reading frame (p14ARF in humans and p19Arf in mice) and the interferon-β cDNA in our case, was shown to promote an antitumor immune response in mouse models of melanoma and lung carcinoma. With these encouraging results, we are now setting out on the road toward translational and preclinical development of our novel immunotherapeutic approach. Here, we outline the perspectives and challenges that we face, including the use of human tumor and immune cells to verify the response seen in mouse models and the incorporation of clinically relevant models, such as patient-derived xenografts and spontaneous tumors in animals. In addition, we seek to combine our immunotherapeutic approach with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or checkpoint blockade, with the goal of reducing dosage and increasing efficacy. The success of any translational research requires the cooperation of a multidisciplinary team of professionals involved in laboratory and clinical research, a relationship that is fostered at the Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Strauss
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail: /
| | - Gissele Rolemberg Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Igor de Luna Vieira
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Otto Luiz Dutra Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Paulo Roberto Del Valle
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ruan Felipe Vieira Medrano
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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154
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Liang L, Jin L, Ran Y, Sun LP, Guan BO. Fiber Light-Coupled Optofluidic Waveguide (FLOW) Immunosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of p53 Protein. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10851-10857. [PMID: 30141911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive detection of molecular tumor markers is essential for biomarker-based cancer diagnostics. In this work, we showcase the implementation of fiber light-coupled optofluidic waveguide (FLOW) immunosensor for the detection of p53 protein, a typical tumor marker. The FLOW consists of a liquid-core capillary and an accompanying optical fiber, which allows evanescent interaction between light and microfluidic sample. Molecular binding at internal surface of the capillary induces a response in wavelength shift of the transmission spectrum in the optical fiber. To enable highly sensitive molecular detection, the evanescent-wave interaction has been strengthened by enlarging shape factor R via fine geometry control. The proposed FLOW immunosensor works with flowing microfluid, which increases the surface molecular coverage and improves the detection limit. As a result, the FLOW immunosensor presents a log-linear response to the tumor protein at concentrations ranging from 10 fg/mL up to 10 ng/mL. In addition, the nonspecifically adsorbed molecules can be effectively removed by the fluid at an optimal flow rate, which benefits the accuracy of the measurement. Tested in serum samples, the FLOW successfully maintains its sensitivity and specificity on p53 protein, making it suitable for diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Long Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Yang Ran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , 27708 , United States
| | - Li-Peng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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155
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Fedorova O, Daks A, Petrova V, Petukhov A, Lezina L, Shuvalov O, Davidovich P, Kriger D, Lomert E, Tentler D, Kartsev V, Uyanik B, Tribulovich V, Demidov O, Melino G, Barlev NA. Novel isatin-derived molecules activate p53 via interference with Mdm2 to promote apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1917-1930. [PMID: 30109812 PMCID: PMC6152504 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1506664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a key tumor suppressor in mammals. In response to various forms of genotoxic stress p53 stimulates expression of genes whose products induce cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. An E3-ubiquitin ligase, Mdm2 (mouse-double-minute 2) and its human ortholog Hdm2, physically interact with the amino-terminus of p53 to mediate its ubiquitin-mediated degradation via the proteasome. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of the p53-Mdm2 interaction leads to overall stabilization of p53 and stimulation of its anti-tumorigenic activity. In this study we characterize the biological effects of a novel class of non-genotoxic isatin Schiff and Mannich base derivatives (ISMBDs) that stabilize p53 on the protein level. The likely mechanism behind their positive effect on p53 is mediated via the competitive interaction with Mdm2. Importantly, unlike Nutlin, these compounds selectively promoted p53-mediated cell death. These novel pharmacological activators of p53 can serve as valuable molecular tools for probing p53-positive tumors and set up the stage for development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Fedorova
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra Daks
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Petukhov
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Hematology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Russia
| | - Larissa Lezina
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Shuvalov
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel Davidovich
- Molecular Pharmacology, State Technological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Darya Kriger
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lomert
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Tentler
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Oleg Demidov
- INSERM U866, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | | | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Intracellular Signalling Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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156
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Maraming P, Klaynongsruang S, Boonsiri P, Maijaroen S, Daduang S, Chung JG, Daduang J. Antitumor activity of RT2 peptide derived from crocodile leukocyte peptide on human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:972-977. [PMID: 30019842 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RT2, derived from the leukocyte peptide of Crocodylus siamensis, can kill human cervical cancer cells via apoptosis induction, but no evidence has shown in vivo. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of RT2 on human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. Twenty-four mice were injected subcutaneously with human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. Eleven days after cancer cell implantation, the mice were treated with intratumoral injections of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or RT2 (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mouse) once every 2 days for a total of 5 times. The effect of a 10-day intratumoral injection of RT2 on body weight, biochemical, and hematological parameters in BALB/c mice showed no significant difference between the groups. Tumor volume showed a significant decrease only in the treatment group with RT2 (1 mg/mouse) at day 6 (P < .05), day 8 (P < .01), and day 10 (P < .01) after the first treatment. The protein expression levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and the p53 tumor suppressor protein (p53) in xenograft tumors increased after treatment with RT2 (1 mg/mouse) compared to those in the PBS-injected group. Moreover, RT2 increased the expression of Endo G and Bcl-2 family proteins. Therefore, the peptide RT2 can inhibit tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis in an in vivo xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsuda Maraming
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Boonsiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surachai Maijaroen
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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157
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Rahnamoun H, Hong J, Sun Z, Lee J, Lu H, Lauberth SM. Mutant p53 regulates enhancer-associated H3K4 monomethylation through interactions with the methyltransferase MLL4. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13234-13246. [PMID: 29954944 PMCID: PMC6109924 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Monomethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1) is enriched at enhancers that are primed for activation and the levels of this histone mark are frequently altered in various human cancers. Yet, how alterations in H3K4me1 are established and the consequences of these epigenetic changes in tumorigenesis are not well understood. Using ChIP-Seq in human colon cancer cells, we demonstrate that mutant p53 depletion results in decreased H3K4me1 levels at active enhancers that reveal a striking colocalization of mutant p53 and the H3K4 monomethyltransferase MLL4 following chronic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signaling. We further reveal that mutant p53 forms physiological associations and direct interactions with MLL4 and promotes the enhancer binding of MLL4, which is required for TNFα-inducible H3K4me1 and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) levels, enhancer-derived transcript (eRNA) synthesis, and mutant p53-dependent target gene activation. Complementary in vitro studies with recombinant chromatin and purified proteins demonstrate that binding of the MLL3/4 complex and H3K4me1 deposition is enhanced by mutant p53 and p300-mediated acetylation, which in turn reflects a MLL3/4-dependent enhancement of mutant p53 and p300-dependent transcriptional activation. Collectively, our findings establish a mechanism in which mutant p53 cooperates with MLL4 to regulate aberrant enhancer activity and tumor-promoting gene expression in response to chronic immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Rahnamoun
- From the Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Juyeong Hong
- From the Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Zhengxi Sun
- From the Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jihoon Lee
- From the Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Hanbin Lu
- From the Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Shannon M Lauberth
- From the Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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158
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Cunningham KE, Novak EA, Vincent G, Siow VS, Griffith BD, Ranganathan S, Rosengart MR, Piganelli JD, Mollen KP. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) activation contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental colitis via inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. FASEB J 2018; 33:1330-1346. [PMID: 30113881 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800535r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing worldwide. IBD is known to be multifactorial, but inflammatory signaling within the intestinal epithelium and a subsequent failure of the intestinal epithelial barrier have been shown to play essential roles in disease pathogenesis. CaMKIV is a multifunctional protein kinase associated with inflammation and cell cycle regulation. CaMKIV has been extensively studied in autoimmune diseases, but a role in idiopathic intestinal inflammation has not been described. In this study, active CaMKIV was highly expressed within the intestinal epithelium of humans with ulcerative colitis and wild-type (WT) mice with experimental induced colitis. Clinical disease severity directly correlates with CaMKIV activation, as does expression of proinflammatory cytokines and histologic features of colitis. In WT mice, CaMKIV activation is associated with increases in expression of 2 cell cycle proarrest signals: p53 and p21. Cell cycle arrest inhibits proliferation of the intestinal epithelium and ultimately results in compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, further perpetuating intestinal inflammation during experimental colitis. Using a CaMKIV null mutant mouse, we demonstrate that a loss of CaMKIV protects against murine DSS colitis. Small molecules targeting CaMKIV activation may provide therapeutic benefit for patients with IBD.-Cunningham, K. E., Novak, E. A., Vincent, G., Siow, V. S., Griffith, B. D., Ranganathan, S., Rosengart, M. R., Piganelli, J. D., Mollen, K. P. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) activation contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental colitis via inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E Cunningham
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garret Vincent
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vei Shaun Siow
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian D Griffith
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew R Rosengart
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin P Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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159
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New Insights into the Role of DNA Shape on Its Recognition by p53 Proteins. Structure 2018; 26:1237-1250.e6. [PMID: 30057026 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 acts as a transcription factor recognizing diverse DNA response elements (REs). Previous structural studies of p53-DNA complexes revealed non-canonical Hoogsteen geometry of A/T base pairs at conserved CATG motifs leading to changes in DNA shape and its interface with p53. To study the effects of DNA shape on binding characteristics, we designed REs with modified base pairs "locked" into either Hoogsteen or Watson-Crick form. Here we present crystal structures of these complexes and their thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, demonstrating that complexes with Hoogsteen base pairs are stabilized relative to those with all-Watson-Crick base pairs. CATG motifs are abundant in p53REs such as GADD45 and p53R2 related to cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair. The high-resolution structures of these complexes validate their propensity to adopt the unique Hoogsteen-induced structure, thus providing insights into the functional role of DNA shape and broadening the mechanisms that contribute to DNA recognition by proteins.
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160
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Pandey S, Bourn J, Cekanova M. Mutations of p53 decrease sensitivity to the anthracycline treatments in bladder cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28514-28531. [PMID: 29983877 PMCID: PMC6033348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to doxorubicin (Dox) cardiotoxicity, the next generation of novel non-cardiotoxic anthracyclines, including AD 312 and AD 198, were synthesized and validated. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and mechanisms of anthracyclines-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell viability in human bladder cancer cells expressing wild-type (wt) p53 (RT4 and SW780) and mutated (mt) p53 (UM-UC-3, 5637, T-24, J82, and TCCSUP) protein. Anthracyclines inhibited cell viability in tested TCC cells, but were less effective in mt-p53 TCC cells, especially in the drug-resistant J82 and TCCSUP cells. Anthracyclines upregulated the expression of wt p53 protein in RT4 and SW780 cells, but had no effect on expression of mt p53 protein in UM-UC-3, 5637, T-24, J82, and TCCSUP cells. The anthracyclines activated caspase 3/7 and cleavage of PARP in wt-p53 RT4 and SW780 cells, and mt-p53 5637, UM-UC-3, and T-24, but not in mt-p53 J82 and TCCSUP cells. The anthracyclines-induced cleavage of PARP was blocked by p53 siRNA in wt-p53 RT4 cells. Co-treatment of AD 198 with PRIMA-1 significantly inhibited cell viability of mt-p53 J82 cells, but had no effect in wt-p53 RT4 cells. AD 198 blocked c-myc expression in mt-p53 UM-UC-3, 5637, T-24, and J82 cells, however no expression of c-myc was detected in wt-p53 RT4 and SW780 cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the anthracycline-induced resistance in bladder cancer cells positively correlated with TP53 mutations in the tetramerization domain in J82 and TCCSUP cells. Further, AD 312 and AD 198 are promising chemotherapeutic drugs for bladder cancer, especially in combination with PRIMA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Pandey
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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161
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Grau Ribes A, De Decker Y, Gérard C, Rongy L. Modelling the propagation of a dynamical signature in gene expression mediated by the transport of extracellular microRNAs. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:2379-2391. [PMID: 28953276 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) carried by exosomes can play a key role in cell-to-cell communication. Deregulation of miRNA expression and exosome secretion have been related to pathological conditions such as cancer. While it is known that circulating miRNAs can alter gene expression in recipient cells, it remains unclear how significant the dynamical impact of these extracellular miRNAs is. To shed light on this issue, we propose a model for the spatio-temporal evolution of the protein expression in a cell tissue altered by abnormal miRNA expression in a donor cell. This results in a nonhomogeneous cellular response in the tissue, which we quantify by studying the range of action of the donor cell on the surrounding cells. Key model parameters that control the range of action are identified. Based on a model for a heterogeneous cell population, we show that the dynamics of gene expression in the tissue is robust to random changes of the parameter values. Furthermore, we study the propagation of gene expression oscillations in a tissue induced by extracellular miRNAs. In the donor cell, the miRNA inhibits its own transcription which can give rise to local oscillations in gene expression. The resulting oscillations of the concentration of extracellular miRNA induce oscillations of the protein concentration in recipient cells. We analyse the nonmonotonic spatial evolution of the oscillation amplitude of the protein concentration in the tissue which may have implications for the propagation of oscillations in biological rhythms such as the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Grau Ribes
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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162
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Sim MY, Go ML, Yuen JSP. The mechanistic effects of the dioxonaphthoimidazolium analog YM155 in renal cell carcinoma cell cycling and apoptosis. Life Sci 2018; 203:282-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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163
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p53-Dependent and -Independent Epithelial Integrity: Beyond miRNAs and Metabolic Fluctuations. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060162. [PMID: 29799511 PMCID: PMC6024951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its classical roles as a tumor suppressor, p53 has also been shown to act as a guardian of epithelial integrity by inducing the microRNAs that target transcriptional factors driving epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition. On the other hand, the ENCODE project demonstrated an enrichment of putative motifs for the binding of p53 in epithelial-specific enhancers, such as CDH1 (encoding E-cadherin) enhancers although its biological significance remained unknown. Recently, we identified two novel modes of epithelial integrity (i.e., maintenance of CDH1 expression): one involves the binding of p53 to a CDH1 enhancer region and the other does not. In the former, the binding of p53 is necessary to maintain permissive histone modifications around the CDH1 transcription start site, whereas in the latter, p53 does not bind to this region nor affect histone modifications. Furthermore, these mechanisms likely coexisted within the same tissue. Thus, the mechanisms involved in epithelial integrity appear to be much more complex than previously thought. In this review, we describe our findings, which may instigate further experimental scrutiny towards understanding the whole picture of epithelial integrity as well as the related complex asymmetrical functions of p53. Such understanding will be important not only for cancer biology but also for the safety of regenerative medicine.
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164
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Baud MGJ, Bauer MR, Verduci L, Dingler FA, Patel KJ, Horil Roy D, Joerger AC, Fersht AR. Aminobenzothiazole derivatives stabilize the thermolabile p53 cancer mutant Y220C and show anticancer activity in p53-Y220C cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:101-114. [PMID: 29702446 PMCID: PMC5986712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers have the tumor suppressor p53 inactivated by mutation, making reactivation of mutant p53 with small molecules a promising strategy for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics. The oncogenic p53 mutation Y220C, which accounts for approximately 100,000 cancer cases per year, creates an extended surface crevice in the DNA-binding domain, which destabilizes p53 and causes denaturation and aggregation. Here, we describe the structure-guided design of a novel class of small-molecule Y220C stabilizers and the challenging synthetic routes developed in the process. The synthesized chemical probe MB710, an aminobenzothiazole derivative, binds tightly to the Y220C pocket and stabilizes p53-Y220C in vitro. MB725, an ethylamide analogue of MB710, induced selective viability reduction in several p53-Y220C cancer cell lines while being well tolerated in control cell lines. Reduction of viability correlated with increased and selective transcription of p53 target genes such as BTG2, p21, PUMA, FAS, TNF, and TNFRSF10B, which promote apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, suggesting compound-mediated transcriptional activation of the Y220C mutant. Our data provide a framework for the development of a class of potent, non-toxic compounds for reactivating the Y220C mutant in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias G J Baud
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom; Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Matthias R Bauer
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Verduci
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Felix A Dingler
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan J Patel
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Deeptee Horil Roy
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas C Joerger
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Alan R Fersht
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom.
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165
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p53-Autophagy-Metastasis Link. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050148. [PMID: 29783720 PMCID: PMC5977121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 as the “guardian of the genome” plays an essential role in numerous signaling pathways that control the cell cycle, cell death and in maintaining the integrity of the human genome. p53, depending on the intracellular localization, contributes to the regulation of various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. Accumulated evidence suggests that this function of p53 is closely involved in the process of cancer development. Here, present knowledge concerning a p53-autophagy-metastasis link, as well as therapeutic approaches that influence this link, are discussed.
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166
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Li XL, Subramanian M, Jones MF, Chaudhary R, Singh DK, Zong X, Gryder B, Sindri S, Mo M, Schetter A, Wen X, Parvathaneni S, Kazandjian D, Jenkins LM, Tang W, Elloumi F, Martindale JL, Huarte M, Zhu Y, Robles AI, Frier SM, Rigo F, Cam M, Ambs S, Sharma S, Harris CC, Dasso M, Prasanth KV, Lal A. Long Noncoding RNA PURPL Suppresses Basal p53 Levels and Promotes Tumorigenicity in Colorectal Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2408-2423. [PMID: 28877474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal p53 levels are tightly suppressed under normal conditions. Disrupting this regulation results in elevated p53 levels to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. Here, we report the suppression of basal p53 levels by a nuclear, p53-regulated long noncoding RNA that we termed PURPL (p53 upregulated regulator of p53 levels). Targeted depletion of PURPL in colorectal cancer cells results in elevated basal p53 levels and induces growth defects in cell culture and in mouse xenografts. PURPL associates with MYBBP1A, a protein that binds to and stabilizes p53, and inhibits the formation of the p53-MYBBP1A complex. In the absence of PURPL, MYBBP1A interacts with and stabilizes p53. Silencing MYBBP1A significantly rescues basal p53 levels and proliferation in PURPL-deficient cells, suggesting that MYBBP1A mediates the effect of PURPL in regulating p53. These results reveal a p53-PURPL auto-regulatory feedback loop and demonstrate a role for PURPL in maintaining basal p53 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling Li
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Murugan Subramanian
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew F Jones
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ritu Chaudhary
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deepak K Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xinying Zong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sivasish Sindri
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min Mo
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aaron Schetter
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Swetha Parvathaneni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Dickran Kazandjian
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maite Huarte
- Center for Applied Medical Research, Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 28092, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sudha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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167
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Miyazaki M, Otomo R, Matsushima-Hibiya Y, Suzuki H, Nakajima A, Abe N, Tomiyama A, Ichimura K, Matsuda K, Watanabe T, Ochiya T, Nakagama H, Sakai R, Enari M. The p53 activator overcomes resistance to ALK inhibitors by regulating p53-target selectivity in ALK-driven neuroblastomas. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:56. [PMID: 29760954 PMCID: PMC5945735 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by gene amplification and mutation in neuroblastomas. ALK inhibitors can delay the progression of ALK-driven cancers, but are of limited use owing to ALK inhibitor resistance. Here, we show that resistance to ALK inhibitor in ALK-driven neuroblastomas can be attenuated by combination treatment with a p53 activator. Either ALK inhibition or p53 activator treatment induced cell cycle arrest, whereas combination treatment induced apoptosis, and prevented tumour relapse both in vitro and in vivo. This shift toward apoptosis, and away from cell-cycle arrest, in the presence of an ALK inhibitor and a p53 activator, is mediated by inhibition of the ALK-AKT-FOXO3a axis leading to a specific upregulation of SOX4. SOX4 cooperates with p53 to upregulate the pro-apoptotic protein PUMA. These data therefore suggest a novel combination therapy strategy for treating ALK-driven neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyazaki
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,2Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan.,3Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Tumour Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan.,4Division of Brain Tumour Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Ryo Otomo
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,11Present Address: Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushima-Hibiya
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,4Division of Brain Tumour Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Hidenobu Suzuki
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,4Division of Brain Tumour Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,5Department of NCC Cancer Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Ayana Nakajima
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,4Division of Brain Tumour Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,6Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Graduate school of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Naomi Abe
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,4Division of Brain Tumour Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Arata Tomiyama
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,4Division of Brain Tumour Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,7Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513 Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- 4Division of Brain Tumour Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- 2Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- 3Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Tumour Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- 8Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- 9Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan.,10Division of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan
| | - Masato Enari
- 1Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
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168
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Stiewe T, Haran TE. How mutations shape p53 interactions with the genome to promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:27-43. [PMID: 29857816 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive transcription factor p53 regulates a wide array of cellular processes that confer upon cells an essential protection against cancer development. Wild-type p53 regulates gene expression by directly binding to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. p53 missense mutations are the most common mutations in malignant cells and can be regarded as synonymous with anticancer drug resistance and poor prognosis. The current review provides an overview of how the extraordinary variety of more than 2000 different mutant p53 proteins, known as the p53 mutome, affect the interaction of p53 with DNA. We discuss how the classification of p53 mutations to loss of function (LOF), gain of function (GOF), and dominant-negative (DN) inhibition of a remaining wild-type allele, hides a complex p53 mutation spectrum that depends on the distinctive nature of each mutant protein, requiring different therapeutic strategies for each mutant p53 protein. We propose to regard the different mutant p53 categories as continuous variables, that may not be independent of each other. In particular, we suggest here to consider GOF mutations as a special subset of LOF mutations, especially when mutant p53 binds to DNA through cooperation with other transcription factors, and we present a model for GOF mechanism that consolidates many observations on the GOF phenomenon. We review how novel mutant p53 targeting approaches aim to restore a wild-type-like DNA interaction and to overcome resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tali E Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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169
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Lisowska H, Cheng L, Sollazzo A, Lundholm L, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Sommer S, Lankoff A, Wojcik A. Hypothermia modulates the DNA damage response to ionizing radiation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:551-557. [PMID: 29668347 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1466206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low temperature at exposure has been shown to act in a radioprotective manner at the level of cytogenetic damage. It was suggested to be due to an effective transformation of DNA damage to chromosomal damage at low temperature. The purpose of the study was to analyze the kinetics of aberration formation during the first hours after exposing human peripheral blood lymphocytes to ionizing radiation at 0.8 °C and 37 °C. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, we applied the technique of premature chromosome condensation. In addition, DNA damage response was analyzed by measuring the levels of phosphorylated DNA damage responsive proteins ATM, DNA-PK and p53 and mRNA levels of the radiation-responsive genes BBC3, FDXR, GADD45A, XPC, MDM2 and CDKN1A. RESULTS A consistently lower frequency of chromosomal breaks was observed in cells exposed at 0.8 °C as compared to 37 °C already after 30 minutes postexposure. This effect was accompanied by elevated levels of phosphorylated ATM and DNA-PK proteins and a reduced immediate level of phosphorylated p53 and of the responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Low temperature at exposure appears to promote DNA repair leading to reduced transformation of DNA damage to chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Lisowska
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Lei Cheng
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Alice Sollazzo
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Aneta Wegierek-Ciuk
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Sylwester Sommer
- c Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.,c Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.,b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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170
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Clark S, Myers JB, King A, Fiala R, Novacek J, Pearce G, Heierhorst J, Reichow SL, Barbar EJ. Multivalency regulates activity in an intrinsically disordered transcription factor. eLife 2018; 7:36258. [PMID: 29714690 PMCID: PMC5963919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ASCIZ (ATMIN, ZNF822) has an unusually high number of recognition motifs for the product of its main target gene, the hub protein LC8 (DYNLL1). Using a combination of biophysical methods, structural analysis by NMR and electron microscopy, and cellular transcription assays, we developed a model that proposes a concerted role of intrinsic disorder and multiple LC8 binding events in regulating LC8 transcription. We demonstrate that the long intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of ASCIZ binds LC8 to form a dynamic ensemble of complexes with a gradient of transcriptional activity that is inversely proportional to LC8 occupancy. The preference for low occupancy complexes at saturating LC8 concentrations with both human and Drosophila ASCIZ indicates that negative cooperativity is an important feature of ASCIZ-LC8 interactions. The prevalence of intrinsic disorder and multivalency among transcription factors suggests that formation of heterogeneous, dynamic complexes is a widespread mechanism for tuning transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Oregon, United States
| | - Janette B Myers
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Oregon, United States
| | - Ashleigh King
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Radovan Fiala
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novacek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Grant Pearce
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jörg Heierhorst
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve L Reichow
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Oregon, United States
| | - Elisar J Barbar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Oregon, United States
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171
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Su M, Wang H, Wang W, Wang Y, Ouyang L, Pan C, Xia L, Cao D, Liao Q. LncRNAs in DNA damage response and repair in cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:433-439. [PMID: 29554194 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to maintain integrity of the genome, eukaryotic cells develop a complex DNA damage/repair response network, which can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or DNA repair. Chemo- and radiation therapies, which act primarily through the induction of DNA damage, are the most commonly used therapies for cancer. Impairment in the DNA damage response and repair system that protect cells from persistent DNA damage can affect the therapeutic efficacy of cancer. To date, accumulating evidence has suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of the DNA damage/repair network. LncRNAs have been demonstrated to be master regulators of the genome at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and play a key role in many physiological and pathological processes of cells. In this review, we will discuss the function of lncRNAs in regulating the cellular response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Linda Ouyang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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172
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Fry EA, Inoue K. Aberrant expression of ETS1 and ETS2 proteins in cancer. CANCER REPORTS AND REVIEWS 2018; 2:10.15761/CRR.1000151. [PMID: 29974077 PMCID: PMC6027756 DOI: 10.15761/crr.1000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ETS transcription factors regulate expression of genes involved in normal cell development, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, consisting of 28 family members in humans. Dysregulation of these transcription factors facilitates cell proliferation in cancers, and several members participate in invasion and metastasis by activating gene transcription. ETS1 and ETS2 are the founding members of the ETS family and regulate transcription by binding to ETS sequences. They are both involved in oncogenesis and tumor suppression depending on the biological situations used. The essential roles of ETS proteins in human telomere maintenance have been suggested, which have been linked to creation of new Ets binding sites. Recently, preferential binding of ETS2 to gain-of-function mutant p53 and ETS1 to wild type p53 (WTp53) has been suggested, raising the tumor promoting role for the former and tumor suppressive role for the latter. The oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of ETS1 and 2 proteins have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Dept. of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Dept. of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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173
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Dual Roles of Serine-Threonine Kinase Receptor-Associated Protein (STRAP) in Redox-Sensitive Signaling Pathways Related to Cancer Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5241524. [PMID: 29849900 PMCID: PMC5933018 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5241524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP) is a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor-interacting protein that has been implicated in both cell proliferation and cell death in response to various stresses. However, the precise roles of STRAP in these cellular processes are still unclear. The mechanisms by which STRAP controls both cell proliferation and cell death are now beginning to be unraveled. In addition to its biological roles, this review also focuses on the dual functions of STRAP in cancers displaying redox dysregulation, where it can behave as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene (i.e., it can either inhibit or promote tumor formation), depending on the cellular context. Further studies are needed to define the functions of STRAP and the redox-sensitive intracellular signaling pathways that enhance either cell proliferation or cell death in human cancer tissues, which may help in the development of effective treatments for cancer.
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174
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Agarwal S, Milazzo G, Rajapakshe K, Bernardi R, Chen Z, Barbieri E, Koster J, Perini G, Coarfa C, Shohet JM. MYCN acts as a direct co-regulator of p53 in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20323-20338. [PMID: 29755654 PMCID: PMC5945521 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC oncogenes and p53 have opposing yet interrelated roles in normal development and tumorigenesis. How MYCN expression alters the biology and clinical responsiveness of pediatric neuroblastoma remains poorly defined. Neuroblastoma is p53 wild type at diagnosis and repression of p53 signaling is required for tumorigenesis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MYCN amplification alters p53 transcriptional activity in neuroblastoma. Interestingly, we found that MYCN directly binds to the tetrameric form of p53 at its C-terminal domain, and this interaction is independent of MYCN/MAX heterodimer formation. Chromatin analysis of MYCN and p53 targets reveals dramatic changes in binding, as well as co-localization of the MYCN-p53 complex at p53-REs and E-boxes of genes critical to DNA damage responses and cell cycle progression. RNA sequencing studies show that MYCN-p53 co-localization significantly modulated the expression of p53 target genes. Furthermore, MYCN-p53 interaction leads to regulation of alternative p53 targets not regulated in the presence of low MYCN levels. These novel targets include a number of genes involved in lipid metabolism, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel oncogenic role of MYCN as a transcriptional co-regulator of p53 in high-risk MYCN amplified neuroblastoma. Targeting this novel oncogenic function of MYCN may enhance p53-mediated responses and sensitize MYCN amplified tumors to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Agarwal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ronald Bernardi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zaowen Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eveline Barbieri
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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175
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Kalathil D, Prasad M, Chelladurai M, John S, Nair AS. Thiostrepton degrades mutant p53 by eliciting an autophagic response in SW480 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6938-6950. [PMID: 29665004 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in p53 gene are one of the hallmarks of tumor development. Specific targeting of mutant p53 protein has a promising role in cancer therapeutics. Our preliminary observation showed destabilization of mutant p53 protein in SW480, MiaPaCa and MDAMB231 cell lines upon thiostrepton treatment. In order to elucidate the mechanism of thiostrepton triggered mutant p53 degradation, we explored the impact of proteasome inhibition on activation of autophagy. Combined treatment of thiostrepton and cycloheximide/chloroquine prevented the degradation of mutant p53 protein, reinforcing autophagy as the means of mutant p53 destabilization. Our initial studies suggested that mutant p53 degradation post THSP treatment was carried out by BAG3 mediated autophagy, based on the evidence of BAG1 to BAG3 switching. Subsequent interactome analysis performed post thiostrepton treatment revealed an association of p53 with autophagosome complex associated proteins such as BAG3, p62 and HSC70. Reaccumulation of p53 was seen in BAG3 silenced cells treated with thiostrepton, thereby confirming the role of BAG3 in destabilization of this molecule. Further, localization of p53 into the lysosome upon THSP treatment substantiated our findings that mutant p53 was degraded by an autopahgic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Kalathil
- Cancer Research Program-4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Manu Prasad
- Cancer Research Program-4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Maharrish Chelladurai
- Cancer Research Program-4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Samu John
- Cancer Research Program-4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Asha S Nair
- Cancer Research Program-4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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176
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Boudreau HE, Ma WF, Korzeniowska A, Park JJ, Bhagwat MA, Leto TL. Histone modifications affect differential regulation of TGFβ- induced NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) by wild-type and mutant p53. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44379-44397. [PMID: 28574838 PMCID: PMC5546487 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed wild-type (WT) and mutant (mut) p53 differentially regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4): p53-WT suppresses TGFβ-induced NOX4, ROS and cell migration, whereas tumor-associated mut-p53 proteins enhance NOX4 expression and cell migration. Here, we extended our findings on the effects of p53 on NOX4 in several tumors and examined the basis of NOX4 transcriptional regulation by p53 and SMAD3. Statistical analysis of expression data from primary tumors available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) detected correlations between mut-p53 and increased NOX4 expression. Furthermore, by altering p53 levels in cell culture models we showed several common tumor-associated mutant forms support TGFβ/SMAD3-dependent NOX4 expression. Deletion analysis revealed two critical SMAD3 binding elements (SBE) required for mut-p53-dependent NOX4 induction, whereas p53-WT caused dose-dependent suppression of NOX4 transcription. ChIP analysis revealed SMAD3 and p53-WT or mut-p53 associate with SBEs and p53 response elements in a TGFβ-dependent manner. Interestingly, the repressive effects of p53-WT on NOX4 were relieved by mutation of its transactivation domain or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatment. Overexpression of p300, a transcriptional co-regulator and histone acetyltransferase (HAT), enhanced p53-mediated NOX4 induction, whereas HAT-inactive p300 reduced NOX4 expression. Mut-p53 augmented TGFβ-stimulated histone acetylation within the NOX4 promoter. Finally, wound assays demonstrated NOX4 and p300 promote TGFβ/mut-p53-mediated cell migration. Our studies provide new insight into TGFβ/SMAD3 and mut-p53-mediated NOX4 induction involving epigenetic control of NOX4 in tumor cell migration, suggesting NOX4 is a potential therapeutic target to combat tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard E Boudreau
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Feng Ma
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan J Park
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Medha A Bhagwat
- Bioinformatics Support Program, National Institutes of Health Library, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas L Leto
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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177
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Huang H, Xu C, Wang Y, Meng C, Liu W, Zhao Y, Huang XR, You W, Feng B, Zheng ZH, Huang Y, Lan HY, Qin J, Xia Y. Lethal (3) malignant brain tumor-like 2 (L3MBTL2) protein protects against kidney injury by inhibiting the DNA damage–p53–apoptosis pathway in renal tubular cells. Kidney Int 2018; 93:855-870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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178
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Wang X, Sun Q. TP53 mutations, expression and interaction networks in human cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:624-643. [PMID: 27880943 PMCID: PMC5352183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the associations of p53 dysfunction, p53 interaction networks and oncogenesis have been widely explored, a systematic analysis of TP53 mutations and its related interaction networks in various types of human cancers is lacking. Our study explored the associations of TP53 mutations, gene expression, clinical outcomes, and TP53 interaction networks across 33 cancer types using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We show that TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in a number of cancers, and its mutations appear to be early events in cancer initiation. We identified genes potentially repressed by p53, and genes whose expression correlates significantly with TP53 expression. These gene products may be especially important nodes in p53 interaction networks in human cancers. This study shows that while TP53-truncating mutations often result in decreased TP53 expression, other non-truncating TP53 mutations result in increased TP53 expression in some cancers. Survival analyses in a number of cancers show that patients with TP53 mutations are more likely to have worse prognoses than TP53-wildtype patients, and that elevated TP53 expression often leads to poor clinical outcomes. We identified a set of candidate synthetic lethal (SL) genes for TP53, and validated some of these SL interactions using data from the Cancer Cell Line Project. These predicted SL genes are promising candidates for experimental validation and the development of personalized therapeutics for patients with TP53-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qingrong Sun
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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179
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Quinet A, Lerner LK, Martins DJ, Menck CFM. Filling gaps in translesion DNA synthesis in human cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:127-142. [PMID: 30442338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During DNA replication, forks may encounter unrepaired lesions that hamper DNA synthesis. Cells have universal strategies to promote damage bypass allowing cells to survive. DNA damage tolerance can be performed upon template switch or by specialized DNA polymerases, known as translesion (TLS) polymerases. Human cells count on more than eleven TLS polymerases and this work reviews the functions of some of these enzymes: Rev1, Pol η, Pol ι, Pol κ, Pol θ and Pol ζ. The mechanisms of damage bypass vary according to the lesion, as well as to the TLS polymerases available, and may occur directly at the fork during replication. Alternatively, the lesion may be skipped, leaving a single-stranded DNA gap that will be replicated later. Details of the participation of these enzymes are revised for the replication of damaged template. TLS polymerases also have functions in other cellular processes. These include involvement in somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes, direct participation in recombination and repair processes, and contributing to replicating noncanonical DNA structures. The importance of DNA damage replication to cell survival is supported by recent discoveries that certain genes encoding TLS polymerases are induced in response to DNA damaging agents, protecting cells from a subsequent challenge to DNA replication. We retrace the findings on these genotoxic (adaptive) responses of human cells and show the common aspects with the SOS responses in bacteria. Paradoxically, although TLS of DNA damage is normally an error prone mechanism, in general it protects from carcinogenesis, as evidenced by increased tumorigenesis in xeroderma pigmentosum variant patients, who are deficient in Pol η. As these TLS polymerases also promote cell survival, they constitute an important mechanism by which cancer cells acquire resistance to genotoxic chemotherapy. Therefore, the TLS polymerases are new potential targets for improving therapy against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Quinet
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Leticia K Lerner
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Davi J Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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180
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Enari M, Matsushima-Hibiya Y, Miyazaki M, Otomo R. Studies of ATM Kinase Activity Using Engineered ATM Sensitive to ATP Analogues (ATM-AS). Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1599:145-156. [PMID: 28477117 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6955-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3-K)-related protein kinase (PIKK) family and is implicated in the initiation of signaling pathways following DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) elicited by exposure to ionizing irradiation (IR) or radiomimetic compounds. Loss of function of the ATM gene product results in the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) characterized by neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, genomic instability, and cancer predisposition. In response to DSBs, ATM is activated and phosphorylates Ser/Thr-Gln (S/T-Q) sequences on numerous proteins participating in DNA-damage responses. Among these proteins, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 at Ser15 is known as a target for ATM, which leads to the dissociation of MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, from p53 to prevent MDM2-dependent p53 degradation. Ser46 on p53 is phosphorylated in response to DSBs and contributes to the preferential transactivation of pro-apoptotic genes, such as p53AIP1, Noxa, and PUMA, to prevent tumor formation. Our group have shown that not only ATM preferentially phosphorylates S/T-Q sequences, but also Ser46, which is a noncanonical site with an S-P sequence for ATM. Ser46 on p53 is directly phosphorylated by ATM in a p53 conformation-dependent manner using the ATP analogue-accepting ATM mutant (ATM-AS) system. This protocol summarizes an approach to identify direct numerous targets for ATM kinase and is used to elucidate ATM signaling pathways in the DNA damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Enari
- Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Yuko Matsushima-Hibiya
- Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryo Otomo
- Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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181
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Kojima K, Maeda A, Yoshimura M, Nishida Y, Kimura S. The pathophysiological significance of PPM1D and therapeutic targeting of PPM1D-mediated signaling by GSK2830371 in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69625-69637. [PMID: 27626308 PMCID: PMC5342503 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PPM1D is a serine/threonine phosphatase that negatively regulates key DNA damage response proteins, such as p53, p38 MAPK, histone H2A.X, and ATM. We investigated the pathophysiological significance of PPM1D and its therapeutic targeting by the novel PPM1D inhibitor GSK2830371 in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Oncomine-based analyses indicated increased PPM1D mRNA levels in MCL cells compared with their normal counterpart cells. Higher PPM1D expression was associated with higher expression of the proliferation gene signature and poorer prognosis in patients. Eight MCL (three p53 wild-type and five mutant) cell lines were exposed to GSK2830371. GSK2830371 inhibited the cell growth, being prominent in p53 wild-type cells. GSK2830371 induced apoptosis in sensitive cells, as evidenced by induction of phosphatidylserine externalization and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. p53 knockdown de-sensitized cell sensitivity. GSK2830371 increased the levels of total and Ser15-phosphorylated p53, and p53 targets p21 and PUMA. GSK2830371 and the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a acted synergistically in p53 wild-type cells. Interestingly, GSK2830371 sensitized MCL cells to bortezomib and doxorubicin in p53 wild-type and mutant cells; p38 signaling appeared to be involved in the GSK2830371/bortezomib lethality. PPM1D inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for MCL, which can be exploited in combination therapeutic strategies for MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kojima
- Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Division of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Aya Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Division of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mariko Yoshimura
- Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Division of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishida
- Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Division of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Division of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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182
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Di Paolo C, Müller Y, Thalmann B, Hollert H, Seiler TB. p53 induction and cell viability modulation by genotoxic individual chemicals and mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4012-4022. [PMID: 28303539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The binding of the p53 tumor suppression protein to DNA response elements after genotoxic stress can be quantified by cell-based reporter gene assays as a DNA damage endpoint. Currently, bioassay evaluation of environmental samples requires further knowledge on p53 induction by chemical mixtures and on cytotoxicity interference with p53 induction analysis for proper interpretation of results. We investigated the effects of genotoxic pharmaceuticals (actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide) and nitroaromatic compounds (4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, 3-nitrobenzanthrone) on p53 induction and cell viability using a reporter gene and a colorimetric assay, respectively. Individual exposures were conducted in the absence or presence of metabolic activation system, while binary and tertiary mixtures were tested in its absence only. Cell viability reduction tended to present direct correlation with p53 induction, and induction peaks occurred mainly at chemical concentrations causing cell viability below 80%. Mixtures presented in general good agreement between predicted and measured p53 induction factors at lower concentrations, while higher chemical concentrations gave lower values than expected. Cytotoxicity evaluation supported the selection of concentration ranges for the p53 assay and the interpretation of its results. The often used 80% viability threshold as a basis to select the maximum test concentration for cell-based assays was not adequate for p53 induction assessment. Instead, concentrations causing up to 50% cell viability reduction should be evaluated in order to identify the lowest observed effect concentration and peak values following meaningful p53 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Di Paolo
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Müller
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Beat Thalmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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183
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Zwezdaryk K, Sullivan D, Saifudeen Z. The p53/Adipose-Tissue/Cancer Nexus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:457. [PMID: 30158901 PMCID: PMC6104444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the resultant metabolic complications have been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In addition to the systemic metabolic disturbances in obesity that are associated with cancer initiation and progression, the presence of adipose tissue in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes significantly to malignancy through direct cell-cell interaction or paracrine signaling. This chronic inflammatory state can be maintained by p53-associated mechanisms. Increased p53 levels that are observed in obesity exacerbate the release of inflammatory cytokines that fuel cancer initiation and progression. Dysregulated adipose tissue signaling from the TME can reprogram tumor cell metabolism. The links between p53, cellular metabolism and adipose tissue dysfunction and how they relate to cancer, will be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin Zwezdaryk
| | - Deborah Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Deborah Sullivan
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Zubaida Saifudeen
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184
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Gasch AP, Yu FB, Hose J, Escalante LE, Place M, Bacher R, Kanbar J, Ciobanu D, Sandor L, Grigoriev IV, Kendziorski C, Quake SR, McClean MN. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory heterogeneity in yeast responding to stress. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2004050. [PMID: 29240790 PMCID: PMC5746276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
From bacteria to humans, individual cells within isogenic populations can show significant variation in stress tolerance, but the nature of this heterogeneity is not clear. To investigate this, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to quantify transcript heterogeneity in single Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells treated with and without salt stress to explore population variation and identify cellular covariates that influence the stress-responsive transcriptome. Leveraging the extensive knowledge of yeast transcriptional regulation, we uncovered significant regulatory variation in individual yeast cells, both before and after stress. We also discovered that a subset of cells appears to decouple expression of ribosomal protein genes from the environmental stress response in a manner partly correlated with the cell cycle but unrelated to the yeast ultradian metabolic cycle. Live-cell imaging of cells expressing pairs of fluorescent regulators, including the transcription factor Msn2 with Dot6, Sfp1, or MAP kinase Hog1, revealed both coordinated and decoupled nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Together with transcriptomic analysis, our results suggest that cells maintain a cellular filter against decoupled bursts of transcription factor activation but mount a stress response upon coordinated regulation, even in a subset of unstressed cells. Genetically identical cells growing in the same environment can vary in their cellular state and behavior. Such heterogeneity may explain why some cells in an isogenic population can survive sudden severe environmental stress whereas other cells succumb. Cell-to-cell variation in gene expression has been linked to variable stress survival, but how and why transcript levels vary across the transcriptome in single cells is only beginning to emerge. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to measure cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the transcriptome of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We find surprising patterns of variation across known sets of transcription factor targets, indicating that cells vary in their transcriptome profile both before and after stress exposure. scRNA-seq analysis combined with live-cell imaging of transcription factor activation dynamics revealed some cells in which the stress response was coordinately activated and other cells in which the traditional response was decoupled, suggesting unrecognized regulatory nuances that expand our understanding of stress response and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey P. Gasch
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Feiqiao Brian Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - James Hose
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Leah E. Escalante
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mike Place
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jad Kanbar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Doina Ciobanu
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Sandor
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Megan N. McClean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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185
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The Tumor Suppressor, P53, Decreases the Metal Transporter, ZIP14. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121335. [PMID: 29292794 PMCID: PMC5748785 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of p53’s proper function accounts for over half of identified human cancers. We identified the metal transporter ZIP14 (Zinc-regulated transporter (ZRT) and Iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like Protein 14) as a p53-regulated protein. ZIP14 protein levels were upregulated by lack of p53 and downregulated by increased p53 expression. This regulation did not fully depend on the changes in ZIP14’s mRNA expression. Co-precipitation studies indicated that p53 interacts with ZIP14 and increases its ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, knockdown of p53 resulted in higher non-transferrin-bound iron uptake, which was mediated by increased ZIP14 levels. Our study highlights a role for p53 in regulating nutrient metabolism and provides insight into how iron and possibly other metals such as zinc and manganese could be regulated in p53-inactivated tumor cells.
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186
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Wendel SO, Wallace NA. Loss of Genome Fidelity: Beta HPVs and the DNA Damage Response. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2250. [PMID: 29187845 PMCID: PMC5694782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While the role of genus alpha human papillomaviruses in the tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers is well-established, the role of genus beta human papilloviruses (β-HPVs) in non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) is less certain. Persistent β-HPV infections cause NMSCs in sun-exposed skin of people with a rare genetic disorder, epidermodysplasia verruciformis. However, β-HPV infections in people without epidermodysplasia verruciformis are typically transient. Further, β-HPV gene expression is not necessary for tumor maintenance in the general population as on average there is fewer than one copy of the β-HPV genome per cell in NMSC tumor biopsies. Cell culture, epidemiological, and mouse model experiments support a role for β-HPV infections in the initiation of NMSCs through a "hit and run" mechanism. The virus is hypothesized to act as a cofactor, augmenting the genome destabilizing effects of UV. Supporting this idea, two β-HPV proteins (β-HPV E6 and E7) disrupt the cellular response to UV exposure and other genome destabilizing events by abrogating DNA repair and deregulating cell cycle progression. The aberrant damage response increases the likelihood of oncogenic mutations capable of driving tumorigenesis independent of a sustained β-HPV infection or continued viral protein expression. This review summarizes what is currently known about the deleterious effects of β-HPV on genome maintenance in the context of the virus's putative role in NMSC initiation.
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187
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Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by p53. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:133-143. [PMID: 29125602 PMCID: PMC5729533 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a transcription factor that suppresses tumor growth through regulation of dozens of target genes with diverse biological functions. The activity of this master transcription factor is inactivated in nearly all tumors, either by mutations in the TP53 locus or by oncogenic events that decrease the activity of the wild-type protein, such as overexpression of the p53 repressor MDM2. However, despite decades of intensive research, our collective understanding of the p53 signaling cascade remains incomplete. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms of p53-dependent transcriptional control as they relate to five key areas: (1) the functionally distinct N-terminal transactivation domains, (2) the diverse regulatory roles of its C-terminal domain, (3) evidence that p53 is solely a direct transcriptional activator, not a direct repressor, (4) the ability of p53 to recognize many of its enhancers across diverse chromatin environments, and (5) mechanisms that modify the p53-dependent transcriptional program in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
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188
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Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Transcription factors: Time to deliver. J Control Release 2017; 269:24-35. [PMID: 29113792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are at the center of the broad regulatory network orchestrating gene expression programs that elicit different biological responses. For a long time, TFs have been considered as potent drug targets due to their implications in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. At the same time, TFs, located at convergence points of cellular regulatory pathways, are powerful tools providing opportunities both for cell type change and for managing the state of cells. This task formulation requires the TF modulation problem to come to the fore. We review several ways to manage TF activity (small molecules, transfection, nanocarriers, protein-based approaches), analyzing their limitations and the possibilities to overcome them. Delivery of TFs could revolutionize the biomedical field. Whether this forecast comes true will depend on the ability to develop convenient technologies for targeted delivery of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Ulasov
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia.
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189
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Periyasamy M, Singh AK, Gemma C, Kranjec C, Farzan R, Leach DA, Navaratnam N, Pálinkás HL, Vértessy BG, Fenton TR, Doorbar J, Fuller-Pace F, Meek DW, Coombes RC, Buluwela L, Ali S. p53 controls expression of the DNA deaminase APOBEC3B to limit its potential mutagenic activity in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11056-11069. [PMID: 28977491 PMCID: PMC5737468 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genome sequencing has implicated the cytosine deaminase activity of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) genes as an important source of mutations in diverse cancers, with APOBEC3B (A3B) expression especially correlated with such cancer mutations. To better understand the processes directing A3B over-expression in cancer, and possible therapeutic avenues for targeting A3B, we have investigated the regulation of A3B gene expression. Here, we show that A3B expression is inversely related to p53 status in different cancer types and demonstrate that this is due to a direct and pivotal role for p53 in repressing A3B expression. This occurs through the induction of p21 (CDKN1A) and the recruitment of the repressive DREAM complex to the A3B gene promoter, such that loss of p53 through mutation, or human papilloma virus-mediated inhibition, prevents recruitment of the complex, thereby causing elevated A3B expression and cytosine deaminase activity in cancer cells. As p53 is frequently mutated in cancer, our findings provide a mechanism by which p53 loss can promote cancer mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Periyasamy
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anup K. Singh
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carolina Gemma
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Christian Kranjec
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Raed Farzan
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Damien A. Leach
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Naveenan Navaratnam
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hajnalka L. Pálinkás
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism and Repair, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Beata G. Vértessy
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism and Repair, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Tim R. Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Frances Fuller-Pace
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David W. Meek
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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190
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Kalmodia S, Parameswaran S, Ganapathy K, Yang W, Barrow CJ, Kanwar JR, Roy K, Vasudevan M, Kulkarni K, Elchuri SV, Krishnakumar S. Characterization and Molecular Mechanism of Peptide-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticle Inhibiting p53-HDM2 Interaction in Retinoblastoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:349-364. [PMID: 29246314 PMCID: PMC5684491 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the interaction between p53 and HDM2 is an effective therapeutic strategy in cancers that harbor a wild-type p53 protein such as retinoblastoma (RB). Nanoparticle-based delivery of therapeutic molecules has been shown to be advantageous in localized delivery, including to the eye, by overcoming ocular barriers. In this study, we utilized biocompatible gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to deliver anti-HDM2 peptide to RB cells. Characterization studies suggested that GNP-HDM2 was stable in biologically relevant solvents and had optimal cellular internalization capability, the primary requirement of any therapeutic molecule. GNP-HDM2 treatment in RB cells in vitro suggested that they function by arresting RB cells at the G2M phase of the cell cycle and initiating apoptosis. Analysis of molecular changes in GNP-HDM2-treated cells by qRT-PCR and western blotting revealed that the p53 protein was upregulated; however, transactivation of its downstream targets was minimal, except for the PUMA-BCl2 and Bax axis. Global gene expression and in silico bioinformatic analysis of GNP-HDM2-treated cells suggested that upregulation of p53 might presumptively mediate apoptosis through the induction of p53-inducible miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, India; Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - Kalaivani Ganapathy
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - Wenrong Yang
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine -Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medicine Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Kislay Roy
- Nanomedicine -Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medicine Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | | | | | - Sailaja V Elchuri
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, India.
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191
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Liu K, Lee J, Kim JY, Wang L, Tian Y, Chan ST, Cho C, Machida K, Chen D, Ou JHJ. Mitophagy Controls the Activities of Tumor Suppressor p53 to Regulate Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells. Mol Cell 2017; 68:281-292.e5. [PMID: 29033320 PMCID: PMC5687282 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is required for benign hepatic tumors to progress into malignant hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanism is unclear. Here, we report that mitophagy, the selective removal of mitochondria by autophagy, positively regulates hepatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) by suppressing the tumor suppressor p53. When mitophagy is enhanced, p53 co-localizes with mitochondria and is removed by a mitophagy-dependent manner. However, when mitophagy is inhibited, p53 is phosphorylated at serine-392 by PINK1, a kinase associated with mitophagy, on mitochondria and translocated into the nucleus, where it binds to the NANOG promoter to prevent OCT4 and SOX2 transcription factors from activating the expression of NANOG, a transcription factor critical for maintaining the stemness and the self-renewal ability of CSCs, resulting in the reduction of hepatic CSC populations. These results demonstrate that mitophagy controls the activities of p53 to maintain hepatic CSCs and provide an explanation as to why autophagy is required to promote hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ja Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Linya Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stephanie T Chan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cecilia Cho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Hsiung James Ou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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192
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Rahnamoun H, Lu H, Duttke SH, Benner C, Glass CK, Lauberth SM. Mutant p53 shapes the enhancer landscape of cancer cells in response to chronic immune signaling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:754. [PMID: 28963538 PMCID: PMC5622043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation influences cancer development, progression, and the efficacy of cancer treatments, yet the mechanisms by which immune signaling drives alterations in the cancer cell transcriptome remain unclear. Using ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and GRO-seq, here we demonstrate a global overlap in the binding of tumor-promoting p53 mutants and the master proinflammatory regulator NFκB that drives alterations in enhancer and gene activation in response to chronic TNF-α signaling. We show that p53 mutants interact directly with NFκB and that both factors impact the other's binding at diverse sets of active enhancers. In turn, the simultaneous and cooperative binding of these factors is required to regulate RNAPII recruitment, the synthesis of enhancer RNAs, and the activation of tumor-promoting genes. Collectively, these findings establish a mechanism by which chronic TNF-α signaling orchestrates a functional interplay between mutant p53 and NFκB that underlies altered patterns of cancer-promoting gene expression.Inflammation is known to affect cancer development, yet the mechanisms by which immune signaling drives transformation remain unclear. Here, the authors provide evidence that chronic TNF-α signaling promotes the enhancer binding and transcriptional interplay between mutant p53 and NFκB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Rahnamoun
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hanbin Lu
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0651, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0651, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0651, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0651, USA
| | - Shannon M Lauberth
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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193
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Bao F, LoVerso PR, Fisk JN, Zhurkin VB, Cui F. p53 binding sites in normal and cancer cells are characterized by distinct chromatin context. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2073-2085. [PMID: 28820292 PMCID: PMC5731425 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1361064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 interacts with DNA in a sequence-dependent manner. Thousands of p53 binding sites have been mapped genome-wide in normal and cancer cells. However, the way p53 selectively binds its cognate sites in different types of cells is not fully understood. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 25 published p53 cistromes and identified 3,551 and 6,039 ‘high-confidence’ binding sites in normal and cancer cells, respectively. Our analysis revealed 2 distinct epigenetic features underlying p53-DNA interactions in vivo. First, p53 binding sites are associated with transcriptionally active histone marks (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) in normal-cell chromatin, but with repressive histone marks (H3K27me3) in cancer-cell chromatin. Second, p53 binding sites in cancer cells are characterized by a lower level of DNA methylation than their counterparts in normal cells, probably related to global hypomethylation in cancers. Intriguingly, regardless of the cell type, p53 sites are highly enriched in the endogenous retroviral elements of the ERV1 family, highlighting the importance of this repeat family in shaping the transcriptional network of p53. Moreover, the p53 sites exhibit an unusual combination of chromatin patterns: high nucleosome occupancy and, at the same time, high sensitivity to DNase I. Our results suggest that p53 can access its target sites in a chromatin environment that is non-permissive to most DNA-binding transcription factors, which may allow p53 to act as a pioneer transcription factor in the context of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Bao
- a Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Peter R LoVerso
- b Laboratory of Cell Biology , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Jeffrey N Fisk
- a Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Victor B Zhurkin
- b Laboratory of Cell Biology , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Feng Cui
- a Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , NY , USA
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194
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Selvaraj S, Oh JH, Spanel R, Länger F, Han HY, Lee EH, Yoon S, Borlak J. The pathogenesis of diclofenac induced immunoallergic hepatitis in a canine model of liver injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107763-107824. [PMID: 29296203 PMCID: PMC5746105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is a common adverse drug reaction and may result in serious inflammatory reactions of the liver. To investigate mechanism of immunoallergic hepatitis beagle dogs were given 1 or 3 mg/kg/day (HD) oral diclofenac for 28 days. HD diclofenac treatment caused liver function test abnormalities, reduced haematocrit and haemoglobin but induced reticulocyte, WBC, platelet, neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Histopathology evidenced hepatic steatosis and glycogen depletion, apoptosis, acute lobular hepatitis, granulomas and mastocytosis. Whole genome scans revealed 663 significantly regulated genes of which 82, 47 and 25 code for stress, immune response and inflammation. Immunopathology confirmed strong induction of IgM, the complement factors C3&B, SAA, SERPING1 and others of the classical and alternate pathway. Alike, marked expression of CD205 and CD74 in Kupffer cells and lymphocytes facilitate antigen presentation and B-cell differentiation. The highly induced HIF1A and KLF6 protein expression in mast cells and macrophages sustain inflammation. Furthermore, immunogenomics discovered 24, 17, 6 and 11 significantly regulated marker genes to hallmark M1/M2 polarized macrophages, lymphocytic and granulocytic infiltrates; note, the latter was confirmed by CAE staining. Other highly regulated genes included alpha-2-macroglobulin, CRP, hepcidin, IL1R1, S100A8 and CCL20. Diclofenac treatment caused unprecedented induction of myeloperoxidase in macrophages and oxidative stress as shown by SOD1/SOD2 immunohistochemistry. Lastly, bioinformatics defined molecular circuits of inflammation and consisted of 161 regulated genes. Altogether, the mechanism of diclofenac induced liver hypersensitivity reactions involved oxidative stress, macrophage polarization, mastocytosis, complement activation and an erroneous programming of the innate and adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanakumar Selvaraj
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 34114 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Reinhard Spanel
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, 41747 Viersen, Germany
| | - Florian Länger
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hyoung-Yun Han
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 34114 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 34114 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 34114 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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195
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Solomon H, Bräuning B, Fainer I, Ben-Nissan G, Rabani S, Goldfinger N, Moscovitz O, Shakked Z, Rotter V, Sharon M. Post-translational regulation of p53 function through 20S proteasome-mediated cleavage. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:2187-2198. [PMID: 28885617 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of a range of target genes in response to cellular stress. Adding to the complexity of understanding its cellular function is that in addition to the full-length protein, several p53 isoforms are produced in humans, harboring diverse expression patterns and functionalities. One isoform, Δ40p53, which lacks the first transactivation domain including the binding region for the negative regulator MDM2, was shown to be a product of alternative translation initiation. Here we report the discovery of an alternative cellular mechanism for Δ40p53 formation. We show that the 20S proteasome specifically cleaves the full-length protein (FLp53) to generate the Δ40p53 isoform. Moreover, we demonstrate that a dimer of FLp53 interacts with a Δ40p53 dimer, creating a functional hetero-tetramer. Consequently, the co-expression of both isoforms attenuates the transcriptional activity of FLp53 in a dominant negative manner. Finally, we demonstrate that following oxidative stress, at the time when the 20S proteasome becomes the major degradation machinery and FLp53 is activated, the formation of Δ40p53 is enhanced, creating a negative feedback loop that balances FLp53 activation. Overall, our results suggest that Δ40p53 can be generated by a 20S proteasome-mediated post-translational mechanism so as to control p53 function. More generally, the discovery of a specific cleavage function for the 20S proteasome may represent a more general cellular regulatory mechanism to produce proteins with distinct functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Solomon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Bastian Bräuning
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.,Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Irit Fainer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Stav Rabani
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Naomi Goldfinger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Oren Moscovitz
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zippora Shakked
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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196
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Thiamine antagonists trigger p53-dependent apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10632. [PMID: 28878400 PMCID: PMC5587765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggest that p53 is a key coordinator of cellular events triggered by oxidative stress often associated with the impairment in thiamine metabolism and its functions. However, there are limited data regarding the pursuant feedback between p53 transactivation and thiamine homeostasis. Impairment in thiamine metabolism can be induced experimentally via interference with the thiamine uptake and/or inhibition of the thiamin pyrophosphate–dependent enzymes using thiamine antagonists - amprolium (AM), oxythiamine (OT) or pyrithiamine (PT). We found that exposure of neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells to AM, OT and PT triggered upregulation of p53 gene expression, post-translational modification of p53 via phosphorylation and activation of p53 DNA-binding activity. Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser20 was equally efficient in upregulation of thiamine transporter 1 (THTR1) by all antagonists. However, induction of the expressions of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (PDHB) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) required dual phosphorylation of p53 at Ser9 and Ser20, seen in cells treated with PT and OT. Moreover, pretreatment of the cells with a decoy oligonucleotide carrying wild-type p53-response element markedly attenuated OT-induced THTR1, PDHB and OGDH gene expression suggesting an important role of p53 in transactivation of these genes. Finally, analysis of gene and metabolic networks showed that OT triggers cell apoptosis through the p53-dependent intrinsic pathway.
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197
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Loffreda A, Jacchetti E, Antunes S, Rainone P, Daniele T, Morisaki T, Bianchi ME, Tacchetti C, Mazza D. Live-cell p53 single-molecule binding is modulated by C-terminal acetylation and correlates with transcriptional activity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:313. [PMID: 28827596 PMCID: PMC5567047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-cell microscopy has highlighted that transcription factors bind transiently to chromatin but it is not clear if the duration of these binding interactions can be modulated in response to an activation stimulus, and if such modulation can be controlled by post-translational modifications of the transcription factor. We address this question for the tumor suppressor p53 by combining live-cell single-molecule microscopy and single cell in situ measurements of transcription and we show that p53-binding kinetics are modulated following genotoxic stress. The modulation of p53 residence times on chromatin requires C-terminal acetylation—a classical mark for transcriptionally active p53—and correlates with the induction of transcription of target genes such as CDKN1a. We propose a model in which the modification state of the transcription factor determines the coupling between transcription factor abundance and transcriptional activity by tuning the transcription factor residence time on target sites. Both transcription binding kinetics and post-translational modifications of transcription factors are thought to play a role in the modulation of transcription. Here the authors use single-molecule tracking to directly demonstrate that p53 acetylation modulates promoter residence time and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Loffreda
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy.,Fondazione CEN, European Center for Nanomedicine, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G.Natta". Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Sofia Antunes
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Researches Council, Segrate, 20090, (MI), Italy
| | - Tiziana Daniele
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Tatsuya Morisaki
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Milano, 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy. .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, 20132, Italy.
| | - Davide Mazza
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy. .,Fondazione CEN, European Center for Nanomedicine, Milano, 20133, Italy.
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198
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Murata A, Itoh Y, Mano E, Kanbayashi S, Igarashi C, Takahashi H, Takahashi S, Kamagata K. One-Dimensional Search Dynamics of Tumor Suppressor p53 Regulated by a Disordered C-Terminal Domain. Biophys J 2017; 112:2301-2314. [PMID: 28591603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 slides along DNA and finds its target sequence in drastically different and changing cellular conditions. To elucidate how p53 maintains efficient target search at different concentrations of divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, we prepared two mutants of p53, each possessing one of its two DNA-binding domains, the CoreTet mutant having the structured core domain plus the tetramerization (Tet) domain, and the TetCT mutant having Tet plus the disordered C-terminal domain. We investigated their equilibrium and kinetic dissociation from DNA and search dynamics along DNA at various [Mg2+]. Although binding of CoreTet to DNA becomes markedly weaker at higher [Mg2+], binding of TetCT depends slightly on [Mg2+]. Single-molecule fluorescence measurements revealed that the one-dimensional diffusion of CoreTet along DNA consists of fast and slow search modes, the ratio of which depends strongly on [Mg2+]. In contrast, diffusion of TetCT consisted of only the fast mode. The disordered C-terminal domain can associate with DNA irrespective of [Mg2+], and can maintain an equilibrium balance of the two search modes and the p53 search distance. These results suggest that p53 modulates the quaternary structure of the complex between p53 and DNA under different [Mg2+] and that it maintains the target search along DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agato Murata
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuji Itoh
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Eriko Mano
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Saori Kanbayashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Igarashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takahashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kiyoto Kamagata
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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199
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Fischer M, Müller GA. Cell cycle transcription control: DREAM/MuvB and RB-E2F complexes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:638-662. [PMID: 28799433 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1360836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The precise timing of cell cycle gene expression is critical for the control of cell proliferation; de-regulation of this timing promotes the formation of cancer and leads to defects during differentiation and development. Entry into and progression through S phase requires expression of genes coding for proteins that function in DNA replication. Expression of a distinct set of genes is essential to pass through mitosis and cytokinesis. Expression of these groups of cell cycle-dependent genes is regulated by the RB pocket protein family, the E2F transcription factor family, and MuvB complexes together with B-MYB and FOXM1. Distinct combinations of these transcription factors promote the transcription of the two major groups of cell cycle genes that are maximally expressed either in S phase (G1/S) or in mitosis (G2/M). In this review, we discuss recent work that has started to uncover the molecular mechanisms controlling the precisely timed expression of these genes at specific cell cycle phases, as well as the repression of the genes when a cell exits the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Gerd A Müller
- a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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200
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Apoptosis in inner ear sensory hair cells. J Otol 2017; 12:151-164. [PMID: 29937851 PMCID: PMC6002637 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or controlled cell death, is a normal part of cellular lifespan. Cell death of cochlear hair cells causes deafness; an apoptotic process that is not well understood. Worldwide, 1.3 billion humans suffer some form of hearing loss, while 360 million suffer debilitating hearing loss as a direct result of the absence of these cochlear hair cells (Worldwide Hearing, 2014). Much is known about apoptosis in other systems and in other cell types thanks to studies done since the mid-20th century. Here we review current literature on apoptosis in general, and causes of deafness and cochlear hair cells loss as a result of apoptosis. The family of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) proteins are among the most studied and characterized. We will review current literature on the Bcl2 and Bcl6 protein interactions in relation to apoptosis and their possible roles in vulnerability and survival of cochlear hair cells.
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