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Evaluation of the usefulness of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in a context with increased resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Kingasani Hospital, Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:105009. [PMID: 34284138 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) threatens its usefulness for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp-SP). The prophylactic effects of IPTp-SP on maternal malaria and adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated in Kingasani Hospital, Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). METHODS Laboring women (n = 844) and respective newborns were investigated. Blood samples collected from women were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test (RDT), blood smears examination, and real-time PCR. The hemoglobin level was measured by HemoCue© analyzer. A PCR-RFLP method was applied for detecting N51I, C59R, and S108N mutations on dhfr along with A437G and K540E mutations on dhps in P. falciparum positive samples. Logistic regression models assessed relationships between IPTp-SP uptake and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS P. falciparum malaria was detected at delivery in 10.8% of women and was statistically associated with fever during the pregnancy (OR = 2.9 [1.5; 6.3]; p = 0.004) and maternal anemia (OR = 3.9 [2.4; 6.3]; p < 0.001). One out of five parasites was a quintuple mutant encoding dhfr mutations 51I, 59R, and 108 N along with dhps mutations 437G and 540E. The molecular profile of parasites (i.e., 32.6% of parasites carrying dhps K540E) was suitable with continued use of SP for IPTp. IPTp-SP uptake was not associated with reduced maternal malaria, fever reported in pregnancy, or fetal deaths (p > 0.05). Conversely, three or more doses of SP were associated with reduced maternal anemia at delivery (OR = 0.4 [0.2; 0.9]; p = 0.024), shortened gestation (OR = 0.4 [0.2; 0.8]; p = 0.009), and low-birth weights (OR = 0.2 [0.1; 0.5]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION IPTp-SP was not associated with reduced maternal malaria in our study, but evidence was found of a prophylactic effect against adverse pregnancy outcomes. To counteract further loss of clinical effects of IPTp-SP in the study population, alternative strategies able to improve its anti-malarial efficacy such as combination of SP with partner molecules should be implemented.
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152
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L'Episcopia M, Bartoli TA, Corpolongo A, Mariano A, D'Abramo A, Vulcano A, Paglia MG, Perrotti E, Menegon M, Nicastri E, Severini C. Artemisinin resistance surveillance in African Plasmodium falciparum isolates from imported malaria cases to Italy. J Travel Med 2021; 28:6028740. [PMID: 33295621 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria is a significant public health problem in returning travellers, and artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) remains the first choice for treatment. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P. falciparum kelch 13 (Pfk13) gene have been associated with artemisinin (ART) resistance. Moreover, the increase in the P. falciparum plasmepsin 2 (Pfpm2) gene copy number was shown to be linked with reduced susceptibility of P. falciparum to piperaquine (PPQ), a partner drug in an ACT regimen. Active molecular surveillance for imported drug-resistant malaria parasites is a pivotal activity to provide adequate chemoprophylaxis and treatment guidelines. METHODS A retrospective study to review imported P. falciparum malaria in patients admitted to Spallanzani Institute between 2014 and 2015 was conducted. Information collected included clinic and epidemiological characteristics such as age, gender, country of origin, time since arrival to our country, travel history. All P.falciparum isolates were analysed for SNPs in the Pfk13 gene and for copy number variations in the Pfpm2 gene. RESULTS P. falciparum malaria was identified in 54 travellers. The mean age was 37 years, 44 were males. All cases were imported from non-EU countries. In the Pfk13 gene two mutations (R561R and F673L) were detected. Six P. falciparum isolates carried two copies of Pfpm2 gene, and one three copies, representing ≈16% of the analysed isolates. CONCLUSIONS None of the SNPs known to be associated with ART resistance were detected in the examined parasites. Our results provide evidence that Pfpm2 duplications (associated with piperaquine resistance) occur in Africa, emphasizing the necessity to better decode the genetic background associated with PPQ resistance. Further epidemiological investigations in Pfpm2 amplification along with mutations in the Pfk13 gene will be useful for developing and updating anti-malarial guidance in travellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela L'Episcopia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Corpolongo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mariano
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Abramo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Vulcano
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Paglia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Edvige Perrotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Menegon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Severini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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153
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In Vivo Antimalarial Activity and Toxicity Study of Extracts of Tagetes erecta L. and Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. from the Asteraceae Family. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1270902. [PMID: 34306134 PMCID: PMC8270710 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1270902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the antimalarial effects and toxicity of the extracts of the flowers of Tagetes erecta L. and the leaves of Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. in a mouse model. Methods To determine the in vivo antimalarial activity of the extracts, mice were intraperitoneally injected with the Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain and then administered T. erecta or S. nodiflora extract daily for 4 days. Parasitemia was observed by light microscopy. For the detection of acute toxicity, the mice received a single dose of T. erecta or S. nodiflora extract and were observed for 14 days. Biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function and the histopathology of liver and kidney tissues of the acute toxicity group were then examined. Results T. erecta and S. nodiflora crude extracts at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight significantly suppressed parasitemia in malaria-infected mice by 65.65% and 62.65%, respectively. Mice treated with 400 mg/kg T. erecta and S. nodiflora crude extracts showed 50.82% and 57.67% suppression, and mice treated with 200 mg/kg displayed 26.33% and 38.57% suppression, respectively. Additionally, no symptoms of acute toxicity were observed in the T. erecta- and S. nodiflora-treated groups. Moreover, no significant alterations in the biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function and no histological changes in the liver or kidney tissues were observed. Conclusions This study revealed that both T. erecta and S. nodiflora extracts have antimalarial properties in vivo with less toxic effects. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of the active compounds from both plants.
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154
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Nardella F, Halby L, Dobrescu I, Viluma J, Bon C, Claes A, Cadet-Daniel V, Tafit A, Roesch C, Hammam E, Erdmann D, Mairet-Khedim M, Peronet R, Mecheri S, Witkowski B, Scherf A, Arimondo PB. Procainamide-SAHA Fused Inhibitors of hHDAC6 Tackle Multidrug-Resistant Malaria Parasites. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10403-10417. [PMID: 34185525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic post-translational modifications are essential for human malaria parasite survival and progression through its life cycle. Here, we present new functionalized suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) derivatives that chemically combine the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor procainamide. A three- or four-step chemical synthesis was designed starting from cheap raw materials. Compared to the single drugs, the combined molecules showed a superior activity in Plasmodium and a potent inhibition against human HDAC6, exerting no cytotoxicity in human cell lines. These new compounds are fully active in multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Cambodian isolates. They target transmission of the parasite by inducing irreversible morphological changes in gametocytes and inhibiting exflagellation. The compounds are slow-acting and have an additive antimalarial effect in combination with fast-acting epidrugs and dihydroartemisinin. The lead compound decreases parasitemia in mice in a severe malaria model. Taken together, this novel fused molecule offers an affordable alternative to current failing antimalarial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Nardella
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ludovic Halby
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Irina Dobrescu
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Johanna Viluma
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Corentin Bon
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.,Ecole Doctorale MTCI ED563, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75270, France
| | - Aurélie Claes
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Véronique Cadet-Daniel
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ambre Tafit
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Camille Roesch
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Elie Hammam
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Diane Erdmann
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.,Ecole Doctorale MTCI ED563, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75270, France
| | - Melissa Mairet-Khedim
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Roger Peronet
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Salah Mecheri
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Benoit Witkowski
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Artur Scherf
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
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155
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Sharma N, Kashif M, Singh V, Fontinha D, Mukherjee B, Kumar D, Singh S, Prudencio M, Singh AP, Rathi B. Novel Antiplasmodial Compounds Leveraged with Multistage Potency against the Parasite Plasmodium falciparum: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations and Pharmacokinetic Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8666-8683. [PMID: 34124905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyethylamine (HEA)-based novel compounds were synthesized and their activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 was assessed, identifying a few hits without any apparent toxicity. Hits 5c and 5d also exhibited activity against resistant field strains, PfRKL-9 and PfC580Y. A single dose, 50 mg/Kg, of hits administered to the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei ANKA exhibited up to 70% reduction in the parasite load. Compound 5d tested in combination with artesunate produced an additional antiparasitic effect with a prolonged survival period. Additionally, compound 5d showed 50% inhibition against hepatic P. berghei infection at 1.56 ± 0.56 μM concentration. This compound also considerably delayed the progression of transmission stages, ookinete and oocyst. Furthermore, the toxicity of 5d assessed in mice supported the normal liver and kidney functions. Altogether, HEA analogues (5a-m), particularly 5d, are nontoxic multistage antiplasmodial agents with therapeutic and transmission-blocking efficacy, along with favorable preliminary pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vigyasa Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Budhaditya Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Miguel Prudencio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Agam P Singh
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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156
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Rovira-Vallbona E, Van Hong N, Kattenberg JH, Huan RM, Hien NTT, Ngoc NTH, Guetens P, Hieu NL, Mai TT, Duong NTT, Duong TT, Phuc BQ, Xa NX, Erhart A, Rosanas-Urgell A. Efficacy of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine and artesunate monotherapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Central Vietnam. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:2272-2281. [PMID: 32437557 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have significantly contributed to reduce Plasmodium falciparum malaria burden in Vietnam, but their efficacy is challenged by treatment failure of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine ACT in Southern provinces. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Gia Lai, Central Vietnam, and determine parasite resistance to artemisinin (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02604966). METHODS Sixty patients received either dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (4 mg/kg/day, 3 days; n = 33) or artesunate monotherapy (4 mg/kg/day, 3 days; n = 27) followed by dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (AS + DHA/PPQ). Clinical phenotypes were determined during a 42 day follow-up and analysed together with ex vivo susceptibility to antimalarials and molecular markers of drug resistance. RESULTS Day 3 positivity rate was significantly higher in the AS + DHA/PPQ arm compared with dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (70.4% versus 39.4%, P = 0.016). Parasite clearance time was 95.2 h (AS + DHA/PPQ) versus 71.9 h (dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine, P = 0.063) and parasite clearance half-life was 7.4 h (AS + DHA/PPQ) versus 7.0 h (dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine, P = 0.140). Adequate clinical and parasitological response at Day 42 was 100% in both arms. By RT-qPCR, 36% (19/53) patients remained positive until Day 7. No recurrences were detected. kelch13 artemisinin resistance mutations were found in 87% (39/45) of isolates and 50% (20/40) were KEL1/C580Y. The piperaquine resistance marker plasmepsin-2 was duplicated in 10.4% (5/48). Isolates from Day 3-positive patients (n = 18) had higher ex vivo survival rates to artemisinin compounds (P < 0.048) and prevalence of kelch13 mutations (P = 0.005) than Day 3-negative patients (n = 5). The WHO definition of artemisinin resistance was fulfilled in 60% (24/40) of cases. CONCLUSIONS Although dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine remained effective to treat P. falciparum, the high Day 3 positivity rate and prevalence of KEL1 strains calls for continuous monitoring of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine efficacy in Central Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Van Hong
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Johanna H Kattenberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ro Mah Huan
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Hien
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Pieter Guetens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nguyen Luong Hieu
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Tuyet Mai
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Tran Thanh Duong
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Quang Phuc
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Xa
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Annette Erhart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRCG) at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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157
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Goto Y, Kamihira R, Nakao Y, Nonaka M, Takano R, Xuan X, Kato K. THE EFFICACY OF MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS AGAINST PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. J Parasitol 2021; 107:284-288. [PMID: 33844839 DOI: 10.1645/20-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. In 2017 alone, approximately 219 million people were infected with malaria, and 435,000 people died of this disease. Plasmodium falciparum, which causes falciparum malaria, is becoming resistant to artemisinin (ART) in Southeast Asia; therefore, new antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. Some excellent antimalarial drugs, such as quinine and ART, were originally obtained from plants. Hence, we analyzed the antimalarial effects of marine natural products to find new antimalarial agents. We used a malaria growth inhibition assay to determine the antimalarial ability and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the marine organism-derived compounds. Three compounds (kapakahine A, kapakahine B, and kulolide-1) showed antimalarial effects, and one (kapakahine F) showed selective antimalarial effects on the Dd2 clone. Although the IC50 values obtained for these compounds were greater than that of ART, their potency against P. falciparum is sufficient to warrant further investigation of these compounds as possible drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Goto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Rie Kamihira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nonaka
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Takano
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kato
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
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158
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Designing antimalarials that break into cells to lock down parasites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108103118. [PMID: 34108246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108103118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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159
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Ngo Hanna J, Nziko VDPN, Ntie-Kang F, Mbah JA, Toze FAA. The use of minimal topological differences to inspire the design of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline analogues with antimalarial activity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07032. [PMID: 34095565 PMCID: PMC8165424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was conducted using nineteen previously synthesized, and tested 1-aryl-6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with proven in vitro activities against Plasmodium falciparum. In order to computationally design and screen potent antimalarial agents, these compounds with known biological activity ranging from 0.697 to 35.978 μM were geometry optimized at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory, using the Gaussian 09W software. To calculate the topological differences, the series of the nineteen compounds was superimposed and a hypermolecule obtained with s¯ = 17 and 20 vertices. Other molecular descriptors were considered in order to build a highly predictive QSAR model. These include the minimal topological differences (MTD), LogP, two dimensional polarity surface area (TDPSA), dipole moment (μ), chemical hardness (η), electrophilicity (ω), potential energy (Ep), electrostatic energy (Eele) and number of rotatable bonds (NRB). By using a training set composed of 15 randomly selected compounds from this series, several QSAR equations were derived. The QSAR equations obtained were then used to attempt to predict the IC50 values of 4 remaining compounds in a test (or validation) set. Ten analogues were proposed by a fragment search of a fragment library containing the pharmacophore model of the active compounds contained in the training set. The most active proposed analogue showed a predicted activity within the lower micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelleinsert Ngo Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Botany, Technical University University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - James A Mbah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Flavien A A Toze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
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160
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Rashidi S, Tuteja R, Mansouri R, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Shafiei R, Ghani E, Karimazar M, Nguewa P, Manzano-Román R. The main post-translational modifications and related regulatory pathways in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: An update. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104279. [PMID: 34089893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are important challenges when investigating individual post-translational modifications (PTMs) or protein interaction network and delineating if PTMs or their changes and cross-talks are involved during infection, disease initiation or as a result of disease progression. Proteomics and in silico approaches now offer the possibility to complement each other to further understand the regulatory involvement of these modifications in parasites and infection biology. Accordingly, the current review highlights key expressed or altered proteins and PTMs are invisible switches that turn on and off the function of most of the proteins. PTMs include phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitylation, palmitoylation, myristoylation, prenylation, acetylation, methylation, and epigenetic PTMs in P. falciparum which have been recently identified. But also other low-abundant or overlooked PTMs that might be important for the parasite's survival, infectivity, antigenicity, immunomodulation and pathogenesis. We here emphasize the PTMs as regulatory pathways playing major roles in the biology, pathogenicity, metabolic pathways, survival, host-parasite interactions and the life cycle of P. falciparum. Further validations and functional characterizations of such proteins might confirm the discovery of therapeutic targets and might most likely provide valuable data for the treatment of P. falciparum, the main cause of severe malaria in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rashidi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Renu Tuteja
- Parasite Biology Group, ICGEB, P. O. Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Reza Shafiei
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Ghani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Karimazar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Paul Nguewa
- University of Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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161
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Chaniad P, Mungthin M, Payaka A, Viriyavejakul P, Punsawad C. Antimalarial properties and molecular docking analysis of compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera L. as new antimalarial agent candidates. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:144. [PMID: 34006257 PMCID: PMC8132342 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance has become a significant problem worldwide. There has been a challenge in searching for natural products for the development of novel antimalarial drugs. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera responsible for antimalarial properties and investigate potential interactions of the compounds with Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH), an essential glycolytic enzyme in the parasite’s life cycle. Methods An in vitro study of antimalarial activity against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (K1 strain) and CQ-sensitive P. falciparum (3D7 strain) was performed using the 3H-hypoxanthine uptake inhibition method. The cytotoxic effects of the pure compounds were tested against Vero cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The interactions of the compounds with the PfLDH active site were additionally investigated using a molecular docking method. Results Quercetin (6) exhibited the highest antimalarial activity against the P. falciparum K1 and 3D7 strains, with IC50 values of 28.47 and 50.99 μM, respectively. 2,4,3′,5′-Tetrahydroxybibenzyl (9), 3,5-dimethoxyquercetin (4) and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (14) also possessed antimalarial effects against these two strains of P. falciparum. Most pure compounds were nontoxic against Vero cells at a concentration of 80 μg/ml, except for compound 9, which had a cytotoxic effect with a CC50 value of 16.71 μM. The molecular docking results indicated that 9 exhibited the best binding affinity to the PfLDH enzyme in terms of low binding energy (− 8.91 kcal/mol) and formed strong hydrogen bond interactions with GLY29, GLY32, THR97, GLY99, PHE100, THR101 and ASN140, amino acids as active sites. In addition, 6 also possessed remarkable binding affinity (− 8.53 kcal/mol) to PfLDH by interacting with GLY29, ILE31, ASP53, ILE54, THR97 and THR101. Conclusion Quercetin is a major active compound responsible for the antimalarial activity of D. bulbifera and is an inhibitor of PfLDH. These findings provide more evidence to support the traditional use of D. bulbifera for malaria treatment. Structural models of its interactions at the PfLDH active site are plausibly useful for the future design of antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Chaniad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Apirak Payaka
- School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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162
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Verma K, Lahariya AK, Dubey S, Verma AK, Das A, Schneider KA, Bharti PK. An integrated virtual screening and drug repurposing strategy for the discovery of new antimalarial drugs against Plasmodium falciparum phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1326-1336. [PMID: 33998049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite causing the most severe form of human malaria, is a major threat to malaria control and elimination programs around the globe. With P. falciparum having evolved widespread resistance against a number of previously widely used drugs, currently, artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives are the cornerstones of first-line treatments of uncomplicated malaria. However, growing incidences of ART failure reflect the spread of ART-resistant P. falciparum strains. Despite current efforts to understand the primary cause of ART resistance due to mutations in the Kelch 13 gene (PfK13), the mechanism underlying ART resistance is still not completely unclear and no feasible strategies to counteract the causes and thereby restoring the efficiency of ART have been developed. We use a polypharmacology approach to identify potential drugs that can be used for the novel purpose (target). Of note, we have designed a multimodal stratagem to identify approved drugs with a potential antimalarial activity using computational drug reprofiling. Our investigations suggest that oxetacaine, simvastatin, repaglinide, aclidinium, propafenone, and lovastatin could be repurposed for malaria control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Ayush K Lahariya
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Shivangee Dubey
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Anil K Verma
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Aparup Das
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | | | - Praveen K Bharti
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
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163
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Liu S, Huckaby AC, Brown AC, Moore CC, Burbulis I, McConnell MJ, Güler JL. Single-cell sequencing of the small and AT-skewed genome of malaria parasites. Genome Med 2021; 13:75. [PMID: 33947449 PMCID: PMC8094492 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell genomics is a rapidly advancing field; however, most techniques are designed for mammalian cells. We present a single-cell sequencing pipeline for an intracellular parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, with a small genome of extreme base content. Through optimization of a quasi-linear amplification method, we target the parasite genome over contaminants and generate coverage levels allowing detection of minor genetic variants. This work, as well as efforts that build on these findings, will enable detection of parasite heterogeneity contributing to P. falciparum adaptation. Furthermore, this study provides a framework for optimizing single-cell amplification and variant analysis in challenging genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Adam C Huckaby
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Audrey C Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christopher C Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ian Burbulis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Current address: Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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164
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Li R, Ling D, Tang T, Huang Z, Wang M, Mao F, Zhu J, Jiang L, Li J, Li X. Repurposing of antitumor drug candidate Quisinostat lead to novel spirocyclic antimalarial agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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165
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McCarthy JS, Donini C, Chalon S, Woodford J, Marquart L, Collins KA, Rozenberg FD, Fidock DA, Cherkaoui-Rbati MH, Gobeau N, Möhrle JJ. A Phase 1, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending Dose Study and a Volunteer Infection Study to Characterize the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antimalarial Activity of the Plasmodium Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Inhibitor MMV390048. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:e657-e664. [PMID: 32239164 PMCID: PMC7744986 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MMV390048 is the first Plasmodium phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase inhibitor to reach clinical development as a new antimalarial. We aimed to characterize the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antimalarial activity of a tablet formulation of MMV390048. Methods A 2-part, phase 1 trial was conducted in healthy adults. Part 1 was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study consisting of 3 cohorts (40, 80, 120 mg MMV390048). Part 2 was an open-label volunteer infection study using the Plasmodium falciparum induced blood-stage malaria model consisting of 2 cohorts (40 mg and 80 mg MMV390048). Results Twenty four subjects were enrolled in part 1 (n = 8 per cohort, randomized 3:1 MMV390048:placebo) and 15 subjects were enrolled in part 2 (40 mg [n = 7] and 80 mg [n = 8] cohorts). One subject was withdrawn from part 2 (80 mg cohort) before dosing and was not included in analyses. No serious or severe adverse events were attributed to MMV390048. The rate of parasite clearance was greater in subjects administered 80 mg compared to those administered 40 mg (clearance half-life 5.5 hours [95% confidence interval {CI}, 5.2–6.0 hours] vs 6.4 hours [95% CI, 6.0–6.9 hours]; P = .005). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling estimated a minimum inhibitory concentration of 83 ng/mL and a minimal parasiticidal concentration that would achieve 90% of the maximum effect of 238 ng/mL, and predicted that a single 120-mg dose would achieve an adequate clinical and parasitological response with 92% certainty. Conclusions The safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of MMV390048 support its further development as a partner drug of a single-dose combination therapy for malaria. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02783820 (part 1); NCT02783833 (part 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- James S McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - John Woodford
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise Marquart
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Felix D Rozenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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166
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Palmer MJ, Deng X, Watts S, Krilov G, Gerasyuto A, Kokkonda S, El Mazouni F, White J, White KL, Striepen J, Bath J, Schindler KA, Yeo T, Shackleford DM, Mok S, Deni I, Lawong A, Huang A, Chen G, Wang W, Jayaseelan J, Katneni K, Patil R, Saunders J, Shahi SP, Chittimalla R, Angulo-Barturen I, Jiménez-Díaz MB, Wittlin S, Tumwebaze PK, Rosenthal PJ, Cooper RA, Aguiar ACC, Guido RVC, Pereira DB, Mittal N, Winzeler EA, Tomchick DR, Laleu B, Burrows JN, Rathod PK, Fidock DA, Charman SA, Phillips MA. Potent Antimalarials with Development Potential Identified by Structure-Guided Computational Optimization of a Pyrrole-Based Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Series. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6085-6136. [PMID: 33876936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been clinically validated as a target for the development of new antimalarials. Experience with clinical candidate triazolopyrimidine DSM265 (1) suggested that DHODH inhibitors have great potential for use in prophylaxis, which represents an unmet need in the malaria drug discovery portfolio for endemic countries, particularly in areas of high transmission in Africa. We describe a structure-based computationally driven lead optimization program of a pyrrole-based series of DHODH inhibitors, leading to the discovery of two candidates for potential advancement to preclinical development. These compounds have improved physicochemical properties over prior series frontrunners and they show no time-dependent CYP inhibition, characteristic of earlier compounds. Frontrunners have potent antimalarial activity in vitro against blood and liver schizont stages and show good efficacy in Plasmodium falciparum SCID mouse models. They are equally active against P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax field isolates and are selective for Plasmodium DHODHs versus mammalian enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9135, United States
| | - Shawn Watts
- Schrodinger, Inc., 120 West 45th St, 17th Floor, New York, New York 100036-4041, United States
| | - Goran Krilov
- Schrodinger, Inc., 120 West 45th St, 17th Floor, New York, New York 100036-4041, United States
| | - Aleksey Gerasyuto
- Schrodinger, Inc., 120 West 45th St, 17th Floor, New York, New York 100036-4041, United States
| | - Sreekanth Kokkonda
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Farah El Mazouni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9135, United States
| | - John White
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Karen L White
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Josefine Striepen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jade Bath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Kyra A Schindler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - David M Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sachel Mok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ioanna Deni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Aloysus Lawong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9135, United States
| | - Ann Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9135, United States
| | - Gong Chen
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Wen Wang
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jaya Jayaseelan
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kasiram Katneni
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rahul Patil
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Saunders
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Iñigo Angulo-Barturen
- TAD, Biscay Science and Technology Park, Astondo Bidea, BIC Bizkaia Bd 612, Derio, 48160 Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - María Belén Jiménez-Díaz
- TAD, Biscay Science and Technology Park, Astondo Bidea, BIC Bizkaia Bd 612, Derio, 48160 Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Roland A Cooper
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California 94901, United States
| | | | - Rafael V C Guido
- University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, Sáo Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Dhelio B Pereira
- Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rondonia, Av. Guaporé, 215, Porto Velho, RO 76812-329, Brazil
| | - Nimisha Mittal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Diana R Tomchick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9135, United States
| | - Benoît Laleu
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pradipsinh K Rathod
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Margaret A Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9135, United States
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Bokosi FRB, Beteck RM, Mbaba M, Mtshare TE, Laming D, Hoppe HC, Khanye SD. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives as potential antiplasmodial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127855. [PMID: 33609655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several classes of antimalarial drugs are currently available, although issues of toxicity and the emergence of drug resistant malaria parasites have reduced their overall therapeutic efficiency. Quinoline based antiplasmodial drugs have unequivocally been long-established and continue to inspire the design of new antimalarial agents. Herein, a series of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives were synthesised through sequential steps; Vilsmeier-Haack, reductive amination, and nucleophilic substitution, and obtained in low to excellent yields. The resulting compounds were investigated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the 3D7 chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum, and compounds 40 and 59 emerged as the most promising with IC50 values of 0.23 and 0.93 µM, respectively. The most promising compounds were also evaluated in silico by molecular docking protocols for binding affinity to the {001} fast-growing face of a hemozoin crystal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fostino R B Bokosi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Mziyanda Mbaba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Thanduxolo E Mtshare
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Dustin Laming
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Setshaba D Khanye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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Slater L, Betson M, Ashraf S, Sargison N, Chaudhry U. Current methods for the detection of antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium parasites infecting humans. Acta Trop 2021; 216:105828. [PMID: 33465353 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is the world's deadliest parasitic disease. Great progress has been made in the fight against malaria over the past two decades, but this has recently begun to plateau, in part due to the global development of antimalarial drug resistance. The ability to track drug resistance is necessary to achieve progress in treatment, disease surveillance and epidemiology, which has prompted the development of advanced diagnostic methods. These new methods provide unprecedented access to information that can help to guide public health policies. Development of new technologies increases the potential for high throughput and reduced costs of diagnostic tests; improving the accessibility of tools to investigate the forces driving disease dynamics and, ultimately, clinical outcomes for malaria patients and public health. This literature review provides a summary of the methods currently available for the detection of antimalarial drug resistance from the examination of patients' blood samples. While no single method is perfect for every application, many of the newly developed methods give promise for more reliable and efficient characterisation of Plasmodium resistance in a range of settings. By exploiting the strengths of the tools available, we can develop a deeper understanding of the evolutionary and spatiotemporal dynamics of this disease. This will translate into more effective disease control, better-informed policy, and more timely and successful treatment for malaria patients.
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Arya A, Kojom Foko LP, Chaudhry S, Sharma A, Singh V. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and drug resistance molecular markers: A systematic review of clinical studies from two malaria endemic regions - India and sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 15:43-56. [PMID: 33556786 PMCID: PMC7887327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) are currently used as a first-line malaria therapy in endemic countries worldwide. This systematic review aims at presenting the current scenario of drug resistance molecular markers, either selected or involved in treatment failures (TF) during in vivo ACT efficacy studies from sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) and India. Eight electronic databases were comprehensively used to search relevant articles and finally a total of 28 studies were included in the review, 21 from sSA and seven from India. On analysis, Artemether + lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS + SP) are the main ACT in African and Indian regions with a 28-day efficacy range of 54.3-100% for AL and 63-100% for AS + SP respectively. It was observed that mutations in the Pfcrt (76T), Pfdhfr (51I, 59R, 108N), Pfdhps (437G) and Pfmdr1 (86Y, 184F, 1246Y) genes were involved in TF, which varied with respect to ACTs. Based on studies that have genotyped the Pfk13 gene, the reported TF cases, were mainly linked with mutations in genes associated with resistance to ACT partner drugs; indicating that the protection of the partner drug efficacy is crucial for maintaining the efficacy of ACT. This review reveals that ACT are largely efficacious in India and sSA despite the fact that some clinical efficacy and epidemiological studies have reported some validated mutations (i.e., 476I, 539T and 561H) in circulation in these two regions. Also, the role of PfATPase6 in ART resistance is controversial still, while P. falciparum plasmepsin 2 (Pfpm2) in piperaquine (PPQ) resistance and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) + PPQ failures is well documented in Southeast Asian countries but studied less in sSA. Hence, there is a need for continuous molecular surveillance of Pfk13 mutations for emergence of artemisinin (ART) resistance in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Arya
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shewta Chaudhry
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.
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170
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Tindana P, de Haan F, Amaratunga C, Dhorda M, van der Pluijm RW, Dondorp AM, Cheah PY. Deploying triple artemisinin-based combination therapy (TACT) for malaria treatment in Africa: ethical and practical considerations. Malar J 2021; 20:119. [PMID: 33639946 PMCID: PMC7910789 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa, particularly in children under five years of age. Availability of effective anti-malarial drug treatment is a cornerstone for malaria control and eventual malaria elimination. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is worldwide the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria, but the ACT drugs are starting to fail in Southeast Asia because of drug resistance. Resistance to artemisinins and their partner drugs could spread from Southeast Asia to Africa or emerge locally, jeopardizing the progress made in malaria control with the increasing deployment of ACT in Africa. The development of triple artemisinin-based combination therapy (TACT) could contribute to mitigating the risks of artemisinin and partner drug resistance on the African continent. However, there are pertinent ethical and practical issues that ought to be taken into consideration. In this paper, the most important ethical tensions, some implementation practicalities and preliminary thoughts on addressing them are discussed. The discussion draws upon data from randomized clinical studies using TACT combined with ethical principles, published literature and lessons learned from the introduction of artemisinin-based combinations in African markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Tindana
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Legon, Ghana
| | - Freek de Haan
- Innovation Studies Group, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chanaki Amaratunga
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mehul Dhorda
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rob W van der Pluijm
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Phaik Yeong Cheah
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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171
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Lawong A, Gahalawat S, Okombo J, Striepen J, Yeo T, Mok S, Deni I, Bridgford JL, Niederstrasser H, Zhou A, Posner B, Wittlin S, Gamo FJ, Crespo B, Churchyard A, Baum J, Mittal N, Winzeler E, Laleu B, Palmer MJ, Charman SA, Fidock DA, Ready JM, Phillips MA. Novel Antimalarial Tetrazoles and Amides Active against the Hemoglobin Degradation Pathway in Plasmodium falciparum. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2739-2761. [PMID: 33620219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malaria control programs continue to be threatened by drug resistance. To identify new antimalarials, we conducted a phenotypic screen and identified a novel tetrazole-based series that shows fast-kill kinetics and a relatively low propensity to develop high-level resistance. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were established including identification of a subseries of related amides with antiplasmodial activity. Assaying parasites with resistance to antimalarials led us to test whether the series had a similar mechanism of action to chloroquine (CQ). Treatment of synchronized Plasmodium falciparum parasites with active analogues revealed a pattern of intracellular inhibition of hemozoin (Hz) formation reminiscent of CQ's action. Drug selections yielded only modest resistance that was associated with amplification of the multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1). Thus, we have identified a novel chemical series that targets the historically druggable heme polymerization pathway and that can form the basis of future optimization efforts to develop a new malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysus Lawong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Suraksha Gahalawat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - John Okombo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Josefine Striepen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sachel Mok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ioanna Deni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jessica L Bridgford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Hanspeter Niederstrasser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Anwu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Bruce Posner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Benigno Crespo
- Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alisje Churchyard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ South Kensington, U.K
| | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ South Kensington, U.K
| | - Nimisha Mittal
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Elizabeth Winzeler
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Benoît Laleu
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Margaret A Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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172
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Woolley SD, Fernandez M, Rebelo M, Llewellyn SA, Marquart L, Amante FH, Jennings HE, Webster R, Trenholme K, Chalon S, Moehrle JJ, McCarthy JS, Barber BE. Development and evaluation of a new Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 blood stage malaria cell bank for use in malaria volunteer infection studies. Malar J 2021; 20:93. [PMID: 33593375 PMCID: PMC7885253 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New anti-malarial therapeutics are required to counter the threat of increasing drug resistance. Malaria volunteer infection studies (VIS), particularly the induced blood stage malaria (IBSM) model, play a key role in accelerating anti-malarial drug development. Supply of the reference 3D7-V2 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cell bank (MCB) is limited. This study aimed to develop a new MCB, and compare the safety and infectivity of this MCB with the existing 3D7-V2 MCB, in a VIS. A second bank (3D7-V1) developed in 1995 was also evaluated. Methods The 3D7-V2 MCB was expanded in vitro using a bioreactor to produce a new MCB designated 3D7-MBE-008. This bank and 3D7-V1 were then evaluated using the IBSM model, where healthy participants were intravenously inoculated with blood-stage parasites. Participants were treated with artemether-lumefantrine when parasitaemia or clinical thresholds were reached. Safety, infectivity and parasite growth and clearance were evaluated. Results The in vitro expansion of 3D7-V2 produced 200 vials of the 3D7-MBE-008 MCB, with a parasitaemia of 4.3%. This compares to 0.1% in the existing 3D7-V2 MCB, and < 0.01% in the 3D7-V1 MCB. All four participants (two per MCB) developed detectable P. falciparum infection after inoculation with approximately 2800 parasites. For the 3D7-MBE-008 MCB, the parasite multiplication rate of 48 h (PMR48) using non-linear mixed effects modelling was 34.6 (95% CI 18.5–64.6), similar to the parental 3D7-V2 line; parasitaemia in both participants exceeded 10,000/mL by day 8. Growth of the 3D7-V1 was slower (PMR48 of 11.5 [95% CI 8.5–15.6]), with parasitaemia exceeding 10,000 parasites/mL on days 10 and 8.5. Rapid parasite clearance followed artemether-lumefantrine treatment in all four participants, with clearance half-lives of 4.01 and 4.06 (weighted mean 4.04 [95% CI 3.61–4.57]) hours for 3D7-MBE-008 and 4.11 and 4.52 (weighted mean 4.31 [95% CI 4.16–4.47]) hours for 3D7-V1. A total of 59 adverse events occurred; most were of mild severity with three being severe in the 3D7-MBE-008 study. Conclusion The safety, growth and clearance profiles of the expanded 3D7-MBE-008 MCB closely resemble that of its parent, indicating its suitability for future studies. Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry numbers: P3487 (3D7-V1): ACTRN12619001085167. P3491 (3D7-MBE-008): ACTRN12619001079134
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Woolley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Defence Pathology, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Joint Hospital Group, ICT Building, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, UK.,Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Maria Rebelo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Louise Marquart
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fiona H Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen E Jennings
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Webster
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katharine Trenholme
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephan Chalon
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 Route de Pre-Bois, PO Box 1826, 1215, Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Joerg J Moehrle
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 Route de Pre-Bois, PO Box 1826, 1215, Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - James S McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bridget E Barber
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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173
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Johora FT, Elahi R, Nima MK, Hossain MS, Rashid H, Kibria MG, Mohon AN, Khan WA, Haque R, Alam MS. Persistence of Markers of Chloroquine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:276-282. [PMID: 33146120 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of malaria, in terms of drug resistance, remains a significant global challenge, with Bangladesh, a malaria-endemic country, being no exception. The aim of this study was to explore antimalarial resistance in Bangladesh by molecular analysis of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance transporter 1 (pfmdr1) genetic markers of P. falciparum. Samples were obtained from uncomplicated malaria patients between 2009 and 2014 from six malaria-endemic districts. Based on parasite transmission intensity, the endemic districts were divided into high-transmission (Chittagong Hill Tracts [CHT]) and low-transmission (non-CHT) regions. Falciparum malaria-positive isolates were genotyped for K76T of the pfcrt gene, and N86Y and Y184F of the pfmdr1 gene: in total, 262 P. falciparum clinical isolates were analyzed. In CHT areas, the prevalence of polymorphisms was 70.6% for 76T, 14.4% for 86Y, and 7.8% for 184F. In non-CHT areas, 76T and 86Y mutations were found in 78.0% and 19.5% of the samples, respectively, whereas no 184F mutations were observed. We compared our data with previous similar molecular observations, which shows a significant decrease in pfcrt 76T mutation prevalence. No pfmdr1 amplification was observed in any of the samples suggesting an unaltered susceptibility to amino alcohol drugs such as mefloquine and lumefantrine. This study provides an updated assessment of the current status of pfcrt and pfmdr1 gene mutations in Bangladesh, and suggests there is persistent high prevalence of markers of resistance to aminoquinoline drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuj Johora
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubayet Elahi
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,2Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maisha Khair Nima
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,3Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Mohammad Sharif Hossain
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Humaira Rashid
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Golam Kibria
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Naser Mohon
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,4Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wasif A Khan
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Haque
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- 1Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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174
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Joof F, Goheen MM, Cerami C. Artemisinin Activity in Red Blood Cells from Anemic Children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:271-275. [PMID: 33169662 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin combination therapies are the current frontline therapy for falciparum malaria. Artemisinin is activated by heme iron, and the consequent production of reactive oxygen species and carbon-centered radicals results in rapid parasite clearance. Red blood cells (RBCs) from anemic iron-deficient individuals have decreased levels of heme, and such deficiencies are highly prevalent among children and pregnant women in malaria-endemic countries. We, therefore, investigated the possibility that host anemia could impair artemisinin activity and alter the drug sensitivity of artemisinin-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. We collected RBCs from anemic (n = 35) and nonanemic (n = 11) Gambian children between the ages of 2 and 24 months. Parasites grown in RBCs from both groups were assessed in vitro using the ring-stage survival assay with artemisinin-resistant and artemisinin-sensitive strains of P. falciparum. No differences were found in artemisinin sensitivity (P > 0.05), and there was no correlation between artemisinin activity and host hemoglobin levels. Standard antimalarial drug activity assays for representatives of the major classes of antimalarial drugs found no differences in the IC50 values against P. falciparum between anemic and nonanemic RBCs. We conclude that host anemia does not influence artemisinin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Joof
- 1Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Morgan M Goheen
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carla Cerami
- 1Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
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175
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Boyce MR, Attal-Juncqua A, Lin J, McKay S, Katz R. Global Fund contributions to health security in ten countries, 2014-20: mapping synergies between vertical disease programmes and capacities for preventing, detecting, and responding to public health emergencies. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 9:e181-e188. [PMID: 33482139 PMCID: PMC8448292 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is a robust vertical global health programme. The extent to which vertical programmes financially support health security has not been investigated. We, therefore, endeavoured to quantify the extent to which the budgets of this vertical programme support health security. We believe this is a crucial area of work as the global community works to combine resources for COVID-19 response and future pandemic preparedness. METHODS We examined budgets for work in Kenya, Uganda, Vietnam, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone from January, 2014 to December, 2020. These ten countries were selected because of the robustness of investments and the availability of data. Using the International Health Regulations Joint External Evaluation (JEE) tool as a framework, we mapped budget line items to health security capacities. Two researchers independently reviewed each budget and mapped items to the JEE. Budgets were then jointly reviewed until a consensus was reached regarding if an item supported health security directly, indirectly, or not at all. The budgets for the study countries were inputted into a single Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and line items that mapped to JEE indicators were scaled up to their respective JEE capacity. Descriptive analyses were then done to determine the total amount of money budgeted for activities that support health security, how much was budgeted for each JEE capacity, and how much of the support was direct or indirect. FINDINGS The research team reviewed 37 budgets. Budgets totalled US$6 927 284 966, and $2 562 063 054 (37·0%) of this mapped to JEE capacities. $1 330 942 712 (19·2%) mapped directly to JEE capacities and $1 231 120 342 (17·8%) mapped indirectly to JEE capacities. Laboratory systems, antimicrobial resistance, and the deployment of medical countermeasures and personnel received the most overall budgetary support; laboratory systems, antimicrobial resistance, and workforce development received the greatest amount of direct budgetary support. INTERPRETATION Over one-third of the Global Fund's work also supports health security and the organisation has budgeted more than $2 500 000 000 for activities that support health security in ten countries since 2014. Although these funds were not budgeted specifically for health security purposes, recognising how vertical programmes can synergistically support other global health efforts has important implications for policy related to health systems strengthening. FUNDING Resolve to Save Lives: An Initiative of Vital Strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Boyce
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aurelia Attal-Juncqua
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephanie McKay
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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176
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Chemoprotective antimalarials identified through quantitative high-throughput screening of Plasmodium blood and liver stage parasites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2121. [PMID: 33483532 PMCID: PMC7822874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to most first-line antimalarials creates an imperative to enrich the drug discovery pipeline, preferably with curative compounds that can also act prophylactically. We report a phenotypic quantitative high-throughput screen (qHTS), based on concentration–response curves, which was designed to identify compounds active against Plasmodium liver and asexual blood stage parasites. Our qHTS screened over 450,000 compounds, tested across a range of 5 to 11 concentrations, for activity against Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages. Active compounds were then filtered for unique structures and drug-like properties and subsequently screened in a P. berghei liver stage assay to identify novel dual-active antiplasmodial chemotypes. Hits from thiadiazine and pyrimidine azepine chemotypes were subsequently prioritized for resistance selection studies, yielding distinct mutations in P. falciparum cytochrome b, a validated antimalarial drug target. The thiadiazine chemotype was subjected to an initial medicinal chemistry campaign, yielding a metabolically stable analog with sub-micromolar potency. Our qHTS methodology and resulting dataset provides a large-scale resource to investigate Plasmodium liver and asexual blood stage parasite biology and inform further research to develop novel chemotypes as causal prophylactic antimalarials.
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177
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Gansané A, Moriarty LF, Ménard D, Yerbanga I, Ouedraogo E, Sondo P, Kinda R, Tarama C, Soulama E, Tapsoba M, Kangoye D, Compaore CS, Badolo O, Dao B, Tchwenko S, Tinto H, Valea I. Anti-malarial efficacy and resistance monitoring of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine shows inadequate efficacy in children in Burkina Faso, 2017-2018. Malar J 2021; 20:48. [PMID: 33468147 PMCID: PMC7816451 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization recommends regularly assessing the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), which is a critical tool in the fight against malaria. This study evaluated the efficacy of two artemisinin-based combinations recommended to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso in three sites: Niangoloko, Nanoro, and Gourcy. Methods This was a two-arm randomized control trial of the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Children aged 6–59 months old were monitored for 42 days. The primary outcomes of the study were uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacies to day 28 for AL and 42 for DP. Molecular markers of resistance to artemisinin derivatives and partner drugs were also analysed. Results Of 720 children enrolled, 672 reached study endpoints at day 28, 333 in the AL arm and 339 in the DP arm. PCR-corrected 28-day per protocol efficacy in the AL arm was 74% (64–83%) in Nanoro, 76% (66–83%) in Gourcy, and 92% (84–96%) in Niangoloko. The PCR-corrected 42-day per protocol efficacy in the DP arm was 84% (75–89%) in Gourcy, 89% (81–94%) in Nanoro, and 97% (92–99%) in Niangoloko. No Pfk13 mutation previously associated with artemisinin-resistance was observed. No statistically significant association was found between treatment outcome and presence of the 86Y mutation in the Pfmdr1 gene. There was also no association observed between treatment outcome and Pfpm2 or Pfmdr1 copy number variation. Conclusion The results of this study indicate evidence of inadequate efficacy of AL at day 28 and DP at day 42 in the same two sites. A change of first-line ACT may be warranted in Burkina Faso. Trial Registry Pan African Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: PACTR201708002499311. Date of registration: 8/3/2017 https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Gansané
- Centre National de Recherche Et de Formation Sur Le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Leah F Moriarty
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US President's Malaria Initiative, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Didier Ménard
- Malaria Genetics and Resistance Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Isidore Yerbanga
- IRSS / Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Esperance Ouedraogo
- Centre National de Recherche Et de Formation Sur Le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Paul Sondo
- IRSS / Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Rene Kinda
- Centre National de Recherche Et de Formation Sur Le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Casimir Tarama
- Centre National de Recherche Et de Formation Sur Le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Edwige Soulama
- Centre National de Recherche Et de Formation Sur Le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Madou Tapsoba
- Centre National de Recherche Et de Formation Sur Le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - David Kangoye
- Centre National de Recherche Et de Formation Sur Le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Ousmane Badolo
- JHPIEGO/ Improving Malaria Care, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Blami Dao
- JHPIEGO/ Improving Malaria Care, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Samuel Tchwenko
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US President's Malaria Initiative, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Halidou Tinto
- IRSS / Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valea
- IRSS / Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
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178
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Pedron CN, Silva AF, Torres MDT, Oliveira CSD, Andrade GP, Cerchiaro G, Pinhal MAS, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Oliveira Junior VX. Net charge tuning modulates the antiplasmodial and anticancer properties of peptides derived from scorpion venom. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3296. [PMID: 33442881 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
VmCT1, a linear helical antimicrobial peptide isolated from the venom of the scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus, displays broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Analogs derived from this peptide containing single Arg-substitutions have been shown to increase antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities against Trypanossoma cruzi. Here, we tested these analogs against malaria, an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium protozoa, and assessed their antitumoral properties. Specifically, we tested VmCT1 synthetic variants [Arg]3 -VmCT1-NH2 , [Arg]7 -VmCT1-NH2 , and [Arg]11 -VmCT1-NH2 , against Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites and MCF-7 mammary cancer cells. Our screen identified peptides [Arg]3 -VmCT1-NH2 and [Arg]7 -VmCT1-NH2 as potent antiplasmodial agents (IC50 of 0.57 and 0.51 μmol L-1 , respectively), whereas [Arg]11 -VmCT1-NH2 did not show activity against P. gallinaceum sporozoites. Interestingly, all peptides presented activity against MCF-7 and displayed lower cytotoxicity toward healthy cells. We demonstrate that increasing the net positive charge of VmCT1, through arginine substitutions, modulates the biological properties of this peptide family yielding novel antiplasmodial and antitumoral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Nicolaski Pedron
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210580, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04044020, Brazil
| | - Adriana Farias Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210580, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04044020, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | | | - Gislaine Patricia Andrade
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210580, Brazil
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210580, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Vani Xavier Oliveira Junior
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210580, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04044020, Brazil
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179
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Yu X, Feng G, Zhang Q, Cao J. From Metabolite to Metabolome: Metabolomics Applications in Plasmodium Research. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:626183. [PMID: 33505389 PMCID: PMC7829456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.626183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in research over the past few decades have greatly improved metabolomics-based approaches in studying parasite biology and disease etiology. This improves the investigation of varied metabolic requirements during life stages or when following transmission to their hosts, and fulfills the demand for improved diagnostics and precise therapeutics. Therefore, this review highlights the progress of metabolomics in malaria research, including metabolic mapping of Plasmodium vertebrate life cycle stages to investigate antimalarials mode of actions and underlying complex host-parasite interactions. Also, we discuss current limitations as well as make several practical suggestions for methodological improvements which could drive metabolomics progress for malaria from a comprehensive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaoqian Feng
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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180
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Dousti M, Manzano-Román R, Rashidi S, Barzegar G, Ahmadpour NB, Mohammadi A, Hatam G. A proteomic glimpse into the effect of antimalarial drugs on Plasmodium falciparum proteome towards highlighting possible therapeutic targets. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:ftaa071. [PMID: 33202000 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no effective vaccine against malaria; therefore, chemotherapy is to date the only choice to fight against this infectious disease. However, there is growing evidences of drug-resistance mechanisms in malaria treatments. Therefore, the identification of new drug targets is an urgent need for the clinical management of the disease. Proteomic approaches offer the chance of determining the effects of antimalarial drugs on the proteome of Plasmodium parasites. Accordingly, we reviewed the effects of antimalarial drugs on the Plasmodium falciparum proteome pointing out the relevance of several proteins as possible drug targets in malaria treatment. In addition, some of the P. falciparum stage-specific altered proteins and parasite-host interactions might play important roles in pathogenicity, survival, invasion and metabolic pathways and thus serve as potential sources of drug targets. In this review, we have identified several proteins, including thioredoxin reductase, helicases, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, endoplasmic reticulum-resident calcium-binding protein, choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, apical membrane antigen 1, glutamate dehydrogenase, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, heat shock protein 70x, knob-associated histidine-rich protein and erythrocyte membrane protein 1, as promising antimalarial drugs targets. Overall, proteomic approaches are able to partially facilitate finding possible drug targets. However, the integration of other 'omics' and specific pharmaceutical techniques with proteomics may increase the therapeutic properties of the critical proteins identified in the P. falciparum proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Dousti
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sajad Rashidi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Barzegar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Department of Disease Control, Komijan Treatment and Health Network, Arak University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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181
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Kishoyian G, Njagi ENM, Orinda GO, Kimani FT, Thiongo K, Matoke-Muhia D. Efficacy of artemisinin-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated malaria after more than a decade of its use in Kenya. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e27. [PMID: 33397548 PMCID: PMC8057502 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs remains a major impairment in the treatment and eradication of malaria globally. Following the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), there have been reports of delayed parasite clearance. In Kenya, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the recommended first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. This study sought to assess the efficacy of AL after a decade of use as the preferred method of managing malarial infections in Kenya. We assessed clinical and parasitological responses of children under 5 years between May and November 2015 in Chulaimbo sub-County, Kisumu, Kenya. Patients aged between 6 and 60 months with uncomplicated P. falciparum mono-infection, confirmed through microscopy, were enrolled in the study. The patients were admitted at the facility for 3 days, treated with a standard dose of AL, and then put under observation for the next 28 days for the assessment of clinical and parasitological responses. Of the 90 patients enrolled, 14 were lost to follow-up while 76 were followed through to the end of the study period. Seventy-five patients (98.7%) cleared the parasitaemia within a period of 48 h while one patient (1.3%) cleared on day 3. There was 100% adequate clinical and parasitological response. All the patients cleared the parasites on day 3 and there were no re-infections observed during the stated follow-up period. This study, therefore, concludes that AL is highly efficacious in clearing P. falciparum parasites in children aged ≥6 and ≤60 months. The study, however, underscores the need for continued monitoring of the drug to forestall both gradual ineffectiveness and possible resistance to the drug in all target users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kishoyian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kenya Medical Training College, P.O. Box2268-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Eliud N. M. Njagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O.BOX 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George O. Orinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O.BOX 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis T. Kimani
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kevin Thiongo
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Damaris Matoke-Muhia
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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182
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Adam R, Mukhtar MM, Abubakar UF, Damudi HA, Muhammad A, Ibrahim SS. Polymorphism Analysis of pfmdr1 and pfcrt from Plasmodium falciparum Isolates in Northwestern Nigeria Revealed the Major Markers Associated with Antimalarial Resistance. Diseases 2021; 9:6. [PMID: 33406727 PMCID: PMC7838797 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspicion of failure in the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (currently the first-line treatment of malaria, worldwide) is leading to the unofficial use of alternative antimalarials, including chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, across northern Nigeria. To facilitate evidence-based resistance management, antimalarial resistance mutations were investigated in Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-1 (pfmdr1) and chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt), in isolates from Kano, northwestern Nigeria. Out of the 88 samples genotyped for pfmdr1N86Y mutation using PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism, one sample contained the 86Y mutation (86Yfrequency = 1.14%). The analysis of 610 bp fragments of pfmdr1 from 16 isolates revealed two polymorphic sites and low haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.492), with only 86 Y mutations in one isolate, and 184 F replacements in five isolates (184Ffrequency = 31.25%). The analysis of 267 bp fragments of pfcrt isolates revealed high polymorphism (Hd = 0.719), with six haplotypes and seven non-synonymous polymorphic sites. Eleven isolates (61.11%) were chloroquine-resistant, CQR (C72V73I74E75T76 haplotype), two of which had an additional mutation, D57E. An additional sequence was CQR, but of the C72V73M74E75T76 haplotype, while the rest of the sequences (33.33%) were chloroquine susceptible (C72V73M74N75K76 haplotype). The findings of these well characterized resistance markers should be considered when designing resistance management strategies in the northwestern Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Adam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina PMB 5001, Nigeria;
| | - Muhammad M. Mukhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria; (M.M.M.); (H.A.D.)
| | - Umar F. Abubakar
- Laboratory Department, Public Health and Diagnostic Institute, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kwanar Dawaki, Kano PMB 3220, Nigeria;
| | - Hajara A. Damudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria; (M.M.M.); (H.A.D.)
| | - Abdullahi Muhammad
- Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria;
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LSTM, Pembroke Place L3 5QA, UK
| | - Sulaiman S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria; (M.M.M.); (H.A.D.)
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LSTM, Pembroke Place L3 5QA, UK
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183
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Synthesis and characterization of WO3-doped polyaniline to sense biomarker VOCs of Malaria. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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184
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Peric M, Pešić D, Alihodžić S, Fajdetić A, Herreros E, Gamo FJ, Angulo-Barturen I, Jiménez-Díaz MB, Ferrer-Bazaga S, Martínez MS, Gargallo-Viola D, Mathis A, Kessler A, Banjanac M, Padovan J, Bencetić Mihaljević V, Munic Kos V, Bukvić M, Eraković Haber V, Spaventi R. A novel class of fast-acting antimalarial agents: Substituted 15-membered azalides. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:363-377. [PMID: 33085774 PMCID: PMC9328652 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Efficacy of current antimalarial treatments is declining as a result of increasing antimalarial drug resistance, so new and potent antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. Azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic, was found useful in malaria therapy, but its efficacy in humans is low. Experimental Approach Four compounds belonging to structurally different azalide classes were tested and their activities compared to azithromycin and chloroquine. in vitro evaluation included testing against sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparum, cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, accumulation and retention in human erythrocytes, antibacterial activity, and mode of action studies (delayed death phenotype and haem polymerization). in vivo assessment enabled determination of pharmacokinetic profiles in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys and in vivo efficacy in a humanized mouse model. Key Results Novel fast‐acting azalides were highly active in vitro against P. falciparum strains exhibiting various resistance patterns, including chloroquine‐resistant strains. Excellent antimalarial activity was confirmed in a P. falciparum murine model by strong inhibition of haemozoin‐containing trophozoites and quick clearance of parasites from the blood. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that compounds are metabolically stable and have moderate oral bioavailability, long half‐lives, low clearance, and substantial exposures, with blood cells as the preferred compartment, especially infected erythrocytes. Fast anti‐plasmodial action is achieved by the high accumulation into infected erythrocytes and interference with parasite haem polymerization, a mode of action different from slow‐acting azithromycin. Conclusion and Implications The hybrid derivatives described here represent excellent antimalarial drug candidates with the potential for clinical use in malaria therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Peric
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dijana Pešić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Fidelta Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sulejman Alihodžić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Fidelta Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Fajdetić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Fidelta Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Esperanza Herreros
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain.,Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Javier Gamo
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - Iñigo Angulo-Barturen
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain.,The Art of Discovery, Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - María Belén Jiménez-Díaz
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain.,The Art of Discovery, Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Santiago Ferrer-Bazaga
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - María S Martínez
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - Domingo Gargallo-Viola
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain.,ABAC Therapeutics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Mathis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Albane Kessler
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mihailo Banjanac
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Fidelta Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Padovan
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Fidelta Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirjana Bukvić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Fidelta Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Eraković Haber
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Fidelta Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Radan Spaventi
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Triadelta Partners Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
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185
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Transmission of Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria Parasites to Mosquitoes under Antimalarial Drug Pressure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.00898-20. [PMID: 33139275 PMCID: PMC7927852 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00898-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is threatening to reverse recent gains in reducing global deaths from malaria. While resistance manifests as delayed parasite clearance in patients, the phenotype can only spread geographically via the sexual stages and mosquito transmission. In addition to their asexual killing properties, artemisinin and its derivatives sterilize sexual male gametocytes. Whether resistant parasites overcome this sterilizing effect has not, however, been fully tested. Resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is threatening to reverse recent gains in reducing global deaths from malaria. While resistance manifests as delayed parasite clearance in patients, the phenotype can only spread geographically via the sexual stages and mosquito transmission. In addition to their asexual killing properties, artemisinin and its derivatives sterilize sexual male gametocytes. Whether resistant parasites overcome this sterilizing effect has not, however, been fully tested. Here, we analyzed P. falciparum clinical isolates from the Greater Mekong Subregion, each demonstrating delayed clinical clearance and known resistance-associated polymorphisms in the Kelch13 (PfK13var) gene. As well as demonstrating reduced asexual sensitivity to drug, certain PfK13var isolates demonstrated a marked reduction in sensitivity to artemisinin in an in vitro male gamete formation assay. Importantly, this same reduction in sensitivity was observed when the most resistant isolate was tested directly in mosquito feeds. These results indicate that, under artemisinin drug pressure, while sensitive parasites are blocked, resistant parasites continue transmission. This selective advantage for resistance transmission could favor acquisition of additional host-specificity or polymorphisms affecting partner drug sensitivity in mixed infections. Favored resistance transmission under ACT coverage could have profound implications for the spread of multidrug-resistant malaria beyond Southeast Asia.
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186
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The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In Vitro. J Parasitol Res 2020; 2020:8836771. [PMID: 33294217 PMCID: PMC7691008 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8836771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug resistance in malaria is a global problem, with reports of Plasmodium parasites resistant to the current first-line antimalarial drug, artemisinin, expanding from Southeast Asia to Africa. There is therefore an urgent need to identify new drug candidates that will be effective against the existing malaria parasites. Drug combination therapy presents a myriad of advantages over monotherapy including delayed onset of resistance, potentiation, and synergism. This present study explored the effectiveness of combinations of aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia (A. cordifolia) and Mangifera indica (M. indica) at clearing both laboratory and field isolates of P. falciparum. Methods Synchronized ring stage cultures of field (FA08) and laboratory strains (NF54 and CamWT_C580Y) of P. falciparum were subjected to combinations of different concentrations and ratios of aqueous extracts of A. cordifolia and M. indica. The growth inhibition of the individual plant extracts and their combinatory effects were studied in vitro using SYBR Green I drug assay. Results The A. cordifolia extract exhibited 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.71, 7.80, and 3.56 μg/mL against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 parasite strains, respectively. Mangifera indica exhibited IC50 of 18.11, 20.08, and 10.23 μg/mL against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 parasite strains, respectively. Additive, synergistic and antagonistic interactions were observed at different combinations of A. cordifolia and M. indica extracts. Conclusion A combination product containing A. cordifolia and M. indica has the potential to serve as an effective antimalarial as majority of the tested combinations of aqueous extracts of A. cordifolia and M. indica extracts exhibited synergistic effects in vitro against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 P. falciparum strains.
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187
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Ferreira MU, Nobrega de Sousa T, Rangel GW, Johansen IC, Corder RM, Ladeia-Andrade S, Gil JP. Monitoring Plasmodium vivax resistance to antimalarials: Persisting challenges and future directions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2020; 15:9-24. [PMID: 33360105 PMCID: PMC7770540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging antimalarial drug resistance may undermine current efforts to control and eliminate Plasmodium vivax, the most geographically widespread yet neglected human malaria parasite. Endemic countries are expected to assess regularly the therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs in use in order to adjust their malaria treatment policies, but proper funding and trained human resources are often lacking to execute relatively complex and expensive clinical studies, ideally complemented by ex vivo assays of drug resistance. Here we review the challenges for assessing in vivo P. vivax responses to commonly used antimalarials, especially chloroquine and primaquine, in the presence of confounding factors such as variable drug absorption, metabolism and interaction, and the risk of new infections following successful radical cure. We introduce a simple modeling approach to quantify the relative contribution of relapses and new infections to recurring parasitemias in clinical studies of hypnozoitocides. Finally, we examine recent methodological advances that may render ex vivo assays more practical and widely used to confirm P. vivax drug resistance phenotypes in endemic settings and review current approaches to the development of robust genetic markers for monitoring chloroquine resistance in P. vivax populations. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine may undermine malaria elimination efforts. Plasmodium vivax resistance to schizontocides has been mostly monitored in therapeutic efficacy studies. In vivo studies to determine the anti-relapse efficacy of primaquine are challenging to design and execute. Ex vivo assays to determine Plasmodium vivax resistance to schizontocides remain limited to research settings. Robust molecular markers to monitor Plasmodium vivax drug resistance are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo U Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tais Nobrega de Sousa
- Molecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel W Rangel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Igor C Johansen
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Corder
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Ladeia-Andrade
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Pedro Gil
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
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188
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Prajapati SK, Ayanful-Torgby R, Pava Z, Barbeau MC, Acquah FK, Cudjoe E, Kakaney C, Amponsah JA, Obboh E, Ahmed AE, Abuaku BK, McCarthy JS, Amoah LE, Williamson KC. The transcriptome of circulating sexually committed Plasmodium falciparum ring stage parasites forecasts malaria transmission potential. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6159. [PMID: 33268801 PMCID: PMC7710746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is spread by the transmission of sexual stage parasites, called gametocytes. However, with Plasmodium falciparum, gametocytes can only be detected in peripheral blood when they are mature and transmissible to a mosquito, which complicates control efforts. Here, we identify the set of genes overexpressed in patient blood samples with high levels of gametocyte-committed ring stage parasites. Expression of all 18 genes is regulated by transcription factor AP2-G, which is required for gametocytogenesis. We select three genes, not expressed in mature gametocytes, to develop as biomarkers. All three biomarkers we validate in vitro using 6 different parasite lines and develop an algorithm that predicts gametocyte production in ex vivo samples and volunteer infection studies. The biomarkers are also sensitive enough to monitor gametocyte production in asymptomatic P. falciparum carriers allowing early detection and treatment of infectious reservoirs, as well as the in vivo analysis of factors that modulate sexual conversion. Malaria gametocytes are sexual-stage parasites transmitted from mammalian host’s blood back to their insect vector. Here, Prajapati et al. identify gametocyte-committed ring-stage biomarkers allowing to forecast malaria transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra K Prajapati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ruth Ayanful-Torgby
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Zuleima Pava
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle C Barbeau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Festus K Acquah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Elizabeth Cudjoe
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Courage Kakaney
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jones A Amponsah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Anwar E Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin K Abuaku
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - James S McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Linda E Amoah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kim C Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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189
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Ménard D, Mayor A. Knowing the enemy: genetics to track antimalarial resistance. THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:1361-1362. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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190
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Waide ML, Polidoro R, Powell WL, Denny JE, Kos J, Tieri DA, Watson CT, Schmidt NW. Gut Microbiota Composition Modulates the Magnitude and Quality of Germinal Centers during Plasmodium Infections. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108503. [PMID: 33326773 PMCID: PMC7772993 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition is associated with human and rodent Plasmodium infections, yet the mechanism by which gut microbiota affects the severity of malaria remains unknown. Humoral immunity is critical in mediating the clearance of Plasmodium blood stage infections, prompting the hypothesis that mice with gut microbiota-dependent decreases in parasite burden exhibit better germinal center (GC) responses. In support of this hypothesis, mice with a low parasite burden exhibit increases in GC B cell numbers and parasite-specific antibody titers, as well as better maintenance of GC structures and a more targeted, qualitatively different antibody response. This enhanced humoral immunity affects memory, as mice with a low parasite burden exhibit robust protection against challenge with a heterologous, lethal Plasmodium species. These results demonstrate that gut microbiota composition influences the biology of spleen GCs as well as the titer and repertoire of parasite-specific antibodies, identifying potential approaches to develop optimal treatments for malaria. Research has shown that gut microbiota composition influences malaria severity, but the mechanism has remained unclear. Waide et al. show that microbiota composition drives differences in the humoral immune response, including differences in germinal center cell numbers and parasite-specific antibodies, ultimately affecting the memory response to subsequent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Waide
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rafael Polidoro
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Whitney L Powell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joshua E Denny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Justin Kos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David A Tieri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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191
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Conteh S, Kolasny J, Robbins YL, Pyana P, Büscher P, Musgrove J, Butler B, Lambert L, Gorres JP, Duffy PE. Dynamics and Outcomes of Plasmodium Infections in Grammomys surdaster ( Grammomys dolichurus) Thicket Rats versus Inbred Mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1893-1901. [PMID: 32815499 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations of malaria infection are often conducted by studying rodent Plasmodium species in inbred laboratory mice, but the efficacy of vaccines or adjunctive therapies observed in these models often does not translate to protection in humans. This raises concerns that mouse malaria models do not recapitulate important features of human malaria infections. African woodland thicket rats (Grammomys surdaster) are the natural host for the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei and the suspected natural host for Plasmodium vinckei vinckei. Previously, we reported that thicket rats are highly susceptible to diverse rodent parasite species, including P. berghei, Plasmodium yoelii, and Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi, and are a more stringent model to assess the efficacy of whole-sporozoite vaccines than laboratory mice. Here, we compare the course of infection and virulence with additional rodent Plasmodium species, including various strains of P. berghei, P. yoelii, P. chabaudi, and P. vinckei, in thicket rats versus laboratory mice. We present evidence that rodent malaria parasite growth typically differs between the natural versus nonnatural host; G. surdaster limit infection by multiple rodent malaria strains, delaying and reducing peak parasitemia compared with laboratory mice. The course of malaria infection in thicket rats varied depending on parasite species and strain, resulting in self-cure, chronic parasitemia, or rapidly lethal infection, thus offering a variety of rodent malaria models to study different clinical outcomes in the natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Conteh
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacqueline Kolasny
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yvette L Robbins
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pati Pyana
- Department of Parasitology, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Philippe Büscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Parasite Diagnostics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Javonn Musgrove
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brandi Butler
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lynn Lambert
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John Patrick Gorres
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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192
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Wu X, Thylur RP, Dayanand KK, Punnath K, Norbury CC, Gowda DC. IL-4 Treatment Mitigates Experimental Cerebral Malaria by Reducing Parasitemia, Dampening Inflammation, and Lessening the Cytotoxicity of T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:118-131. [PMID: 33239419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine responses to malaria play important roles in both protective immunity development and pathogenesis. Although the roles of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in immunity and pathogenesis to the blood stage malaria are largely known, the role of IL-4 remains less understood. IL-4 targets many cell types and induces multiple effects, including cell proliferation, gene expression, protection from apoptosis, and immune regulation. Accordingly, IL-4 has been exploited as a therapeutic for several inflammatory diseases. Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum manifests in many organ-specific fatal pathologies, including cerebral malaria (CM), driven by a high parasite load, leading to parasite sequestration in organs and consequent excessive inflammatory responses and endothelial damage. We investigated the therapeutic potential of IL-4 against fatal malaria in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected C57BL/6J mice, an experimental CM model. IL-4 treatment significantly reduced parasitemia, CM pathology, and mortality. The therapeutic effect of IL-4 is mediated through multiple mechanisms, including enhanced parasite clearance mediated by upregulation of phagocytic receptors and increased IgM production, and decreased brain inflammatory responses, including reduced chemokine (CXCL10) production, reduced chemokine receptor (CXCR3) and adhesion molecule (LFA-1) expression by T cells, and downregulation of cytotoxic T cell lytic potential. IL-4 treatment markedly reduced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and brain pathology. STAT6, PI3K-Akt-NF-κB, and Src signaling mediated the cellular and molecular events that contributed to the IL-4-dependent decrease in parasitemia. Overall, our results provide mechanistic insights into how IL-4 treatment mitigates experimental CM and have implications in developing treatment strategies for organ-specific fatal malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Ramesh P Thylur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Kiran K Dayanand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Kishore Punnath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Christopher C Norbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - D Channe Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
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193
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Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum NEDD8 and identification of cullins as its substrates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20220. [PMID: 33214620 PMCID: PMC7677368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of post-translational modifications of Plasmodium falciparum proteins, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, are shown to have key regulatory roles during parasite development. NEDD8 is a ubiquitin-like modifier of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases, which regulates diverse cellular processes. Although neddylation is conserved in eukaryotes, it is yet to be characterized in Plasmodium and related apicomplexan parasites. We characterized P. falciparum NEDD8 (PfNEDD8) and identified cullins as its physiological substrates. PfNEDD8 is a 76 amino acid residue protein without the C-terminal tail, indicating that it can be readily conjugated. The wild type and mutant (Gly75Ala/Gly76Ala) PfNEDD8 were expressed in P. falciparum. Western blot of wild type PfNEDD8-expressing parasites indicated multiple high molecular weight conjugates, which were absent in the parasites expressing the mutant, indicating conjugation of NEDD8 through Gly76. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry of wild type PfNEDD8-expressing parasites identified two putative cullins. Furthermore, we expressed PfNEDD8 in mutant S. cerevisiae strains that lacked endogenous NEDD8 (rub1Δ) or NEDD8 conjugating E2 enzyme (ubc12Δ). The PfNEDD8 immunoprecipitate also contained S. cerevisiae cullin cdc53, further substantiating cullins as physiological substrates of PfNEDD8. Our findings lay ground for investigation of specific roles and drug target potential of neddylation in malaria parasites.
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194
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Wang S, Xu S, Geng J, Si Y, Zhao H, Li X, Yang Q, Zeng W, Xiang Z, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li C, Kyaw MP, Cui L, Yang Z. Molecular Surveillance and in vitro Drug Sensitivity Study of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from the China-Myanmar Border. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1100-1106. [PMID: 32588794 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of resistance in Plasmodium falciparum to the frontline treatment artemisinin-based combination therapies in Southeast Asia require close monitoring of the situation. Here, we collected 36 clinical samples of P. falciparum from the China-Myanmar border in 2014-2016, adapted these parasites to continuous culture, and performed in vitro drug assays on seven antimalarial drugs. Data for 23 parasites collected in 2010 and 2012 from the same area reported in an early study were used to assess longitudinal changes in drug sensitivity. Parasites remained highly resistant to chloroquine (CQ) and pyrimethamine, whereas they were generally sensitive to mefloquine (MFQ), lumefantrine (LMF), naphthoquine (NQ), and pyronaridine (PND). Parasites showed a similar temporal trend in sensitivity to CQ, NQ, and PND, with gradual reduction in the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) after 2012. The IC50s to the aminoalcohol drugs MFQ, LMF, and quinine (QN) all significantly declined in 2014, followed by various degrees of increase in 2016. Pyrimethamine displayed a continuous increase in IC50 over the years. The Dd2-like P. falciparum chloroquine-resistant transporter mutations were fixed or nearly fixed in the parasite population. The P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 F1226Y mutation was detected in 80% parasites in 2016 and associated with reduced sensitivity to LMF and QN (P < 0.05). The N51I in P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and K540E/N and A581G in P. falciparum dihydropteroate synthase that are associated with antifolate resistance were either fixed or were approaching fixation in recent years. This study provides an updated picture and temporal trend of antimalarial drug resistance in the China-Myanmar border region, which will serve as a reference for antimalarial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shiling Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinting Geng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Si
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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195
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Izrael R, Marton L, Nagy GN, Pálinkás HL, Kucsma N, Vértessy BG. Identification of a nuclear localization signal in the Plasmodium falciparum CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase enzyme. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19739. [PMID: 33184408 PMCID: PMC7665022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipid biosynthesis of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum is a key process for its survival and its inhibition is a validated antimalarial therapeutic approach. The second and rate-limiting step of the de novo phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is catalysed by CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PfCCT), which has a key regulatory function within the pathway. Here, we investigate the functional impact of the key structural differences and their respective role in the structurally unique pseudo-heterodimer PfCCT protein in a heterologous cellular context using the thermosensitive CCT-mutant CHO-MT58 cell line. We found that a Plasmodium-specific lysine-rich insertion within the catalytic domain of PfCCT acts as a nuclear localization signal and its deletion decreases the nuclear propensity of the protein in the model cell line. We further showed that the putative membrane-binding domain also affected the nuclear localization of the protein. Moreover, activation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by phospholipase C treatment induces the partial nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of PfCCT. We additionally investigated the cellular function of several PfCCT truncated constructs in a CHO-MT58 based rescue assay. In absence of the endogenous CCT activity we observed that truncated constructs lacking the lysine-rich insertion, or the membrane-binding domain provided similar cell survival ratio as the full length PfCCT protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Izrael
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lívia Marton
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely N Nagy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Hajnalka L Pálinkás
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Hungary.
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196
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Kayiba NK, Yobi DM, Tshibangu-Kabamba E, Tuan VP, Yamaoka Y, Devleesschauwer B, Mvumbi DM, Okitolonda Wemakoy E, De Mol P, Mvumbi GL, Hayette MP, Rosas-Aguirre A, Speybroeck N. Spatial and molecular mapping of Pfkelch13 gene polymorphism in Africa in the era of emerging Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin: a systematic review. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 21:e82-e92. [PMID: 33125913 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The spread of Plasmodium falciparum isolates carrying mutations in the kelch13 (Pfkelch13) gene associated with artemisinin resistance (PfART-R) in southeast Asia threatens malaria control and elimination efforts. Emergence of PfART-R in Africa would result in a major public health problem. In this systematic review, we investigate the frequency and spatial distribution of Pfkelch13 mutants in Africa, including mutants linked to PfART-R in southeast Asia. Seven databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, African Journal Online, African Index Medicus, Bioline, and Web of Science) for relevant articles about polymorphisms of the Pfkelch13 gene in Africa before January, 2019. Following PRISMA guidelines, 53 studies that sequenced the Pfkelch13 gene of 23 100 sample isolates in 41 sub-Saharan African countries were included. The Pfkelch13 sequence was highly polymorphic (292 alleles, including 255 in the Pfkelch13-propeller domain) but with mutations occurring at very low relative frequencies. Non-synonymous mutations were found in only 626 isolates (2·7%) from west, central, and east Africa. According to WHO, nine different mutations linked to PfART-R in southeast Asia (Phe446Ile, Cys469Tyr, Met476Ile, Arg515Lys, Ser522Cys, Pro553Leu, Val568Gly, Pro574Leu, and Ala675Val) were detected, mainly in east Africa. Several other Pfkelch13 mutations, such as those structurally similar to southeast Asia PfART-R mutations, were also identified, but their relevance for drug resistance is still unknown. This systematic review shows that Africa, thought to not have established PfART-R, reported resistance-related mutants in the past 5 years. Surveillance using PfART-R molecular markers can provide valuable decision-making information to sustain the effectiveness of artemisinin in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine K Kayiba
- Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Public Health, University of Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, DR Congo; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo
| | - Doudou M Yobi
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo
| | - Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, DR Congo; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Vo P Tuan
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieudonné M Mvumbi
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo
| | | | - Patrick De Mol
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges L Mvumbi
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Angel Rosas-Aguirre
- Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niko Speybroeck
- Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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197
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Madhav H, Hoda N. An insight into the recent development of the clinical candidates for the treatment of malaria and their target proteins. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112955. [PMID: 33131885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an endemic disease, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions which cost half of million deaths annually. The eradication of malaria is one of the global health priority nevertheless, current therapeutic efforts seem to be insufficient due to the emergence of drug resistance towards most of the available drugs, even first-line treatment ACT, unavailability of the vaccine, and lack of drugs with a new mechanism of action. Intensification of antimalarial research in recent years has resulted into the development of single dose multistage therapeutic agents which has advantage of overcoming the antimalarial drug resistance. The present review explored the current progress in the development of new promising antimalarials against prominent target proteins that have the potential to be a clinical candidate. Here, we also reviewed different aspects of drug resistance and highlighted new drug candidates that are currently in a clinical trial or clinical development, along with a few other molecules with excellent antimalarial activity overs ACTs. The summarized scientific value of previous approaches and structural features of antimalarials related to the activity are highlighted that will be helpful for the development of next-generation antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
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198
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Evaluation of the Combination of Azithromycin and Naphthoquine in Animal Malaria Models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02307-19. [DOI: 10.1128/aac.02307-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy using drugs with different mechanisms of action is the current state of the art in antimalarial treatment. However, except for artemisinin-based combination therapies, only a few other combinations are now available. Increasing concern regarding the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance in
Plasmodium falciparum
has led to a need for the development of new antimalarials. Moreover, the efficacy of current available chemoprophylaxis is compromised by drug resistance and noncompliance due to intolerable adverse effects or complicated dosing regimens.
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Zhang LL, Li JL, Ji MX, Tian D, Wang LY, Chen C, Tian M. Attenuated P. falciparum Parasite Shows Cytokine Variations in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1801. [PMID: 33013831 PMCID: PMC7516016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed humanized mouse has been used to assess the immune response evoked against the isolated attenuated C9 parasite clone (C9-M; carrying a single insertion disrupting the open reading frame (ORF) of PF3D7_1305500) of Plasmodium falciparum. Significant human RBC engraftment was achieved by ameliorating the residual non-adaptive immune response using clodronate-loaded liposome treatment. Controlled reactive professional phagocytic leukocytes in immunodeficient mice allowed for sizeable human blood chimerism and injected huRBCs acted as bona fide host cells for P. falciparum. huRBC-reconstituted immunodeficient mice received infectious challenge with attenuated P. falciparum C9 parasite mutants (C9-M), complemented (C9-C), and wild type (NF54) progenitors to study the role of immune effectors in the clearance of the parasite from mouse circulation. C9-M and NF54 parasites grew and developed in the huRBC-reconstituted humanized NSG mice. Further, the presence of mutant parasites in deep-seated tissues suggests the escape of parasites from the host's immune responses and thus extended the survival of the parasite. Our results suggest an evasion mechanism that may have been employed by the parasite to survive the mouse's residual non-adaptive immune responses. Collectively, our data suggest that huRBCs reconstituted NSG mice infected with attenuated P. falciparum is a valuable tool to explore the role of C9 mutation in the growth and survival of parasite mutants and their response to the host's immune responses. This mouse might help in identifying novel chemotherapeutic targets to develop new anti-malarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Xin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Yan Wang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Waide ML, Schmidt NW. The gut microbiome, immunity, and Plasmodium severity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 58:56-61. [PMID: 33007644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria continues to pose a severe threat to over half of the world's population each year. With no long-term, effective vaccine available and a growing resistance to antimalarials, there is a need for innovative methods of Plasmodium treatment. Recent evidence has pointed to a role of the composition of the gut microbiota in the severity of Plasmodium infection in both animal models and human studies. Further evidence has shown that the gut microbiota influences the adaptive immune response of the host, the arm of the immune system necessary for Plasmodium clearance, sustained Plasmodium immunity, and vaccine efficacy. Together, this illustrates the future potential of gut microbiota modulation as a novel method of preventing severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Waide
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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