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Shorvon SD, Bermejo PE, Gibbs AA, Huberfeld G, Kälviäinen R. Antiepileptic drug treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures: An evaluation of regulatory data and five criteria for drug selection. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 82:91-103. [PMID: 29602083 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) is the most severe form of common epileptic seizure and carries the greatest risk of harm. The aim of this review is to provide an evidence-based guide for the selection of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for patients with GTCSs. Eight AEDs are approved in Europe and the USA for the treatment of both primarily GTCSs (PGTCSs) and secondarily GTCSs (SGTCSs) and are considered in this paper. METHODS Each AED is evaluated using five criteria: (1) efficacy, by seizure type (a: PGTCSs and b: SGTCSs); (2) adverse effects; (3) interactions; (4) adherence and dosing; and (5) mechanism of action (MOA). To ensure the inclusions of robust data, only efficacy data accepted by regulatory authorities were considered, and data related to adverse effects, interactions, adherence, and MOA were all extracted from UK Summaries of Product Characteristics (SPCs). RESULTS (1a) There is class 1 evidence of the efficacy of only four AEDs in controlling PGTCSs (lamotrigine, levetiracetam, perampanel, and topiramate). (1b) There is no class 1 evidence of the efficacy of any AED in SGTCSs although some evidence from pooled/subgroup analyses or meta-analyses supports the use of the four AEDs (levetiracetam, perampanel, topiramate, and with less robust data for lamotrigine). (2) AEDs are associated with different, but to some extent overlapping, common adverse effect profiles but have differing idiosyncratic adverse effects. (3) Pharmacokinetic interactions are seen with most, but not all, AEDs and are most common with carbamazepine and phenytoin. (4) Good adherence is important for seizure control and is influenced by frequency of dosing, among other factors. (5) Mechanism of action is also a consideration in rationalising AED selection when switching or combining AEDs. CONCLUSION Ultimately, the choice of AED depends on all these factors but particularly on efficacy and adverse effects. Different patients will weigh the various factors differently, and the role of the treating physician is to provide accurate information to allow patients to make informed choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Shorvon
- UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Pedro E Bermejo
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | - Gilles Huberfeld
- Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Neurophysiology Department, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 "Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity", Paris Descartes University, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Reetta Kälviäinen
- Epilepsy Center/Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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152
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Rawlings GH, Brown I, Stone B, Reuber M. Written Accounts of Living With Epilepsy or Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Thematic Comparison. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:950-962. [PMID: 29291685 DOI: 10.1177/1049732317748897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the subjective experience of living with epilepsy or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) by thematically comparing individuals' written accounts of their condition. Five key differences emerged. Theme 1: "Seizure onset" revealed differences in how individuals think about and ruminate over the possible causes of their condition. Theme 2: "Emotive tone" demonstrated that writings of those with epilepsy reflected stable emotions (no intense emotional reactions), whereas those of writers with PNES reflected anxiety and low mood. Theme 3: "Seizure symptoms" showed differences in the conceptualization of seizures. Theme 4: "Treatment" explored differences in the diagnostic journey and experiences of health care professionals. Theme 5: "Daily life" revealed that those with epilepsy perceived sequelae and seizures as something that must be fought, whereas those with PNES tended to describe their seizures as a place they enter and something that has destroyed their lives. The findings have implications for treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Brown
- 1 University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Stone
- 1 University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Reuber
- 1 University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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153
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Winter Y, Daneshkhah N, Galland N, Kotulla I, Krüger A, Groppa S. Health-related quality of life in patients with poststroke epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 80:303-306. [PMID: 29429905 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesional epilepsy is an important long-term sequela of stroke. Data on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in patients with poststroke epilepsy are limited. We investigated HrQoL in patients with epilepsy after ischemic stroke and identified independent HrQoL-determinants. METHODS AND PATIENTS All patients with acute ischemic stroke, who were permanent residents in the district Marburg-Biedenkopf (Hessia, Germany, reference population 240,000 inhabitants) were recruited within 12months in the population-based Marburg Stroke Register (MARSTREG). Follow-up visits were performed after 6, 12, and 24months, and patients who developed poststroke epilepsy were identified. Data on demographics, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), stroke severity (National Institute of Heath Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel-Index, modified Rankin Scale), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), and HrQoL (EQ-5D and EQ VAS) were collected. A multiple regression analysis was performed to identify HrQoL-determinants. RESULTS Among the study participants (n=374), 23 (6.1%) developed poststroke epilepsy. The HrQoL of patients with poststroke epilepsy was reduced in comparison with patients without seizures (24-month follow-up: EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EuroQol-VAS): 55.3±10.7 versus 64.2±11.4, p=0.03). Seizure frequency, depression, and functional impairment (Barthel-Index) were identified as independent determinants of HrQoL. The adjustment of AEDs between 6-month and 24-month follow-ups resulted in decrease of seizure frequency by 40% and reduction of complications (dizziness by 27.8%, nausea by 52.2%, fatigue by 84.2%). CONCLUSION Lesional epilepsy is associated with decreased HrQoL in patients with stroke. We identified HrQoL-determinants, which would improve the management of patients with poststroke epilepsy. These determinants include proper adjustment of AEDs with reduction of seizure frequency, treatment of depression, and focused rehabilitation programs for poststroke epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Winter
- Mainz Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | - Isabel Kotulla
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Krüger
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Mainz Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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154
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Illness identity in young adults with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 80:48-55. [PMID: 29414558 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Refractory epilepsy is an intrusive condition with important implications for daily functioning in emerging and young adulthood. The present study examined the degree to which refractory epilepsy is integrated in one's identity, and examined how such a sense of illness identity was related to health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS A total of 121 18- to 40-year-old patients with refractory epilepsy (56.2% women) completed self-report questionnaires assessing the four illness identity states of acceptance, enrichment, engulfment, and rejection (Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ)); HRQOL (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory - 31); and seizure frequency and severity (Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale (LSSS)). Illness identity scores were compared with a sample of 191 patients with a nonneurological chronic disease (congenital heart disease). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictive value of illness identity for HRQOL when simultaneously controlling for demographic and clinical features. RESULTS Patients with refractory epilepsy scored higher on rejection and engulfment and lower on acceptance when compared with patients with congenital heart disease. Further, seizure severity and number of medication side-effects were positively related to engulfment and negatively to acceptance. Finally, when simultaneously controlling for various demographic and clinical variables, illness identity significantly predicted HRQOL (with engulfment being the strongest and most consistent predictor). CONCLUSION The extent to which patients with refractory epilepsy succeed in integrating their illness into their identity may have important implications for HRQOL. Clinicians should be especially attentive for signs that patients feel engulfed by their epilepsy.
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155
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Leenen LAM, Wijnen BFM, Kessels AGH, Chan H, de Kinderen RJA, Evers SMAA, van Heugten CM, Majoie MHJM. Effectiveness of a multicomponent self-management intervention for adults with epilepsy (ZMILE study): A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 80:259-265. [PMID: 29449140 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the ZMILE study was to compare the effectiveness of a multicomponent self-management intervention (MCI) with care as usual (CAU) in adult patients with epilepsy (PWE) over a six-month period. METHODS Participants (PWE & relative) were randomized into intervention or CAU groups. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure disease-specific self-efficacy as the primary outcome measure and general self-efficacy, adherence, seizure severity, emotional functioning, quality of life, proactive coping, and side-effects of antiepileptic drugs (AED) as secondary outcome measures. Instruments used at baseline and during a six-month follow-up period were the following: disease-specific self-efficacy (Epilepsy Self-Efficacy Scale [ESES], General Self-Efficacy Scale [GSES]); adherence (Medication Adherence Scale [MARS] and Medication Event Monitoring System [MEMS]); seizure severity (National Hospital Seizure Severity Scale [NHS3]); emotional well-being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]); quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy [QOLIE-31P]); proactive coping (Utrecht Proactive Coping Competence [UPCC]); and side-effects of antiepileptic drugs [SIDAED]. Multilevel analyses were performed, and baseline differences were corrected by inclusion of covariates in the analyses. RESULTS In total, 102 PWE were included in the study, 52 of whom were in the intervention group. On the SIDAED and on three of the quality of life subscales QOLIE-31P, a significant difference was found (p<0.05) in the intervention group. Self-efficacy, however, showed no significant differences between the MCI and the CAU groups. None of the other outcome measures showed any significant difference between the two groups. SIGNIFICANCE Although we found no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome measure, disease-specific self-efficacy, this MCI could prove promising, since we found improvement in some domains of quality of life in epilepsy scale and a decrease in AED side-effects in the MCI group compared with the CAU group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes A M Leenen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Research & Development, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben F M Wijnen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Research & Development, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands.
| | - Alfons G H Kessels
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - HoiYau Chan
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Reina J A de Kinderen
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Silvia M A A Evers
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline M van Heugten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences: Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marian H J M Majoie
- Department of Research & Development, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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156
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Examining health service utilization, hospital treatment cost, and mortality of individuals with epilepsy and status epilepticus in New South Wales, Australia 2012-2016. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 79:9-16. [PMID: 29223007 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the health service utilization and hospital treatment cost of individuals with epilepsy by age group, mortality within 30days, and surgical outcomes for individuals with refractory epilepsy in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A retrospective examination of linked hospitalization and mortality data for individuals hospitalized with a diagnosis of epilepsy during 2012-2016. Hospitalized incidence rates per 1000 population were calculated, and negative binomial regression was used to examine temporal trends. Mortality within 30days of hospitalization was identified, along with cause of death. There were 44,722 hospitalizations during the five-year period, with a hospitalization rate of 85.6 per 1000 population (95% confidence interval (CI): 84.7-86.4). Total hospital treatment costs were AUD$402.9 million. Children aged ≤17years accounted for 32.0% of hospitalizations. Just over half to two-thirds of hospitalizations for each age group were for a principal diagnosis of epilepsy, with 2976 hospitalizations of individuals for status epilepticus. The overall mean hospital length of stay (LOS) for epilepsy hospitalizations was 5.1days (standard deviation (SD)=9.0). Thirty-day mortality was highest for individuals aged ≥65years (6.7%), and epilepsy was identified as the underlying cause of death for 18.2% of deaths. This research has provided insight into the healthcare utilization profiles of individuals with epilepsy at different ages. Epilepsy hospitalizations constitute a substantial cost to the healthcare system, and better overall management of seizures and comorbid conditions is likely to lead to a reduction in the need for hospitalization.
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157
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Robson C, Myers L, Pretorius C, Lian OS, Reuber M. Health related quality of life of people with non-epileptic seizures: The role of socio-demographic characteristics and stigma. Seizure 2018; 55:93-99. [PMID: 29414141 PMCID: PMC5884310 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE People with non-epileptic seizures (NES) consistently report poorer Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) than people with epilepsy. Yet, unlike in epilepsy, knowledge of how social factors influence the HRQoL of adults with NES is limited. To add to the evidence base, this study explores the relationship between HRQoL and perceived stigma among adults with NES, and the role of socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS Data was gathered from a survey of 115 people living with the condition, recruited from online support groups. Participants provided socio-demographic and health-related data and completed a series of questions investigating their HRQoL (QOLIE-31) and stigma perceptions (10-item Epilepsy Stigma Scale). RESULTS Participants were found to experience high levels of perceived stigma (median 5.2, mean 4.9). A significant and moderate inverse correlation was observed between HRQoL and stigma (rs - 0.474, p = < 0.001); suggesting higher perceptions of stigma contribute to poorer HRQoL among adults with NES. Stigma perceptions were found to be most strongly associated with the seizure worry (rs = - 0.479), emotional wellbeing (rs = - 0.421), and social functioning (rs = 0.407) HRQoL domains. Participants who reported being in employment or education were found to have significantly better HRQoL than those who were not (p = < 0.001). CONCLUSION More (qualitative and quantitative) research is justified to understand how - and why - those with the condition experience stigmatisation, and the factors that impede and help facilitate the participation of people with NES in education and employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Robson
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lorna Myers
- The Northeast Regional Epilepsy Group, 820 Second Avenue, Suite 6C, New York, NY 10017, United States.
| | - Chrisma Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| | - Olaug S Lian
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Markus Reuber
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom.
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158
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Donos C, Maliia MD, Dümpelmann M, Schulze-Bonhage A. Seizure onset predicts its type. Epilepsia 2018; 59:650-660. [PMID: 29322500 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is characterized by transient alterations in brain synchronization resulting in seizures with a wide spectrum of manifestations. Seizure severity and risks for patients depend on the evolution and spread of the hypersynchronous discharges. With standard visual inspection and pattern classification, this evolution could not be predicted early on. It is still unclear to what degree the seizure onset zone determines seizure severity. Such information would improve our understanding of ictal epileptic activity and the existing electroencephalogram (EEG)-based warning and intervention systems, providing specific reactions to upcoming seizure types. We investigate the possibility of predicting the future development of an epileptic seizure during the first seconds of recordings after their electrographic onset. METHODS Based on intracranial EEG recordings of 493 ictal events from 26 patients with focal epilepsy, a set of 25 time and frequency domain features was computed using nonoverlapping 1-second time windows, from the first 3, 5, and 10 seconds of ictal EEG. Three random forest classifiers were trained to predict the future evolution of the seizure, distinguishing between subclinical events, focal onset aware and impaired awareness, and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. RESULTS Results show that early seizure type prediction is possible based on a single EEG channel located in the seizure onset zone with correct prediction rates of 76.2 ± 14.5% for distinguishing subclinical electrographic events from clinically manifest seizures, 75 ± 16.8% for distinguishing focal onset seizures that are or are not bilateral tonic-clonic, and 71.4 ± 17.2% for distinguishing between focal onset seizures with or without impaired awareness. All predictions are above the chance level (P < .01). SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide the basis for developing systems for specific early warning of patients and health care providers, and for targeting EEG-based closed-loop intervention approaches to electrographic patterns with a high inherent risk to become clinically manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Donos
- Epilepsy Center, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Dragos Maliia
- Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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159
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Gmaj B, Majkowski J, Szczypiński J, Jędrzejczak J, Majkowska-Zwolińska B, Wojnar M, Gawłowicz J, Januszko P, Park SP, Nagańska E, Ziemka S, Wołyńczyk-Gmaj D. Validation of the Polish version of the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (P-NDDI-E). JOURNAL OF EPILEPTOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/jepil-2018-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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160
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Alsaadi T, Kassie S, El Hammasi K, Shahrour TM, Shakra M, Turkawi L, Nasreddine W, Raoof M. Potential factors impacting health-related quality of life among patients with epilepsy: Results from the United Arab Emirates. Seizure 2017; 53:13-17. [PMID: 29096164 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to investigate potential factors impacting HRQOL among PWE at a medical facility in the UAE. METHODS Depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life were assessed in 160 adult patients with epilepsy from September 2014 to January 2015 at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC). The World Health Organization Quality of Life abbreviated scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item (PHQ-9) depression scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item (GAD-7) scale were administered. Demographic details including psychosocial factors were also obtained. Clinical details including seizure freedom, epilepsy type, epilepsy duration, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results were recorded. Multivariate analysis was used to look at significant variables associated with HRQOL. RESULTS Depression, anxiety, seizure freedom, and the use of anti-depressants had significant positive correlation with HRQOL in univariate analysis. However, depression, followed by seizure freedom, had the strongest association with HRQOL in a multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSION Depression and seizure freedom, followed by anxiety and anti-depressants use, were significantly correlated with HRQOL. These results underscore the importance of screening for psychiatric comorbidities in patients with epilepsy. IMPLICATIONS Screening for comorbid psychiatric disorders should be an essential component of the standard of care, and incorporated in the treatment plan for all patients with epilepsy. Factors contributing to psychiatric symptoms among PWE, such as maladaptive illness perceptions, non-adherence to anti-epileptic drugs (AED), and social stigma should be carefully addressed to achieve an optimal health-care plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Alsaadi
- American Center for Psychiatry & Neurology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Seada Kassie
- American Center for Psychiatry & Neurology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khadija El Hammasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tarek M Shahrour
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Shakra
- Department of Neurology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lamya Turkawi
- Department of Neurology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Nasreddine
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut-Medical center 7, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Mufeed Raoof
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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161
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Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Bartolomei F, Duncan R, McGonigal A. Evaluating quality of life in epilepsy: The role of screening for adverse drug effects, depression, and anxiety. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 75:18-24. [PMID: 28818810 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of validated screening tools for antiepileptic drug (AED) adverse effects, depression, and anxiety to measure the quality of life (QoL) in people with epilepsy (PWE). METHODS Patients in a tertiary epilepsy service were screened for quality of life (using QOLIE-31), major depressive disorder (MDD) (NDDI-E), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (GAD-7), and AED effects (AEP). Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) generalized anxiety disorder module was also performed. For AEP validation in French, the internal structural validity was analyzed. Dimensional (NDDI-E and GAD-7 scores) and categorical (MDD and GAD) analyses were performed to investigate interactions between QoL and AEP. RESULTS A total of 132 (87 females) subjects were included. The French version of the AEP demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties (Cronbach's α 0.87). Correlations between NDDI-E, GAD-7, AEP, and QOLIE-31 scores were high, and significant for all subscales of QOLIE-31; no effect of seizure-related variables was seen. Some sex differences in QOLIE-31 subscales were found, and mean AEP score was higher in females. Age, sex, NDDI-E, GAD-7, and AEP scores accounted for 61% of variance of QOLIE-31 scores. Differential effects were seen on QOLIE-31 subscales: AEP strongly correlated with all subscales; GAD-7 scores more strongly correlated with "Seizure Worry"; NDDI-E with "Energy-Fatigue"; and both NDDI-E and GAD-7 scores strongly correlated with "Emotional Well-Being". Categorical analysis of groups with MDD alone, GAD alone, MDD+GAD, and neither MDD nor GAD showed significant differences in AEP and QOLIE-31 scores, with MDD+GAD showing the most AED effects and the poorest QoL. SIGNIFICANCE The combination of screening tools for depression (NDDI-E), anxiety (GAD-7), and AED effects (AEP) has a strong power for evaluating QoL in PWE. Coexisting MMD and GAD were associated with the poorest quality of life and the highest AEP scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi
- Service d'explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, Clinique du sommeil, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, CHU Pellegrin, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Roderick Duncan
- Department of Neurology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Aileen McGonigal
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
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162
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Kortland LM, Knake S, von Podewils F, Rosenow F, Strzelczyk A. Socioeconomic Outcome and Quality of Life in Adults after Status Epilepticus: A Multicenter, Longitudinal, Matched Case-Control Analysis from Germany. Front Neurol 2017; 8:507. [PMID: 29018404 PMCID: PMC5622933 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of data concerning socioeconomic outcome and quality of life (QoL) in patients after status epilepticus (SE) in Germany. Patients and methods Adult patients treated between 2011 and 2015 due to SE at the university hospitals in Frankfurt, Greifswald, and Marburg were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding long-term outcome of at least 3 months after discharge. The SE cohort consisted of 25.9% patients with an acute symptomatic, 42% with a remote symptomatic and previous epilepsy, 22.2% with a new-onset remote symptomatic, and 9.9% with other or unknown etiology. A matched case–control analysis was applied for comparison with patients with drug refractory epilepsy and seizure remission, both not previously affected by SE. Results A total of 81 patients (mean age: 58.7 ± 18.0 years; 58% female) participated. A non-refractory course was present in 59.3%, while 27.2% had a refractory SE (RSE) and 13.6% had a superrefractory SE (SRSE). Before admission, a favorable modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–3 was found in 82.7% (67/81), deteriorating to 38.3% (31/81) (p = 0.003) at discharge. The majority returned home [51.9% (42/81)], 32.1% entered a rehabilitation facility, while 12.3% were transferred to a nursing home and 3.7% to another hospital. The overall mRS at follow-up did not change; 61.8% (45/74) reached an mRS of 0–3. In RSE and SRSE, the proportion with a favorable mRS increased from 45.5% at discharge to 70% at follow-up, while QoL was comparable to a non-refractory SE course. Matched epilepsy controls in seizure remission were treated with a lower mean number of anticonvulsants (1.3 ± 0.7) compared to controls with drug refractory epilepsy (1.9 ± 0.8; p < 0.001) or SE (1.9 ± 1.1; p < 0.001). A major depression was found in 32.8% of patients with SE and in 36.8% of drug refractory epilepsy, but only in 20.3% of patients in seizure remission. QoL was reduced in all categories (QOLIE-31) in SE patients in comparison with patients in seizure remission, but was comparable to patients with drug refractory epilepsy. Discussion Patients after SE show substantial impairments in their QoL and daily life activities. However, in the long term, patients with RSE and SRSE had a relatively favorable outcome comparable to that of patients with a non-refractory SE course. This underlines the need for efficient therapeutic options in SE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Knake
- Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix von Podewils
- Epilepsy Center Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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163
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Rawlings GH, Brown I, Reuber M. Deconstructing stigma in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: An exploratory study. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 74:167-172. [PMID: 28734750 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are classified as a mental disorder, the manifestations of which superficially resemble epileptic seizures. There is a notable lack of in-depth qualitative or quantitative studies investigating the stigma attached to PNES. The current study is an exploratory analysis into the nature of perceived stigma in those with PNES when compared with individuals with epilepsy. Individuals with epilepsy (n=78) and PNES (n=47) were recruited from a United Kingdom hospital or membership-led organizations for individuals living with seizures. Participants were asked to complete a series of questionnaires investigating health-related quality-of-life components (NEWQOL-6D), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (NDDI-E), seizure frequency and severity (LSSS-3), and illness perception (B-IPQ). Perceived stigma was measured using one question taken from the NEWQOL-6D. Individuals with PNES reported a greater level of perceived stigma than those with epilepsy (p=0.04). Our results indicate that the risk of experiencing perceived stigma in PNES was 42% higher than the risk in epilepsy. In epilepsy, but not PNES, perceived stigma was significantly associated with seizure frequency, anxiety, depression, and many of the sequelae of the condition. In both conditions, self-control was associated with stigma (rho≥0.34, p≤0.01). This study was exploratory, and so definitive conclusions cannot be made; however, our findings suggest that the majority (87.2%) of individuals with PNES reported experiencing some degree of perceived stigma, the risk of which is greater than that in epilepsy. Further research is needed into the prevalence, nature, and consequences of stigma in PNES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg H Rawlings
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Ian Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Markus Reuber
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Kováts D, Császár N, Haller J, Juhos V, Sallay V, Békés J, Kelemen A, Fabó D, Rásonyi G, Folyovich A, Kurimay T. Factors affecting quality of life in Hungarian adults with epilepsy: A comparison of four psychiatric instruments. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 74:45-58. [PMID: 28686907 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the impact of 19 factors on life quality in Hungarian patients with epilepsy. Wellbeing was evaluated by several inventories to investigate the impact of factors in more detail. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 170 patients. Wellbeing was evaluated with the WHO-5 Well-being Index (WHOQOL-5), Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS), and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 Questionnaire (Qolie-31). We investigated their association with demographic characteristics, general health status, epilepsy, and its treatment. The impact of these factors on illness perception (Illness Perception Questionnaire, IPQ) was also studied. RESULTS The four measures correlated highly significantly. In addition, the predictive power of factors was comparable with the four inventories as evaluated by Multiple Regression. Factors explained 52%, 41%, 63% and 46% in the variance of WHOQOL-5, SwLS, Qolie-31, and IPQ scores, respectively. However, associations with particular factors were instrument-specific. The WHOQOL-5 was associated with factors indicative of general health. SwLS scores were associated with health-related and several demographic factors. Neither showed associations with epilepsy-related factors. All four categories of factors were associated with Qolie-31 and IPQ scores. Factors had an additive impact on IPQ, but not on Qolie-31. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings reveal interactions between the method of life quality assessment and the factors that are identified as influencing life quality. This appears to be the first study that analyses the factors that influence illness perception in epilepsy patients, and suggests that the IPQ may become a valuable tool in epilepsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noémi Császár
- Károli Gáspár University, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Haller
- National University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vera Juhos
- Pediatric and Adult Epilepsy-Neurology Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viola Sallay
- University of Szeged, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Békés
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Kelemen
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Rásonyi
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Neurocenter, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Denmark
| | - András Folyovich
- Szent János Hospital of the Municipality of Budapest, United Hospitals of North Buda, Department of Neurology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kurimay
- Szent János Hospital of the Municipality of Budapest, United Hospitals of North Buda, Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Budapest, Hungary
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165
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Leenen LAM, Wijnen BFM, van Haastregt JCM, de Kinderen RJA, Evers SMAA, Majoie MHJM, van Heugten CM. Process evaluation of a multi-component self-management intervention for adults with epilepsy (ZMILE study). Epilepsy Behav 2017. [PMID: 28623752 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with epilepsy need to monitor and manage their symptoms. They, as well as their relatives, have to deal with the psychological burden, reflected in a reduced quality of life. Support in self-management can be of importance. We have developed a multi-component self-management intervention for patients and their relatives (MCI). This eight-week group intervention is conducted by nurse practitioners and consists of six two-hour sessions. The main components are: 1) providing self-management education, 2) stimulating proactive coping and goal-setting and 3) facilitating peer and social support. This study is a process evaluation to establish the feasibility, fidelity and acceptability of the intervention by assessing performance according to protocol, attendance and adherence, and the opinion of patients, relatives and facilitators about the intervention. METHOD Study population consists of 52 patients with epilepsy living in the community (e.g. at home), 37 relatives and six facilitators. In this prospective mixed methods study, data were gathered using questionnaires for patients and relatives, registration forms for facilitators and by carrying out semi-structured group interviews with patients, relatives and facilitators. RESULTS Patients and relatives attended a mean of 5.2 sessions. Forty-seven (90%) patients and 32 (86.5%) relatives attended at least five sessions. The mean group size was 8.1 (SD=1.3; range 6-10). All elements of the intervention were offered to participants, except for one e-Health tool which was only available at the start of the study. Overall, the sessions were considered useful by patients, their relatives and facilitators. The participation of a relative (social support) and sharing ideas and feelings about having epilepsy with peers (peer support) were rated as important aspects. CONCLUSION This process evaluation revealed that the MCI was largely performed according to protocol, attendance rate was high, and participants and facilitators had, on the whole, a favourable opinion about the MCI, and would recommend it to others with epilepsy and their relatives. Overall, the adherence of patients and relatives was high. The MCI is considered feasible according to patients, relatives and facilitators. Implementation is recommended if the intervention proves to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes A M Leenen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Research & Development, Academic Centre of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Centre of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben F M Wijnen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Research & Development, Academic Centre of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda C M van Haastregt
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Reina J A de Kinderen
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Silvia M A A Evers
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marian H J M Majoie
- Department of Research & Development, Academic Centre of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Centre of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe Maastricht UMC+, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline M van Heugten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences: Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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166
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Camara-Lemarroy CR, Hoyos M, Ibarra-Yruegas BE, Díaz-Torres MA, De León R. Affective symptoms and determinants of health-related quality of life in Mexican people with epilepsy. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1829-1834. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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167
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Tsigebrhan R, Hanlon C, Medhin G, Fekadu A. Help seeking and suicidality among people with epilepsy in a rural low income country setting: cross-sectional survey. Int J Ment Health Syst 2017; 11:44. [PMID: 28725260 PMCID: PMC5513075 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-017-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder associated with a high level of psychiatric comorbidity. Suicidality is a recognised complication of epilepsy. As part of developing an integrated service for people with epilepsy (PWE) and priority psychiatric disorders within primary care, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural district in Ethiopia to investigate patterns of help-seeking, suicidality and the association with duration of untreated epilepsy (DUE) among PWE. METHODS Cases were identified through community key informants and diagnosis was confirmed by trained primary care clinicians. Severity of epilepsy, depression and suicidality were assessed using standardised methods. Multivariable regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis that suicidality was associated with DUE. RESULTS The majority of PWE sought help from both religious and biomedical healing centres. The lifetime treatment gap for biomedical care was 26.9%, with a 12 month treatment gap of 56.7%. Close to one-third (29.9%) of participants reported using traditional and cultural healing practices. Nearly one-third (30.2%) of participants reported suicidality (suicidal ideation, plan or attempt) in the previous 1 year. The median (IQR) DUE was 24 months (4-72). There was no association between DUE and suicidality. In the multivariable model, being married [odds ratio (OR) 2.81, 95% CI 1.22, 6.46], increased depressive symptoms (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10, 1.26) and perceived poorer wealth relative to others (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.07, 6.68) were associated independently with suicidality. CONCLUSION In this study, PWE sought help from both biomedical and religious healing centres. Suicidality and depression have a high prevalence in PWE in this setting. Integrated mental and neurological health care within primary care is needed for improved holistic management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Tsigebrhan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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168
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Michaelis R, Niedermann C, Berger B. How Can We Enhance the Sense of Self-Efficacy in Epilepsy Individual Responses from 2 Qualitative Case Reports. Complement Med Res 2017; 24:215-224. [DOI: 10.1159/000468986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is a serious, common and chronic neurological condition characterized by an increased disposition to suffer occasional seizures. Psychological interventions may enhance the well-being of individuals with epilepsy. So far, no qualitative study has investigated the complex effects of psychotherapeutic interventions in epilepsy. Methods: This study examined the questions as to if and how the participation in a patient-centered 6-month resource-oriented mindfulness-based intervention would enhance an individual's well-being and sense of self-efficacy. Pre- and post-intervention semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 9 participants. Qualitative data analysis (Mayring) in an inter-professional group was combined with the evaluation of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31. The case reports follow the CAse REport Guidelines for Anthroposophic Art Therapies (CARE-AAT). To show the diverse nature of individual intervention objectives, we chose the single case study format, contrasting 2 participants with diagnosed focal epilepsy. Results: Pre-intervention deductive and inductive outcome categories revealed high levels of stress regarding personal seizure experience and loss of autonomy, for both participants. Post-intervention interviews consist of increased seizure-related self-efficacy and self-awareness: while minimizing the debilitating impact of the seizures on her life was relevant to Iris, Carl developed a personalized aura interruption technique. Conclusions: These qualitative case analyses suggest that enhanced psychological well-being and even positive medical results may be achieved when epilepsy care focuses on the wishes that are most meaningful to the individual. The possibility of improving the quantitative evaluation of the effects of psychotherapeutic interventions needs to be explored.
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169
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Myers L, Lancman M, Laban-Grant O, Lancman M, Jones J. Socialization characteristics in persons with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 72:99-107. [PMID: 28575775 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this report was to describe social behaviors and preferences in adults with epilepsy, including self-reported use of various socialization media (face-to-face and indirect communication) as well as perceived social barriers. METHODS 1320 consecutive persons with epilepsy (PWEs) confirmed through inpatient video-EEG monitoring were administered a questionnaire on the day of their first appointment. The questionnaire was designed to assess preferences in socialization practices, frequency of interpersonal contact, use of social media, and perceived barriers to socialization. The survey was developed to gain a better understanding of the socialization behaviors and preferences of our patients for the future development of customized activities in our wellness program. RESULTS Our sample revealed higher rates of unemployment and single status as compared to the US Census of 2012. With regard socialization however, many were quite social (86% reported daily/weekly communication with friends and family via telephone, 71% saw relatives in person weekly, 68% saw friends weekly, and 65% reported using the computer daily/weekly to socialize). Facebook® was the preferred on-line social media. Indoor/solitary activities were most common with 63% stating they watch TV/read/use the computer followed by physical exercise and spending time outdoors (36%). The frequency of socialization with friends, relatives, and coworkers decreased with the respondents' age and the longer the respondent had carried the diagnosis of epilepsy. Respondents who were taking a greater number of AEDs or were considered refractory were less likely to consider participating in socialization-enhancing activities. The primary barriers to socialization that respondents endorsed were driving prohibition and medication side-effects. Respondents expressed the greatest interest in online support groups or educational programs (31%), office-based support groups (25%), and volunteering (19%). CONCLUSION Although the respondents indicate that they do face barriers to socialization, a majority report frequent communication with relatives and friends via phone, in-person and social media. When designing wellness interventions with this group of patients in the future, online, as well as face to face options for support appear to be desired by a number of PWEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Myers
- Northeast Regional Epilepsy Group, United States.
| | | | | | | | - Jace Jones
- Northeast Regional Epilepsy Group, United States
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170
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Rawlings GH, Brown I, Stone B, Reuber M. Written accounts of living with epilepsy: A thematic analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 72:63-70. [PMID: 28575769 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the subjective experience of living with epilepsy by thematically analyzing participants' written accounts of their condition. Writing is seen as an individual act allowing for private exploration, reflection and expression of thoughts and feelings. Participants (n=20) were recruited from a United Kingdom hospital and from membership-led organizations for individuals living with seizures. Participants were asked to produce four pieces of writing: 1) about their thoughts and feelings about their condition; 2) a letter to their condition; 3) a letter to their younger self; and 4) about a personal value. All writings were analyzed thematically using a theory- and data-driven approach. Five main-themes and 22 sub-themes emerged from the data. Theme 1: 'seizure onset' demonstrated that the development of seizures and subsequent diagnosis was an important event that could change an individuals' identity. Theme 2: 'seizure symptoms' revealed participants externalized their seizures as an intrusive agent with a constant presence in their lives. Theme 3: 'treatment and outcome' reflected medication as an essential means to controlling seizures with subsequent side effects being perceived as a compromise. Theme 4: 'living with epilepsy' explored the consequences of the condition including restrictions and stigma. Theme 5: 'displays of coping' demonstrated that, for the most part, participants were keen to present themselves as living well with epilepsy. The results add to the growing research applying qualitative methodologies to investigate the phenomenology of epilepsy. Qualitative research can improve our understanding and awareness of the condition, as well as inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | | | - Markus Reuber
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, UK.
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Characteristics associated with quality of life among people with drug-resistant epilepsy. J Neurol 2017; 264:1174-1184. [PMID: 28550480 PMCID: PMC5486549 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Quality of Life (QoL) is the preferred outcome in non-pharmacological trials, but there is little UK population evidence of QoL in epilepsy. In advance of evaluating an epilepsy self-management course we aimed to describe, among UK participants, what clinical and psycho-social characteristics are associated with QoL. We recruited 404 adults attending specialist clinics, with at least two seizures in the prior year and measured their self-reported seizure frequency, co-morbidity, psychological distress, social characteristics, including self-mastery and stigma, and epilepsy-specific QoL (QOLIE-31-P). Mean age was 42 years, 54% were female, and 75% white. Median time since diagnosis was 18 years, and 69% experienced ≥10 seizures in the prior year. Nearly half (46%) reported additional medical or psychiatric conditions, 54% reported current anxiety and 28% reported current depression symptoms at borderline or case level, with 63% reporting felt stigma. While a maximum QOLIE-31-P score is 100, participants’ mean score was 66, with a wide range (25–99). In order of large to small magnitude: depression, low self-mastery, anxiety, felt stigma, a history of medical and psychiatric comorbidity, low self-reported medication adherence, and greater seizure frequency were associated with low QOLIE-31-P scores. Despite specialist care, UK people with epilepsy and persistent seizures experience low QoL. If QoL is the main outcome in epilepsy trials, developing and evaluating ways to reduce psychological and social disadvantage are likely to be of primary importance. Educational courses may not change QoL, but be one component supporting self-management for people with long-term conditions, like epilepsy.
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172
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Brandt C, Borghs S, Elmoufti S, Mueller K, Townsend R, de la Loge C. Health-related quality of life in double-blind Phase III studies of brivaracetam as adjunctive therapy of focal seizures: A pooled, post-hoc analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 69:80-85. [PMID: 28236727 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of adjunctive brivaracetam on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed in a post-hoc analysis using pooled data from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III studies in patients with refractory focal seizures (NCT00490035, NCT00464269, and NCT01261325). METHODS The Patient-Weighted Quality of Life in Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLIE-31-P) was completed at randomization, and weeks 4, 8 (in two of three studies), and 12 (end of the treatment period). Mean change from baseline to week 12 or early discontinuation, and percentage of patients with clinically meaningful improvement were reported for the placebo and brivaracetam 50, 100, and 200mg/day groups. RESULTS At baseline, mean QOLIE-31-P scores were similar between treatment groups. At week 12 or early discontinuation, mean (standard deviation) changes from baseline in QOLIE-31-P total score were 2.8 (12.7), 3.0 (14.0), 2.4 (14.0), and 3.0 (12.1) points for the placebo and brivaracetam 50, 100, and 200mg/day groups, respectively, indicating HRQoL improved slightly over time during the treatment period, but was similar for placebo and brivaracetam groups. All subscale score changes were positive, indicating stable or improved HRQoL over time. The brivaracetam 100 and 200mg/day groups showed the largest differences compared with placebo in Seizure Worry subscale scores (7.3 and 8.8 vs. 5.0 points). Approximately 40% of patients had improvements in QOLIE-31-P scores beyond the Minimal Important Change (MIC) thresholds. The subgroup of ≥50% focal seizure frequency responders had higher improvements for all treatment arms and all subscales than for those in the overall pooled population. CONCLUSION In this post-hoc analysis, adjunctive brivaracetam treatment was shown to be associated with stable or improving overall HRQoL over time, similar to placebo, with modest improvements in subscales sensitive to efficacy, and no deterioration in subscales sensitive to tolerability. These results reflect the known efficacy and tolerability profile of brivaracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brandt
- Department of General Epileptology, Bethel Epilepsy Centre, Mara Hospital, Maraweg 21, D-33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Simon Borghs
- UCB Pharma, 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK.
| | - Sami Elmoufti
- UCB Pharma, 8010 Arco Corporate Drive, Raleigh, NC 27617, USA.
| | - Knut Mueller
- UCB Pharma, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 10, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Townsend
- UCB Pharma, 1950 Lake Park Drive South East, Smyrna, GA 30080, USA.
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Mulhern B, Pink J, Rowen D, Borghs S, Butt T, Hughes D, Marson A, Brazier J. Comparing Generic and Condition-Specific Preference-Based Measures in Epilepsy: EQ-5D-3L and NEWQOL-6D. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2017; 20:687-693. [PMID: 28408012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.03.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is debate about the psychometric characteristics of the three-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) for use in epilepsy. In response to the concerns, an epilepsy-specific preference-based measure (NEWQOL-6D) was developed. The psychometric characteristics of the NEWQOL-6D, however, have not been assessed. OBJECTIVES To investigate the validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and the Quality of Life in Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy Instrument-six dimensions (NEWQOL-6D) for use in the assessment of treatments for newly diagnosed focal epilepsy. METHODS The analysis used data from the Standard And New Antiepileptic Drugs trial including patients with focal epilepsy. We assessed convergent validity using correlations, and known-group validity across different epilepsy and general health severity indicators using analysis of variance and effect sizes. The responsiveness of the measures to change over time was assessed using standardized response means. We also assessed agreement between the measures. RESULTS There was some level of convergence and agreement between the measures in terms of utility score but divergence in the concepts measured by the descriptive systems. Both instruments displayed known-group validity, with significant differences between severity groups, and generally slightly larger effect sizes for the NEWQOL-6D across the epilepsy-specific indicators. Evidence for responsiveness was less clear, with small to moderate standardized response means demonstrating different levels of change across different indicators. CONCLUSIONS There was an overall tendency for the NEWQOL-6D to better reflect differences across groups, but this does not translate into large absolute utility differences. Both the EQ-5D-3L and the NEWQOL-6D show some evidence of validity for providing utility values for economic evaluations in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
| | - Joshua Pink
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK
| | - Donna Rowen
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | | | | | - Dyfrig Hughes
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd UK
| | - Antony Marson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside UK
| | - John Brazier
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
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174
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Gupta S, Ryvlin P, Faught E, Tsong W, Kwan P. Understanding the burden of focal epilepsy as a function of seizure frequency in the United States, Europe, and Brazil. Epilepsia Open 2017; 2:199-213. [PMID: 29588949 PMCID: PMC5719850 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the current burden of focal epilepsy (FE) as a function of seizure frequency. Methods Patients were identified from the United States (2011, 2012, and 2013), five European countries (EU; France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom) (2011 and 2013), and Brazil (2011 and 2012) National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS), a nationally representative, Internet‐based survey of adults (18+ years). The NHWS collected data on respondents’ quality of life (QoL), health utilities, productivity loss, and healthcare resource utilization. Indirect and direct costs were calculated from the literature. Altogether, 345 of 176,093 (U.S.A.), 73 of 30,000 (United Kingdom), 53 of 30,001 (Germany), 53 of 30,000 (France), 41 of 12,011 (Spain), 37 of 17,500 (Italy), and 71 of 24,000 (Brazil) respondents self‐reported a diagnosis of FE. Results Many respondents (U.S.A.: 56.2%; 5EU: 41.6%; Brazil + 5EU: 40.5%) reported persistent seizures (≥1 per year). Over 60% to just over 71% of respondents with FE were treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In the United States, seizure frequency was associated with hospitalizations, indirect costs (ages 18–60), and total direct costs. For the 5EU and Brazil + 5EU, seizure frequency was associated with physical QoL, health utilities, activity impairment, and emergency room (ER) visits. Additional associations were observed for the 5EU on hospitalizations, indirect costs (ages 18–60), ER visit costs, and total direct costs and for Brazil + 5EU on absenteeism, overall work impairment, and provider visits. Costing was not performed for Brazil + 5EU. Significance Around half of the patients had persistent seizures despite most taking an AED in this 2011–2013 dataset. The results support the hypothesis that reducing seizures can improve productivity and reduce resource utilization and associated costs. Regional differences may reflect differences in healthcare systems and selected patient populations. Overall, the results suggest that additional treatment options are needed to improve seizure control and reduce related costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Département des Neurosciences Cliniques Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Edward Faught
- Emory Epilepsy Program Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia U.S.A
| | - Wan Tsong
- Global Value & Access Eisai Inc. Woodcliff Lake New Jersey U.S.A
| | - Patrick Kwan
- The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia
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175
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Pauli C, Schwarzbold ML, Diaz AP, de Oliveira Thais MER, Kondageski C, Linhares MN, Guarnieri R, de Lemos Zingano B, Ben J, Nunes JC, Markowitsch HJ, Wolf P, Wiebe S, Lin K, Walz R. Predictors of meaningful improvement in quality of life after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: A prospective study. Epilepsia 2017; 58:755-763. [PMID: 28332703 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate prospectively the independent predictors of a minimum clinically important change (MCIC) in quality of life (QOL) after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) in Brazilian patients. METHODS Multiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the clinical, demographic, radiologic, and electrophysiologic variables independently associated with MCIC in the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 Inventory (QOLIE-31) overall score 1 year after ATL in 77 consecutive patients with unilateral MTLE-HS. RESULTS The overall QOLIE-31 score and all its subscale scores increased significantly (p < 0.0001) 1 year after ATL. In the final logistic regression model, absence of presurgical diagnosis of depression (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-16.1, p = 0.02) and a complete postoperative seizure control (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.2-14.5, p = 0.03) were independently associated with improvement equal to or greater than the MCIC in QOL after ATL. The overall model accuracy for MCIC improvement in the QOL was 85.6%, with a 95.2% of sensitivity and 46.7% of specificity. SIGNIFICANCE These results in Brazilian patients reinforce the external validation of previous findings in Canadian patients showing that presurgical depression and complete seizure control after surgery are independent predictors for meaningful improvement in QOL after ATL, and have implications for the surgical management of MTLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pauli
- Center for Epilepsy Surgery of Santa Catarina State (CEPESC), Governador Celso Ramos Hospital (HGCR), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Liborio Schwarzbold
- Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Psychiatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Paim Diaz
- Center for Epilepsy Surgery of Santa Catarina State (CEPESC), Governador Celso Ramos Hospital (HGCR), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Psychiatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Charles Kondageski
- Center for Epilepsy Surgery of Santa Catarina State (CEPESC), Governador Celso Ramos Hospital (HGCR), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Neves Linhares
- Center for Epilepsy Surgery of Santa Catarina State (CEPESC), Governador Celso Ramos Hospital (HGCR), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Guarnieri
- Center for Epilepsy Surgery of Santa Catarina State (CEPESC), Governador Celso Ramos Hospital (HGCR), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Psychiatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bianca de Lemos Zingano
- Center for Epilepsy Surgery of Santa Catarina State (CEPESC), Governador Celso Ramos Hospital (HGCR), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ben
- Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jean Costa Nunes
- Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neuropathology, Pathology Division, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Wolf
- Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Samuel Wiebe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katia Lin
- Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Roger Walz
- Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp), University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina State (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, HU, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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176
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Rawlings GH, Brown I, Reuber M. Predictors of health-related quality of life in patients with epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 68:153-158. [PMID: 28189920 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The present study investigated the profile, relationship, and predictive power of illness perceptions, psychological distress (depression and anxiety), seizure activity, and demographic factors on HRQoL in these patient groups. Patients with epilepsy (n=62) and PNES (n=45) were recruited from a United Kingdom hospital and from membership-led organizations for individuals living with seizures. Patients completed a series of self-report questionnaires assessing: anxiety (GAD-7), depression (NDDI-E), illness perceptions (B-IPQ), HRQoL (NEWQOL-6D), and seizure frequency and severity (LSSS-3). Correlational and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. Patients with epilepsy reported higher HRQoL and scored lower on measures of depression and anxiety. Patients with PNES perceived their condition as more threatening overall. In both conditions, HRQoL was negatively correlated with more severe illness perceptions and psychological distress. In epilepsy and PNES, psychological distress (epilepsy: 27%; PNES: 24.8%) and illness perceptions (epilepsy: 23.1%; PNES: 23.3%) accounted for the largest amount of variance in HRQoL. Clinical factors were found not to be significant predictors, while demographic factors predicted HRQoL in epilepsy (12.6%), but not in PNES. Our findings support the notion that psychological factors are a stronger predictor of HRQoL in epilepsy and PNES than condition-related and demographic variables. Prior research suggests that anxiety and depression are key predictors of HRQoL; this study demonstrates that the relationship between illness perceptions and HRQoL is similarly close. These findings highlight the importance of addressing patients' beliefs about their condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | - Markus Reuber
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, UK.
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177
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Colon AJ, Ronner HE, Boon P, Ossenblok P. Evaluation of MEG vs EEG after sleep deprivation in epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:247-251. [PMID: 26957488 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MEG and EEG after sleep deprivation (EEG-SD) are applied as diagnostic tools in the evaluation of patients with possible epilepsy. There is no gold standard to check whether the diagnosis based on these two modalities is correct. The best standard available is the long-term follow-up of patients. As follow-up of an earlier study in which the additional value of MEG vs EEG-SD diagnosis was evaluated, we investigated the long-term validity of MEG-based and EEG-SD-based diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data collected from 46 patients were used in a comparative study of the last known diagnosis against the original one of 8 years ago. RESULTS Long-term (3-8 years) sensitivity of sharp phenomena (combining spikes and sharp waves) in routine MEG and in EEG-SD for the diagnosis epilepsy is 71% and 62%, respectively. When compared to the original study, this hardly changed. Over time, uncertainty on diagnosis diminishes. CONCLUSION MEG as well as EEG-SD are robust long-term predictors for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Colon
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; ACE, location Kempenhaeghe; Heeze The Netherlands
- Department of R&D; ACE; Heeze The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
| | - H. E. Ronner
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; VUmc; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - P. Boon
- Department of R&D; ACE; Heeze The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
| | - P. Ossenblok
- Department of R&D; ACE; Heeze The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Physics; ACE, location Kempenhaeghe; Heeze The Netherlands
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178
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Mukuria C, Young T, Keetharuth A, Borghs S, Brazier J. Sensitivity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L in patients with uncontrolled focal seizures: an analysis of Phase III trials of adjunctive brivaracetam. Qual Life Res 2016; 26:749-759. [PMID: 28004320 PMCID: PMC5309305 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Preference-based measures are required to measure the impact of interventions for cost-effectiveness analysis. This study assessed the psychometric performance of the EQ-5D-3L in adults with uncontrolled focal (partial-onset) seizures. Methods Data from three Phase III studies of an antiepileptic drug (adjunctive brivaracetam; n = 1095) were used. Analysis included correlations between EQ-5D-3L and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31P) and seizure frequency. Known group validity was based on ability of the EQ-5D-3L to discriminate between baseline QOLIE-31P total scores, seizure type and number of antiepileptic drugs using effect sizes (ES). Responsiveness assessed proportions reporting highest or lowest scores, overall change using standardized response means (SRM) and change by responder and clinician/patient evaluation groups using ES. Results Correlations were weak to moderate (ρ = 0.2–0.4) between EQ-5D-3L dimensions and QOLIE-31P subscales, apart from medication effects (ρ < 0.1); seizure frequency was not associated with either measure. Known group analysis had small ES. A quarter (24.9%) of patients had a baseline EQ-5D-3L utility score of 1 (full health) but lower average QOLIE-31P scores. SRMs were small (<0.1) in EQ-5D-3L compared with 0.1–0.4 for QOLIE-31P subscales. Results across the studies were mixed for responder status and clinician/patient evaluation of improvement for EQ-5D-3L. Conclusions EQ-5D-3L had weak-to-moderate correlations with QOLIE-31P and varied with QOLIE-31P severity groups, but showed less responsiveness than QOLIE-31P. Given this lack of sensitivity, EQ-5D-3L may not be appropriate for measuring the impact of interventions in cost-effectiveness analysis in this population and disease-specific preference-based measures may be more appropriate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1483-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mukuria
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Tracey Young
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Anju Keetharuth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | | | - John Brazier
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
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179
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Factors affecting the quality of life in drug-resistant epilepsy patients. Acta Neurol Belg 2016; 116:513-518. [PMID: 26943462 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-016-0622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy patients whose seizures cannot be controlled by treatment have a lower quality of life (QoL). The aim of the present study was to compare the potential factors affecting the QoL in patients who were seizure-free with medication or who had drug-resistant epilepsy. The study included 46 drug-resistant and 42 seizure-free epilepsy patients. The demographic and clinical features of the patients were investigated for their effects on patient QoL. The QoL was assessed by the QoL in Epilepsy Inventory-89 and depression was detected by the Beck Depression Inventory. The QoL was significantly lower in the drug-resistant patients than in the seizure-free epilepsy patients (p < 0.001). Depression, lower education level, and unemployment were associated with lower QoL scores (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for lower education level and unemployment, depression remained as an independent factor affecting QoL (p < 0.05). In addition to their efforts to control and stop seizures, clinicians should remain aware of depression and treat it effectively to improve the QoL of drug-resistant epilepsy patients.
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180
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Saadi A, Patenaude B, Mateen FJ. Quality of life in epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31) scores: A global comparison. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 65:13-17. [PMID: 27838562 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is a pragmatic endpoint for understanding the experience of people with epilepsy (PWE) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where>80% of PWE reside. However, the literature is bereft of QOL in epilepsy (QOLIE) studies among LMICs and knowledge of the variation in QOLIE globally. We therefore performed a Medline search of original research studies using the quality of life in epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31) in a recent fifteen-year period (2000-2015). Each of the 194 countries listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was individually included as search terms. Differences in QOLIE were tested across WHO world regions and World Bank country income group classifications. Sixteen percent of all countries (n=31) reported on 7255 individuals, including only 8 LMICs. The global mean QOLIE-31 score was 59.8 (standard deviation (SD): 8.0), with a range from 42.1 (SD: 4.1) in the Russian Federation to 82 (SD: 32.8) in Canada. There was a statistically significant difference seen in the QOLIE-31 score by world region and income category, with lower country income level associated with worse QOL (test for trend, p<0.0001). There exists substantial global variation in QOLIE, and country income level may play a role. Understanding what contributes to international differences in QOLIE can help reduce disparities in QOL among PWE worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Saadi
- Partners Neurology Residency, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | | | - Farrah J Mateen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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181
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Espinosa Jovel CA, Ramírez Salazar S, Rincón Rodríguez C, Sobrino Mejía FE. Factors associated with quality of life in a low-income population with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2016; 127:168-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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182
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Camara-Lemarroy CR, Escobedo-Zúñiga N, Ortiz-Zacarias D, Peña-Avendaño J, Villarreal-Garza E, Díaz-Torres MA. Prevalence and impact of irritable bowel syndrome in people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 63:29-33. [PMID: 27552483 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epilepsy is known to be associated with affective disorders and sleep alterations, as well as with gastrointestinal conditions such as peptic ulcers and inflammatory bowel disease. There is comparatively little evidence linking epilepsy and gastrointestinal functional disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and impact of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in patients with epilepsy. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional observational study on 65 consecutive people with epilepsy (PWE) and age- and sex-matched controls. Irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia (FD) diagnosis were based on Rome III criteria. Clinical and demographic characteristics were recorded, and instruments evaluating sleep quality, depressive/anxiety symptoms, insomnia, and health-related quality of life were also completed. RESULTS Irritable bowel syndrome prevalence was significantly different between groups (3% in controls and 16% in patients with epilepsy; p=0.04), while no difference was found in FD (2% vs. 6%, respectively). People with epilepsy with IBS had significantly more insomnia and depressive and anxiety symptoms. No demographic or clinical characteristics were significantly different between groups. The presence of IBS did not affect health-related quality of life in PWE. On multivariate analysis, insomnia and depressive and anxiety symptoms did not independently predict IBS diagnosis. CONCLUSION Irritable bowel syndrome was more frequent in PWE compared with that in healthy controls. Irritable bowel syndrome does not appear to affect health-related quality of life but is associated with a greater burden of affective symptoms and insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Camara-Lemarroy
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Nicolás Escobedo-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Daniela Ortiz-Zacarias
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Juan Peña-Avendaño
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Estefanía Villarreal-Garza
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Marco A Díaz-Torres
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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183
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PatientsLikeMe® Online Epilepsy Community: Patient characteristics and predictors of poor health-related quality of life. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 63:20-28. [PMID: 27544877 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The online PatientsLikeMe® Epilepsy Community allows patients with epilepsy to record, monitor, and share their demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics, providing valuable insights into patient perceptions and understanding of epilepsy. The objective of this retrospective analysis was to characterize the profile of users and their disease and identify factors predictive of poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL), while assessing the platform's potential in providing patient-reported data for research purposes. METHODS Data recorded (January 2010-November 2011) by Epilepsy Community members, with an epilepsy diagnosis and who reported >1 seizure, included the following: sociodemographic and disease characteristics, treatments, symptoms, side effects perceived as medication-related, seizure occurrence, and standardized questionnaires (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory [QOLIE-31/P], EuroQoL 5-Dimensions Scale, 3 Levels [EQ-5D-3L], and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to identify predictors of poor HRQoL. RESULTS During the study period, the Epilepsy Community comprised 3073 patients, of whom 71.5% were female, had a mean age of 37.8years, and had a mean epilepsy duration of 17.7years. The most frequently reported moderate/severe symptoms (n=2135) included memory problems (60.2%), problems concentrating (53.8%), and fatigue (50.0%). Medication-related side effects (n=639) included somnolence (23.2%), fatigue (17.2%), and memory impairment (13.8%). The QOLIE-31/P scores (n=1121) were significantly worse in patients who experienced a recent seizure. For QOLIE-31/P, highly predictive factors for poor HRQoL included the following: mild/moderate problems concentrating, depression, memory problems, treatment side effects, occurrence of tonic-clonic seizures, and epilepsy duration ≤1year. For EQ-5D-3L, highly predictive factors for poor HRQoL included the following: pain, depression, and comorbidities. Patients on newer AEDs were less likely to report poor HRQoL (QOLIE-31/P). SIGNIFICANCE These findings move further towards supporting the feasibility and usefulness of collecting real-world, anonymized data recorded by patients online. The data provide insights into factors impacting HRQoL, suggesting that a holistic treatment approach beyond seizure control should be considered in epilepsy.
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Picot MC, Jaussent A, Neveu D, Kahane P, Crespel A, Gelisse P, Hirsch E, Derambure P, Dupont S, Landré E, Chassoux F, Valton L, Vignal JP, Marchal C, Lamy C, Semah F, Biraben A, Arzimanoglou A, Petit J, Thomas P, Macioce V, Dujols P, Ryvlin P. Cost-effectiveness analysis of epilepsy surgery in a controlled cohort of adult patients with intractable partial epilepsy: A 5-year follow-up study. Epilepsia 2016; 57:1669-1679. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Picot
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit; CHU Montpellier; Montpellier France
- INSERM; Clinical Investigation Center 1411; Montpellier France
| | - Audrey Jaussent
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit; CHU Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Dorine Neveu
- INSERM U 1058; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Department of Neurology; GIN; CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
- INSERM U836, UJF; Grenoble Alpes University; Grenoble France
| | | | | | - Edouard Hirsch
- Department of Neurology; CHU Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Philippe Derambure
- Lille University Medical Center; CHU Lille, EA 1046; University of Lille2; Lille France
| | - Sophie Dupont
- Epileptology Unit; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; an UPMC University Paris 06; Paris France
| | - Elizabeth Landré
- Department of Neurosurgery; AP-HP and University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Francine Chassoux
- Department of Neurosurgery; AP-HP and University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Luc Valton
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital, and UMR 5549; CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vignal
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department; University Hospital of Nancy; Nancy France
| | | | - Catherine Lamy
- Department of Neurology; AP-HP and University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Franck Semah
- Lille University Medical Center; CHU Lille, EA 1046; University of Lille2; Lille France
- Department of Neurosurgery; AP-HP and University Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Department of Neurology; AP-HP and University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Arnaud Biraben
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Rennes; Rennes France
| | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Epilepsy; Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology Department (ESEFNP); University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL) and DYCOG Team; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (CRNL); INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR 5292; Lyon France
| | - Jérôme Petit
- La Teppe Epilepsy Center; Tain l'Hermitage France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Nice; Nice France
| | - Valérie Macioce
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit; CHU Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Dujols
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit; CHU Montpellier; Montpellier France
- INSERM U 1058; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology and the Institute of Epilepsies; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Lyon France
- Lyon 1 University; Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Lyon France
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
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185
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Healthcare resource utilization after medium-term residential assessment for epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 62:147-52. [PMID: 27479776 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy and epilepsy mimics may lead to high healthcare resource utilization (HRU) including diagnostic resources. The William Quarrier Scottish Epilepsy Centre (SEC) provides medium-term residential assessment (MTRA; average length of stay: 28days) and treatment for complex presentations of epilepsy and related conditions (principally psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, PNES). We studied the effect of MTRA on HRU in a defined health board area in Scotland. METHODS A retrospective audit of individuals admitted to the SEC from a defined health board area using SEC and health board medical records. Neurological HRU assessed included emergency department visits, hospital admissions, outpatient clinic appointments, and brain imaging prior to and post-MTRA. Healthcare resource utilization was also compared with individuals referred but not admitted to the SEC because of individual circumstances and choice. RESULTS Seventy-three individuals (51 female, average age: 37.51; 22 men, average age: 43.72) were identified from three years of admissions (1st April 2010 to 31st March 2013). Final diagnosis was epilepsy (ES), 32; ES and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (ES+PNES), 17; and PNES alone, 24. Twenty-two individuals were identified as a comparison group (8 men, 14 women; average age: 37.21 and 43.90, respectively). Total average contacts per patient per year (CPY) was significantly different pre- and post-MTRA (4.16 vs. 1.32; t(72)=6.11, p<.0001, d=.72). Comparison of HRU in the first year of baseline and last full year of follow-up showed a post-MTRA reduction in HRU for PNES of 92.28%, for ES of 46.81%, and for ES+PNES of 28.3%. During the course of follow-up, PNES CPY continued to drop (1.13 first year vs. 0.10 at 3years post-MTRA). For individuals with epilepsy (with or without PNES), HRU use dropped significantly in the year after admission, and these gains remained stable (total first vs. third postdischarge CPY, 1.74 vs. 1.29). The participants in the comparison group, who were not admitted, had no comparable drop across the study period and were using significantly more resources at each follow-up point than those in the admitted group (F (1, 48)=44.45, p<.01, ηp(2)=.49). CONCLUSION Medium-term residential assessment is associated with sustained reduction in HRU especially in patients with PNES. Overall HRU reduction was 68.27% following admission (d=.72). This suggests benefit from the MTRA model for people with complex presentations.
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186
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Jetté N, Sander JW, Keezer MR. Surgical treatment for epilepsy: the potential gap between evidence and practice. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:982-994. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kaufman KR. Epilepsy and secondary perceived stigma in a social setting: A night at the theater. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 61:138-140. [PMID: 27344502 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stigma impacts >50% of persons with epilepsy (PWE) and is a key factory in quality of life. Stigma can be both enacted (external factors) and felt (internal factors). In this article, felt/perceived stigma is more broadly defined as a combination of internal factors and perceptions of external factors. Secondary perceived stigma is felt/perceived stigma by a third party. A key, but often underappreciated, consideration in felt/perceived stigma may occur when a seemingly innocuous statement by a speaker is perceived as stigmatizing by the PWE and/or even by an unintended third party. This autobiographic short report addresses secondary perceived stigma in a social setting, the theater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States; Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States.
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Moncrieft AE, Llabre MM, Gallo LC, Cai J, Gonzalez F, Gonzalez P, Ostrovsky NW, Schneiderman N, Penedo FJ. Hostility and quality of life among Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Psychol Health 2016; 31:1342-58. [PMID: 27456582 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1208820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if hostility is associated with physical and mental health-related quality of life (QoL) in US. Hispanics/Latinos after accounting for depression and anxiety. METHODS Analyses included 5313 adults (62% women, 18-75 years) who completed the ancillary sociocultural assessment of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale, Spielberger Trait Anger Scale, Cook-Medley Hostility cynicism subscale and Short Form Health Survey. In a structural regression model, associations of hostility with mental and physical QoL were examined. RESULTS In a model adjusting for age, sex, disease burden, income, education and years in the US., hostility was related to worse mental QoL, and was marginally associated with worse physical QoL. However, when adjusting for the influence of depression and anxiety, greater hostility was associated with better mental QoL, and was not associated with physical QoL. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate observed associations between hostility and QoL are confounded by symptoms of anxiety and depression, and suggest hostility is independently associated with better mental QoL in this population. Findings also highlight the importance of differentiating shared and unique associations of specific emotions with health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Moncrieft
- a Department of Psychology , University of Miami , Coral Gables , FL , USA
| | - Maria M Llabre
- a Department of Psychology , University of Miami , Coral Gables , FL , USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- b Department of Psychology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- c Department of Biostatistics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Franklyn Gonzalez
- c Department of Biostatistics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Patricia Gonzalez
- b Department of Psychology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Natania W Ostrovsky
- d Department of Epidemiology and Population Health , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Neil Schneiderman
- a Department of Psychology , University of Miami , Coral Gables , FL , USA
| | - Frank J Penedo
- e Department of Medical Social Sciences , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
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Bui AD, Alexander A, Soltesz I. Seizing Control: From Current Treatments to Optogenetic Interventions in Epilepsy. Neuroscientist 2016; 23:68-81. [PMID: 26700888 DOI: 10.1177/1073858415619600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictability and severity of seizures contribute to the debilitating nature of epilepsy. These factors also render the condition particularly challenging to treat, as an ideal treatment would need to detect and halt the pathological bursts of hyperactivity without disrupting normal brain activity. Optogenetic techniques offer promising tools to study and perhaps eventually treat this episodic disorder by controlling specific brain circuits in epileptic animals with great temporal precision. Here, we briefly review the current treatment options for patients with epilepsy. We then describe the many ways optogenetics has allowed us to untangle the microcircuits involved in seizure activity, and how it has, in some cases, changed our perception of previous theories of seizure generation. Control of seizures with light is no longer a dream, and has been achieved in numerous different animal models of epilepsy. Beyond its application as a seizure suppressor, we highlight another facet of optogenetics in epilepsy, namely the ability to create "on-demand" seizures, as a tool to systematically probe the dynamics of networks during seizure initiation and propagation. Finally, we look into the future to discuss the possibilities and challenges of translating optogenetic techniques to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh D Bui
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,2 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Allyson Alexander
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Psychiatric Comorbidities in Epilepsy: We Learned to Recognize Them; it is Time to Start Treating Them. Epilepsy Curr 2016. [DOI: 10.5698/1535-7511-16.4.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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191
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Toledo M, Whitesides J, Schiemann J, Johnson ME, Eckhardt K, McDonough B, Borghs S, Kwan P. Safety, tolerability, and seizure control during long‐term treatment with adjunctive brivaracetam for partial‐onset seizures. Epilepsia 2016; 57:1139-51. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledo
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Independent University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Kwan
- University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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192
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Saadi A, Patenaude B, Nirola DK, Deki S, Tshering L, Clark S, Shaull L, Sorets T, Fink G, Mateen F. Quality of life in epilepsy in Bhutan. Seizure 2016; 39:44-48. [PMID: 27257785 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the quality of life in epilepsy (QOLIE) among adults in the lower middle-income country of Bhutan and assess the potential demographic and clinical associations with better QOLIE. METHODS People with clinically diagnosed epilepsy were prospectively enrolled at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in Thimphu (2014-2015). Regression models were constructed to assess the potential impact of age, sex, residence in the capital city, wealth quintile, educational attainment, seizure in the prior year, seizures with loss of consciousness, self-reported stigma score, and need for multiple antiepileptic drugs. RESULTS The mean Bhutanese 48.4/100 ± 17.3 [corrected] score among 172 adults (mean age 31.1 years, 93 female) was 48.9/100±17.7. Younger age, lower educational attainment level, and increased self-perceived stigma were each observed to have an independent, negative association with QOLIE (p<0.05), while a patient's wealth quintile, sex, seizure frequency, seizure type and number of antiepileptic drugs were not. Education appeared to be most strongly associated with QOL at the high school and college levels. CONCLUSIONS There are potentially modifiable associations with low QOLIE. Addressing the educational level and self-perceived stigma of PWE may have an especial impact. The low QOLIE in Bhutan may reflect cultural approaches to epilepsy, health services, or other factors including those outside of the health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Saadi
- Partners Neurology Residency, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | | | | | - Sonam Deki
- Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan.
| | - Lhab Tshering
- Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan.
| | - Sarah Clark
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | | | - Tali Sorets
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - Guenther Fink
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Farrah Mateen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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193
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Chen HF, Tsai YF, Hsi MS, Chen JC. Factors affecting quality of life in adults with epilepsy in Taiwan: A cross-sectional, correlational study. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 58:26-32. [PMID: 27002941 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess eight factors considered important for quality of life in persons with epilepsy in order to determine which of these components affect quality of life in adults with epilepsy in Taiwan. METHODS A cross-sectional, correlational study using structured questionnaires assessed 260 patients with epilepsy purposively sampled from a medical center in Northern Taiwan. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was evaluated with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31) questionnaire. Data also included personal and health-related characteristics, knowledge of epilepsy, efficacy in the self-management of epilepsy, and social support. RESULTS Scores for the QOLIE-31 were correlated with the following factors: (1) demographic characteristics of age, gender, and income; (2) sleep quality; (3) symptoms of anxiety and depression; (4) epilepsy-specific variables: seizure frequency; types, number, and frequency of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs); and adverse events of AEDs; and (5) social support. Stepwise regression analysis showed that seven factors were predictive for quality of life: anxiety, depression, adverse events of AEDs, social support, seizure frequency of at least once in three months, household income of NT$ 40,001-100,000, and male gender. These factors accounted for 58.2% of the variance of quality of life. SIGNIFICANCE Our study assessed multiple factors in an examination of relationships and predictive factors for quality of life in adults with epilepsy in Taiwan. Knowledge of these contributing factors can assist health-care providers when evaluating patients with epilepsy to help target interventions for improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Fang Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Mo-Song Hsi
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Epilepsy Association, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Epilepsy Association, Taiwan
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195
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Caller TA, Ferguson RJ, Roth RM, Secore KL, Alexandre FP, Zhao W, Tosteson TD, Henegan PL, Birney K, Jobst BC. A cognitive behavioral intervention (HOBSCOTCH) improves quality of life and attention in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 57:111-117. [PMID: 26943948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive difficulties in epilepsy are common and add to disability beyond seizures alone. A self-management intervention targeting cognitive dysfunction was developed and assessed for whether it improves quality of life, objective memory, and mood in adults with epilepsy. METHODS The HOme Based Self-management and COgnitive Training CHanges lives (HOBSCOTCH) program was developed to incorporate (1) psychoeducation, (2) self-awareness training, (3) compensatory strategies, and (4) application of these strategies in day-to-day life using problem solving therapy. Adults aged 18-65 years with epilepsy (n=66) were randomized into 3 groups, to receive 8 weeks of HOBSCOTCH, with (H+) or without (H) additional working memory training on a commercial gaming device, or to a waitlisted control group. The primary outcome was quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy scale, QOLIE-31) with secondary outcomes of objective cognition measured with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and depression (as measured by PHQ9 and NDDIE). RESULTS Both intervention arms showed a significant improvement in quality of life, as compared with controls who demonstrated a decline in QOLIE-31 scores. There was significant improvement in objective cognitive performance among the intervention groups, most notably in attention, compared with the waitlisted controls. There was no significant change in depression scores. SIGNIFICANCE The HOBSCOTCH program significantly improved quality of life and appeared to be an effective intervention to address cognitive dysfunction in adults with epilepsy. Further studies are needed to assess the generalizability and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie A Caller
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | | | - Robert M Roth
- Neuropsychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Karen L Secore
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Faith P Alexandre
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States; Division of Biostatistics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
| | - Tor Devin Tosteson
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States; Division of Biostatistics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
| | - Patricia L Henegan
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Kimberly Birney
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Barbara C Jobst
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
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196
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Galtrey CM, Mula M, Cock HR. Stress and epilepsy: fact or fiction, and what can we do about it? Pract Neurol 2016; 16:270-8. [PMID: 26933239 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2015-001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
People with epilepsy report that stress is their most common trigger for seizures and some believe it caused their epilepsy in the first place. The extensive preclinical, epidemiological and clinical studies examining the link between stress and epilepsy have given confusing results; the clinical studies in particular are fraught with confounders. However stress is clearly bad for health, and we now have substantial preclinical evidence suggesting that chronic stress worsens epilepsy; in selected cases it may even be a causal factor for epilepsy. Healthcare professionals working with people with epilepsy should pay more attention to stress in clinical practice. This review includes some practical advice and guidance for stress screening and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Galtrey
- Epilepsy Group, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marco Mula
- Epilepsy Group, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Institute of Biomedical & Medical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Hannah R Cock
- Epilepsy Group, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Institute of Biomedical & Medical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
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197
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Ring A, Jacoby A, Baker GA, Marson A, Whitehead MM. Does the concept of resilience contribute to understanding good quality of life in the context of epilepsy? Epilepsy Behav 2016; 56:153-64. [PMID: 26895477 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A significant body of research highlights negative impacts of epilepsy for individual quality of life (QOL). Poor seizure control is frequently associated with reporting of poor QOL and good seizure control with good QOL; however, this is not a universal finding. Evidence suggests that some people enjoy good QOL despite ongoing seizures while others report poor QOL despite good seizure control. Understanding the factors that influence QOL for people with epilepsy and the processes via which such factors exert their influence is central to the development of interventions to support people with epilepsy to experience the best possible QOL. We present findings of a qualitative investigation exploring influences and processes on QOL for people with epilepsy. We describe the clinical, psychological, and social factors contributing to QOL. In particular, we focus on the value of the concept of resilience for understanding quality of life in epilepsy. Based on our analysis, we propose a model of resilience wherein four key component sets of factors interact to determine QOL. This model reflects the fluid nature of resilience that, we suggest, is subject to change based on shifts within the individual components and the interactions between them. The model offers a representation of the complex influences that act and interact to either mitigate or further compound the negative impacts of epilepsy on individual QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Ring
- Department of Public Health & Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ann Jacoby
- Department of Public Health & Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Gus A Baker
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Anthony Marson
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, UK
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Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Nicolas JM, Gillard M, Lamberty Y, De Ryck M, Kaminski RM, Leclercq K, Niespodziany I, Wolff C, Wood M, Hannestad J, Kervyn S, Kenda B. Brivaracetam: Rationale for discovery and preclinical profile of a selective SV2A ligand for epilepsy treatment. Epilepsia 2016; 57:538-48. [PMID: 26920914 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite availability of effective antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), many patients with epilepsy continue to experience refractory seizures and adverse events. Achievement of better seizure control and fewer side effects is key to improving quality of life. This review describes the rationale for the discovery and preclinical profile of brivaracetam (BRV), currently under regulatory review as adjunctive therapy for adults with partial-onset seizures. The discovery of BRV was triggered by the novel mechanism of action and atypical properties of levetiracetam (LEV) in preclinical seizure and epilepsy models. LEV is associated with several mechanisms that may contribute to its antiepileptic properties and adverse effect profile. Early findings observed a moderate affinity for a unique brain-specific LEV binding site (LBS) that correlated with anticonvulsant effects in animal models of epilepsy. This provided a promising molecular target and rationale for identifying selective, high-affinity ligands for LBS with potential for improved antiepileptic properties. The later discovery that synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) was the molecular correlate of LBS confirmed the novelty of the target. A drug discovery program resulted in the identification of anticonvulsants, comprising two distinct families of high-affinity SV2A ligands possessing different pharmacologic properties. Among these, BRV differed significantly from LEV by its selective, high affinity and differential interaction with SV2A as well as a higher lipophilicity, correlating with more potent and complete seizure suppression, as well as a more rapid brain penetration in preclinical models. Initial studies in animal models also revealed BRV had a greater antiepileptogenic potential than LEV. These properties of BRV highlight its promising potential as an AED that might provide broad-spectrum efficacy, associated with a promising tolerability profile and a fast onset of action. BRV represents the first selective SV2A ligand for epilepsy treatment and may add a significant contribution to the existing armamentarium of AEDs.
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Gupta S, Kwan P, Faught E, Tsong W, Forsythe A, Ryvlin P. Understanding the burden of idiopathic generalized epilepsy in the United States, Europe, and Brazil: An analysis from the National Health and Wellness Survey. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 55:146-56. [PMID: 26773686 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the current burden of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (PGTCS) associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) as a function of seizure frequency. We analyzed data for (IGE) as a proxy measure of PGTCS. Little is known about the quality of life (QoL), health utility, productivity, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and cost burden of PGTCS or IGE. Patients were identified from the US (2011, 2012, & 2013), 5EU (2011 & 2013), and Brazil (2011 & 2012) National Health and Wellness Survey, a nationally representative, internet-based survey of adults (18+ years). Patients that self-reported a diagnosis of IGE were categorized into seizure frequencies of: ≥1 seizure per week, 1-3 seizures per month, 1-4 seizures per year, or <1 seizure per year. QoL was measured using the SF-36v2 Mental (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores, health utilities with the SF-6D, productivity with the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire, and HRU as reported in the past six months. Unit costs were estimated from the literature and multiplied against HRU values to calculate direct costs and WPAI values to calculate indirect costs. Generalized linear regression was utilized to examine the relationship between seizure frequency and each measure of burden with adjustment for covariates. Out of the general population surveyed, IGE was self-reported in 782 of 176,093 (US), 172 of 30,000 (UK), 106 of 30,001 (Germany), 87 of 30,000 (France), 31 of 12,011 (Spain), 22 of 17,500 (Italy), and 34 of 24,000 (Brazil). Persistent seizures (≥1 per year) were reported in over 40% of patients with IGE (10-15% with ≥1 seizure per week, 10-15% with 1-3 seizures per month, 20-25% with 1-4 seizures per year). Over 75% were treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Compared with those having <1 seizure per year (reference group), patients in the two most frequent seizure categories reported worse MCS and PCS scores. Patients in the three highest seizure frequency groups consistently reported worse health utility scores, and greater presenteeism (attending work while not physically or mentally capable of working), overall work impairment, activity impairment, HRU, indirect costs, and direct costs than the reference group. Despite the availability of AEDs during the year surveyed, a substantial number of patients experienced persistent seizures. Increasing seizure frequency was clearly associated with worse outcomes. The burden of PGTCS and IGE may be proportionally reduced by newer AEDs which may increase the proportion of seizure-free patients or shift more patients into lower seizure frequency categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaloo Gupta
- Kantar Health, 1 Independence Way, Suite 220, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Patrick Kwan
- The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
| | - Edward Faught
- Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Epilepsy Program, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Wan Tsong
- Eisai Inc., Global Value & Access, 155 Tice Blvd., Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA.
| | - Anna Forsythe
- Eisai Inc., Global Value & Access, 155 Tice Blvd., Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA.
| | - Phillipe Ryvlin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, BH/10/137 Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Lee GH, Lee SA, No SK, Lee SM, Ryu JY, Jo KD, Kwon JH, Kim OJ, Park H, Kwon OY, Kim JH, Kim WJ. Factors contributing to the development of perceived stigma in people with newly diagnosed epilepsy: A one-year longitudinal study. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 54:1-6. [PMID: 26610094 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the course of perceived stigma and the factors associated with perceived stigma over the first year in newly diagnosed people with epilepsy (PWE). METHODS We recruited newly diagnosed PWE from 12 tertiary hospitals in Korea. The perceived stigma of epilepsy was assessed using the Stigma Scale at baseline and one year later. At the time of diagnosis, demographic, clinical seizure-related, and psychological data were collected. The predictive factors for perceived stigma over one year were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Two hundred eighteen newly diagnosed PWE were included at baseline, and 153 completed the study. The percentage of participants who felt stigmatized decreased from 30.7% at the time of diagnosis to 17.6% at the end of follow-up. Introverted personality and a high level of anxiety were independent factors contributing to stigma at the time of epilepsy diagnosis. At the one-year follow-up, introverted personality and lower economic status were predictive of the development of perceived stigma. CONCLUSION Introverted personality was an important factor contributing to the development of perceived stigma at the time of diagnosis and at one year after diagnosis. In addition, a high level of anxiety and a low economic status were independently related to feelings of stigma at baseline and at one year after diagnosis, respectively. There may be a decrease in the perception of stigma over one year in newly diagnosed PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gha-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ahm Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Kee No
- Department of Neurology, Bong-Seng Memorial Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Kepco Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Deog Jo
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungkook Park
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Young Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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