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Bhattarai G, Lee YH, Yi HK. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma loaded dental implant improves osteogenesis of rat mandible. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:587-95. [PMID: 24962969 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been known for their anti-inflammatory effects. But the application of this molecule in implant-induced inflammation has not been clearly studied yet. Here, we determined in vivo anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects of PPARγ coated dental implant in the rat mandible. We used chitosan gold nanoparticles (Ch-GNPs) as a non viral vector to carry PPARγ plasmid DNA. Ch-GNPs were conjugated with PPARγ plasmid DNA through a coacervation process. Conjugation was cast over titanium (Ti) implants (4.5 × 0.8 mm) by dipping, and implants were installed in rat mandibles. One, 2, 3, and 6 weeks post-implantation, mandibles were examined by microcomputed tomography (µCT), immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin & eosin, and tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In vivo Ch-GNPs/PPARγcoated implants were associated with inhibition of implant induced inflammatory molecules interleukin-1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and enhanced expression of osteogenic molecules like bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 7 (BMP-2/-7) by up-regulating anti-oxidant molecules heme oxygenase-1. µCT demonstrated that PPARγ overexpression increased the density and volume of newly formed bone surrounding the implants compared to control (n = 4; p < 0.05). Also, PPARγ reduced the number of TRAP positive cells. These results support the view that PPARγ overexpression diminishes inflammation and enhances osteogenesis around the dental implants. Thus, implant coated with anti-inflammatory molecules could have a significant utilization for the preparation of new biomaterials and may serve as prosthetic materials in patients suffering from inflammatory bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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153
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Alfarsi MA, Hamlet SM, Ivanovski S. The Effect of Platelet Proteins Released in Response to Titanium Implant Surfaces on Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 17:1036-47. [PMID: 24909201 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Platelets are one of the earliest cell types to interact with surgically inserted titanium implants. This in vitro study investigated the effect of titanium surface-induced platelet releasate on macrophage cytokine gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS To mimic the in vivo temporal sequence of platelet arrival and protein production at the implant surface and the subsequent effect of these proteins on mediators of the immune response, the levels of platelet attachment and activation in response to culture on smooth polished, sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA), and hydrophilic-modified SLA (modSLA) titanium surfaces were first determined by microscopy and protein assay. The subsequent effect of the platelet-released proteins on human THP-1 macrophage cytokine gene expression was determined by polymerase chain reaction array after 1 and 3 days of macrophage culture on the titanium surfaces in platelet-releasate conditioned media. RESULTS Platelet attachment was surface dependent with decreased attachment observed on the hydrophilic (modSLA) surface. The platelet releasate, when considered independently of the surface effect, elicited an overall pro-inflammatory response in macrophage cytokine gene expression, that is, the expression of typical pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as TNF, IL1a, IL1b, and CCL1 was significantly up-regulated whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes such as IL10, CxCL12, and CxCL13 was significantly down-regulated. However, following platelet exposure to different surface modifications, the platelet releasate significantly attenuated the macrophage pro-inflammatory response to microrough (SLA) titanium and hastened an anti-inflammatory response to hydrophilic (modSLA) titanium. CONCLUSIONS Theses results demonstrate that titanium surface topography and chemistry are able to influence the proteomic profile released by platelets, which can subsequently influence macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. This immunomodulation may be an important mechanism via which titanium surface modification influences osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alfarsi
- Griffith Health Institute, Molecular basis of Disease Program and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen M Hamlet
- Griffith Health Institute, Molecular basis of Disease Program and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- Griffith Health Institute, Molecular basis of Disease Program and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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154
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ALFARSI MA, HAMLET SM, IVANOVSKI S. Titanium surface hydrophilicity enhances platelet activation. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:749-56. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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155
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de Barros RRM, Novaes AB, Korn P, Queiroz A, de Almeida ALG, Hintze V, Scharnweber D, Bierbaum S, Stadlinger B. Bone Formation in a Local Defect around Dental Implants Coated with Extracellular Matrix Components. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 17:742-57. [PMID: 24283497 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The coating of implant surfaces with components of the extracellular matrix offers an approach to influence peri-implant bone healing. In this study, bone healing around coated implants is analyzed in a peri-implant defect model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight months after extraction of the premolar teeth, six dogs received 48 implants (eight per animal) in the mandible. Implant surfaces were sandblasted and acid-etched, and some were additionally coated with collagen type II and chondroitin sulfate (collagen/CS). On each side of the mandible, implants either had no peri-implant defect (control side) or a vertical defect of 5 mm in depth and 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mm in width. Implants healed submerged for 8 weeks. Fluorochrome staining, histology, and histomorphometry were used to analyze implant osseointegration. RESULTS Fluorochrome labels showed an increased mineralization around collagen/CS-coated surfaces at 4 weeks (p = .031). Histomorphometry generally showed lower vertical and horizontal bone apposition with increasing gap size for both surface types. In gapless sites and 0.5-mm gaps, collagen/CS coated implants showed increased bone volume in areas directly adjacent to the implant, in comparison with uncoated implants (p < .05). CONCLUSION The width of the peri-implant gap influences peri-implant bone formation. Complete filling of all gaps by newly formed bone could not be observed around either surface. In proximity to the surface, implant surface coating by collagen/CS positively influenced bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Korn
- Clinic of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Vera Hintze
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Bierbaum
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Stadlinger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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156
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Overman JR, Helder MN, ten Bruggenkate CM, Schulten EAJM, Klein-Nulend J, Bakker AD. Growth factor gene expression profiles of bone morphogenetic protein-2-treated human adipose stem cells seeded on calcium phosphate scaffolds in vitro. Biochimie 2013; 95:2304-13. [PMID: 24028822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The secretome of stem cells strongly determines the outcome of tissue engineering strategies. We investigated how the secretome of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) can be affected by substrate, BMP-2 treatment, and degree of differentiation. We hypothesized that as differentiation progresses, hASCs produce increasingly more gene products associated with processes such as angiogenesis and bone remodeling. Human ASCs were treated for 15 min with BMP-2 (10 ng/ml) to enhance osteogenic differentiation, or with vehicle. Subsequently, hASCs were seeded on plastic or on biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) consisting of 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% β-tricalcium phosphate. A PCR array for ~150 trophic factors and differentiation-related genes was performed at day 21 of culture. A limited set of factors was quantified by qPCR at days 0, 4, 14 and 21, and/or ELISA at day 21. Compared to plastic, BCP-cultured hASCs showed ≥2-fold higher expression of ~20 factors, e.g. cytokines such as IL-6, growth factors such as FGF7 and adhesion molecules such as VCAM1. Expression of another ~50 genes was decreased ≥2-fold on BCP vs. plastic, even though hASCs differentiate better on BCP than on plastic. BMP-2-treatment increased the expression of ~30 factors by hASCs seeded on BCP, while it decreased the expression of only PGF, PPARG and PTN. Substrate affected hASC secretion of Activin A and seemed to affect P1NP release. No clear association between hASC osteogenic differentiation and growth factor expression pattern was observed. Considering our observed lack of association between the degree of differentiation and the expression of factors associated with angiogenesis and bone remodeling by hASCs, future bone regeneration studies should focus more on systematically orchestrating the secretome of stem cells, rather than on inducing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells only. Short incubation with BMP-2 may be a promising treatment to enhance both osteogenic differentiation and environmental modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Overman
- Dept. Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dept. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam/VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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157
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Korn P, Schulz MC, Hintze V, Range U, Mai R, Eckelt U, Schnabelrauch M, Möller S, Becher J, Scharnweber D, Stadlinger B. Chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan-containing collagen coatings of titanium implants influence peri-implant bone formation in a minipig model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2334-44. [PMID: 23946280 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An improved osseous integration of dental implants in patients with lower bone quality is of particular interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of artificial extracellular matrix implant coatings on early bone formation. The coatings contained collagen (coll) in conjunction with either chondroitin sulfate (CS) or sulfated hyaluronan (sHya). Thirty-six screw-type, grit-blasted, and acid-etched titanium implants were inserted in the mandible of 6 minipigs. Three surface states were tested: (1) uncoated control (2) coll/CS (3) coll/sHya. After healing periods of 4 and 8 weeks, bone implant contact (BIC), bone volume density (BVD) as well as osteoid related parameters were measured. After 4 weeks, control implants showed a BIC of 44% which was comparable to coll/CS coated implants (48%) and significantly higher compared to coll/sHya coatings (37%, p = 0.012). This difference leveled out after 8 weeks. No significant differences could be detected for BVD values after 4 weeks and all surfaces showed reduced BVD values after 8 weeks. However, at that time, BVD around both, coll/CS (30%, p = 0.029), and coll/sHya (32%, p = 0.015), coatings was significantly higher compared to controls (22%). The osteoid implant contact (OIC) showed no significant differences after 4 weeks. After 8 weeks OIC for controls was comparable to coll/CS, the latter being significantly higher compared to coll/sHya (0.9% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.012). There were no significant differences in osteoid volume density. In summary, implant surface coatings by the chosen organic components of the extracellular matrix showed a certain potential to influence osseointegration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Korn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus, " Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
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158
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Schröck K, Schneider H, Lutz J, Hacker MC, Mändl S, Kamprad M, Schulz-Siegmund M. Cytocompatibility of nitrogen plasma ion immersed medical cobalt-chromium alloys. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1744-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Schröck
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Universität Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy; Universität Leipzig; 04317 Leipzig Germany
| | - Heike Schneider
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Universität Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Johanna Lutz
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Universität Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V. (IOM); 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Michael C. Hacker
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy; Universität Leipzig; 04317 Leipzig Germany
| | - Stephan Mändl
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V. (IOM); 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Manja Kamprad
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
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Alfarsi MA, Hamlet SM, Ivanovski S. Titanium surface hydrophilicity modulates the human macrophage inflammatory cytokine response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:60-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Alfarsi
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University; Gold Coast Australia
- College of Dentistry; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen M. Hamlet
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University; Gold Coast Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University; Gold Coast Australia
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160
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Hyzy S, Olivares-Navarrete R, Hutton D, Tan C, Boyan B, Schwartz Z. Microstructured titanium regulates interleukin production by osteoblasts, an effect modulated by exogenous BMP-2. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5821-9. [PMID: 23123301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microtextured implant surfaces increase osteoblast differentiation in vitro and enhance bone-to-implant contact in vivo and clinically. These implants may be used in combination with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) to enhance peri-implant bone formation. However, the effect of surface modifications alone or in combination with rhBMP-2 on the osteoblast-produced inflammatory microenvironment is unknown. MG63 cells were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene or titanium substrates: smooth pretreated (PT, Ra=0.2μm), sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA, Ra=3.2μm) or hydrophilic-SLA (modSLA). Expression and protein production of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL1b, IL6, IL8, IL17) and anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL10) were measured in cells with or without rhBMP-2. To determine which BMP signaling pathways were involved, cultures were incubated with BMP pathway inhibitors to blockSmad (dorsomorphin), TAB/TAK1 ((5Z)-7-oxozeaenol) or PKA (H-8) signaling. Culture on rough SLA and modSLA surfaces decreased pro-inflammatory interleukins and increased anti-inflammatory IL10. This effect was negated in cells treated with rhBMP-2, which caused an increase in pro-inflammatory interleukins and a decrease in anti-inflammatory interleukins through TAB/TAK signaling. The results suggest that surface microtexture modulates the inflammatory process during osseointegration, an effect that may enhance healing. However, rhBMP-2 in combination with microtextured titanium implants can influence the effect of cells on these surfaces, and may adversely affect cells involved in osseointegration.
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